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1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 Importance of re safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theme and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outline of the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 Background 2.1 2.2 2.3 Introduction to re modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Experimental models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mathematical models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4 Zone models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CFD models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fundamentals of CFD used for re modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Governing equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Combustion modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radiation modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turbulence modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5
Ansys CFX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 1.2 1.3 Importance of re safety Theme and Objectives Outline of the Thesis
Chapter 2
Background
2.1 2.2 Introduction to re modelling Experimental models
Experimental models as the name indicates the models based on experiments. They operate in real, physical scale.Small scale experiments can save a lot of time and provide accurate results. They give a basic understanding into real re behaviour. The disadvantage is they are not very reliable tool for full scale re behaviour, as full scale experiments are very expensive and rarely carried to understand the global behaviour.
2.3
Mathematical models
Mathematical models describe the re modelling using a set of mathematical equations. They are generally classied into probabilistic or deterministic models[1]. Probabilistic models do not involve actual physical and chemical principles in it. They are merely based on statistical predictions. Deterministic models while on other hand can be classied into :
2.3.1
Zone models
Zone models are deterministic models where the domain is divided into control volumes or zones. Two zone model is quite common type of zone model. In two zone model the domain is divided into two zones, Upper hot zone and lower cold zone. In these models the equation of mass and
Literature review
energy conservation is solved with respect to time. Equations of momentum conservation are not explicitly applied[1].They are quite helpful and practical in providing initial estimates.
2.3.2
CFD models
Computational Fluid Dynamic(CFD) models, also know as Field Models are complex deterministic models where the domain is divided into small cells or enclosures and the equations of mass, energy and momentum conservations are applied on each cell. The computational and memory requirements is very high. They can capture complex geometries and conditions, hence providing more realistic results.
2.4
2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4
2.5
Ansys CFX
Bibliography
[1] J. G. Q. BJRN KARLSSON, Enclosure Fire Dynamics. CRC Press, 2000.