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'
drdz t ! ! " z
z
!
r
r
!
#t
!
t C N
f p
!
... 6!
.
p
is the specific heat (heat $ %g.
o
.!" h is the convection coefficient" 7 85is a hot
volume" T is temperature" t is the thic%ness" 9 is the process time. Furthermore"
e*uation 0 is solved using (reen'(auss theory gives the following e*uation as
.
e
a:
e
; &
e
a
e
< f
e
...
/!
The element capacitance matrix (.
e
! for axisymmetric" transient thermal analysis
have two shape function is lump mass and capacitance matrices. E*uation / must
be completed in order to obtain price T as a function of position and time
functions. )n addition to boundary conditions" in this case the initial condition is
also necessary. Finite element method is using discretization of time" where the
elements as a function of time is called temporal element (to distinguish the ob2ect
element!. )n this case the element of time is seen as an element of a line that has
two nodes" namely that and ;. For the time discretization using linear
functions. Resolution process e*uation / using the principle of weighting function
as follows
, - .
/
0
+
d f Ka Ca W
i
... =!
Shape functions >
i
and >
i ;6
can be described as the following picture.
F'+U)E /! The two'node temporal element
For convenience let us define a local normalized coordinat ? as follows#
< (
'
i
! $
(
i;6
'
i
! < (
'
i
! $
)f follows that shape functions >
i
and >
i;6
are given by
>
i
< 6 ' and >
i;6
<
Similarly" f may be represented as
f < >
i
f
1i!
; >
i;6
f
(i;6!
There for e*uation (=! may be written as
[ ( ) [ ] ( ) ] 4 6 6 ! (
6
6 6 6
6
+ + +
,
_
+ + +
d f f a a # a a C $
i i i i i i
i
i
... @!
.ompletion e*uation (@! will further provide
[ ] [ ] + + +
+ +
- 2 / 1 . 2 / 1
2 / 1 2 / 1 i i i i
f f a K C a K C
... A! ... A!
.omputational process in e*uation .omputational process in e*uation (A! (A! done with re%ursion process" which results done with re%ursion process" which results
of (a! at step 2 to used as input in step 2 ;6. The recursion process is illustrated of (a! at step 2 to used as input in step 2 ;6. The recursion process is illustrated
schematically in figure /. schematically in figure /.
F'+U)E 2! Schematic diagram recusion process
Resolution process e*uation (A! by the method of BC decomposition or triangular
decomposition. )n principle" the stiffness matrix &
new
(&
new
< + K C ! split into
two matrices B and C. atrices B and C be a triangular matrix" wherein the matrix
B has a non'zero coefficients at the bottom (below the main diagonal are not
zeros!" while the matrix C has a non'zero coefficients at the top (the top main
diagonal are not zeros! as followesD
1
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
33
43 44
23 24 22
/3 /4 /2 //
33 34 32 3/
44 42 4/
22 2/
//
33 34 32 3/
43 44 42 4/
23 24 22 2/
/3 /4 /2 //
, , ,
, ,
,
,
, ,
, , ,
U
U U
U U U
U U U U
L L L L
L L L
L L
L
K K K K
K K K K
K K K K
K K K K
5)*+)AM 6T)UCTU)E
This processor program structure can be described as shown below.
F'+U)E 4! Erogram Structure
)E6ULT A(D D'6CU66
1evelopment software based on finite elemen method involve three stages namely
the preprocessor" processor" postprocessor as shown in figure ="@"A..
F'+U)E 3! 1isplay Ereprocessor Erogram
Ereprocessor program design according to the needs of the processor program.
Ereprocessor program development in Figure = starts from the settings of screen
whose function is used to ad2ust the screen according to the size scale of the
geometry" point $ multi point that according to the size of the drawing point of
geometry" lines function is used to connect two or more points" which connect
pattern line into fields" ie discretization divides the field into small areas with a
number of the desired node" node arrange the nodes reconstitute and write down
the number of nodes and elements" the write of material characteristics and data
load and etc. )n Figure @ is a display processor program that started early from
open file" ven diagram is to display the image geometry" read data time" )mage
filing cabinet that is processing the data using the e*uation 6 and e*uation 6 is
solved using e*uation / and test program execution processor use dummy data.
F'+U)E 7! Example of excecution processor program use dummy data
)n figure A is the display of postprocessor program .onsisting of open files of the
data" .onturFEBEFGG contour drawing is based on elements" .onturFGGF>H1E
contour drawing based on the node. graph drawing temperature vs node "
(rafi%F>H1FSCIC is drawing temperature chart on a particular node as a
function of time using dummy data as in Figure A" J.
Figure 8! Example of execution postprocessor program
Figure 9! Examples temperature chart on a particular node as a function of time
C*(CLU6'*(
astery of the basic theory of the finite element method (FE! which involves
three stages# preprocessor" processor and postprocessor and its programming will
facilitate the completion of the transient temperature distribution issues. Software
for the completion of the transient temperature distribution is developed based on
the software for 0'1 distribution analysis of asymmetric element linier temperature
steady state. The main difference is in the load as a function of time for transient
thermal analysis.
AC"(*:LED+EME(T
The author would li%e to than% r. Cta2a that he has helped to improve the
programs.
)EFE)E(CE6!
6. &laus'Kurgen ,athe" Finite Element Erocedures" Erentice Iall international ")nc.6LLA
0. 1avid Kung" Eierre ,out*uin" Khon 1. .onley )))" Boren Eidahl" Bowel auver" Kac% Eurdum"
+isual ,asic A Super,ible" Sams Eublishing" 6LLL.
/. )ntroduction To Finite Elements in Engineering" Tirupathi R. .handrupatla" ,elegundu -sho%.
1" Erentice Iall" >ew Kersey" 6LL6
=. Fran% B Stasa" -pplied Finite Element -nalysis For Engineers" Florida )nstitute of Technology
"6LM@
@. Saeed oaveni" Finite Element -nalysis" Theory and -pplication with ->SNS" Erentice Iall"
Cpper Saddle River" >ew Kersey 4J=@M "6LM/.