ADJECTIVES

Beautiful, pretty, bold, fierce, majestic, many, few, small, blue, much, green, tall, cute, red, smart, two, any-and the list just goes on. These words might look random but they are all describing words, aka adjectives. Adjectives cannot stand on their own as they are supposed to describe nouns or pronoun and modify them. Adjectives are used to bring colour to your sentence by making the noun look something special and the sentence sound more complete. The many types of adjectives make it even more convenient to know where which type of adjective is to be used. The types of adjectives available for use are governed by a number of rules. And it is these rules that need to be understood in order to be able to use these parts of speech to your advantage. For better understanding, know and learn all the kinds of adjectives and the ways in which each type can be used to describe words and or phrases.

Definitions
!An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun." #By $noun$ we include pronouns and noun phrases.% Another simple definition of adjective is& Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articles ' a, an, and the ' are adjectives. (t may be defined in another way like this& !An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or )uantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies." (n a detailed conte*t adjective is& !An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or a pronoun. To modify a word means to describe the word or to make its meaning more definite. An adjective modifies a word by telling what kind, which one, how much, or how many. Adjectives always modify noun or noun equivalent, infinitive, present participle, etc." An adjective $)ualifies$ or $modifies$ a noun #a big dog%. Adjectives can be used before a noun #( like Chinese food% or after certain verbs #It is hard%. +e can often use two or more adjectives together #a beautiful young French lady%.

Ty es of Adjectives
There are different types of adjectives based upon their effect on a noun and what do they tell about the noun. There are five categories of adjectives. !" Adjectives of #uality

These adjectives are used to describe the nature of a noun. They give an idea about the characteristics of the noun by answering the )uestion ,what kind-. .onest, /ind, 0arge, Bulky, Beautiful, 1gly etc. 2ew 3elhi is a large city with many historical monuments. 4heila is a beautiful woman. $" Adjectives of #uantity These adjectives help to show the amount or the appro*imate amount of the noun or pronoun. These adjectives do not provide e*act numbers5 rather they tell us the amount of the noun in relative or whole terms. All, .alf, 6any, Few, 0ittle, 2o, 7nough, 8reat etc. They have finished %ost of the rice. &any people came to visit the fair. '" Adjectives of (u%ber These adjectives are used to show the number of nouns and their place in an order. There are three different sections within adjectives of number5 they are 3efinite 2umeral Adjective - Those which clearly denote an e*act number of nouns or the order of the noun. 9ne, Two, Twenty, Thirty-Three etc. also known as :ardinals. First, 4econd, Third, 4eventh etc. also known as 9rdinals. (ndefinite 2umeral Adjective - Those adjectives that do not give an e*act numerical amount but just give a general idea of the amount. 4ome, 6any, Few, Any, 4everal, All etc. 7.g.& There were %any people present at the meeting. 3istributive 2umeral Adjective -Those adjectives that are used to refer to individual nouns within the whole amount. 7ither, 2either, 7ach, Another, 9ther etc. Ta*es have to be paid by every employed citi;en.

)" De%onstrative Adjectives

These adjectives are used to point out or indicate a particular noun or pronoun using the adjectives - This, That, These and Those.

That bag belongs to 2eil. Try using this paintbrush in art class.

( really like those shoes. These flowers are lovely. *" Interrogative Adjectives These adjectives are used to ask )uestions about nouns or in relation to nouns, they are - +here, +hat, +hich and +hose" +here did he say he was going< +hat assignment did ( miss out on< +hich is your favorite author<

+hose pen is this< (n some instances, we find that we need to use more than one adjective to describe a noun in a satisfactory manner. (n these cases, commas are used to separate the adjectives but some series of adjectives do not re)uire a comma. Therefore, we need to know the difference between :oordinate and 2on-coordinate Adjectives Coordinate Adjectives are those words which can be re-arranged in the series easily and are still grammatically sound. This kind of series makes use of commas. This series can also insert ,and- between them and still be correct. 4he was a kind, generous, loving human being. 4he was a generous, loving, kind human being. 4he was a loving, kind and generous human being. .ere we can see that all three sentences are grammatically correct. (n this case, the adjectives only need to be separated by commas. (on,coordinate Adjectives are those adjectives which cannot be rearranged in the series. These do not use commas to separate the adjectives. Also, this kind of series do not make sense if we insert ,and- between them. 4he has two energetic playful dogs.

4he has playful two energetic dogs. 4he has energetic and playful and two dogs. .ere we see that only the first sentence makes sense and is grammatically correct. The second and third ones are incorrect. .ence, the sentence uses non-coordinate adjectives and does not need commas. -" .ossessive Adjectives =ossessive adjective is used where the sentence shows possession or belongingness. They are similar to possessive pronouns and, in this case, are used as adjectives which modify a noun or a noun phrase. .ere words such as, our, my, your, his, her, it>s and their s, are used. For e*ample& .ave you seen their house< This is his room.

/ules for the .lace%ent of Adjectives

There are certain rules regarding the placement of different kinds of adjectives in a sentence. The general order followed is&

!"Deter%iners
These are the various articles #the, a, an%, demonstratives #this, that, these, those%, possessives #my, mine, your, yours, -,s%, )uantifiers #all, many etc.%, numerals #one, twenty, thirty-seven etc.% and distributives #each, every, neither, either% For e*ample&

.e is in an angry mood. That is %y pencil.

angry

$" 0bservations1#uantity and 0 inion Then come the adjectives that give a )uantity #also known as post-determiners% and subjective opinion to the noun, telling ,how much- and ,how was- the noun. Few, 6ost, 9ne, Three Beautiful, 1gly, 3ifficult etc.

The beautiful house. '" Si2e The position after 9bservations is for the adjectives that tell about the si;e of the noun, they can be used for an object as well as living thing. .uge, 0ittle, Bulky, Thin, ?ast, Tiny, 0ean, Fat etc The beautiful little house. )" Age Then is the turn of the Adjectives that tell about the age of a noun either by itself or in relation to another noun. @oung, 9ld, Teenage, 6ature, Aecent, Bygone etc. The beautiful little old house. *" Sha e 2e*t are the adjectives that tell about the shape or appearance of the noun. :ircular, :rooked, Triangular, 9val, +avy, 4traights etc. The beautiful little old s)uare house. -" Colour After that are the adjectives that tell the shade and hue of a noun. =astel, Aed, Blue, 6etallic, :olourless, Translucent etc. The beautiful s)uare blue coloured house. 3"0rigin 2e*t are the adjectives that show the different geographical locations associated with a noun. 4outhern, 2orthern, 0unar, 6e*ican, French etc. The beautiful blue coloured 6e*ican house.

4" &aterial

2e*t are the adjectives that talk about the raw material or te*ture of the objects or the behaviour of the living nouns. +ooden, =lastic, 4teely, 6etallic, :ottony etc. The beautiful 6e*ican limestone house. 5" #ualifier 0astly, the )ualifier or the grammatical modifier comes, which is an additional word or phrase provided to change the meaning of the noun in a sentence. =ink B eye, Aoyal B treatment, .ot B fudge etc. The beautiful 6e*ican limestone doll house.

/eferences
E6 loring English 7ra%%ar By 8renville /leiser Functional 7nglish by 4hakeel Amjad and (mran .ashmi

http& grammar.ccc.commnet.edu grammar adjectives.htm

http& www.englishclub.com grammar adjectives.htm

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