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Social Impact Assessment (SIA) of Cyclone Shelter Center: A case study on 16 Charboyra Naldoani Government Primary School, Dumki,

Patuakhali Abstract
Bangladesh is a disaster prone country. Each and every year different natural and anthropogenic disasters causes widespread losses of human lives, properties and environmental degradation. The southern part of Bangladesh very much vulnerable to different natural disaster among them cyclone and cyclone driven storm surge is a prominent one. Cyclone causes immense losses of lives and properties in every year in the southern part of Bangladesh. There are different structural and nonstructural mitigation measures to reduce the loss caused by cyclone. Cyclone shelter center is one important structural measure to reduce cyclone originated loss. Social impact assessment (SIA) is the assessment of the likely impacts of a development activity on the society and their life style and socio-economic status. SIA helps to identify and measured not only the social impacts and how to manage but also provide the way that the positive externalities are magnified and the negative impacts are minimized[2]. This study is conducted to identify the probable social impact of 16 Charboyra Noldoani Government Primary School cum cyclone center situated at the Dumki Upazila under Patuakahli District. This study is conducted on the basis of different primary and secondary data available regarding the study area. This study reveals that above mentioned school cum cyclone shelter serves a lot to the villagers in different ways and it will contribute a lot to change the socioeconomic status of the area. Proper management and maintenance of the cyclone center can reduce the live loss and properties damage of the study areas people.

Introduction
Bangladesh is a disaster prone county; in particular the southern part of Bangladesh is very much vulnerable to different devastating disasters. Among different disasters, cyclone is a very frequent natural disaster in the region. The study area, Chorboyra Noldoani is very much vulnerable to cyclone disaster. There are lots of structural measures to reduce the losses of cyclones; school cum cyclone center is one of the prominent measure find in the study area. This type of structural interventions has different social impacts. Social impact is the
Figure 1: Different types of Cyclone Centre in Bangladesh[1]

probable impact of any development intervention on the people, there living status, socio-cultural and socio-economic perspective. Cyclone center cum school is very common in Bangladesh. This study is conducted to find out the social impact of cyclone center cum school and to fulfill objective we had chosen 16 Charboyra Naldoani Government Primary School as our study site. This study is mainly on the identification of the probable social impact in the long and short term perspective. There is no identification of any mitigation measures to those negative impacts.

Figure 2: Different Types of Cyclone Shelter in Bangladesh [1]

Objective
The prime objective of this study is to explore the probable social impact of the newly build 16 Charboyra Naldoani Government Primary School cum cyclone center, in particular to identify the socio-economic and socio-cultural impacts.

Methodology
This study is carried out on the data collected from the study area and secondary data from various institutes. The probable social impacts are identified and then quantifying those impacts on the common base and people perception regarding the cyclone center. The primary data was collected through the interview with different groups of peoples. The secondary data for the preparation of the report were collected from BBS, Union Parisad office, LGED, and other related departments.

Result and Discussion


Results and discussion part of this study contains the different aspects of the cyclone shelter of the study area, in particular the social impact in terms of both positive and negative.

Figure 3: Model of a Cyclone Center

Study area: The area is Chorboyra Naldoani under Sreerampur union at Dumki Upazila in Patuakhali district. The area is in the eastern part of the Upazila headquarters and three kilometer away. The total area of the area is 838 acres and the total population size is more than 18,227[3]. The study area is experienced the devastation of many cyclones in past most prominently the devastating cyclone SIDR in 2007 claimed huge losses in the area. The 16 Charboyra Naldoani Government Primary School serves as a cyclone shelter place during the disaster. The shelter is constructed in 2011 after the devastating cyclone SIDR and it is implemented by the Local Government Engineering Department Figure 4 : Study area is indicated by red circle in the Dumki Upazila map (LGED). 3

This study identified different significant social impacts of the cyclone shelter. Some significant impacts of cyclone shelter center are discussed in below: Land acquisition and land use change: The construction of the school cum cyclone shelter secured more than 30 decimal lands. The land was previously used as agricultural purposes. Due to construction work of cyclone center cum school the land use pattern are being totally changed. Agricultural production loss: Since before the construction of the structure the land was used as agricultural purposes, it is decrease the gross agriculture production in some extend. The people

Figure 5 : School cum Cyclone Shelter in the study area

depend on this land certainly face some sort of economic problem. Conflict and dispute: Construction of a new structure and selection of the site in the most cases leads the conflict arise among different stakeholders groups. Sometimes this conflict and dispute extent the limits of controls and leads to violent conflict. The case was different in the study area; field visit survey reveals that there was no such issue with this construction. Deforestation: There were huge pressure on the roadside vegetation and many trees were cutting down to ensure the construction of the project. Pollution: Pollution was not found as a big threat for this project. Some sort of pollution mainly air pollution was taken place during the construction of the building. Habitat loss: Habitat loss mainly covers the different flora and fauna living in the both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem but there actual number was unidentified and there was not found any rare or endanger species in the study area.

Resettlement: Resettlement is very much common for any development project completion .This project was not different from that perspective, during the field visit and discussion with the people it is found that three families were resettle other to ensure the completion of the project. Some of the significant positive outcomes of the project are mentioned as follow: Despite some negative social and environmental impacts the project has bring some significant positive impacts in the project area as well. Education facility development: The cyclone cum school promotes the education facilities in the study area and it positively contribute to ensure the primary education for all children. Adjacent road construction: It is important to establish good communication network between the cyclone center and the surrounding areas. Due to the construction of this shelter it is expected that the surrounding road connectivity will significantly improve in long run. Load disbursement center: The shelter has the provision to be used as a loan disbursement center with proper facilities, which can contribute the development of the socio-economic condition of the area. Electricity facility: Electricity facility was not common in the area before the construction of the center, its construction accelerate the electrification system in the study area. Community center: The center may use beside the school operation as community center or other type community purposive activity like Union Parisad office or community meeting place. Social a forestation program development: Social afforestation program can be implemented in the surrounding areas and in the newly constructed road areas. Temporary employment: The construction of the building facilitates the temporary employment opportunity for the people of the study area. Socio-economic change: The center contributes hugely to bring a positive change in the socioeconomic point of view for the area. The center can be used as the temporary health care system during different emergencies which will facilitates health service for the poor people. Again the center will improve the sanitation facilities of the area since the project includes the installation of tube well that will facilitates the safe drinking water facilities for people and students of the area.

Conclusion
This study finds that the cyclone cum school make a great positive contribution in terms of socioeconomic development of the area. The effective and participatory role playing of the cyclone maintenance committee will further enhance it facilities in particular make it more usable in the time of disasters.

References
1. 2. 3. Md.Shamsuzzoha. Cyclone Shelter Management: A Survey on Cyclone SIDR Victim of Bangladesh. in Breaking the Mould. 2012. Calman Learning Centre Durham University, UK. Misra, V., Social Impact Assessment Methodology, 2004, Centre of Good Governance. Population and Housing Census 2011, 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics: Ministry of Planning, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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