Well Test Objectives

Well Test Objectives

1. Identify and Obtain reservoir fluids; oil, gas
& water
2. Determine basic reservoir parametes;
productivity (PI), permeability(k), skin (S),
initial Resv. Pressure (P*) & Resv. Temp.
3. Well potential & deliverability (gas well) : It
may be mandatory to proof field
commerciality
4. Boundary & irregular conditions Reservoir
(GOC, OWC & Reservoir Limit)
WELL TESTING METHODS
WELL TESTING METHODS
HOLE CONDITION:
OPEN HOLE
CASED HOLE
TOOLS RUN IN HOLE :
WIRELINE TESTING : RFT, MDT & DST (IT WAS)
PRODUCTION TEST WITH COMPLETION STRING
IN PLACE : DST
Surface Test Equipment
Downhole Test
Equipment & Tool
DST & TCP
WELL TESTING SCHEMATIC
at
Cased Hole
Subsea Safety
Equipment
DOWNHOLE TESTING EQUIPMENT
Open-Hole Sampling Equipment
RDT & RCI are equivalent with RFT/MDT
Baker RCI
Halliburton RDT
Formation Test Tool (FTT) sample
chambers hold 420cc to 3 gallons of
reservoir fluid depending on make and
model.
Open hole samples aid production and
facility designs and are sometimes used
for PVT studies.
1
ST
GENERATION
RFT
REPEATED FORMATION TESTER
- unlimited pressure survey
- 1 to 2 fluid sampling
2
ND
GENERATION
MDT
MODULAR FORMATION DINAMIC
TESTER
- unlimited pressure survey
- many fluid sampling (unlimited?)
- able to identify fluid type
- able to replace(pump out)
unrequired fluid sample
SCHLUMBERGER
DOWNHOLE TESTING
EQUIPMENT
RFT / MDT
Mud pressure
Reservoir pressure
Build-up pressure
Example RFT Record
Wireline

Open Hole Testing

RFT/MDT/RDT/RCI/etc.
To identify the reservoir
pressure
To identify the fluid content
To estimate the permeability
To estimate the productifity
To define the fluid contact (OWC,
OGC and GWC if any)
Fluid Contact Determination
with fluid gradient from RFT
oil
water
RFT depth
W
a
t
e
r

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

0
.
4
3
3

p
s
i
/
f
t
pressure
d
e
p
t
h
O
i
l

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

0
.
3
6
7

p
s
i
/
f
t
OWC
Performing Well Test

with DST
Clean up (flow)
Shut-in
Main flow (one period or
flow-after-flow, flowing
test with 4 to 5 different
choke size)
Main Build up (shut-in)
Selective Layer Testing
8 1/2
7 @ 17690
12 1/4
17 1/2
9 5/8 @ 15500
26
Layer B
Layer A
20 ft @ 500
Example :
TEST STRING
DST & TCP
Example

: Pressure

Testing

Result
Build up data analysis
K = 375 mD
S = 21 P = 4200 psia
4050
[
p
s
i
a
]
40 60 80 100 120
45000
[
M
s
c
f
/
D
]
Production Period
Build up period
Pressure, psia
rates
Sanding Control
Test
Testing time, hrs
[
M
s
c
f
/
D
]
45000
4050
[
p
s
i
a
]
40 60 80 100 120
Well

Productivity
AOFP = 344 MMscf/d
CGR = 24.5 STB/MMscf/d
Tested gas and condensate rates can be
increased to 125 MMscf/D and 3100 BPD
2.5E+5
IPR plot
3500
50000
1500
1.5E+5 3.5E+5 2.5E+5
Gas Rate, Mscf/d
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
,

p
s
i
Testing

Risk

Factors
Layers communication due to
poor cement bond
High pressure and temperatures
(over 350F)
Pressure and fluid loss through
packers
Annulus-tubing fluid
communication
Water coning or sanding
Layers crossflow
THE ROLE of

WELLSITE/DEVELOPMENT GEOLOGIST (DG)

in WELL TESTING
OPEN HOLE TESTING
with RFT/MDT
CASED HOLE TESTING
with DST
DG Propose/selects the testing/perforation sand, interval and depth
Estimate the reservoir fluid contents and its static pressure
Provide the reservoir rock parameter for testing analysis such as lithology, porosity
and permeability if any (from log, or qualitative)
Stop the testing when unsafe operation Testing Engineer (TE) decision
Decide testing duration TE decide flow & shut-in periods. TE also
selects choke size for flow testing.
Select taken fluid sample TE decide fluid sampling methods. And
responsible for fluid sample handling
As Operation Witness will validate &
analyse the result
TE is prime Operation Witness and will
validate & analyse the testing result.
DG & TE will be along selecting the
perforation method
PERFORATION
1. THROUGH CASING GUN
Hyperjet/HSD(high shot density)
2. THROUGH TUBING GUN Enerjet
3. TCP (Tubing Conveyed Perforation)
GUN TYPES
DG and/or Wellsite

Geologist Responsibilities

in Perforation Job
1. Define the perforation intervals at
porous zone & hydrocarbon zone
(pay zone.
2. Evaluate and prepare the perforation
design such as gun type, size, SPF
(shot per ft), Spacing (angle between
two shots), charge/explosive type;
penetration deep and entrance hole.
3. Perforation environment (fluid type
in the hole); using mud or brine
water or special completion fluid,
under/over balance.
4. Witness the gun loading, correlation,
shooting result (whether all charges
exploded or not) SAFETY FIRST
PERF. At Net pay