UNIT V : PROTOCOLS FOR QOS SUPPORT DEFINITION: RSVP: It is a network control protocol that allows data receiver to request

t a special end to end quality of service for its data flows. Although it sits on top of the IP protocol stack, it is not a routing protocol It is rather an internet control protocol It is designed to operate with current and future unicast and multicast routing protocols BASIC FLOW DIAGRAM:

DATA FLOWS: RSVP defines a session to be a data flow with a particular destination and transport layer protocol. An RSVP session is defined by the triple: DestAddress,Protocol ID,DstPort The DstPort is an optional parameter and is a generalized destination port. However the DstPort is necessary to allow more than one unicast session addressed to the same receiver host.

RSVP GOALS: 1. Ability for receivers to make reservations 2. Deal gracefully with changes in multicast group membership 3.Specify resource requirements such that aggregate resources reflect requirements 4.Enable receivers to select one source 5. Deal gracefully with changes in routes 6.Control protocol overhead 7.Independent of routing protocol RSVP CHARACTERISTICS: 1. Unicast and Multicast 2. Simplex 3. Receiver initiated reservation 4. Maintain soft state in the internet 5. Provide different reservation styles 6. Transparent operation through non-RSVP routers 7. Support for IPv4 and IPv6 DATA FLOW CONCEPTS: 1. Session Data flow identified by its destination Flow descriptor Reservation request issued by destination Made up of flowspec and filterspec Flowspec gives required QoS Filterspec defines set of packets for which reservation is required

RSVP OPERATION:

OPERATION FROM HOST PERSPECTIVE Receiver joins multicast group (IGMP) Potential sender issues Path message Receiver gets message identifying sender Receiver has reverse path info and may start sending Resv messages Resv messages propagate through internet and is delivered to sender Sender starts transmitting data packets Receiver starts receiving data packets RSVP PROTOCOL MECHANISM

RTP: TCP unacceptable for voice and video Preferable: use UDP for transport but UDP is connectionless, no in-order delivery, no detection of losses RTP adds: Payload Type, Sequence #, Timestamp RTP does not guarantee reliable delivery of packets guarantee QoS

RTP FUNCTIONS: Payload Type: identification of media stream 2. Timestamp timing reconstruction (for control of playback) synchronization of different media types (e.g., audio +video) 3. Sequence # packet sequencing loss detection (and rate adaptation) RTCP PURPOSE: Used for negotiation between senders and receivers Reports the quality of the connection between sender and receivers RT of RTCP Messages (Partial)

RTCP MESSAGES: 1. Source Description useful information about the source data 2. Sender Report report current time and amount of data sent so far 3. Receiver Report feedback to sender about what has been received so far 4. Bye source is disconnecting 5. Application-specific MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING: To improve the overall throughput and delay characteristics of an internet. MPLS is a promising effort to provide the kind of traffic management and connection oriented QOS support found in ATM networks to speed up the ip packetsforwarding process and to retain the flexibility of an IP based networking approaches. MPLS provide important new capabilities in four areas that have ensured its popularity 1. QOS support 2. Traffic engineering 3. virtual private network 4. multiprotocol support MPLS OPERATION: An MPLS network consists of a set of nodes called label switched routers, capable of switching and routing packets on the basis of which a label has been combined to each packet, Labels define a flow of packets between 2 end points. In the case of multicast ,between a source endpoint and a multicast group of destination end point

LABEL STACKING: The important features of MPLS is label switching A labeled packet may carry a number of labela, organized as a last in first out stack. Processing is always based on a top label. Label stacking provides considerable flexibility It aggregates multiple flows of its own traffic before handling it to an access provider.