create jobs in rural areas (to oppose migrations to over-populated cities);

maximize employment by keeping unit investment low; support relatively simple production methods (to use local knowledge and avoid expensive training periods); make use of local raw materials to produce goods that were actually in demand on local markets; make use of decentralized, renewable energy resources whenever possible; promote collective work and political action; promote education for self-sufficiency in developing, using, and managing ! projects; support the sharing of knowledge, resources, and skills outside of import, patent, and royalty systems; and, have a benign or no effect on local, natural ecologies ("arrow # $am, %&'%, p( %%; )chumacher, %&**)(

+ntentional communities or villages are defined as a relatively small group of people (i(e(, ,--.--) unified by a common ethic and commitments to biological preservation and land conservation, mutual enrichment, and economic interdependence through support structures such as local currency and trade, public services, and shared capital (/ollison, %&&-, pp( .%&..*)( !his idea is based, for example, on models of aboriginal, frican, 0ast +ndian villages as well as old cities like 1lorence and 2ienna( +ntentional villages can be located within any number of areas including cities or suburbs, isolated regions, or adjoined to existing villages( n ethic for appropriate resource use and voluntary simplicity typically includes commitments to3

%( reduce needs to earn by developing food, energy, and shelter; 4( earn and trade within the village as much as possible; ,( produce a surplus from services for outreach potential; 5( provide as many of non-material needs to villagers as possible (e(g(, child care, education, entertainment,
recreation, work);

.( cooperate and participate in various enterprises; 6( provide access to tools(

7ommitments to energy, land, and water conservation tend to be strong with bases on ! practices which are consistent with )chumacher8s principles( $roperty trusts, created and governed by villagers investing varied amounts of money, are used to manage and purchase land for ethical reasons (e(g(, protection, reclamation, rehabilitation, sustainable energy maintenance)( +nvestors are given opportunities to design recreational areas, do site work, hold leases, or provide supplies for various duties( !his is one way in which money and services are kept within the village system( 9hile a locally created currency supports an internal system of exchange, income generated through outside services is useful for replacing degenerative (e(g(, tools, vehicles) with generative assets, investing in procreative (e(g(, trees, wildlife), informational (e(g(, books, seeds), or conservative (e(g(, dams, insulation, strategic forests) assets( /oney is also useful for exchanges outside the village to secure (buy or rent) assets and goods which cannot be accessed within the village( 0thical investment involving money, time, and work is used for assisting in conservation and reduction of waste; building energy conserving buildings; founding ventures; growing organic food; producing clean transport and energy systems; and producing durable, useful products( 0thical investments within intentional villages support :good work(;