Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Introduction General Setup Border and Title Block Drafting the Foundation Plan (Plate 1) Drafting the South Elevation (Plate 2) Drafting Section A (Plate 3) Drafting Section B (Plate 4) Drafting Details C, C1, and C2 (Plate 5) Drafting Connection Details D, D1, F, F1 (Plate 6) Drafting Foundation Details E and E1 (Plate 7) Inspecting Your Work
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INTRODUCTION
For this project, youll prepare a partial set of structural drawing using AutoCAD. Essentially, structural drafting is a mix of mechanical and architectural drawing methods. In general, however, the specific drafting techniques used in structural drafting are the same as those used in mechanical drafting. With this project, youll put into practice this special combination of mechanical and architectural methods. Youll create drawings that would typically be involved in planning and constructing a small storage building. A foundation plan, an elevation, two sections, and several details will be drafted as parts of seven different drawings for the structural steel building. The information you need to create each of these drawings will be given in this booklet. However, realize that some of the information you may need to draft a particular drawing or detail may be given in descriptions of other parts of the building. Therefore, you should read all the instructions before you actually begin drawing. Your job in this project is to use your drafting skills to clearly and completely reveal in the seven drawingsall the verbal information presented here about the buildings construction. You wont need to print or plot your drawing. When youre finished with the project, youll submit the cover sheet at the back of this booklet and a disk containing the electronic data file for grading.
Your drawings will be for a two-story storage building with a flat roof. The roof is sloped so rainwater drains toward the buildings center. The sides of the roof are about 25 to 30 higher than the roofs surface. The only opening into the building youll be dealing with is a large sliding glass door on the first floor. The drawings will be drafted according to the instructions listed here.
GENERAL SETUP
Use the AutoCAD settings listed here when specifying your units and style. 1. Units. Set the architectural units to 64ths. Use surveyors units for the system of angle measurement. Style. Use ROMANS style with ROMANS font. Use 0.00 as text height and 1.00 as text width. Default through the remaining style settings.
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Use the information listed here when setting up your layers. 1. One of the best habits you can develop when using AutoCAD is that of carefully defining your layers. The layer names should be descriptive, and the color and linetype of all your entities should be assigned by layer. Thus, if one of your layers is named Concrete, and that layer is assigned the color yellow, than any entity drawn on that layer will be yellow. If you want to make all Concrete entities red, you can simply change the color in the Layer Control dialogue box to red. On the other hand, if youve drawn a circle on the red Concrete layer but have assigned that circle the color green, to change the circle to a different color, you must actually change the color property of the circle to Bylayer. Developing the habit of assigning color and linetype by layer and using only descriptive layer names will help you keep the elements of your drawings standard. In addition, if you decide to exchange drawing files with drafters in other firms, the drafters will be able to easily change layer
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colors for plotting with their own plotters. Exchanging drawing files in this way is a common practice. Some government bureaus, for instance, may require copies of your electronic files when issuing building, sewer, or electrical permits. 2. Well tell you what layers to use with the foundation plan (Plate 1) of this project. For the remainder of the drawings, you must create your own layers using the recommendations just described. Assign colors to the layers using the guidelines listed in Table 1.
Table 1 LAYERS
Use this Layer Color Red Yellow Green Cyan Linetype Thin Medium Thin Medium Thick Thick
Notes: 1. Use thin lines for any small details, hidden lines, and very small text 2. Use medium thin lines for the normal outlines of objects and for normal text. 3. Use medium thick lines for any outlines to be emphasized and for large text. 4. Use thick lines for outlining the title block and for drawing the plate's outer border.
Not all of the drawings in this project will have the same scale (for plotting), even though theyll all be drawn using actual measurements. The same border will be used for all your drawings; it can simply be scaled up to the proper size for each of them. Draw the border at a scale of 1 = 1 using the instructions listed here. 1. Draw the outside trim line using a polyline. Draw it on Layer Hidden, assigning this layer a red color and a hidden linetype. Make the dimensions for the trim line 11 high and 17 wide. Draw a solid polyline border 1/2 inside the trim line. Draw it on Layer Border, assigning the layer a cyan color and a continuous linetype. As an alternative, you can OFFSET the trim line 1/2 and use CHPROP to change the new polyline to Layer Border. Box out the title block by drawing a line 1 from the borders right side. Draw it on Layer Border2, assigning this layer a green color and a continuous linetype. As an alternative, you could OFFSET the border line 1, use CHPROP to change the new polyline to Layer Border2, EXPLODE the polyline, ERASE the top, and EXTEND the line to the cyan border. Figure 1 shows how the title block will be divided into different sections. The line youve just drawn is the top horizontal line in the figure, the line above the XXX where each plates title will later be keyed in. Draw a line 1/4 away from the last line you drew. Draw it on Layer Border2. (In Figure 1, this is the line running under the XXX that holds the place for the title.) As an alternative to actually drawing this new line, you could simply OFFSET the last line drawn.
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FIGURE 1When oriented so the text in the block is running from left to right, your title block will look similar to this. Fill in the information that will stay the same on each plate, and use XXX to hold the place for any information that will change from plate to plate.
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Create a Layer Text-Med, assigning it a yellow color and a continuous linetype. Find the exact center of the area formed between the last two lines drawn. (The dimensions of this area are 10 1/4.) Make text in this area using the DTEXT command, the Justify option, and the Middle option. Make the text 5/32 high with a north rotation angle. Type the letters XXX for your text. Youll be using this same border for the different drawings; therefore, youll later need to change this text to each plates actual title. In the right corner of your title block, inside the cyan lines, make a square thats 3/4 on each side. The new line you need to draw to complete this square should be on Layer Border2. Type the text PLATE in the left corner of this square. Use the standard setting, and make the text left justified. The text should be 5/64 high with a north rotation angle. Put this text on Layer Text-Med. Create a layer named Text-Large with a green color and a continuous linetype. In the middle of the square, prepare to type in some middle-justified text 3/16 high with a north rotation angle. Type XXX in the middle of the square. (Youll change this text later to each plate number.) In your title block, section off the boxes containing the student number and scale. You could OFFSET a side of the plate-number box 2 1/16 farther into the title block. Youll then have created an area thats 3/ 2 1/ . Draw a line to divide this area in half 4 16 and so create two areas, each 3/8 2 1/16. With ORTHO on, copy the text PLATE into the area for your student number. Using DDEDIT, change the text to STUDENT NO. You can also quickly copy PLATE to the new location by using the ENDPOINT snap. With ORTHO on, copy the text STUDENT NO. to the area in the box that youll use to show the drawings scale. Using DDEDIT, change the text to SCALE:.
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Type XXX into the scale box youve just created. Use the standard setting and make the text left justified. The text should be 3/32 high with a north rotation angle. Put this text on Layer Text-Med. You can later change this text to the scale for each plate. With ORTHO on, copy the text XXX to the box for your student number. Use DDEDIT to change the new text to your actual student number. one side of the 3/4 square 4 11/32 toward the middle of the title block. Doing so creates the box for the program, title, and date. Create a layer named Text-Small with a red color and a continuous linetype. Using this layer, draw a line thats 9/64 away from the cyan border. Make the length of this line fit appropriately within the area. OFFSET this line 3/16 away, and OFFSET the new line another 3/16 away. These three lines are for the date, project title, and program name. You should have 15/64 between the line for the program name and the green Border2 line running under the drawing title.
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Copy the text STUDENT NO. to the last red line you created. Edit the text to PROGRAM. Using the Multiple option, copy PROGRAM to the other two red lines. Edit the text on the middle line to TITLE and the text on the other line to DATE as shown in Figure 1. Copy your student number to the program line. (This text, on layer Text-Med, should be 3/32 high with a north rotation angle. Use the LIST command to ensure the text has these features.) Change the text to read AutoCAD DRAFTING. Using the Multiple option, copy AutoCAD DRAFTING to the other two red lines. Change the text on the middle red line to PROJECT 5, and change the text on the other line to XXX. You can change this text to the actual date when you complete your drawings.
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With ORTHO on, copy the nine entities youve just createdPROGRAM, TITLE, DATE, AutoCAD DRAFTING, PROJECT 5, XXX, and the three red linesto the area left in the title block. This area measures 3/4 4 29/32. Edit the copied text as indicated in Table 2.
Table 2 COMPLETING THE TITLE BLOCK
Copied Text PROGRAM TITLE DATE AutoCAD DRAFTING PROJECT 5 XXX Change to DRAWN BY ADDRESS CITY Your name Your address Your city
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With ORTHO on and using the Multiple copy option, copy the text CITY twice up along the line. Change the first copy of CITY to STATE, and change the other copy to ZIP. Use the WBLOCK command to block the title block and the plates border, naming it Titleblk. Now you can use the title block for each of your drawings.
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bottom flanges of the girders. Theres a 1 gap from the web of the girder to the end of the channel. Put these channel beams on layer C9 20, with a yellow color and a continuous linetype. Each channel beam is bolted to the girder with a 1/2 thick angle. Each leg of the angle is 4, and the angle is 6 wide. There are two angles used for each channel beam, one at either end of the channel. The angle is bolted to the backside of the channel using two 5/8 bolts that are 2 1/2 long. Each bolt is positioned 1 1/2 away from the end of the angle as well as 1 1/2 away from the nearest side of the angle. Two more bolts with the same dimensions fasten the other leg of the angle to the web of the girder. These other two bolts are also positioned 1 1/2 away from the end of the angle as well as 1 1/2 away from the nearest side of the angle. The drawing would be plotted at a scale that will result in a finished 11 17 plot. You can figure out an appropriate plotting scale by first inserting you Titleblk border into the drawing. 1. 2. Insert the block at a scale of 1 = 1. Instead of extension lines, draw centerlines up from the five I-beams at the top of your drawing. From the four I-beams on the left of the drawing, again draw centerlines instead of extension lines. Mark off with a bubble each of the nine centerlines youve extended out from the structure. At the top of the drawing, number the bubbles, from left to right, 1 through 5. At the left of the drawing, letter the bubbles, from top to bottom, A through D. Make the circle for each bubble and the text inside an appropriate size. In a way similar to whats shown in Figure 21-20b (page 10 in Structural Drafting with Basic Architectural Applications), give the dimensions for the width and depth of the bays. For these dimensions, place your dimension lines between the perimeter of the structure and the numbered and lettered bubbles. Past the bubbles, place another set of dimension lines to show the width and depth of the entire structure.
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Show two cutting plane symbols similar to the one shown as Option 3 in Figure 21-5 (page 4 in Structural Drafting with Basic Architectural Applications). The first sections letter is A, the sheet that locates the section is 1, and the sheet where the drawing of the section is shown is 3. Make the circle for the symbol and the text an appropriate height. Place the symbol so that it points to the top of your drawing, and place it between rows B and C. Show the section line cutting through the entire building. The letter for the second section is B, the sheet that locates the section is 1, and the sheet where the drawing of the section is shown is 4. Copy the symbols you created for Section A, editing appropriately. Place the new symbol so that it points to the left, and place it between columns 2 and 3. Show the section line cutting through the entire building. Place a north arrow at the bottom of your drawing so that it indicates the long side of the building (which will be at the top of the sheet) as the north elevation. Angle the north arrow slightly at a direction of N12140E. Next to the north arrow, create the underlined text FOUNDATION PLAN. Put the text on layer TextLarge, with a green color and a continuous linetype.
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After youve scaled the title block and placed it around the drawing, EXPLODE the block and edit the appropriate text. 1. 2. 3. Title this drawing FOUNDATION PLAN. Fill in the scale. Change the plate number to 1.
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A steel plate is centered over each footing at the top of the first-floor concrete slab. The plate is 14 14 1/2. The W12 152 steel column is welded to the plate. The weld is a 1/2 fillet weld. An example of how such a weld would look in a simple joint is shown here in Figure 2. The weld symbolas it should also appear in a detail of the joint on your drawingconsists of an arrow, two triangular fillets, and the size designation. Note that the triangular shape appears on both sides of the horizontal line. The use of two triangles on the symbol indicates that the weld is made on the arrow side of the joint as well as on the opposite side. If the required weld were only on the arrow side of the joint, the triangle would appear on only the bottom part of the horizontal line.
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FIGURE 2Use a weld symbol like the one shown here on your detail of the connection between the steel column and the foundation.
1/2 LEG
1/2 LEG
The plates are bolted to the concrete slab with two anchor bolts that are each 1 1/2 in diameter and 18 long. The bolts project out of the concrete slab 3 1/2. The bottom 4 segment of the bolt is bent horizontal, pointing toward the center of the building. The center of the bolt is 8 from the outside wall. The callout for these bolts is listed here. (2) 1-1/2 18 STD. AB. W/3-1/2 PROJ. @ EA. COL. Metal siding (26 gage) is installed on both the outside and the inside of the building. The shape of the siding is similar to the steel deck shown in Figure 21-12 (page 6 in Structural Drafting with Basic Architectural Applications). The vertical dimension from the bottom, or trough, of the siding to the sidings top, or crest, is 1 1/2. The slope of the angled portions is 60 from horizontal.
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The length of each horizontal section is 2, and the metal is 1/4 thick. The clear distance from the first floor to the bottom of the first-floor ceiling is 10. The clear distance from the second floor to the bottom of the second-floor ceiling is 8. The distance from the first floor to the top of the building is 22-7. A supply entrance to the lower floor is on the buildings south side. Its a sliding glass door centered between columns 3 and 4. The rough opening for the door is 12 wide and 8 high. Above the rough openings is a steel I-beam header, W10 45. The header is placed so that the flanges are horizontal and the web is vertical. The height of the header is 10 1/8. Several components of the building were described in this section of your project booklet. Youll use some of the information when drafting details later on. For your drawing of the buildings south elevation, however, label only the items listed here, complete with their various size descriptions (such as 26 gage or the items dimensions and so forth). 1. 2. 3. 4. Door header 6 8 sliding door, (The word sliding can be abbreviated SLD.) Siding Elevations of finish grade, first floor, and second floor. (The word elevation can be abbreviated ELEV.)
In your drawing, remember to show the concrete footings, the steel columns, and the southern roofline as hidden lines. Use texture lines to show the siding in small patches only. Filling in the entire surface with texture lines on a drawing is unnecessary and can be visually distracting. Doing so may also conceal features that are shown only in that particular view. Show a line for the finish grade. Show a patch of earth below the finish grade. (Refer to Figure 21-59 on page 31 of Structural Drafting with Basic Architectural Applications.)
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After youve scaled the title block and placed it around the drawing, EXPLODE the block and edit the appropriate text. 1. 2. 3. Title this drawing SOUTH ELEVATION. Fill in the scale. Change the plate number to 2.
ceiling tiles.
The roof is also made up of a steel deck system. The top of the concrete slab, however, slopes toward the roof drain at a rate of 1/8 every 1-0. A roof drain is positioned between columns 2 and 3 and between rows A and B. The drain is similar to the one shown in the second part of Figure 21-56 (page 6 in Structural Drafting with Basic Architectural Applications). Estimate the dimensions of the roof drain, and include the note ROOF DRAIN, SEE MECHANICAL DETAILS on your drawing.
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Welded wire fabric is part of the steel deck system for the roof. The wires are #12 gage, and the spacing is 6 on center. To see how welded wire fabric can be indicated on a drawing, look at Figure 21-8 (page 5 in Structural Drafting with Basic Architectural Applications). Theres a 3 clearance from the edge of the wire fabric to the wall and a 3 clearance from the wire fabric to the bottom of the steel deck system. The outside walls of the building continue up beyond the roof, creating a short wall around the roof area. The top of the wall is capped with a 14 wide steel plate welded to the top end of the steel column. The weld is a 1/2 fillet weld. The 14 wide steel plate is 1 1/2 thick at its exterior edge and slopes toward the building interior at a rate of 1/ every 1-0. 4 Flashing is installed over the plate and is sloped toward the building interior. The flashing is 1/4 thick and extends down the side of the walls approximately 8. Several details are circled on this view. The details are shown at a larger scale on other drafting plates. When indicating the details, circle the area to be shown and attach a detail bubblesimilar to the cutting plane bubble but without the arrow. (Refer again to Option 3 in Figure 21-5 on page 4 of your Structural Drafting study unit.) The first detail is the Roof Detail at the buildings easternmost side. Letter this Detail C, and show it on Plate 5. The next detail is the second-floor connection at B4. Letter this Detail D, and show it on Plate 6. The next detail is the footing and first-floor connection at the buildings easternmost side. Letter this Detail E, and show it on Plate 7. Label the elevations as well as the vertical dimensions. After youve scaled the title block and placed it around the drawing, EXPLODE the block and edit the appropriate text. 1. 2. 3. Title this drawing SECTION A. Fill in the scale. Change the plate number to 3.
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For the Roof Detail, which is labeled C, indicate the items listed here, along with their size descriptions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Poured-in-place concrete slab, sloped 1-0 toward the roof interior Welded wire fabric Ceiling tiles C9 20 beam Steel decking Metal siding Steel column
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For the Cap Detail, which is labeled C1, indicate the items listed here, along with their size descriptions. 1. 2. Flashing 14 wide steel plate
For the Connection Detail, which is labeled C2, indicate the items listed here, along with their size descriptions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Interior metal siding Exterior metal siding The angle Width of the angle Bolts Measurements for the placement of the bolts Clearance of the beam from the girder Clearance of the welded wire fabric from the edge of the concrete Clearance of the welded wire fabric from the top of the beam
Arrange the three details into the space available within the frame that contains your title block. Ensure the details are spaced appropriately and that the entire drawing is easy to read.
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When youre satisfied with the placement of the details and callouts, EXPLODE the block and edit the appropriate text. 1. 2. 3. Title this drawing ROOF DETAILS. Designate the scale as VARIES. Change the plate number to 5.
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For Connection Detail D1, indicate the items listed here, along with their size descriptions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Clearance of rebar to top of beam Beam Girder The angle Width of the angle Bolts Placement of the bolts Clearance of the beam from the girder
For Connection Detail F, indicate the items listed here, along with their size descriptions. 1. 2. 3. Concrete slab Rebar Ceiling tiles
For Connection Detail F1, indicate the items listed here, along with their size descriptions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Beam Decking Girder Clearance of the rebar from the girder The angle Width of the angle Bolts Placement of the bolts
Arrange the four details into the space available within the frame that contains your title block. Ensure the details are spaced appropriately and that the entire drawing is easy to read.
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When youre satisfied with the placement of the details and callouts, EXPLODE the block and edit the appropriate text. 1. 2. 3. Title this drawing CONNECTION DETAILS. Designate the scale as VARIES. Change the plate number to 6.
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11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
Keyway Rebar in footing Dimensions of rebar in footing Clearances of rebar in footing The 4 drain Clearances for the 4 drain Rebar in pillar Clearances of rebar in pillar Dimensions of the pillar Distance from the top of the footing to the first floor Distance from the top of the footing to 45 angle Distance from 45 angle to bottom of concrete slab
For Connection Detail E1, indicate the items listed here, along with their size descriptions. 1. Steel column 2. Metal siding 3. Anchor bolt 4. Plate 5. Weld symbol 6. First floor 7. Finish grade 8. Distance finish grade to first floor 9. Distance from center of anchor bolt to exterior edge if concrete 10. Distance from center of anchor bolt to end of anchor bolt. Note that this anchor bolt is bent horizontal near its end.
Arrange the two details into the space available within the frame that contains your title block. Ensure the details are spaced appropriately and that the entire drawing is easy to read.
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When youre satisfied with the placement of the details and the callouts, EXPLODE the block and edit the appropriate text. 1. 2. 3. Title the drawing FOUNDATION DETAILS. Designate the scale as VARIES. Change the plate number to 7.
Make sure your name and student number appear on the disk label and on the cover sheet.
When you feel confident that your work is complete, save the drawing file to a floppy disk. Submit this disk and your cover sheet for grading your work. Send in this material as soon as you complete the project. Dont wait until your work on the next project is finished.
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05404000
Project Booklet
Cut Along This Line.
PLEASE FOLD THIS COVER SHEET INTO THE DISK MAILER WITH YOUR DISK CONTAINING YOUR COMPLETED DRAWING FILE. ALSO, BE SURE TO WRITE YOUR NAME AND STUDENT NUMBER ON THE DISK LABEL AND IN THE SPACES PROVIDED ON THIS COVER SHEET. MAIL YOUR COMPLETED PROJECT TO Penn Foster Student Service Center 925 Oak Street Scranton, PA 18515