Solution Manuel For Analysis of Mechanical Components

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition
RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
Chapter 1
1-1*
From a free-body diagram of the forearm,
the equilibrium equations give
Fy
MF
0:
0:
F W
20 0
1.5T 5.5W 11.5 20
T 3.667W 153.33 lb ............................... Ans.

F 2.667W 133.33 lb ............................... Ans.
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1-2*
From a free-body diagram of the ring, the equations of equilibrium
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
T2 cos10
T1 cos10
T2 sin10
T1 sin10
175 9.81
are solved to get
T1
5.67128T2
T1 1799 N .............................................................................. Ans.

T2
317 N ................................................................................ Ans.
T3 175 9.81
1717 N ....................................................... Ans.
1-3
The equations of equilibrium
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
N A sin 30
N A cos 30
N B sin 30
N B cos 30
800 0
are solved to get
NA
NB
NA
462 lb
60 ................................................................ Ans.
NB
462 lb
60 ................................................................ Ans.
1-4*
Fx
Fy
MA
Ax
0:
0:
0:
Ay
N B sin 45o
N B cos 45o 300 0
1.5 N B cos 45o
1.5 300
are solved to get
NB
424.264 N
Ax
300 N
300 N
424 N
Ay
45............................. Ans.
0N
........................................................ Ans.
1-5
Fx
Fy
MA
0:
Ax
Ay
0:
0:
250 0
M A 3 250
are solved to get
Ax
0 lb
250 lb
MA
750 lb ft
Ay
250 lb
.....................................................Ans.
.................................................Ans.
1-6
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium
Fx
Fy
MA
0:
0:
0:
Ax
Ay 10 15 N F
9NF
3 10
6 15
are solved to get
Ax
0 kN
Ay
11.6667 kN
NF
13.3333 kN
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section of the truss,
the equations of equilibrium
MC
0:
MD
0:
Fy
0:
3 13.3333
3TBC 3 15
3TDE
6 13.3333
13.3333 15 TCD cos 45o
are solved to get
TDE
13.33 kN (T) ............................................................................................................ Ans.
TBC
11.67 kN 11.67 kN (C) .................................................................................. Ans.
TCD
2.36 kN
2.36 kN (C) ...................................................................................... Ans.
1-7*
MA
Z
Fx
0:
27 N F 13 33cos15
NF
14.93561 lb 14.94 lb
0:
Fy
NR
0:
NR
24.1 lb
NF
75 ............. Ans.
P cos 30
P 10.46005 lb 10.46 lb
^
4 35sin15
35sin15
15 ................ Ans.
P sin 30
35cos15
75 .......................................... Ans.
1-8
Fy
0:
P 4060 5210 0
P 1150 N .......................................................................................Ans.
MA
0:
C 16 4060
257, 730 N mm
37 5210
258 N m ...............................................Ans.
1-9*
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium
Fx
Fy
MA
0:
0:
0:
Ax
Ay 10 20 N E
45 N E 15 10
30 20
are solved to get
Ax
0 kip
Ay
13.3333 kip
NE
16.6667 kip
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section

of the truss, the equations of equilibrium
MF
0:
ME
0:
MC
0:
15 N E 15 TDE sin 30
15 20
22.5 N E
7.5 20
15 TCF sin 60
15cos 30 TFG
are solved to get
TCD
33.3333 kip 33.3 kip (C) ............................................................................... Ans.
TCF
23.094 kip
TFG
17.32 kip 17.32 kip (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
23.1 kip (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
1-10*
Fx
2000 9.81
0:
MA
0:
Fy
0:
P
19, 620 N
P W sin 30
2 W sin 30
NR
2 W cos 30
N F W cos 30
9810 N 9.81 kN
0
3 N F 1P
30 ............................... Ans.
NR
8933.806 N 8.93 kN
60 .................... Ans.
NF
8057.612 N 8.06 kN
60 ................... Ans.
1-11
From a free-body diagram of the brake pedal, the equilibrium
equations are solved to get the forces
MA
Q
Fx
Ax
Fy
0:
5.5Q
11
30sin 30
62.871 lb
0:
Ax Q 30 cos 30
36.890 lb
0:
Ay
30 cos 30
Ay 30sin 30
15.00 lb
A 39.8 lb
Q 62.9 lb
22.13 ........................................................... Ans.

........................................................................ Ans.
1-12*
From a free-body diagram of the beam, the equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces and moment
Fx
Fy
0:
Ax
Ay
2 0
MA 2 4
3 0
0:
Ay
MA
2 kN
0:
M A 11 kN m
A 2 kN ................................................................................................................................ Ans.
M A 11 kN m ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
1-13
From a free-body diagram of the beam, the equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces
Fx
0:
Ax
MA
0:
15 B 3 500
9 700
6 800
12 400
B 1160 lb
Fy
0:
Ay
Ay
B 500 800 700 400 0
1240 lb
A 1240 lb
........................................................................................................................... Ans.
B 1160 lb
............................................................................................................................ Ans.
1-14
450 9.81
4414.50 N
From a free-body diagram of the lower pulley,

vertical equilibrium equation gives the tension
Fy
2T1 4414.50 0
0:
T1
2207.25 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the upper pulley,

moment equilibrium equation gives the force F
M axle
F
0:
100T1 90T1 100 F
221 N ............................................................................................................................... Ans.
1-15*
From a free-body diagram of the bracket, the equilibrium equations
MA
0:
18 B
Fx
0:
Ax
Fy
0:
12 10 2 12 3
B
Ay
0
12 10 2
Are solved to get the forces
B 13.333 lb
Ax
13.333 lb
A 61.464 lb
B 13.33 lb
Ay
61.5 lb
60.0 lb
77.47 ..................................... Ans.
....................................................................... Ans.
1-16
(a) From a free-body diagram of the plane, the force
equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
40 cos 70
70 cos16
N 40sin 70
70sin16
V 81.0 N .........................................Ans.
N 56.882 N 56.9 N .................Ans.
(b)
Then the moment equilibrium equation gives

the required location of the normal force
MA
0:
70 cos16
75
40 cos 70
70sin16
60
280
40sin 70
Nd
60
d 31.5 mm
31.5 mm (from the left end of plane) ....................................................................... Ans.
1-17*
MA
0:
1.25 N D 9 25
ND
Fx
Fy
180.0 lb ....................................Ans.
0:
Ax
N D sin 38
25 N D cos 38
0:
Ay
Ax
110.8 lb
200.3 lb
Ay
166.8 lb
56.4 ................................................................... Ans.
1-18*
From a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
moment equilibrium gives
Fx
0:
Fy
FA cos
FA sin
0:
MB
0:
93 100
100 By
28 FA sin
5 FA cos
788.136 N
Bx
30
30.964
50
919.116 N
tan
FA
Bx
372.881 N
By
Then a free body diagram of the upper jaw gives
0:
MC
d
Fd 12 By 35 Bx
352 152
38.0789 mm
Therefore
F 842 N
F 842 N
66.8 on the jaw

66.8 on the block.......................................................................................... Ans.
1-19
Use W 3750 lb (the weight carried by one truss). Then by symmetry (or from equilibrium of a free-body
diagram of the entire truss) each support carries half of the total weight
Ey
W 2 1875 lb
Ay
Also by symmetry (or equilibrium of a free-body diagram of the truck), the trucks weight is divided equally
between its front and rear wheels.
NF
NR
W 2 1875 lb
Then equilibrium of the floor panel between pins G and H gives
0:
MH
750 lb
G1
MG
10G1 4 1875
0:
6 1875
10 H1
H1 1125 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of a section of the left side of the truss
tan
MB
0:
TGH
MG
0:
TBC
Fy
0:
TBG
5
10
26.565
8TGH
tan
5 1875
8
10
38.660
1171.875 lb
15 1875
8 TBC cos
10 TBC sin
10 1125
1451.295 lb 1451 lb (C) ............................................. Ans.

1875 TBC sin
TBG sin
1125 0
161.6 lb 161.6 lb (T) ................................................... Ans.
Finally, from a free-body diagram of pin C
Fx
Fy
0:
TCD cos
TBC cos
TCD sin
0:
TBC sin
TCD
1451.295 lb
TCG
1298 lb 1298 lb (T) ...................................................... Ans.
TCG
1-20*
Cut a section through CD, DG, and FG, and draw a free-body diagram
of the upper-portion of the truss. The equilibrium equations give
MG
0:
5cos 30
MD
0:
5cos 30
5sin 30
TFG 3
TCD 3
TCD
9.66 kN 9.66 kN (C) ................... Ans.
TFG
8.66 kN (T) .......................................... Ans.
1-21
A free-body diagram of cylinder A gives
Fx
Fy
0:
N AB cos 60
N AB sin 60
0:
N AB
N AC
N AC cos 60
N AC sin 60
100 0
57.73503 lb
Then, from a free-body diagram of cylinder B
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
B sin
N AB cos 60
B cos
N AB sin 60
The minimum force occurs when N BC
B sin
B cos
tan
N BC
200 0
0 , therefore
N AB cos 60
N AB sin 60 200
6.59 ........................................................................................... Ans.
1-22
250 9.81
2452.50 N
From a free-body diagram of the pulley
Fx
0:
Fy
T cos
T sin
0:
T sin
T cos
2452.50 0
From the geometry of the cable
a b
42 m
a b cos
cos
40 m
40
17.7528
42
Also from the geometry of the cable
a sin
6 b sin
Therefore
a b
6 sin
19.67789 m
which together with a
a
x
T
b 42 m gives
30.83895 m
b 11.16105 m
a cos
29.4 m ...................................................................... Ans.
4020 N ...................................................................................... Ans.
1-23*
Max pull occurs when either the rear wheels begin to slip B
ground Ay
MB
0.8By or when the front wheels start to lift off the
0 . The force which makes the front wheels lift off of the ground is
0:
8 15, 000
5 P cos 30
10 P sin 30
P 12,862 lb 12.86 kip ................................................................................................... Ans.

Checking the amount of friction required and the amount of friction available for this pulling force
Fx
Fy
0:
P sin 30
Ay
0:
Ay
Bx
By 15, 000 P cos 30
Bx
6431 lb (friction required)
By
26,138 lb
0.8 26138
20,911 lb (friction available)
Since the friction required is much less than the friction available, we made the correct guess.
1-24
Divide the weight by 2 since there are two frames
200 9.81 2 981 N
Then from a free-body diagram of the drum
Fx
Fy
0:
N1 cos 45
0.4 N1 sin 45
0:
N1
N2
693.672 N
N 2 cos 45
N 2 sin 45
981 0
694 N ................................................Ans.
Finally from a free-body diagram of one leg
MC
0:
Fx
Fy
1T 1A 0.8 N 2
0:
0:
T Cx
N 2 sin 45
A Cy
N 2 cos 45
where by symmetry (or from overall equilibrium)
A 981 2
490.5 N .............................................................. Ans.
and then
Cx
Cy
1045.4376 N 1045 N .................................................. Ans.
1535.94 N 1536 N
............................................ Ans.
0 N .................................................................................... Ans.
1-25*
The components of the three tension forces are
TA
TA
TB
TB
TC
TC
20i 30 j 50k
202 302 502

0.32444TAi 0.48666TA j 0.81111TAk
16i 25 j 50k
162 252 502

0.27517TB i 0.42995TB j 0.85990TB k
25i 15 j 50k
252 152 502

0.43193TC i 0.25916TC j 0.86387TC k
Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
x:
0.32444TA 0.27517TB 0.43193TC
y:
0.48666TA 0.42995TB 0.25916TC
z:
0.81111TA 0.85990TB 0.86387TC
900 0
TA
418.214 lb
418 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TB
205.219 lb
205 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TC
444.876 lb
445 lb .................................................................................................... Ans.
1-26*
The components of the forces are
100 9.81 k
TA
TA
TB
TB
TC
TC
981k N
4i 8 j 5k
4 2 82 5 2
0.39036TAi 0.78072TA j 0.48795TAk
6i 8 j 5k
6 2 8 2 52
0.53666TB i 0.71554TB j 0.44721TB k
8 j 5k
82 5 2
0.84800TC j 0.53000TC k
x:
y:
z:
0.39036TA 0.53666TB
0.78072TA 0.71554TB
0.48795TA 0.44721TB
0
0.84800TC
0.53000TC 981 0
TA
603.139 N
603 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TB
438.716 N
439 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TC
925.473 N
925 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
1-27
From a free-body diagram of pin A
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAB
TAF cos 45
TAB cos 45
20 TAB sin 45
TAF sin 45
TAF
14.14214 lb 14.14 lb .................................... Ans.
Finally from a free-body diagram of BCD
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
MC
0:
TAB cos 45
Cx
Dx
TAB sin 45
Cy
Dy
2 Dx 1.5 10
2 TAB cos 45
1 TAB sin 45
where by symmetry (or from overall equilibrium)
Dy
20 2 10 lb
and then
Cx
Dx
32.500 lb 32.5 lb
22.500 lb
C 32.5 lb
D 24.6 lb
Cy
0 lb
22.5 lb
................................................................................. Ans.
24.0 ..................................................................... Ans.
1-28
From a free body diagram of the wheel and arm BC
Fx
Fy
0:
TCD
0:
MB
0:
Bx
2700 By
150 2700
Bx
1246 N
2970 N
TCD
325TCD
By
2700 N
65.2 (on AB) ....................................................... Ans.
1246.154 N 1246 N (C) ............................................. Ans.
Then from a free-body diagram of the arm AB (and assuming that the
spring pushes perpendicularly against the arm)
MA
0:
Fx
Fy
100 1246.154
0:
Ax 1246.154 FS sin
2700 FS cos
0:
tan
500 2700
Ay
bFS
50
11.310
250
502
2502
FS
5783.92 N
Ax
111.827 N
2970 N
254.951 mm
5780 N (C) .................................................... Ans.

Ay
2971.60 N
87.8 .................................................................... Ans.
1-29*
First equilibrium of an overall free-body diagram gives
Fx
Fy
0:
Ax 100 0
0:
MA
0:
Ax
12 N F
100 lb
NF
A
200 Ay
24 100
Ay
200 lb
200 lb
224 lb
63.4 ...............................Ans.
Then from a free-body diagram of the bar ABCD
Fx
Fy
0:
Ax Cx
Cy
0:
MC
0:
Cx
FBE
FBE cos 45
18 Ax
400 lb
FE sin 45
Ay
6 FBE cos 45
Cy
565.685 lb 566 lb
C 447 lb
100 0
0
6 100
200 lb
45 .................................. Ans.
26.6 ............................................................ Ans.
1-30 The total weight of water carried by each truss is
WT
1000 9.81 0.2 3.6 2
14,126.40 N
By symmetry (or overall equilibrium) the support reactions at A and F are
Ay
WT 2 7063.20 N
The weight of water carried by each roof panel is
WP
1000 9.81 0.2 1.2 2
4708.80 N
and by symmetry (or equilibrium of the panel) half of this load is carried by the pins at each end of the panel
B
sin
E WP 2
2354.40 N
0.8000
cos
2 WP 2
4708.80 N
0.6000
Then, equilibrium of Pin B gives
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAB
TBC
TAB
2354.40 0
2354.40 N
Pin E:
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TEF
TDE
TEF
2354.40 0
2354.40 N
Pin A:
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
7063.20
TAH
TAC cos
TAH
2354.40
TAC sin
TAC
3531.60 N
5886.00 N
Pin H:
Fx
Fy
0:
TGH
3531.60
TCH
0:
TGH
3531.60 N
Pin C:
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TCD TCG cos

4708.80
5886 cos
5886 sin
TCD
TCG
0N
TFG
3531.60 N
TDG
0N
TDF
TCG sin
3531.60 N
Pin G:
Fx
Fy
0:
TFG
3531.60
0:
0 cos
0 sin
TDG
Pin D:
Fy
0:
4708.80
TDF sin
5886.00 N
1-30 (cont.)
The member forces are
AB: 2350 N (C) ...............................DE:
0 N ............................................................ Ans.
AC: 5890 N (C) ................................DF: 5890 N (C) .................................................... Ans.

AH: 3530 N (T) ................................DG:
BC:
0 N ............................................................ Ans.
0 N .......................................EF: 2350 N (C) .................................................... Ans.
CD: 3530 N (C) ................................FG: 3530 N (T) .................................................... Ans.

CG:
0 N .......................................GH: 3530 N (T) .................................................... Ans.
CH:
0 N ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
1-31
The equations of equilibrium for the two blocks are
0:
Fx
Fy
0:
T sin
N 2 cos
T cos
N1 sin
T cos
N 2 sin
150 0
T sin
N1 cos
200 0
Adding the second and third equation together gives
N1 sin
N 2 sin
150
while subtracting the first equation from the last equation gives
N1 cos
N 2 cos
200
Dividing these two equations gives
N1 N 2 sin
N1 N 2 cos
150
200
tan
36.87
N1
N2
250 lb
Now the first two equations can be rewritten
T sin 2
N 2 sin cos
T cos 2
N1 sin cos
and subtracting the second equation from the first gives
T sin 2
cos 2
T 1
N1 N 2 sin cos
250 0.6000 0.8000
120 lb
(a)
N1 160 lb ......................................... N 2
(b)
(c)
90 lb ............................................................... Ans.
120 lb ................................................................................................................................ Ans.

36.87 ............................................................................................................................... Ans.
1-32*
ABC is an equilateral triangle with a height of
h 950sin 60 822.724 mm , and
60 9.81 k
FAB
FAB
588.60k N
475 j 822.724k
950
0.50000 FAB j 0.86603FAB k
Moment equilibrium about C
MC
0:
0.95i
By j Bz k
0.95 j
0.50000 FAB j 0.86603FAB k
0.475i 0.23750 j 0.411362k
588.6k
has components
x:
0.82272 FAB 139.7925 0
y:
0.95Bz
z:
0 0.95By
279.585 0
0
FAB
169.915 N 169.9 N (C) ........................................................................................ Ans.
By
0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
Bz
294.300 N
294 N .................................................................................................... Ans.
x:
Cx
y:
Cy
z:
294.300 Cz 588.6 0.86603 169.915
0.5 169.915
0
0
Cx
0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
Cy
84.958 N 85.0 N ...................................................................................................... Ans.
Cz
147.15 N 147.2 N .................................................................................................... Ans.
1-33
Pj
Moment equilibrium about C
MC
0:
50k
Dx i Dy j
20k 2.5i
40 j
11k 17.32051i 10 j
Pj
has components
x:
50 Dy 800 11P
y:
50 Dx
z:
P
100 17.32051P 0
5.77350 lb 5.77 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.
Dx
0 lb .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
Dy
14.7298 lb 14.73 lb ................................................................................................. Ans.
0 0
x:
Cx
y:
C y 14.7298 40 5.77350 0
z:
Cz
Cx
0 lb ............................................ Ans.
Cy
31.044 lb 31.0 lb ............... Ans.
Cz
0 lb ............................................ Ans.
1-34*
From a free-body diagram of the platform the equilibrium equations give
0:
Fx
Fy
FAC cos
FAC sin
0:
FBD
P
FBD cos
FBD sin
0
P
FAC
2 FAC sin
Then from a free-body diagram of the screw-block A,

the equilibrium equations give
0:
Fx
Fy
800 FAC cos
FAE cos
FAE sin
FAC sin
0:
FAC
400
cos
15
FAC
414.110 N
214 N .................... Ans.
30
FAC
461.880 N
462 N .................... Ans.
45
FAC
565.685 N
P 800 N .................... Ans.
FAE
Therefore
1-35*
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
Ax
Ay
0:
MA
0:
3 25
Ax
Ay
25 lb
25 0
21E
3.57143 lb
Assume that the weight of the seat back is very small compared to
the weight of the seat. Then the center of gravity of the seat and the
center of gravity of the entire chair are the same point. A free-body
diagram of the seat gives
Fx
Fy
0:
TBD cos
C y TBD sin
0:
MC
0:
3 25
tan
in which
TBD
A
TBD
Cx
12 TBD sin
1
10.8476 lb
25.3 lb
10.85 lb
C 18.67 lb
10
12
25 0
1 TBD cos
39.806
Cx
4.76188 lb
Cy
18.0555 lb
81.87 .......................................................................................................... Ans.

39.81 .................................................................................................... Ans.
75.23 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
1-36
Fx
Fy
MA
0:
Ax
500 3
Ay 900 C
0:
0:
750 0
4C
3 500 3
C 2587.50 N
Ax
2250 N
4 900
Ay
3 750
0
0
1687.50 N
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the bar ABC. Note that the forces
Ax and Ay are the forces exerted on bar ABC by the support (the same
forces that are shown on the overall free-body diagram) and that the forces
FAx and FAy are the forces exerted on bar ABC by the bar
ADE. The equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
MA
0:
Ax
Ay
0:
0:
By
Bx
FAy
FAx
By C
2 By
4 2587.50
5175.00 N
FAy
4275.00 N
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the bar ADE
Fx
Fy
MD
0:
0:
0:
FAx
Dx 750 0
FAy
Dy 900 0
1.5 FAx 2
2 900
FAx
Dx
4275
1.5 750
3750 N
3000 N
A 5690 N
D 5980 N
E 1170 N
Dy
5175 N
48.7 ........................................................................................................... Ans.

59.9 ........................................................................................................... Ans.
50.2 ............................................................................................................ Ans.
1-37
First draw a free-body diagram of the lower jaw,
and write the equations of equilibrium
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
MD
Cx
D Cy
3C y
2E
0:
Cx
E 1.5C y
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower handle,
the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0 Bx
50 C y
0:
MB
0:
1C y
Cy
1000 lb
Bx
0 lb
By
20 50
By
1050 lb
E 1500 lb ............................................................................................................................. Ans.
1-38*
100 9.81
981 N
2500 1875
1200
300 150sin
1875 150 cos
cos
tan
58.612
5.466
There are two rollers (one on each side of the door) at B and D,
hence the 2 N B and 2 N C on the free-body diagram
Fx
Fy
0:
T cos
T sin
0:
MD
0:
1050 cos
2NB
2 N C 981 0
981
150 cos
2 NC
1350sin
2NB
1350sin
T cos
Substituting the first two equations into the third gives
1050 cos
T
981
403.455 N
150 cos
981 T sin
403 N ...................................................................................................... Ans.
NB
200.812 N
201 N ................................................................................................... Ans.
NC
471.283 N
471 N ................................................................................................... Ans.
1-39*
(a) First draw an overall free-body diagram. The force of the
ground on the track of the crane is equivalent to a single
concentrated force N acting at some location on the treads.
As the load increases, the distance d gets smaller and
smaller. The maximum load that the crane can lift
corresponds to d 0 . Then, summing moments about
the point where the normal force acts gives
9 12, 000
12 cos 30
24 cos 30
1 600
1 1 W
4930 lb ..................................................... Ans.
(b) Next, from a free-body diagram of the pulley at the end of the boom
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
Bx 3600 cos10
By 3600 3600sin10
Bx
3545.3079 lb
By
4225.1334 lb
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the boom the equations of

equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
Ax
0:
MA
Ay 600 T sin10
T cos10
4225.1334
0:
24 T sin 20
12 cos 30
T
(c)
3545.3079
Ax
24sin 30
600
6275.1466 lb
24 cos 30
4225.1334
6280 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
9725.1209 lb
A 11,380 lb
3545.3079
Ay
5914.8012 lb
31.3 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
1-40
MA
0:
1.8cos 30 P
0.9sin 30
2.7 sin 30
0.6sin 30
2.7 sin 30
1.8sin 30
0.3 10
P 17.99 kN .......................................................... Ans.

Next, from a free-body diagram of the bucket,
Fx
Fy
MG
0:
Gx TEI
G y 10 0
0:
0:
1.2 cos 30 TEI
TEI
2.88675 kN
Gx
2.88675 kN
0.3 10
2.89 kN (T) ........................................ Ans.

Gy
10.00 kN
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the arm DEFG,

Fx
Fy
MD
0:
2.88675
Dx
0:
0:
2.88675
Dy
0.6 cos 30
10
2.88675
1.2 cos 30
1 FBF sin
0.6sin 30
FBF cos
1.8cos 30
FBF cos
1.2sin 30
2.88675
FBF sin
1.8sin 30
10
in which
FBF
1.8cos 30 1.2 cos 30

19.107
1.8sin 30 1.2sin 30
10.43807 kN 10.44 kN (C) .....................................Ans.
Dx
9.86303 kN
tan
D 12.44 kN
G 10.41 kN
Dy
7.58627 kN
37.6 ........................................................................................................ Ans.

73.9 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
1-41
First draw a free-body diagram of the wheel. It is stated that
the pin B is at or near the surface of the wheel. Then, the
equations of equilibrium give
M axle
0:
2P 2B
Next, from a free-body diagram of the platform,

Fx
Fy
0:
Cy
0:
MC
0:
Cx
Cx
FDE sin
80 0
3 FDE cos
2 80
2
30
4
61.5840 lb
sin
FDE
FDE cos
53.3333 lb
Cy
49.2080 lb
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the arm ABC,

Fx
Fy
0:
Ax
0:
MA
0:
53.3333
Ay
2B
B cos
4 cos
B sin
0 0
49.2080
49.2080
4sin
0
53.3333
B 138.5641 lb
Ax
15.9487 lb
A 72.6 lb
B 138.6 lb
C 72.6 lb
Ay
70.7920 lb
77.3 ............................................................................................................ Ans.

60 .............................................................................................................. Ans.
42.7 ............................................................................................................ Ans.
1-42*
The weight of the bar AB is
25 9.81
245.25 N
From a free-body diagram of the bar AB,

Fx
Fy
MB
0:
A sin 30
0:
A cos 30
0:
B sin 45
B cos 45
0.5cos
1cos
0
A cos 30
1sin
Since sin 45
A sin 30
cos 45 adding the first two equations together gives
A sin 30
cos 30
Substituting this result into the third equation gives
A cos 30 cos
Dividing by A cos
2 cos 30
tan
sin 30 sin
0.5cos
A sin 30
cos 30
gives
sin 30 tan
2 cos 30
sin 30
2sin 30
sin 30
cos 30
cos 30
20.10 ............................................................................................................................... Ans.

(Actually, this result is independent of both the length and weight of the bar.)
1-43
25 9.81
FCD
FCD
245.25 N
0.65 j 0.95k
0.652 0.952
0.56468 FCD j 0.82531FCD k
Moment equilibrium about B
MB
0:
1.2i
Ay j Az k
1.6i 0.65 j
0.6i 0.5 j
245.25k
0.56468FCD j 0.82531FCD k
has components
x:
122.625 0.53645FCD
y:
1.2 Az 147.150 1.32050 FCD
1.2 Ay
z:
0.90349 FCD
FCD
228.586 N
229 N .................................................................................................. Ans.
Ay
172.104 N
172.1 N ............................................................................................ Ans.
Az
129.915 N 129.9 N ............................................................................................... Ans.
Bx
0.56468 228.586
x:
y:
172.104
z:
129.915
Bz
By
0.82531 228.586
245.25 0
Bx
0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
By
43.026 N
Bz
185.511 N 185.5 N .................................................................................................. Ans.
43.0 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
1-44
From a free-body diagram of pipe A, the equations of equilibrium are
Fx
0:
Fy
NA
0:
FAB cos
FAB sin
5 9.81
where
sin
b 150
150
Therefore
FAB
NA
49.05
N
cos
FAB sin N
(a)
NA
50 N for b
(b)
FAB
100 N for b
280 mm ...............Ans.
(c)
FAB
200 N for b
295 mm ...............Ans.
260 mm ..................Ans.
1-45
From a free-body diagram of the ring, the equations of equilibrium are
Fx
0:
Fy
TAB sin
0:
TAB cos
TBD cos
TBD sin
250 0
where
sin
sin
b
5
5 1 cos
3
Therefore
(a)
TAB
TBD cos
sin
TBD
250sin
cos cos
sin sin
lb
TAB
250 cos
cos cos
sin sin
lb
bmax occurs when TBD goes negative

(after it goes to infinity);
bmax
3.90 ft ................................................... Ans.
(At this point, the rope will straight from D to B to A.)

(c)
To pull further to the side, the worker needs a longer rope to pull on or he needs to attach
his rope lower - closer to the crate. .......................... Ans.
1-46
50 9.81
490.50 N
The cable is continuous, therefore the tension in the cable is continuous

(equal to the force P ); and from a free-body diagram of the pulley,
Fx
Fy
P cos
0:
P sin
0:
tan
P
(a)
(b)
(c)
P cos
P sin
0
0
d
1.5
W
2sin
P 2W
P 4W
P 8W
d
d
d
387 mm ............................. Ans.

189 mm .............................. Ans.
94 mm ................................ Ans.
1-47
AB
tan
d
20
tan
BC
d
10
From a free-body diagram of the stop light,

Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TBC cos
TAB sin
AB
BC
TAB cos
TBC sin
BC
AB
75 0
Solving yields
TAB
TBC
75cos BC
sin BC cos AB cos
BC
sin
AB
75cos AB
sin BC cos AB cos
BC
sin
AB
1-48
6800 9.81
66, 708 N
From a free-body diagram of the truck,

the equilibrium equations are
Fx
Fy
0:
P sin
Ay
0:
MB
0:
Bx
By 66, 708 P cos
66, 708 2.4
4.4 Ay
0
P cos
P sin
1.5
3
The fourth equation needed to solve for the four unknowns is either Ay
lifting off the ground) or Bx
0 (the front wheels are on the verge of
0.8By (the rear wheels are on the verge of slipping). Guessing that the front wheels
are on the verge of lifting off the ground gives the solution
Ay
0N
66, 708 2.4

1.5cos
3sin
Bx P sin N
P
By
66, 708 P cos N
The forces Bx and 0.8 By are plotted on the same

graph as the force P . Since Bx is always less than
0.8By , the guess that the front wheels are on the verge
of lifting off the ground was the correct guess, and the
solution is valid for all values of .
E 1500 lb ............................................................................................................................. Ans.
TBD
10.85 lb
C 18.67 lb
39.81 .................................................................................................... Ans.

75.23 ........................................................................................................ Ans.
1-49
From a free-body diagram of the I-beam,
MD
0:
400 3
MF
0:
6 D 1000 d 1
1000 7 d
1000 d 1
6
1200
1000 7 d
6
1200
6F
400 3
Next, from a free-body diagram of the joint D,

Fx
Fy
0:
TCD cos
TCD sin
0:
TCD
D
sin
TDE
TDE
D
tan
in which
tan
1
18.435
3
By inspection, members CE and CF are both zero-force

members. Therefore the tension force in member BC
will be the same as the tension force in member CD and
the compression force in member EF will be the same as
the compression force in member DE,
TBC
D
sin
TEF
D
tan
TCF
1-50
From an overall free-body diagram of the light pole,
tan
1.75
b
tan
2.75 b
5
the moment equation of equilibrium gives
MA
0:
TGH
2 7500
2.75 TGH cos
2 7500
2.75cos
It will be assumed that the cable DG supports the end of the

arm BG and that the connection of the horizontal arm BG to the
vertical pole ABCD exerts negligible moment on the arm.
(If the connection could provide a sufficient moment, then the
cable between D and G would not be necessary.)
Then, from a free-body diagram of the pin G,
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TDG
FBG
FBG TGH sin
TDG cos
TDG sin
TGH cos
TGH cos
sin
cos cos
TGH
sin sin
sin
1-51
From an overall free-body diagram of the crane,
Fy
N 12, 000 600 W
0:
MC
0:
9 12, 000
12 cos
24 cos
N
1 600
1 1W
Nd
12, 600 W lb
108, 600
d
(a) For W
7200 24W cos

12, 600 W
3600 lb
108, 600 93, 600 cos
16, 200
ft
ft
(b) From a free-body diagram of the pulley at B,
tan
24sin
24 cos
6
9
and the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
Bx
Bx 3600 cos
By 3600 3600sin
3600 cos
By
3600 1 sin
From a free-body diagram of the boom,

Fx
Fy
0:
Ax
Ay
0:
MA
0:
Bx T cos
By T sin
24sin
T
24sin
7200 24 By cos
600 0
12 cos
24 cos
600
By
24 Bx sin
24sin
Ax
Bx T cos
Ay
By T sin
Bx
Ax2
600
Ay2
Note that the tension force becomes negative for

an angle of about 66 . Since negative forces in
the cable are not possible, the boom would topple
over onto the top of the cab of the crane if the
operator tried to lift higher than 66 .
1-51 (cont.)
(c) For d 1 ft
108, 600
Wmax
7200 24W cos

12, 600 W
96, 000 7200 cos

1 24 cos
1 ft
lb
1-52
250 9.81
2452.50 N
(a) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,

moment equilibrium gives
MB
0:
TBC
6 TBC sin 60
3cos
2452.50 3cos
6sin 60
Since the pin at A is frictionless and the weight of the brace AC is

neglected, the brace AC is a two-force member and from a free-body
diagram of the pin C, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
FAC
TCD
FAC cos 60
TBC cos 60
TCD cos
FAC sin 60
TBC sin 60
TCD sin
cos 60
sin 60
sin
cos
FAC cos 60
sin 60
cos 60
cos
TBC
sin
TBC cos 60
cos
in which
tan
6sin
7 6 cos
6sin 60
7 6 cos 60
For this arrangement, the force P necessary to start

raising the post 2300 N is almost as large as the
weight of the post 2450 N .
1-52 (cont.)
(b) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,
moment equilibrium now gives
MB
0:
TBC
6 TBC sin 67.5
3cos
2452.50 3cos
6sin 67.5
Again, since the pin at A is frictionless and the weight of the brace
AC is neglected, the brace AC is a two-force member and from a
free-body diagram of the pin C, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
0:
FAC cos 45
Fy
TBC cos 67.5
TCD cos 22.5
TBC sin 67.5
TCD sin 22.5
0:
FAC sin 45
FAC
TCD
sin 67.5
sin 45
FAC cos 45
cos 22.5
cos 22.5
cos 67.5
cos 45
sin 22.5
sin 22.5
TBC
TBC cos 67.5

cos 22.5
Finally, since the weight of the brace AD is also neglected, the brace
AD is also a two-force member and from a free-body diagram of the
pin D, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
FAD
TDE
FAD cos 90
TCD cos 22.5
TDE cos
FAD sin 90
TCD sin 22.5
TDE sin
cos 22.5
cos 90
sin
sin
TCD cos 22.5
sin 22.5
sin 90
FAD cos 90
cos
cos
TCD
cos
P
Note that the force in the brace AD goes to zero at

about
75 . For 75
90 , the solution
becomes similar to that of part a (with the angle
between the post and the brace AC 45 rather
than 60 ).
For this arrangement, the force P necessary to start
raising the post 1700 N is about 25% less than
the force required using a single brace (part a).
1-53
a 12.5cos
b 12.5sin
b
tan 1
a
2
0.5
From a free-body diagram of the truck box,

Fx
Fy
Ax C cos
0:
Ay C sin
0:
MA
0:
22, 000 0
8.5 22, 000 cos
2.5 22, 000sin
12.5 C sin
C
187, 000 cos

55, 000sin
12.5sin
Ax
C cos
Ay
22, 000 C sin
Ax2
Ay2
1-54*
Fx
0:
TAB
Fx
0:
TBC
Fx
0:
TCD
TAB 75 100 50 0
25 kN
25 kN (C) ............................................... Ans.

TBC 100 50 0
50 kN 50 kN (T) ............................................... Ans.

TCD 50 0
50 kN 50 kN (C) ............................................... Ans.
1-55*
Fx
0:
Fy
0:
M cut
0:
90 120 P
90 5 8
120 1.5
V
P
0 lb .................................................................................................Ans.
30 lb 30 lb (C) ......................................................................Ans.
236 lb in. .................................................................................Ans.
1-56
Next, from a free-body diagram of the man standing on the beam,
Fx
Fy
0:
Cx
0:
MC
T 75 9.81
0:
T
3 75 9.81
0
40 9.81
1.5 40 9.81
Cy
621.300 N
Cy
3T 1.5T
114.450 N
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam

between section aa and the right end of the beam. Note that
since one-fourth of the beam has been cut away, only threefourths of the total beam weight is included on the free-body
diagram. The equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
Ma
0:
Pa
Pa 0 0
Va
621.3
30 9.81
M a 0.75 621.3
0 N ........................ Va
Ma
114.450 0
1.125 30 9.81
2.25 114.450
213 N ................................................................................. Ans.
122.6 N m ............................................................................................................... Ans.
Finally, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam between

section bb and the right end of the beam. This time three-fourths of the
beam has been cut away and only one-fourth of the total beam weight is
included on the free-body diagram. The equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
Mb
0:
Pb
Mb
Pb 0 0
Vb 10 9.81
114.450 0
M b 0.375 10 9.81
0 N ........................ Vb
0.75 114.450
213 N .................................................................................... Ans.
122.6 N m ................................................................................................................ Ans.
1-57*
From an overall free-body diagram of the bracket,
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
MA
0:
Ax
Ay
B cos 45
B sin 45
5 500
500 0
15 B cos 45
15 B sin 45
B 117.85113 lb
Ax
83.3333 lb
Ay
416.6667 lb
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the bracket between

section aa and pin A. The equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
V 83.3333 0
0:
Ma
0:
P
P 416.6667
M 8 83.3333
417 lb
0
0
417 lb (C) .................................................. Ans.
V 83.3 lb ............................................................................ Ans.

M 667 lb in. .................................................................... Ans.
1-58
From a free-body diagram of the lower half of the clamp,
Fx
0:
Fy
0:
M cut
P
P 2000 0
0:
0.075 2000
2000 N (T) .................................................................... Ans.
V 0 N .................................................................................. Ans.
M
150.0 N m ............................................................... Ans.
1-59*
Draw free-body diagrams of the sections of the tower between
the points of interest and the top. For each section, the vertical
component of the equation of equilibrium gives
Fy
Fy
Fy
0:
PA 2000 3 1500 cos 30
40 50
PA
7900 lb .................................................... Ans.
0:
PB
2000 lb
2000 3 1500 cos 30
3 1250 cos 40
40 150
PB
14, 770 lb .....................................................................................Ans.
0:
PC
6000 lb
2000 3 1500 cos 30

3 1250 cos 40
Fy
3 1000 cos 50
40 250
PC
20, 700 lb ............................................ Ans.
0:
PD
10, 000 lb
2000 3 1500 cos 30

3 1250 cos 40
3 1000 cos 50
3 750 cos 60
40 350
14, 000 lb
PD
25,800 lb ....................................................................................Ans.
1-60*
The weights of the two cylinders are the same
50 9.81
490.5 N
First draw a free-body diagram of the upper cylinder,

Fx
0:
N 2 W sin 27
Fy
0:
N1 W cos 27
N1
437.0387 N
N2
222.6823 N
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower cylinder, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
0:
Fy
0:
N3
N4
N 2 W sin 27
N 3 W cos 27
437.0387 N
N4
445.3647 N
Next, from a free-body diagram of the rack,

Fx
0:
Fy
0:
MA
0:
Ax
N 4 cos 27
N1
N 3 sin 27
B sin 27
Ay
N 4 sin 27
N1
N 3 cos 27
B cos 27
120 445.3647
320 437.0387
120 437.0387
B 239.4022 N
Ax 902.3320 N
Ay
580 B
767.6911 N
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the upper portion of the rack (between section a and the roller support B),
Fx
0:
Fy
0:
M cut
0:
B V
N1
0.360 B M
0.100 N1
P 0 N ...............................................................................Ans.
V
197.6 N ....................................................................Ans.
M 42.5 N m .................................................................Ans.
1-61
From a free-body diagram of the lower portion of
the crutch (between section a and the bottom B),
Fx
0:
35sin 25
Fy
0:
P 35cos 25
M cut
0:
2 35sin 25
31.7 lb 31.7 lb (C) ............................................Ans.
V 14.79 lb .......................................................................Ans.
M 29.6 lb ft ..................................................................Ans.
1-62
From a free-body diagram of the wheel, the equations of equilibrium give
MB
0:
FCD
325 FCD 150 2700
1246 N
Since CD is a two-force member, the axial force on every cross section is

the same
P 1246 N (C) ........................................................................ Ans.

and the shear force and the bending moment are both zero
V 0 N ...................................................................................... Ans.
M 0 N m .............................................................................. Ans.
1-63
From a free-body diagram of the handle, the equations of equilibrium give
MF
0:
FDE
30 1000
8 FDE
3750 lb
Since DE is a two-force member, the axial force on every cross section is

the same
P 3750 lb (C) ................................................................... Ans.

and the shear force and the bending moment are both zero
V 0 lb .................................................................................................Ans.
M 0 lb ft ..........................................................................................Ans.
1-64*
First draw an overall free-body diagram of the shaft
and sum moments about the bearing B
MC
0:
800 j 250i
5k
2000 j 250k
800 j 250i
30i
30k
2000 j 250k
2800 j
5i
Bx i Bz k
The x-, y-, and z-components of this equation give
4000 24, 000 2800 Bz
x:
y:
1250 7500 7500 1250 0
z:
60, 000 10, 000 2800 Bx

Bx
25.00 kN
Bz
0
10.00 kN
Next draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the shaft between the
bearing B and the section at A and write the equations of equilibrium
Fx
0:
Fy
0:
Py
Fz
0:
Vz 10 0
M cut
Vx 30 5 25 0
0
Vx
10 kN .......................................................................... Ans.
Py
0 kN .............................................................................. Ans.
Vz
10 kN .......................................................................... Ans.
0:
M x i Ty j M z k
0.4 j 0.25k
0.4 j 0.25k
5i
1.2 j
30i
25i 10k
The x-, y-, and z-components of this equation give
x:
y:
z:
Ty
M x 12 0
Mx
12 kN m ................................. Ans.
7.5 1.25 0
Ty
6.25 kN m ............................ Ans.
Mz
16 kN m ................................. Ans.
M z 30 12 2 0
1-65*
First draw a free-body diagram of the blocks,
Fx
0:
Fy
NC
FC
0:
MA
0:
FA 30 0
8 30
NC
NA
16 FC
NA
FC
FA 15 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the left handle,

Fx
0:
Fy
Bx
0:
MB
0:
4 30
NC
45 lb
Bx
45 lb
NC
30 By
15
4 15
4 NC
By
15 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower section of the left handle,
Fx
0:
Fy
P 45 0
0:
M cut
V 15 0
0:
4 45
P 45 lb ........................................................................................Ans.
V 15 lb ......................................................................................................Ans.
M 180 lb in. ...........................................................................................Ans.
1-66
360 9.81
3531.60 N
From a free-body diagram of the bar ABC,

Fx
0:
Fy
Ax
Ay
0:
MA
0:
FBD cos
FBD sin
1430 FBD sin
0
0
2700 cos16 W
h 900 1430sin16
b 1430 cos16 890
69.471
tan
FBD
7976.730 N
Ax
2797.2911 N
16
Ay
53.471
3938.5663 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the left section of the bar,

Fx
0:
P Ax cos16
Ay sin16
Fy
0:
Ay cos16
M cut
0:
Ax sin16
0.530sin16 Ax
0.530 cos16 Ay
P 3770 N .................................................................... Ans.

V 3010 N .................................................................................................Ans.
M
1598 N m .......................................................................................Ans.
1-67
From a free-body diagram of the pipe the moment equilibrium equation
M cut
0:
M x i Ty j M z k
7i 18 j 10k
50k
has x-, y-, and z-components
x:
M x 900 0
Mx
900 lb in. .............. Ans.
y:
Ty 350 0
Ty
350 lb in. ................ Ans.
z:
Mz
Mz
0 lb in. .................. Ans.
and the force equilibrium equation has components
Fx
0:
Vx
Vx
0 lb ................................................................................. Ans.
Fy
0:
Py
Py
0 lb ................................................................................. Ans.
Fz
0:
Vz 50 0
Vz
50 lb .............................................................................. Ans.
1-68*
From a free-body diagram of the bar ABC,
Fx
0:
Fy
Ax
Ay
0:
MA
0:
200 FBD
FBD
Ax
FBD 3 0
400 3
6N
0N
Ay
3N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the left section of the bar,

Fx
0:
3 sin
Fy
0:
3 cos
M cut
0:
0.1 3
in which
tan
120
200
30.964
Then
P 1.543 kN ................................................................. Ans.

V 2.57 kN ................................................................................................Ans.
M 0.3 kN m ..........................................................................................Ans.
1-69
From a free-body diagram of a part of the hook,
Fx
0:
V 10 cos
Fy
0:
P 10sin
M cut
0:
M 10 10sin
P 10sin
V
M
kip .................................... Ans.
10 cos kip ................................... Ans.

100sin
kip in. ...................... Ans.
1-70
From a free-body diagram of the top handle
MA
0:
93 100
38 C sin
35 d C cos
C
Fx
9300
35 d cos
38sin
Note that tan
d 40 ; therefore d
9300
35cos
C cos
38sin
0:
Fy
C sin
0:
40 tan
40sin
Ax 0
and
9300
78sin
35cos
Ax C cos
Ay 100 0
Ay
C sin
1000
Next, from a free-body diagram of the part of the top handle

to the right of section aa the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
0:
P Ax cos
Ay sin
Fy
0:
Ay cos
M 18 Ay
M cut
P
V
M
0:
Ax sin
Ax 18 tan
Ax cos
Ay cos
Ay sin
Ax sin
Ax 18 tan
N ..................... Ans.
N ........................ Ans.
18 Ay N mm ......... Ans.
1-71
(a) From a free-body diagram of the complete beam,
MA
Fy
0:
20 RB
0:
RA
RB
200 x 2.5
RA
x 2.5 4000
RB
4000 0
200 x 500 lb
3500 200 x lb
Load, shear force, and bending moment diagrams are as shown.

The moment under the left wheel is
MC
xRA
3500 x 200 x 2 lb ft
and the moment under the right wheel is
MD
15 x RB
15 x 200 x 500 lb ft
These moments are graphed below. Notice that the maximum

moment occurs under the right wheel when 0 x 7.5 m
(and the right wheel is closer to the center of the beam) and
under the right wheel when 7.5 x 15 m (and the left
wheel is closer to the center of the beam).
(b) The graph of maximum moment is also shown below.
1-72
250 9.81
2452.50 N
(a) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,

Fx
0:
Fy
Ax TBC cos 60
0:
MB
Ay TBC sin 60
0:
6 TBC sin 60
3cos
2452.50 3cos
TBC
TBC cos 60
Ay
6sin 60
Ax
2452.50 TBC sin 60
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the lower portion of ABC.

The weight of this portion is proportional to its length
Wb
L
Wb
2452.50b
6
408.75b N
Then the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
0:
P Ax cos
Fy
0:
M cut
0:
Ay sin
Wb sin
Ax sin
Ay cos
Wb cos
M Wb
b 2 cos
Ax b sin
Ay b cos
Ax b sin
204.375b 2 cos
Ay b cos
408.75b Ay sin
Ax cos
N .....Ans.
408.75b Ay cos
Ax sin
N .....Ans.
N m .............Ans.
1-73*
From a free-body diagram of the collar, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
T
N BC
T cos 20
N BC cos 30
700 lb
1316 lb
N BC sin 30
T sin 20
900 0
20 ..............................................................................Ans.
60 ........................................................................Ans.
1-74*
500 9.81
4905 N
First draw a free-body diagram of joint A, and write the equations of equilibrium
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAC TAB cos 30

TAB sin 30
TAB
9810 N 9.81 kN (T) ............................................................Ans.
TBC
8495.709 N 8.50 kN (C) ................................................Ans.
Next, from a free-body diagram of joint C,

Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAC TBC cos 60
TCD cos 45
TBC sin 60
TCD sin 45
TBC
6219.291 N
6.22 kN (C) ................................................Ans.
TCD
7617.044 N
7.62 kN (C) ................................................Ans.
1-75
From a free-body diagram of the motor and support,
Fx
Fy
0:
Ax 21 1 0
Ay
0:
MD
0:
B 25 0
12 B 8 25
B
Ax
2.16667 lb
22 lb
35.0 lb
10.5 21
5.5 1
2.17 lb ............................. Ans.

Ay 27.16667 lb
51.0 ............................................ Ans.
1-76*
135 9.81
cos
1324.50 N
220 75
220
48.769
First draw a free-body diagram of the cylinder. When the cylinder just starts
to rotate about the step, the normal force N becomes zero. Then moment
equilibrium gives
MC
0:
220 W sin 20
220 P cos 20
P 3410 N ...................................................................................Ans.
1-77
(a) From a free-body diagram of the entire beam,
Fy
0:
MB
RA
RB 3000 500 6
0:
500 6
3000 12
1800 18RA
RA
2600 lb ............................................................................................................ Ans.
RB
3400 lb ............................................................................................................. Ans.
(b) Next, from a free-body diagram of the left end of the beam,
Fy
0:
M cut
V
M
2600
0:
3000 V
M 1800 3000 4
2600 10
400 lb ............................................................ Ans.

12, 200 lb ft .................................................. Ans.
1-78
First draw a free-body diagram of the upper jaw. The resultant of the
distributed load is a 300 N force acting through the centroid of the
distributed load. The equations of equilibrium give
MD
0:
225 300
100 FC
MC
0:
125 300
100 FD
FC
675 N
........................................................ Ans.
FD
375 N
........................................................ Ans.
1-79*
(a) First, from a free-body diagram of the entire frame,
Fx
Fy
0:
Dx 400 0
A Dy 1000 0
0:
MD
0:
8 400
2 1000
10 A 0
A 520 lb
Dx
400 lb
Dy
480 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of bar ABCD,

Fx
Fy
0:
400
0:
MB
520
0:
sin
By
8 480
Bx
FCE sin
2 520
45
FCE
FCE cos
cos
480 0
6 FCE sin
35
583.333 lb
Bx
750 lb
By
533.333 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower end of bar BEF,

Fx
0:
Pa
750 cos
533.333sin
Fy
0:
Va 750sin
533.333cos
MB
0:
Ma
2.5 750sin
2.5 533.333cos
Pa
876.667 lb 877 lb (C) ................................................Ans.
Va
280 lb ....................................................................................Ans.
Ma
700 lb ft ..........................................................................Ans.
(b) Finally, from a free-body diagram of the left end of bar ABCD,
Fx
0:
Pb 750 0
Fy
0:
Vb 520 533.333 0
MB
0:
M b 3 533.333
5 520
Pb
750 lb (T) .............................................................................Ans.
Vb
13.33 lb .................................................................................Ans.
Mb
1000 lb ft ...........................................................................Ans.
1-80
Next, from a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
Fx
Fy
MB
0:
0:
0:
Bx
By 5 D
70 5
D 8.75 N
Bx 0 N
B 13.75 N
40 D
....................................................................... Ans.
By
13.75 N
(on the pin) ............................................. Ans.
1-81*
Draw a free-body diagram of the shaft.
The moment equation of equilibrium
MA
0:
18 j
Bx i By j Bz k
12 j 6k
14i 32 j
500i
200 j Pk
12 j 6k
150i
has components
18 Bz 32 P
x:
y:
z:
14 P 3000 900 0
18Bx
2800 6000 1800 0
Bz
266.667 lb
267 lb .............. Ans.
P 150 lb .......................................... Ans.
Bx
277.778 lb
278 lb ............ Ans.
x:
Ax
277.778
y:
z:
Az
500 150 0
Ax
928 lb ........................................ Ans.
200 By
By
200 lb ..................................... Ans.
Az
116.7 lb .................................. Ans.
266.667
150
1-82*
W1
300 9.81
2943 N
W2
100 9.81
981 N
W3
200 9.81
1962 N
WP
500 9.81
4905 N
Draw a free-body diagram of the platform.

The moment equation of equilibrium
MO
0:
2943k
i j
2i j
981k
3i j
TB k
i 3j
i 4j
TC k
1.5i 2 j
1962k
4905k
has components
2943 981 TB 5886 4TC 9810 0
x:
y:
2943 1962 3TB 1962 TC
7357.5 0
TB
3388.909 N
3390 N .................................................................................. Ans.
TC
4057.773 N
4060 N .................................................................................. Ans.
and the z-component of the force equilibrium equation gives
z:
TA
3388.909
TA
4057.773
3344.318 N
2943
981
1962
4905
3340 N .................................................................................. Ans.
1-83
From a free-body diagram of the upper half of the clamp,
Fx
0:
Fy
0:
M cut
0:
300 P
3 300
P 300 lb (T) ...................................................................... Ans.

V 0 lb .................................................................................. Ans.
M 900 lb ft ...................................................................... Ans.
1-84
WP
100 9.81
50 9.81
981 N
490.50 N
First draw a free-body diagram of the arm AB and the pulley.

The moment equation of equilibrium gives
MA
0:
1500 By 300 981
By
350 981
650 490.5
300 637.650
637.650 N
Next, from a free-body diagram of the bar BC,

Fx
Fy
0:
Cx
0:
MC
981
Cy
0:
Bx
637.5
600 Bx 300 981
Bx
809.325 N
Cx
171.675 N
Cy
637.650 N
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the right end of bar AB,

Fx
Fy
0:
0:
MB
809.325
637.650
0 : 300 637.650
P
0
M
809 N 809 N (C) ..................................................................................................... Ans.
V 638 N ............................................................................................................................... Ans.

M 191.3 N m ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-1*
N
A
10
A
12 di2
30 ksi
4
0.75867 in.
di
t
d o di
2
1 2
in
3
0.1207 in. .......................................................................................... Ans.
2-2*
A
NA
AA
NB
AB
NC
AC
40 103
0.025 0.015
50 103
0.025 0.015
20 103
0.025 0.015
106.6 106
N m 2 106.6 MPa (T) ....................... Ans.
133.3 106
N m2
53.3 106
N m2
133.3 MPa (T) ........................ Ans.

53.3 MPa (T) ............................ Ans.
2-3
Fy
0:
N AB 90 2 75
2 60
2 125
Fy
0:
N BC 90 2 75
2 60
Fy
0:
N CD 90 2 75
N AB
370 kip (C)
N BC
120 kip (C)
N CD
240 kip (C)
AB
N AB
AAB
370
16
23.1 ksi (C) ................................................................................... Ans.
BC
N BC
ABC
120
4
30.0 ksi (C) ................................................................................... Ans.
CD
N CD
ACD
240
12
20.0 ksi (C) ................................................................................... Ans.
2-4*
130 9.81
1275.30 N
From a free-body diagram of joint B, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAB cos8
TAB
1357.261 N
AB
TAB
AAB
TAB sin 8
P cos 20
P sin 20
1275.3
1357.261
0.015
7.68 106
N m2
7.68 MPa (T) ...................... Ans.
2-5
From a free-body diagram of a portion of the wood block,
Fy
V 16,800 0
0:
16,800 lb
V
A
16800
8 2
1050 psi ........................................................Ans.
2-6
From a free-body diagram of the lever, moment
equilibrium about the center of the shaft gives
0:
V
25V
625 1
25 kN
3
V 25 10
125 106 N m 2
A 0.020a
a 0.0100 m 10.00 mm ........................................................Ans.
2-7*
V
A
8000
2 L1
8000
1.5 L2
500 psi
L1
2.55 in. .............................................................................................................. Ans.
L2
3.40 in. .............................................................................................................. Ans.
2-8
V
A
N
A
Pmax
P
0.100 0.025
75 106
P
100 106
2
0.150 0.100 4
2
P 589 103 N
N m2
N m2
P 982 103 N
589 kN .......................................................................................................... Ans.
2-9*
V
A
d
100 2000
d 0.5
40 103 psi
3.18 in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
2-10*
Assuming that the pulleys rotate freely, the tension will be the same throughout the length of the cord, and
T
A
45 9.81
441.45 N
441.45
0.010
5.62 106
N m2
5.62 MPa (T) .............................. Ans.
2-11
Assume that the girls arms are vertical. Each arm will carry half of the girls weight and
(a)
N
A
(b)
N
A
125 2
1
79.6 psi (T) ...................................................................................... Ans.
125 2
124.3 psi (T) ........................................................................ Ans.
1 0.62 4
2
2-12
225 9.81
2207.25 N
From a free-body diagram of pulley 4,

Fy
0:
2T TB
2207.25
Next, from a free-body diagram of the double pulley

(1 and 2), the equations of equilibrium give
M axle
0:
100TA 300TB
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the pulley 3,

Fy
0:
TA 2T
Combining these three equations gives
TA 1655.4375 N
TB
T
C
551.8125 N
827.7188 N
T
827.7188
2
A
0.015 4
4.68 106
N m2
4.68 MPa (T) ........................... Ans.
2-13*
From free-body diagrams of the rings B and C,
Fx
0:
TAB cos 45
TBC cos
Fy
TAB sin 45
0:
TBC sin
TBC cos
TCD cos 45
TBC sin
TCD sin 45
10 0
8 0
Adding the first pair of equations together gives
TAB
TCD
Then, adding the second pair of equations together gives
TAB
TCD
12.72792 lb
Now, the third equation can be written
TBC sin
10 TAB sin 45
and the first equation can be written
TBC cos
TAB cos 45
Dividing this pair of equations gives
TBC sin
TBC cos
TBC
10
12.72792 sin 45
12.72792 cos 45
or
6.340
9.05539 lb
max
tan
TAB
A
12.72792
18 103 psi
2
d 4
0.0300 in. ................................................................................................................. Ans.
2-14*
1
tan
1.5
2
36.870
sin
35
cos
45
From symmetry (or overall equilibrium), each support carries half of the total load
RA
RC
18 2 9 kN
Then, from a free-body diagram of the joint A,

Fx
Fy
0:
TAD cos
TAD sin
0:
TAD
TAB
TAB
9 0
15.00 kN
12.00 kN
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the bottom chord,

Fx
0:
V
12.00
12 kN
3
V 12 10
2.25 106 N m 2
A 0.100a
a 0.0533 m 53.3 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
2-15
A 225 5 4
4500 lb
From a free-body diagram of member AB and the end

of the bottom chord, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
0:
P
12 13 P
4870 lb ................................................................... Ans.
2-16*
From a free-body diagram of the block A,
Fx
Fy
0:
700 FAC cos
FAE cos
FAE sin
FAC sin
0:
FAC
FAE
V
A
700
2 cos
FAC
0.010
N
2
N m2
(a)
15
FAC
362.347 N
4.61 MPa ........................................... Ans.
(b)
30
FAC
404.145 N
5.15 MPa ........................................... Ans.
(c)
45
FAC
494.975 N
6.30 MPa ........................................... Ans.
2-17
Fx
Fy
0:
Ay
0:
MA
0:
D sin 38
Ax
D cos 38
25 0
1.25 D 9 25
D 180 lb
Ax
110.8191 lb
Ax2
A
V
A
Ay2
Ay
200.2925 lb
200.2925
0.25
166.8419 lb
4080 psi ................................................................................ Ans.
2-18
From an overall free-body diagram of the truss,
MA
0:
9 F 3 10
6 15
13.3333 kN
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right half of the truss,

MC
0:
TDE
3 13.3333
DE
MD
0:
TBC
750 10
(b)
ABC
17.78 106
3TBC 3 15
N m 2 17.78 MPa
6 13.3333
Ans.
11.6667 kN
11.6667 103
BC
13.3333 kN
13.3333 103
(a)
3TDE
ABC
388.89 10
30 106
m2
N m2
389 mm 2 ......................................................................... Ans.
2-19*
From an overall free-body diagram of the seat,
Fx
Fy
0:
Ax
Ay 30 0
0:
MA
0:
3 30
21E
4.28571 lb
Ax
4.28571 lb
Ay
30 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the seat back,

MC
0:
9 TBD cos
10
39.806
12
13.01707 lb
tan
TBD
21 4.28571
VB
A
13.01707
38
117.9 psi ..............................................Ans.
2-20
From a free-body diagram of the pin E,
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
10 TEF sin
4
53.130
3
7.500 kN
tan
TDE
TDE TEF cos
TEF
12.500 kN
Next, from a free-body diagram of the pin D,

Fx
Fy
0:
CD
DF
(b)
ADF
TCD cos 45
12 TCD sin 45
0:
TCD
(a)
7.5
TDF
10.60660 kN
10.6066 103
T
A
19.5 103
780 10
A
6
m2
0
TDF
T
A
624 10
19.500 kN
17.00 106
25 106
N m 2 17.00 MPa (T) ..................... Ans.
N m2
780 mm 2 ............................................................................... Ans.
2-21
From a free-body diagram of the pin A, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAB
B
TAF cos 45
TAB cos 45
20 TAF sin 45
TAB sin 45
TAF
VB
A
14.14214 lb
14.14214
18
1152 psi .............................................Ans.
2-22*
Fx
Fy
0:
FC cos
FC sin
0:
MA
0:
Ax
100 Ay
93 100
FC
919.1059 N
Ax
788.1248 N
VA
A
28 FC sin
0.004
tan
Ay
871.8829
2
5 FC cos
372.8794 N
34.7 106
N m2
A
34.7 MPa
Ax2
Ay2
30
50
30.964
871.8829 N
Ans.
Then, from a free-body diagram of the upper jaw, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
MA
0:
788.1248
Bx
N sin
372.8794
By
N cos
Nd 35 788.1248
841.9084 N
Bx
456.4753 N
VB
A
0.005
152 352
By
1234.229
2
12 372.8794
tan
38.0789 mm
1146.7130 N
31.4 106
N m2
B
31.4 MPa
Bx2
By2
15
35
23.199
1234.229 N
Ans.
2-23*
From a free-body diagram of the platform, the equations of equilibrium give
MC
0:
FDE
3 FDE cos 30
2 80
61.58403 lb
(a) Member DE is a two-force member and the stress on every cross

section is the same
DE
(b)
FDE
A
VE
A
61.58403
49.3 psi ..........................................Ans.
1.25
61.58403
627 psi ....................................Ans.
2
2
0.25 4
2-24
From a free-body diagram of the bucket, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
Gx TEI
G y 10 0
0:
MG
0:
1.2 cos 30 TEI
TEI
2.88675 kN
Gx
2.88675 kN
0.3 10
Gy
10 kN
Then, from a free-body diagram of the arm DEFG,

Fx
Fy
0:
Dx
2.88675
0:
MD
Dy
2.88675
FBF sin
FBF cos
10
0:
0.6 cos 30
2.88675
1.2 cos 30
0.6sin 30
FBF cos
1.8cos 30
1.2sin 30
2.88675
FBF sin
1.8sin 30
tan
FBF
10.43809 kN
Dx
9.86304 kN
Dx2
VD
A
Dy2
Dy
1.8cos 30
1.8sin 30
1.2 cos 30
1.2sin 30
19.107
7.58327 kN
12.44128 kN
12.44128 103
2
10
d 4
120 106
N m2
0.00812 m 8.12 mm ................................................................................................. Ans.
2-25*
First, from an overall free-body diagram of the frame,
Fx
Fy
0:
Bx 500 1500 0
By 1000 0
0:
MB
0:
8 500
5 1000
6A 0
A 1500 lb
Bx
1000 lb
By
1000 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the horizontal member ACDE,

ME
0:
Dy
8 1000
3Dy
2666.667 lb
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the vertical member BDF,

MF
0:
Dx
D
D
4 Dx 10 1000
2500 lb
Dx2
VD
A
Dy2
3655.285 lb
3655.285
d2 4
7500 psi
0.788 in. .................................................................................Ans.
2-26
From a free-body diagram of the wheel,
Fx
Fy
0:
Bx
0:
MB
0:
FCD
FCD
2700 By
325 FCD 150 2700
1246.15385 N
Bx
1246.15385 N
By
2700 N
Bx2
By2
2973.701 N
Then from a free-body diagram of the arm AB (and assuming

that the spring pushes perpendicularly against the arm)
MA
Fx
Fy
0:
100 1246.154
0:
Ax
500 2700
1246.154
FS sin
2700 FS cos
0:
Ay
bFS
0
b
502
tan
FS
5783.917 N
Ax
111.8278 N
A
A
dA
B
dB
Ax2
VA
A
Ay2
Ay
2502
254.951 mm
50
11.310
250
2971.5958 N
2973.699 N
2973.699
2 d A2 4
125 106
N m2
0.00389 m 3.89 mm ............................................................................................... Ans.

VB
A
2973.701
2 d B2 4
125 106
N m2
0.00389 m 3.89 mm ............................................................................................... Ans.
The forces on pins C and D are equal (both equal to the force
in the member CD) and their diameters will be the same
C
dC
TCD
A
1246.154
2 dC2 4
dD
0.00252 m
125 106
N m2
2.52 mm ..................................................................................... Ans.
2-27
di
d o 2 0.1d o
P
A
9000
d o2 di2
0.8d o
11, 459.156
psi
d o2
For standard steel pipe,
P
A
9000
12, 000 psi
A
A 0.75 in.2
d 1.5 in. ...........................................Ans.
2-28
For a uniformly distributed load
P
A
d
P
d2 4
0.242 m
4 150 103
4P
3.25 106
0.05876
242 mm ................................................................................................ Ans.
For the flexible bearing plate:

max
max
rp 0.2rc 0.8r
rp
rc
dA
max
rc
max
rp
2 rdr
For
max
rp 0.2rc 0.8r
0.8rc2 0.8rp rc 1.4rp2
150 kN
2
p
0.8r
0.8rp rc 1.4r
rc
75 mm
2 rdr
N m2
296 mm ............................... Ans.
150 mm , rp
75 mm
8.49 MPa
400 mm , rp
max
For d p
rp
rp
2
c
2rp
max
For d p
rc
rc
3.25 MPa
max
For d p
rc
rc
450 103
max
0 r
1.98 MPa
600 mm , rp
max
200 mm
D
8.49 1.98
100
8.49
76.7% ................................. Ans.
8.49 0.94
100
8.49
89.0% ................................. Ans.
300 mm
0.94 MPa
copyright owner is unlawful.45
2-29
P
A
dc
P
d c2 22
d c2
max
rc
dA
max
max
5 r
4
5 rc2 1
2
c
5 r
dc
2 rdr
2 3
rc 1
3
2 3
rc 1
3
50 kip
ksi
3.32 in. ............................... Ans.
37.13 11.10
100
37.13
70.1% ............................ Ans.
37.13 6.16
100
37.13
83.4% ............................... Ans.
37.13 3.86
100
37.13
89.6% ............................... Ans.
2.0 in.
6.16 ksi
5.0 in. , rc
max
1.6 in.
11.10 ksi
4.0 in. , rc
max
1.2 in.
37.13 ksi
3.2 in. , rc
max
For d c
2rc
2.4 in. , rc
max
For d c
4 10.366
10 ksi
max
For d c
4 50
10
5 r
4
200
max
For d c
3.22 in. ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
For the flexible collar:
For
4P
2.5 in.
3.86 ksi
2-30
P
A
dw
P
0.0402
d w2
4P
2
w
0.040
4 80 103
2.8 106
0.0016
0.1949 m 194.9 mm ........................................................................................ Ans.
For the flexible washer:

max
0.030
r
P
max
0.030
dA
max
0.020
For
0.030 mm
0.030 mm
rw
0.030 max
2 rdr
r
0.060 max rw 0.030
rw
2 rdr
0.030
max
0.0302 0.0202
max
0.0005 0.060 rw 0.030

80 103
max
0.020 mm
0.0005 0.060 rw 0.030
80 kN
N m2
2.8 MPa
max
dw
2rw
346 mm ............................. Ans.
For no washer
80 103
max
0.0302 0.0202
50.93 106
For d w
50.93 MPa
200 mm , rw 100 mm
max
For d w
N m2
5.42 MPa
50.93 5.42
100
50.93
89.4% ............................... Ans.
50.93 3.31
100
50.93
93.5% ............................... Ans.
300 mm , rw 150 mm
max
3.31 MPa
2-31*
5000 lb
A 4 4 16 in.2
90 14 76
n
5000
1 cos 2 76
2 16
5000
sin 2 76
2 16
18.29 psi 18.29 psi (C) ...................Ans.

73.4 psi ...........................................................Ans.
2-32*
400 kN
A 75 45 mm 2
37
400 103
n
75.6 106
N m2
400 103
n
1 cos 2 37
2 0.075 0.045
2 0.075 0.045
57.0 106
75.6 MPa (T) ................................................................ Ans.
sin 2 37
N m2
57.0 MPa ..................................................................... Ans.
2-33
max
max
P 270
22.5 ksi (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
A 2 6
270
P
11.25 ksi ............................................................................... Ans.
2A 2 2 6
2-34
80 kN
75
4 4417.865 mm 2
57
80 103
n
2 4417.865 10
5.37 106
N m2
80 103
n
2 4417.865 10
8.27 106
N m2
1 cos 2 57
5.37 MPa (C) ....................................... Ans.
sin 2 57
8.27 MPa ..................................................................... Ans.
2-35*
n
P
1 cos 2
2 4 1
P
sin 2
2 4 1
sin 2
1 cos 2
12 ksi
9 ksi
9
12
Solve by trial and error to get
36.870 ...................................................................................................................... Ans.

P 75.0 kip .................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-36*
400 103
n
1 cos 2
2 0.1t
0.0402 m
tmin
2 0.1t
0.0406 m
70 106
N m2
40.2 mm
400 103
n
33
sin 2
33
45 106
N m2
40.6 mm
40.6 mm ................................................................................................................ Ans.
2-37
a
(a)
P
sin 2 55
2 4 8
2 ksi
P 136.21475 kip 136.2 kip (C) ...............................................Ans.

a
(b)
(c)
max
max
136.21475
1 cos 2 55
2 4 8
1.400 ksi 1.400 ksi (C) .....................................................Ans.
P 136.21475
4.26 ksi .............................................................................. Ans.
A
4 8
P 136.21475
2.13 ksi ............................................................................. Ans.
2A
2 4 8
2-38
n
P
1 cos 2
2 0.200 0.120
P
max
P
Pmax
13.60 106
N m2
435.2 103 N
P
30
2 0.200 0.120
sin 2
30
5.25 106
N m2
291.0 103 N
P
2A
P
2 0.200 0.120
8.75 106
N m2
420 103 N
291 kN .................................................................................................................. Ans.
2-39*
n
P
1 cos 2
2 4 1
P
sin 2
2 4 1
Optimum angle occurs when
sin 2
1 cos 2
90
(b)
9 ksi
n
12 ksi and
9 ksi
9
12

(a)
12 ksi
36.870
53.13 ...................................................................................................... Ans.
75.0 kip .................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-40*
TAB
500 kN (T)
TBC
300 kN (T)
Ttop
250 kN (T)
(a) On plane aa
500 103
n
18.75 106
N m2
500 103
n
1 cos 2 30
2 0.200 0.100
2 0.200 0.100
10.83 106
18.75 MPa (T) ............................Ans.
sin 2 30
N m2
10.83 MPa ..............................Ans.
(b) The maximum stresses in the bar occur in the section with the maximum load
Pmax
max
max
TAB
P
A
P
2A
500 kN (T)
500 103
0.200 0.100
500 103
2 0.200 0.100
25.0 106
N m2
12.50 106
25.0 MPa (T) .................... Ans.
N m2
12.50 MPa ................... Ans.
2-41
There are two bolts and they each carry a normal force of N
and a shear force of V . Equilibrium of the eyebar gives
Fn
0:
2N
P cos 30
Ft
0:
2V
P sin 30
12
0.5
4
P cos 30
2
kip
P 5.441 kip
V
P sin 30
2
0.5
4
kip
P 6.283 kip
Pmax
5.44 kip ................................................................................................................ Ans.
2-42
n
P
1 cos 2
2 0.050 0.100
P
2 0.050 0.100
Optimum angle occurs when
sin 2
1 cos 2
(b)
90
5 106
3 106
N m 2 and
N m2
N m2
n
3 106
N m2
30
50

(a)
sin 2
5 106
30.964
59.036 .................................................................................................... Ans.
P 34.0 103 N 34.0 kN ........................................................................................ Ans.
2-43
P
1 cos 2
2 3 3
P
n
2 3 3
n
800
n
500
When
psi
P
1 cos 2
14, 400
P
sin 2
9000
37 the shear stress reaches its maximum value
Pmax
When
sin 2
psi
500 1 first at which point
9.36 kip ................................................................................................................ Ans.
25 the normal stress reaches its maximum value
Pmax
800 1 first at which point
8.77 kip ................................................................................................................ Ans.
For simultaneous control

n
800
P
1 cos 2
14, 400
sin 2
1 cos 2
2sin cos
2 cos 2
P
sin 2
9000
tan
500
9000
14, 400
32.01 ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
2-44
250 103
n
2 0.100 0.025
50 1 cos 2
90
MPa
250 103
n
N m2
1 cos 2
2 0.100 0.025
N m2
sin 2
50sin 2 MPa
For
80 MPa and
60 MPa
250 kN
30
63
P 305 kN
30
40
50
54
P 350 kN
30
2-45*
The given values are
x
n
ab
nt
20 ksi
10 ksi
sin 2
cos 2
20 cos 2
26
xy
xy
0 ksi
ab
26
sin cos
10 sin 2
26
2 0 sin
26 cos
26
14.23 ksi 14.23 ksi (T) ................................................................................ Ans.

x
20
ab
sin cos
10 sin
xy
cos 2
26 cos
sin 2
26
0 cos 2
26
sin 2
26
11.82 ksi .............................................................................................................. Ans.
2-46*
x
n
95 MPa
x
cos 2
95 cos 2 110
ab
nt
125 MPa
sin 2
xy
xy
0 MPa
ab
110
sin cos
125 sin 2 110
2 0 sin 110 cos 110
121.5 MPa 121.5 MPa (T) ......................................................................... Ans.

x
95
ab
sin cos
xy
cos 2
125 sin 110 cos 110
sin 2
0 cos 2 110
sin 2 110
9.64 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
2-47
x
0 ksi
cos 2
0 cos 2 30
ab
nt
sin 2
xy
xy
15 ksi
ab
30
sin cos
0 sin 2 30
2 15 sin 30 cos 30
12.99 ksi 12.99 ksi (T) ............................................................................... Ans.

x
0
ab
0 ksi
sin cos
xy
cos 2
0 sin 30 cos 30
sin 2
15 cos 2 30
sin 2 30
7.50 ksi ................................................................................................................ Ans.
2-48*
x
65 MPa
cos 2
y
y
sin 2
65 cos 2 145
ab
nt
xy
75 MPa
xy
ab
145
sin cos
125 sin 2 145
2 75 sin 145 cos 145
155.2 MPa 155.2 MPa (C) ........................................................................ Ans.

x
65
ab
125 MPa
sin cos
xy
cos 2
sin 2
125 sin 145 cos 145
75 cos 2 145
sin 2 145
53.8 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
2-49
x
n
18 ksi
x
cos 2
18 cos 2 155
ab
nt
4.37 ksi
x
18
ab
6 ksi
sin 2
xy
xy
15 ksi
ab
155
sin cos
6 sin 2 155
2 15 sin 155 cos 155
4.37 ksi (T) .................................................................................... Ans.

sin cos
xy
cos 2
6 sin 155 cos 155
sin 2
15 cos 2 155
sin 2 155
14.24 ksi .............................................................................................................. Ans.
2-50
x
170 MPa
cos 2
0 MPa
sin 2
170 cos 2 145

ab
nt
48.3 MPa
x
170
ab
xy
70 MPa
xy
ab
145
sin cos
0 sin 2 145
70 sin 145 cos 145
48.3 MPa (C) ............................................................................. Ans.
sin cos
xy
cos 2
0 sin 145 cos 145
sin 2
70 cos 2 145
sin 2 145
103.8 MPa .......................................................................................................... Ans.
2-51*
x
0 psi
cos 2
0 cos 2 166
n
nt
sin 2
xy
312.5 psi
xy
0 psi
166
sin cos
312.5 sin 2 166
2 0 sin 166 cos 166
18.29 psi 18.29 psi (C) ................................................................................. Ans.

x
0
n
5000
4 4
sin cos
xy
cos 2
sin 2
312.5 sin 166 cos 166
0 cos 2 166
sin 2 166
73.4 psi ................................................................................................................. Ans.
2-52*
400 103
x
0.100 0.040
100 106
N m2
0 MPa
xy
y
n
cos 2
100 cos
y
2
70.3 MPa
nt
100
ab
sin 2
33
xy
0 sin
100 MPa
0 MPa
33
sin cos
33
2 0 sin
33 cos
33
70.3 MPa (T) ............................................................................... Ans.

sin cos
0 sin
xy
cos 2
33 cos
33
sin 2
0 cos 2
33
sin 2
33
45.7 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
2-53
x
0 psi
cos 2
sin 2
P
psi
9
2
xy
P 9 sin 2 53.13
xy
0 ksi
aa
tan
4
3
53.130
sin cos
0
800 psi
P 11, 250 lb
nt
sin cos
xy
cos 2
P 9 sin 53.13 cos 53.13
sin 2
0
500 psi
P 9375 lb
P 9.37 kip ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-54
x
0 MPa
xy
nt
0
(a)
P
n
ab
sin cos
50 P sin
638.51 103 N
x
0
(b)
P
0.100 0.200
cos 2
xy
cos 2
35 cos
ab
35
sin 2
35
15 106
N m2
639 kN (C) ............................................................................. Ans.

sin 2
xy
sin cos
50 638.51 103 sin 2
10.52 106
50 P N m 2
N m2
35
10.52 MPa (C) .......................................................... Ans.
2-55*
x
xy
0 ksi
cos 2
32 b 2 ksi
sin 2
32 b 2 sin 2
20
xy
20
sin cos
0
3.5 ksi
b 1.034 in.
nt
sin cos
32 b 2
sin
xy
cos 2
20 cos
sin 2
20
0.8 ksi
b 3.59 in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-56
x
P
0.2 0.12
x
41.667 P N m 2
cos 2
sin 2
41.667 P cos 2
nt
Pmax
xy
30
xy
0 MPa
30
sin cos
0
13.60 106
N m2
435.2 103 N
sin cos
41.667 P
P
0 sin
xy
cos 2
30 cos
sin 2
30
5.25 106
N m2
291 103 N
291 kN .................................................................................................................. Ans.
2-57*
x
0 ksi
cos 2
0
nt
sin 2
2
0.8
tan
2
2
xy
0.8 0.6
xy
53.130
sin
0.8000
cos
0.6000
sin cos
0.8 0.6
xy
sin cos
4
3
cos 2
xy
0.6
0.64
0.96
xy
4800 psi
0.48
0.28
xy
1500 psi
4800 psi
sin 2
2
0.8
1500 psi
(a)
xy
5100 psi ............................................................................................................... Ans.
(b)
150 psi 150 psi (C) ........................................................................................ Ans.
2-58*
y
(a)
x
nt
0 MPa
x
cos 2
cos 2
ab
90
ab
tan
5
112.620
12
sin cos
xy
2 25 sin
ab
cos
ab
15 MPa
221 MPa (T) ........................................................................... Ans.
sin cos
221.398
(b)
sin 2
0
ab
221.398 MPa
x
25 MPa
xy
0 sin
xy
ab
cos 2
cos
ab
sin 2
25 cos 2
ab
sin 2
ab
61.0 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
2-59
(a) The given values are
x
n
18 ksi
x
cos 2
sin 2
18 cos 2
xy
19
ab
sin cos
xy
13 sin 2
19
6 ksi
19
2 6 sin
19 cos
19
13.78 ksi 13.78 ksi (T) ................................................................................ Ans.
ab
nt
18
ab
13 ksi
sin cos
13 sin
xy
cos 2
19 cos
sin 2
6 cos 2
19
19
sin 2
19
6.27 ksi ................................................................................................................ Ans.
(b) The given values are

x
n
18 ksi
x
cos 2
18 cos 2 26
n
21.77 ksi
nt
18
nt
t
sin 2
xy
xy
6 ksi
26
116
sin cos
13 sin 2 26
2 6 sin 26 cos 26
21.77 ksi (T) ................................................................................ Ans.

sin cos
xy
cos 2
13 sin 26 cos 26
sin 2
6 cos 2 26
sin 2 26
1.724 ksi .............................................................................................................. Ans.

x
cos 2
18 cos 2 116
t
13 ksi
sin 2
xy
sin cos
13 sin 2 116
2 6 sin 116 cos 116
9.23 ksi 9.23 ksi (T) ...................................................................................... Ans.
2-60*
(a) Using x-y-coordinates rotated to align with the n-t-coordinates
n
200 MPa
cos 2
sin 2
200 cos 2 135
xy
50 MPa
nt
0 MPa
xy
aa
135
sin cos
50 sin 2 135
125.0 MPa 125.0 MPa (T) ........................................................................ Ans.
aa
nt
200
aa
sin cos
cos 2
xy
sin 2
50 sin 135 cos 135
75.0 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
(b) Using the original coordinate system with the x- and y-axes horizontal and vertical
n
18
200 MPa
50 MPa
50
nt
0 MPa
200
185.7 MPa (T) .........
108
x
x
cos 2 18
cos 2 108
x
sin 2 18
y
sin 2 108
sin 18 cos 18
64.3 MPa (T) ...........
xy
xy
sin 18 cos 18
xy
sin 108 cos 108
xy
cos 2 18
sin 2 18
44.1 MPa ........... Ans.
2-61
x
xy
nt
8
(b)
aa
8 cos 2 126.870
5.3333 ksi
0 ksi
8 ksi
(a)
8 ksi
sin cos
0 sin
aa
cos
90
xy
tan
3
126.870
4
sin126.870 cos126.870
5.33 ksi ................................................................... Ans.

xy
aa
cos 2
sin 2
5.3333 cos 2
aa
sin 2
aa
5.33 ksi ................................................................................................................. Ans.
2-62
y
15 MPa
(a)
(b)
0 MPa
x
nt
15
221.40 MPa
x
ab
cos 2 112.620
90
tan
5
112.620
12
2 25 sin 112.620 cos 112.620
221 MPa (T) ........................................................................... Ans.
sin cos
221.40
ab
25 MPa
xy
0 sin
xy
ab
cos 2
cos
ab
sin 2
25 cos 2
ab
sin 2
ab
61.0 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
2-63*
y
cos 2
cos 2 35
x max
sin 2
2
x
nt
0 ksi
xy
2
x
35
xy
sin cos
sin 2 35
10 ksi
7.52451 ksi
sin cos
xy
cos 2
sin 35 cos 35
14.8985 ksi
sin 2
0
7 ksi
7.52 ksi .......................................................................................................... Ans.

2-64
225
0 MPa
bc
(b)
125
225 MPa
cc
(a)
126.870
bb
125 MPa
bb
36.870
cos 2 126.87
x
cc
sin 2 126.87
sin 2 36.87
sin 126.87 cos 126.87
cos 2 36.87
y
y
y
0.3600
0.6400
0.9600
xy
0.6400
0.3600
0.9600
xy
0.4800
0.4800
0.2800
xy
99.0 MPa
125
225
0
99.0 MPa (C) .............................................................................. Ans.
xy
168.0 MPa .......................................................................................................... Ans.
1.000 MPa 1.000 MPa (C) ......................................................................... Ans.
xy
168.0 MPa .......................................................................................................... Ans.
2-65
ab
ab
x
P
ksi
4
12 ksi
12
9 ksi
sin cos
2
x cos
tan
18.750 ksi
cos 2
x
P 4
0 ksi
xy
0 ksi
0 sin cos
9
12
36.870 ...................................................... Ans.
75.0 kip .................................................... Ans.
2-66
(a)
(b) At
60 cos2
nt
nt
60
sin cos
0 sin cos
xy
sin cos
40 sin cos
xy
cos 2
MPa .............................................. Ans.

sin 2
40 cos 2
sin 2
MPa ........................ Ans.
80 MPa .........................................Ans.
20 MPa .......................................Ans.
0 MPa .................................................Ans.
108.435
max
At
sin 2
0 MPa .................................................Ans.
63.435
min
(c) At
153.435
max
At
cos 2
50 MPa ..........................................Ans.
30 MPa ..............................................Ans.
18.435
min
50 MPa .............................................................................................................. Ans.

30 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-67
(a)
cos 2
18 cos 2
n
nt
18
(b) At
xy
13 sin 2
sin cos
13 sin cos
sin cos
2 6 sin cos
xy
cos 2
ksi ..................................... Ans.
sin 2
6 cos 2
sin 2
ksi ................................ Ans.
22 ksi ............................................Ans.
9 ksi ...............................................Ans.
0 MPa .................................................Ans.
168.69
max
At
0 MPa .................................................Ans.
123.69
min
(c) At
sin 2
33.69
max
At
6.5 ksi ............................................Ans.
15.5 ksi ..............................................Ans.

78.69
max
6.5 ksi ................................................................................................................. Ans.

15.5 ksi ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-68
Note that the on the figure is for the surface rather
than for the normal to the surface. Therefore, need to
use
90
in the transformation equations.
n
cos 2
xy
sin 2
sin cos
10 cos 2
70 sin 2
2 40 sin cos
nt
10
sin cos
xy
cos 2
sin 2
70 sin cos
40 cos 2
sin 2
2-69
x
When
p
n
15 ksi
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
xy
8 ksi
2 8
15
10
16.310 , 73.690
16.310
x
cos 2
15 cos 2
sin 2
17.341 ksi
p1
max
n 45
(a)
10 ksi
p1
p1
xy
10 sin 2
sin cos
2 8 sin
cos
p2
12.341 ksi
p2
p2
p2
2 14.841 ksi
2.500 ksi
p1
12.34 ksi (T)
73.69 ..................................................................................... Ans.
p2
17.34 ksi (C)
16.31 ..................................................................................... Ans.
max
14.841 ksi .................................................................................................... Ans.
2-70
x
When
p
n
50 MPa
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
xy
2 40
50
20
40 MPa
34.722 ,
55.278
34.722
x
cos 2
50 cos 2
sin 2
p2
max
n 45
p1
p1
p2
xy
p
sin cos
2 40 sin
cos
p1
7.720 MPa
p1
20 sin 2
77.720 MPa
(a)
20 MPa
p2
2 42.720 MPa
2 35.00 MPa
p1
77.7 MPa (T)
34.72 ................................................................................... Ans.
p2
7.72 MPa (C)
55.28 ................................................................................... Ans.
max
42.7 MPa .................................................................................................... Ans.
2-71
x
When
p
n
15 ksi
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
xy
8 ksi
2 8
15
10
16.310 , 73.690
16.310
x
cos 2
15 cos 2
sin 2
17.341 ksi
p1
max
n 45
(a)
10 ksi
p1
p1
xy
10 sin 2
sin cos
2 8 sin
cos
p2
12.341 ksi
p2
p2
p2
2 14.841 ksi
2.500 ksi
p1
12.34 ksi (T)
73.69 ..................................................................................... Ans.
p2
17.34 ksi (C)
16.31 ..................................................................................... Ans.
max
14.841 ksi .................................................................................................... Ans.
2-72
x
When
p
n
200 MPa
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
xy
2 25
200
0
25 MPa
7.018 ,
82.982
7.018
x
cos 2
200 cos 2
sin 2
p2
max
n 45
p1
p2
xy
sin cos
2 25 sin
cos
p1
3.078 MPa
p1
p1
203.078 MPa
(a)
0 MPa
p2
2 103.078 MPa
2 100.00 MPa
p1
203 MPa (T)
7.02 ....................................................................................... Ans.
p2
3.08 MPa (C)
82.98 ................................................................................... Ans.
max
103.1 MPa .................................................................................................. Ans.
2-73
x
When
p
n
12 ksi
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
xy
2
12
6 ksi
18.435 , 71.565
18.435
x
cos 2
12 cos 2
p2
max
n 45
4 sin 2
xy
sin cos
6 sin
cos
p1
6.000 ksi
p1
p1
p1
sin 2
14.000 ksi
(a)
4 ksi
p2
p2
2 10.000 ksi
2 4.000 ksi
p1
14.00 ksi (T)
18.43 ..................................................................................... Ans.
p2
6.00 ksi (C)
71.57 ...................................................................................... Ans.
max
10.00 ksi ...................................................................................................... Ans.
2-74
x
When
p
n
75 MPa
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
xy
2
75
35 MPa
35
25
17.496 , 72.504
17.496
x
cos 2
75 cos 2
sin 2
p2
max
n 45
sin cos
35 sin
cos
36.033 MPa
p1
p2
xy
p1
p1
p1
25 sin 2
86.033 MPa
(a)
25 MPa
p2
2 61.033 MPa
2 25.00 MPa
p1
86.0 MPa (T)
17.50 .................................................................................... Ans.
p2
36.0 MPa (C)
72.50 ................................................................................... Ans.
max
61.0 MPa .................................................................................................... Ans.
2-75
x
When
p
n
25 ksi
1
tan
2
p2
(a)
10 ksi
xy
2 10
25
12
28.488 , 61.512
28.488
cos 2
x
p1
max
y
p2
sin 2
12 sin 2
30.427 ksi
max
1
tan
2
xy
25 cos 2
12 ksi
xy
sin cos
2
10 sin
cos
p1
p1
6.573 ksi
2 11.927 ksi
min
2 15.213 ksi
18.500 ksi
15.213 ksi
p1
30.43 ksi (T)
28.49 ..................................................Ans.
p2
6.57 ksi (T)
61.51 ...................................................Ans.
11.93 ksi .............................
max
15.21 ksi ...................................................... Ans.
2-76
x
When
p
n
36 MPa
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
cos 2
sin 2
p2
(a)
x
p1
max
33.690 ,
56.310
y
p2
xy
p
sin cos
2 12 sin
p1
cos
18.000 MPa
2 13.00 MPa
min
p1
p1
44.0 MPa (T)
p2
18.00 MPa (T)
2 12
36
26
26 sin 2
44.000 MPa
max
12 MPa
xy
33.690
36 cos 2
26 MPa
22.00 MPa
31.00 MPa
22.00 MPa
33.69 ................................................Ans.
56.31 ................................................................................. Ans.
13.00 MPa .........................
max
22.0 MPa .................................................... Ans.
2-77
x
When
p
n
2 ksi
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
xy
2
2
8 ksi
26.565 , 63.435
14
26.565
x
cos 2
2 cos 2
p2
max
n 45
14 sin 2
xy
sin cos
p
8 sin
cos
p1
18.00 ksi
p1
p1
p1
sin 2
2.000 ksi
(a)
14 ksi
p2
p2
2 10.00 ksi
8.00 ksi
p1
2.00 ksi (T)
26.57 ....................................................................................... Ans.
p2
18.00 ksi (C)
63.43 .................................................................................... Ans.
max
10.00 ksi ...................................................................................................... Ans.
2-78
x
When
p
n
170 MPa
1
tan
2
0 MPa
y
xy
1
tan
2
2 70
170
0
70 MPa
xy
19.736 ,
70.264
19.736
x
cos 2
sin 2
170 cos 2
195.114 MPa
p1
max
n 45
p2
xy
sin cos
70 sin
cos
p2
25.114 MPa
p2
p1
p1
p2
2 110.114 MPa
85.00 MPa
p1
25.1 MPa (T)
70.26 ................................................................................... Ans.
p2
195.1 MPa (C)
19.74 ................................................................................. Ans.
max
110.1 MPa .................................................................................................. Ans.
2-79
x
When
p
n
0 ksi
1
tan
2
xy
1
tan
2
xy
2 15
0
0
15 ksi
45.00 ,
45.00
45.00
x
cos 2
max
n 45
xy
sin cos
cos
p1
15.00 ksi
p1
p1
p1
2 15 sin
15.00 ksi
p2
sin 2
p2
p2
2 15.00 ksi
2 0 ksi
p1
15.00 ksi (T)
45.00 ..................................................................................... Ans.
p2
15.00 ksi (C)
45.00 .................................................................................... Ans.
max
15.00 ksi ...................................................................................................... Ans.
2-80
x
n
ab
27 MPa
27 cos 2
45 MPa
45 sin 2
57
xy
57
0 MPa
ab
57
23.6 MPa(T) ...................................................... Ans.

27
nt
ab
45 sin
57 cos
57
32.9 MPa .......................................................... Ans.
(b) Since there are no shear stresses on the horizontal and vertical surfaces, they are principal surfaces and the
stresses on them are principal stresses.
p1
p2
max
n 45
45 MPa
27 MPa
p1
p1
p2
p2
2 36.00 MPa
2 9.00 MPa
p1
45.0 MPa (T)
.................................................................................................. Ans.
p2
27.0 MPa (C)
............................................................................................... Ans.
max
36.0 MPa .................................................................................................... Ans.
2-81
(T)
We know that
(C)
y
x
p1
xy
8 ksi
and that
p1
which gives
p2
20 ksi
8 ksi
p2
2
x
12 ksi
p1
2
xy
8
2
12 ksi
27.71281 ksi
Therefore
x
When
9.85641 ksi
1
tan
2
15.00
2
x
9.85641 cos 2
12 ksi
2 8
1
tan 1
15.00 ,
2
27.71281
xy
cos 2
17.85641 ksi
sin 2
p
xy
75.00
sin cos
17.85641 sin 2
2 8 sin
cos
p1
9.86 ksi (T) ............................................................................................................ Ans.
17.86 ksi (C) .......................................................................................................... Ans.
p1
15.00 ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-83
y
cos 2
4
cos 2
sin 2
30
xy
xy
0 ksi
30
sin cos
sin 2
xy
cos 2
sin 2
30 cos
30
30
300 psi
92.3 psi
nt
4
C
sin cos
C
sin
125 psi
96.2 psi
C max
92.3 psi .......................................................................................................... Ans.
2-84
x
10 MPa
cos 2
xy
28
ab
sin cos
70 sin 2
sin cos
40 MPa
xy
28
2 40 sin
28 cos
28
56.4 MPa (C) ............................................................................. Ans.
10
xy
70 sin
cos 2
28 cos
sin 2
40 cos 2
28
28
sin 2
28
47.2 MPa ..........................................................................................Ans.
ab
1
tan
2
When
28
56.4 MPa
nt
(b)
sin 2
10 cos 2
ab
70 MPa
1
tan
2
xy
2 40
10
70
26.565 ,
63.435
26.565
p
n
cos 2
10 cos 2
max
n 45
xy
sin cos
p
2 40 sin
cos
p1
90.00 MPa
p1
p1
p1
70 sin 2
10.00 MPa
p2
sin 2
p2
p2
2 50.00 MPa
40.00 MPa
p1
10.00 MPa (T)
26.565 ............................................................................... Ans.
p2
90.0 MPa (C)
63.565 ................................................................................ Ans.
max
50.0 MPa .................................................................................................... Ans.
2-85
The given values for use in
drawing Mohrs circle are
x
p1
10 ksi
p2
0 ksi
p3
0 ksi
10 0
5 ksi
2
10 0
R
5 ksi
2
5 5cos 90
aa
aa
5sin 90
5 ksi (T) ................................................................Ans.
5 ksi (CW)
5 ksi ...................................................Ans.
2-86
x
xy
z
R
aa
aa
0 MPa
40 MPa
p3
0 MPa
40 MPa
p2
40 MPa
40 MPa (C) ...................................................Ans.
0 MPa ................................................................................................Ans.
2-87
12 ksi
p1
p2
p3
16 ksi
0 ksi
12
16
2
R
ab
ab
12
16
2
2 ksi
14 ksi
2 14 cos 52
14sin 52
6.62 ksi (T) .....................................................Ans.
11.03 ksi (CCW)
11.03 ksi .............................Ans.
2-88
The given values for use in drawing Mohrs circle are
27 MPa
p2
p1
45 MPa
p3
0 MPa
27 45
2
a
R
ab
ab
45
9 MPa
27
36 MPa
2
9 36 cos 66 23.6 MPa (T) ....................................................Ans.
36sin 66
32.9 MPa (CW)
32.9 MPa .............................Ans.
2-89
x
25 ksi
7 ksi
xy
12 ksi
p3
0 ksi
25 7
16.00 ksi
2
92 122
15.00 ksi
p1
1
12
tan 1
26.57 (CCW)
2 2
9
16.00 15.00 31.0 ksi (T)
26.57 ......................................................... Ans.
p2
16.00 15.00 1.0 ksi (T)
p1
p
max
63.43 ............................................................ Ans.
R 15 ksi ................................................................................................................ Ans.

max
min
31 0 2 15.5 ksi (out of plane) ............................. Ans.
2-90
x
50 MPa
20 MPa
xy
40 MPa
p3
0 MPa
50 20
2
152
p1
max
2
p
35.00 MPa
402
42.72 MPa
1
40
tan 1
34.72 (CCW)
2
15
R 42.7 MPa .........................................................Ans.
p1
35.00 42.7 77.7 MPa (T)
p2
35.00 42.72
7.72 MPa
34.72 ....................Ans.
7.72 MPa (C)
55.28 .......................... Ans.
2-91
x
15 ksi
10 ksi
xy
8 ksi
p3
0 ksi
15 10
2
2.50 ksi
12.52 82
14.841 ksi
p2
p1
p2
max
1
8
tan 1
16.31 (CW)
2 2
12.5
2.50 14.84 12.34 ksi (T)
73.69 ........... Ans.
2.50 14.84
p
17.34 ksi 17.34 ksi (C)
16.31 ............................. Ans.
R 14.84 ksi .............................................................................................. Ans.
2-92
x
50 MPa
xy
25 MPa
p3
252
p1
max
252
25.00 MPa
35.355 MPa
1
25
tan 1
2
25
2
p
0 MPa
0 MPa
50 0 2
22.50 (CCW)
R 35.4 MPa .........................................................Ans.
p1
25.0 35.4 60.4 MPa (T)
p2
25.00 35.36
22.50 .......................Ans.
10.36 MPa 10.36 MPa (C)
67.50 ...................... Ans.
2-93
x
25 ksi
12 ksi
xy
z
10 ksi
p3
0 ksi
25 12
18.50 ksi
2
6.52 102
11.927 ksi
p1
1
10
tan 1
28.488 (CW)
2 2
6.5
18.5 11.9 30.4 ksi (T)
28.49 ................... Ans.
p2
18.50 11.93 6.57 ksi (T)
p1
p
max
61.51 .............. Ans.
R 11.93 ksi .....................................................................................Ans.

max
min
30.427 0 2 15.21 ksi (out of plane) .................. Ans.
2-94
x
y
xy
z
60 MPa
p3
0 MPa
902 602
R
p1
10.00 MPa
108.17 MPa
1
60
tan 1
16.845 (CW)
2
90
p1
10.0 108.2 98.2 MPa (T)
p2
10.0 108.2
max
(b)
100 MPa
80 100
2
(a)
80 MPa
ab
ab
16.85 ...................................................... Ans.
118.2 MPa 118.2 MPa (C)
73.15 ...................... Ans.
R 108.2 MPa .....................................................................Ans.
10 108.17 cos 62.310

108.17 sin 62.310
60.3 MPa
95.8 MPa (CW)
60.3 MPa (C) ....Ans.

95.8 MPa .............Ans.
2-95
x
8 ksi
0 ksi
xy
z
0 ksi
4.00 ksi
4 2 52
R
p1
p1
p2
max
(b)
p3
8 0
2
(a)
5 ksi
ab
ab
6.403 ksi
1
5
tan 1
25.670 (CW)
2 2
4
4.00 6.40 10.40 ksi (T)
25.67 ......................................Ans.
4.00 6.40
p
2.40 ksi
2.40 ksi (C)
64.33 .................Ans.
6.40 ksi ...........................................................................Ans.
4.00 6.403cos 54.920

6.403sin 54.920
7.68 ksi (T) ...................................Ans.
5.24 ksi (CCW)
5.24 ksi ...................Ans.
2-96
x
20 MPa
120 MPa
xy
z
0 MPa
502 802
R
p1
70.00 MPa
94.340 MPa
1
80
tan 1
2
50
28.997 (CCW)
p1
70.00 94.3 164.3 MPa (T)
p2
70.00 94.3
max
(b)
p3
20 120
2
(a)
80 MPa
ab
ab
24.3 MPa
61.00 ...................................................... Ans.
24.3 MPa (C)
29.00 ............................. Ans.
R 94.3 MPa ................................................................... Ans.
70 94.340 cos 5.995

94.340sin 5.995
163.82 MPa (T) ........................... Ans.
9.85 MPa (CCW) 9.85 MPa ........... Ans.
2-97
x
12 ksi
6 ksi
xy
10 ksi
12
92 102
3.00 ksi
13.454 ksi
p1
1
10
tan 1
24.006 (CCW)
2 2
9
3.00 13.45 16.45 ksi (T)
24.01 .......................................................... Ans.
p2
3.00 13.45
p1
max
(b)
0 ksi
(a)
p3
ab
ab
10.45 ksi 10.45 ksi (C)
65.99 ................................ Ans.
R 13.45 ksi .............................................................................................. Ans.
3.00 13.454 cos 71.987

13.454sin 71.987
1.160 ksi 1.160 ksi (C) ......Ans.
12.79 ksi (CCW) 12.79 ksi ...............Ans.
2-98*
The given stress values are:
x
40 MPa
xy
40 MPa
yz
20 MPa
0 MPa
20 MPa
zx
30 MPa
40
y
z
75
54
Then
Sx
cos
yx
cos
zx
cos
Sy
40 cos 40
xy cos x
40 cos 75
y cos y
30 cos 54
zy cos z
Sz
40 cos 40
xz cos x
20 cos 75
yz cos y
0 25.465 MPa
z cos z
30 cos 40
0 20 cos 54
S x2
S
n
S y2
S x cos
S z2
S y cos
58.628cos 40
n
71.920 MPa
S2
2
n
58.628
y
58.628 MPa
34.737 MPa
2
S z cos
25.465
34.737
72.749 MPa
25.465cos 75
34.737 cos 54
71.9 MPa (T) ............................................................................ Ans.

72.749
71.920
10.95 MPa ...................................... Ans.
2-99*
x
14 ksi
xy
4 ksi
yz
12 ksi
4 ksi
10 ksi
zx
0 ksi
40
y
z
60
66.2
Then
Sx
cos
yx
cos
Sy
14 cos 40
xy cos x
Sz
4 cos 40 12 cos 60
xz cos x
yz cos y
4 cos 60
y cos y
0 4 cos 60
S x2
S y2
zx
cos
0 12.7246 ksi
zy cos z
4 cos 66.2
z cos z
10 cos 66.2
S z2
12.7246
7.4500 ksi
2.0355 ksi
2
2.0355
14.8849 ksi
S x cos
12.7246 cos 40 7.4500 cos 60 2.0355cos 66.2

14.2939 ksi 14.29 ksi (T) ............................................................................... Ans.
S2
2
n
S z cos
7.4500
S y cos
14.8849
14.2939
4.15 ksi ........................................ Ans.
2-100
60 MPa
120 MPa
xy
90 MPa
60 MPa
yz
75 MPa
zx
90 MPa
60
y
z
70
37.3
Then
Sx
cos
yx
cos
zx
cos
120 cos 70
y cos y
90 cos 37.3
zy cos z
142.6347 MPa
Sy
60 cos 60
xy cos x
90 cos 70
yz cos y
75cos 37.3
z cos z
150.4421 MPa
Sz
120 cos 60
xz cos x
90 cos 60
75cos 70
60 cos 37.3
S x2
S y2
S z2
142.6347
118.3797
238.7283 MPa
S x cos
142.6347 cos 60 150.4421cos 70 118.3797 cos 37.3

216.9390 MPa 217 MPa (T) ........................................................................ Ans.
S2
2
n
S z cos
150.4421
S y cos
118.3797 MPa
238.7283
216.9390
99.6 MPa ............................... Ans.
2-101*
x
0 ksi
6 ksi
xy
10 ksi
yz
But
cos 2
Therefore
cos
cos
cos 2
y
cos
8 ksi
zx
cos 2
Sx
cos
yx
cos
zx
cos
0 6 8
Sy
xy
cos
cos
zy
cos
6 0 10
Sz
xz
cos
yz
cos
cos
8 10 0
3 10.3923 ksi
S x2
S y2
S z2
8.0839
10.3923
16.0831 ksi
S x cos
16.00 ksi 16.00 ksi (T) .................................................................................... Ans.
S2
2
n
S z cos
9.2376
9.2376 ksi
S y cos
3 8.0829 ksi
16.0831
16.00
8.0829 9.2376 10.3923
1.633 ksi ........................................... Ans.
2-102
x
72 MPa
xy
21 MPa
yz
But
cos 2
Therefore
cos
cos
32 MPa
0 MPa
cos 2
cos 2
y
y
cos
zx
0 MPa
cos
yx
cos
zx
cos
72 21 21
Sy
xy
cos
cos
zy
cos
21 32 0
Sz
xz
cos
yz
cos
cos
21 0 0
S x2
n
S x cos
41.3333 MPa
S2
2
n
65.8179
S y cos
S z2
21 MPa
Sx
S y2
S z cos
6.3509
z
65.8179 MPa
6.3509 MPa
3 12.1244 MPa
12.1244
67.2260 MPa
65.8179 6.3509 12.1244
41.3 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.

67.2260
41.3333
53.0 MPa ................................... Ans.
2-103*
x
12 ksi
10 ksi
xy
8 ksi
yz
10 ksi
zx
3
p
10
p1
max
p2
int
p3
min
2
p
2
xy
2
y zx
412
7.3013 ksi
2
yz
2
zx
2
z xy
3152
22.1706 ksi
412 ksi 2
xy yz zx
3152 ksi3
22.2 ksi (T) .................................................................. Ans.

7.30 ksi (T) ...................................................................... Ans.
19.4719 ksi 19.47 ksi (C) ............................................................. Ans.
max
max
2
x yz
12 ksi
10 ksi
z
y
8 ksi
min
22.1706
19.4719
2
20.8 ksi ........................................ Ans.
2-104*
x
40 MPa
xy
40 MPa
yz
3
p
40
p1
max
p2
int
p3
min
2
xy
2
yz
2
y zx
2
p
2900
9.4107 MPa
20 MPa
zx
30 MPa
2900 MPa 2
30, 000 MPa 3
xy yz zx
30, 000
73.8 MPa (T) ........................................................... Ans.

9.41 MPa (T) ............................................................... Ans.
43.2014 MPa
min
2
zx
2
z xy
73.7908 MPa
max
max
2
x yz
0 MPa
40 MPa
z
y
20 MPa
43.2 MPa (C) ........................................................ Ans.
73.7908
43.2014
2
58.5 MPa .................................... Ans.
2-105
x
14 ksi
xy
4 ksi
yz
3
p
2
x yz
36
4 ksi
10 ksi
zx
0 ksi
36 ksi
z
y
12 ksi
2
p
2
xy
2
y zx
396
2
yz
2
zx
2
z xy
1296
396 ksi 2
xy yz zx
1296 ksi3
p1
max
18.00 ksi 18.00 ksi (T) ..................................................................... Ans.
p2
int
12.00 ksi 12.00 ksi (T) ....................................................................... Ans.
p3
min
6.00 ksi
max
max
min
6.00 ksi (T) ......................................................................... Ans.
18
6
2
6.00 ksi ................................................................... Ans.
2-106*
60 MPa
120 MPa
xy
3
p
max
p2
int
p3
min
60 MPa
yz
75 MPa
zx
90 MPa
2
xy
2
y zx
2
p
210
p1
2
yz
2
zx
2
z xy
13, 725
262.485 MPa
13, 725 MPa 2

xy yz zx
13,500
13,500 MPa 3
0
262 MPa (T) ............................................................ Ans.
1.000 MPa 1.000 MPa (C) ............................................................ Ans.

51.485 MPa
max
max
2
x yz
90 MPa
210 MPa
z
y
min
51.5 MPa (C) ........................................................... Ans.
262.485
51.485
2
157.0 MPa ..................................... Ans.
2-107
x
y
x
3
p
0 ksi
2
x yz
2
p
p1
max
p2
int
p3
min
2
xy
2
y zx
200
10 ksi
zx
8 ksi
2
yz
2
zx
2
z xy
p
960
200 ksi 2
xy yz zx
960 ksi3
16.1116 ksi 16.11 ksi (T) ................................................................. Ans.

5.7511 ksi
5.75 ksi (C) ................................................................... Ans.
10.3605 ksi 10.36 ksi (C) ............................................................. Ans.
max
max
yz
0 ksi
6 ksi
xy
min
16.1116
10.3605
2
13.24 ksi ...................................... Ans.
2-108
x
72 MPa
xy
21 MPa
yz
3
p
2
x yz
40
0 MPa
zx
0 MPa
21 MPa
40 MPa
z
y
32 MPa
2
xy
2
yz
2
y zx
2
p
3186
2
zx
2
z xy
p
3186 MPa 2
xy yz zx
14,112
14,112 MPa 3
p1
max
81.3151 MPa
81.3 MPa (T) ............................................................ Ans.
p2
int
4.7457 MPa
4.75 MPa (C) ............................................................ Ans.
p3
min
36.5695 MPa
max
max
min
36.6 MPa (C) ........................................................ Ans.
81.3151
36.5695
2
58.9 MPa ..................................... Ans.
2-109*
x
18 ksi
xy
15 ksi
yz
(a)
45 ksi
2
x yz
2
yz
2
y zx
9 ksi
zx
2
zx
2
z xy
216 ksi 2
6507 ksi3
xy yz zx
45
2
p
p1
max
9.1477 ksi 9.15 ksi (T) ..................................................................... Ans.
p2
int
p3
min
max
For
12 ksi
2
xy
12 ksi
3
p
max
(b)
15 ksi
216
6507
22.4191 ksi
22.4 ksi (C) ................................................................. Ans.
31.7286 ksi
31.7 ksi (C) ............................................................... Ans.
min
9.1477
2
p3
31.7286
20.4 ksi .......................................... Ans.
31.7286 ksi
31.7286
18 l
15 m
9 n 0
(1)
31.7286
15 m
15 l
12 n 0
(2)
31.7286
12 n
9 l
From Eqs. (2) and (3)
m2
n2
0.69919
0.70632
(3)
m 1.01021l
n
0.15827l
l2
12 m 0
0.11066
l2
1.01021l
0.15827l
x3
45.64 .............................................. Ans.
y3
45.06 .............................................. Ans.
z3
96.35 .............................................. Ans.
2-110*
x
75 MPa
35 MPa
55 MPa
xy
45 MPa
yz
28 MPa
zx
36 MPa
(a)
3
p
165 MPa
z
y
2
x yz
165
2
y zx
2
p
4570
2
zx
2
z xy
4570 MPa 2
19,560 MPa 3
xy yz zx
19,560
131.3380 MPa 131.3 MPa (T) ....................................................... Ans.
max
p2
int
28.4218 MPa
28.4 MPa (T) ............................................................ Ans.
p3
min
5.2399 MPa
5.24 MPa (T) ............................................................. Ans.
max
For
2
yz
p1
max
(b)
2
xy
min
2
p1
131.33880 5.2399
2
63.0 MPa ..................................... Ans.
131.3380 MPa
131.3380
75 l
45 m
36 n 0
(1)
131.3380
35 m
45 l
28 n 0
(2)
131.3380
55 n
36 l
28 m 0
(3)
m 0.67626l
n 0.71963l

l2
m2
n2
0.71153
0.48118
0.51204
l2
0.67626l
0.71963l
x1
44.64 .............................................. Ans.
y1
61.24 .............................................. Ans.
z1
59.20 .............................................. Ans.
2-111
x
18 ksi
xy
12 ksi
yz
(a)
3
p
2
p
36
p1
max
p2
int
p3
min
(b)
For
2
xy
2
yz
2
y zx
135
6 ksi
zx
9 ksi
135 ksi 2
2484 ksi3
xy yz zx
2484
28.0 ksi (T) .................................................................. Ans.
14.2186 ksi 14.22 ksi (T) .................................................................. Ans.

6.2355 ksi
min
6.24 ksi (C) .................................................................. Ans.
28.0170
2
p1
2
zx
2
z xy
28.0170 ksi
max
max
2
x yz
6 ksi
36 ksi
z
y
12 ksi
6.2355
17.13 ksi ........................................ Ans.
28.0170 ksi
28.0170
18 l
12 m
28.0170
12 m
12 l
28.0170
6 n
(1)
6 n 0
(2)
6 m 0
(3)
m 0.66384l
n 0.22787l

l2
9 l
9 n 0
m2
n2
0.81852
0.54336
0.18652
l2
0.66384l
0.22787l
x1
35.06 .............................................. Ans.
y1
57.09 .............................................. Ans.
z1
79.25 .............................................. Ans.
2-112
x
100 MPa
xy
50 MPa
yz
(a)
3
p
80
p1
max
p2
int
p3
min
max
max
(b)
For
p3
70 MPa
2
p
2
xy
2
x yz
80 MPa
64 MPa
zx
80 MPa
z
y
100 MPa
2
yz
2
zx
2
y zx
2
z xy
21, 496
21, 496 MPa 2

632, 400 MPa 3
xy yz zx
632, 400
179.9330 MPa 179.9 MPa (T) ....................................................... Ans.

27.5659 MPa
27.6 MPa (T) ............................................................ Ans.
127.4990 MPa 127.5 MPa (C) .................................................... Ans.

min
179.9330
127.4990
2
127.4990 MPa
127.4990
100 l
127.4990
l2
l
m2
n2
0.13004
0.95094
0.28073
50 m
100 m
127.4990
153.7160 MPa ....................... Ans.
80 n
50 l
64 l
m
n
7.31291l
2.15885l
l2
7.31591l
64 n 0
(1)
70 n 0
70 m 0
2.15885l
(2)
(3)
x3
82.53 .............................................. Ans.
y3
161.98 ............................................ Ans.
z3
106.30 ............................................ Ans.
2-113*
From a free-body diagram of the ring C,
Fx
Fy
0:
TCE sin15
0:
TCE cos15
TCE
2070.552 lb
TBC
535.898 lb
TBC
2000 0
Then, from a free-body diagram of the ring B

Fx
Fy
0:
TBC TAB cos15

TAB sin15
0:
TAB
0
0
554.803 lb
P 143.594 lb
AB
CE
TAB
A
554.803
TCE
A
2070.552
0.25
0.25
4
4
11,302 psi 11.30 ksi (T) ............................................... Ans.

42,181 psi
42.2 ksi (T) ................................................. Ans.
2-114*
From a free-body diagram of the pin B, the equations of equilibrium give
Fx
Fy
0:
TAB TBC cos 60

TBC sin 60
0:
TAB
75 0
43.30127 kN
TBC
43.30127 103
AB
TAB
AAB
86.60254103
BC
TBC
ABC
AAB
ABC
6
AAB
577 10
ABC
1155 10
m2
6
m2
86.60254 kN
75 106
N m2
75 106
N m2
577 mm 2 ...................................................................................... Ans.

1155 mm 2 ................................................................................... Ans.
V
A
43,301.27
100 106 N/m 2
2
dA 4
V
A
86, 602.54
100 106 N/m 2
dC2 4
dA
23.5 10
dC
33.2 10
m 33.2 mm .......................................................................................... Ans.
23.5 mm .......................................................................................... Ans.
2-115
From a free-body diagram of the pin B,
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAB
TAB cos 30
TAB sin 30
7500 lb
TBC cos 30
TBC sin 30
TBC
7500 0
7500 lb
Then, from a free-body diagram of the pin B

Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAC cos 60
TAC sin 60
TAC
7794.229 lb
12, 000 lb
AC
CD
ACD
TAC
A
TCD
A
TCD cos 30
TCD sin 30
7794.229
5277 psi
1.477
12, 000
3500 psi
ACD
TBC cos 30
TBC sin 30
9000 0
5.28 ksi (T) ........................................................ Ans.
3.43 in.2 ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
2-116*
n
P
1 cos 2 65
2 0.150 0.180
12 106
N m2
P 1.814 106 N
n
P
sin 2 65
2 0.150 0.180
1.40 106
N m2
P 98.7 103 N
Pmax
98.7 kN .............................................................................Ans.
2-117
x
12 ksi
x
cos 2
12 cos 2 23
ab
nt
sin 2
xy
xy
7 ksi
ab
23
sin cos
28 sin 2 23
2 7 sin 23 cos 23
19.48 ksi 19.48 ksi (T) ...........................................................Ans.

x
12
ab
28 ksi
sin cos
xy
cos 2
28 sin 23 cos 23
sin 2
7 cos 2 23
sin 2 23
10.62 ksi .........................................................................................Ans.
2-118
x
When
p
n
35 MPa
1
tan
2
45 MPa
1
tan
2
xy
xy
18 MPa
2 18
35
45
12.114 ,
12.114
x
cos 2
35 cos 2
sin 2
p1
max
n 45
p1
p2
xy
sin cos
18 sin
cos
48.863 MPa
p2
2 43.863 MPa
2 5 MPa
p1
48.9 MPa (T)
77.89 ................................. Ans.
p2
38.9 MPa (C)
12.11 ................................. Ans.
p2
p2
p1
45 sin 2
38.863 MPa
max
77.886
43.9 MPa .................................................. Ans.
2-119*
x
13 ksi
7 ksi
xy
z
32
0 ksi
42
5.00 ksi
p1
1
4
tan 1
26.57 (CW)
2 2
3
10.00 5.00 15.00 ksi (T)
p2
10.00 5.00 5.0 ksi (T)
p1
max
(b)
p3
13 7
10.00 ksi
2
(a)
4 ksi
ab
ab
26.57 ......................................................... Ans.

63.43 ............................................................. Ans.
R 5 ksi .................................................................................................................. Ans.

max
min
15 0 2 7.50 ksi (out of plane) ............................. Ans.
10 5.00 cos 66.870

5.00sin 66.870
8.04 ksi 8.04 ksi (T) ......................Ans.
4.60 ksi (CW)
4.60 ksi ........................Ans.
2-120
(a)
53 MPa
28 MPa
36 MPa
xy
24 MPa
yz
18 MPa
zx
46 MPa
Sx
cos
yx
cos
zx
cos
46 cos 54
zy cos z
73.8501 MPa
Sy
24 cos 75
y cos y
28cos 75
yz cos y
18cos 54
z cos z
0.5578 MPa
Sz
24 cos 40
xz cos x
46 cos 40
18cos 75
36 cos 54
51.7385 MPa
S x2
S y2
S z2
73.8501
0.5578
51.7395
90.1728 MPa
73.8501cos 40 0.5578cos 75 51.7395cos 54

87.1285 MPa 87.1 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.
S2
2
n
90.1728
75
54
S x cos
S z cos
S y cos
40
53cos 40
xy cos x
87.1285
23.2 MPa ................................... Ans.

2-120 (cont.)
(b)
x
3
p
For
p1
max
p2
int
p3
min
p1
2
xy
2
yz
2
y zx
2
p
61
3600
2
zx
2
z xy
p
91.7133 MPa
3600 MPa 2
71,828 MPa 3
xy yz zx
71,828
91.7 MPa (T) ........................................................... Ans.
16.5662 MPa 16.57 MPa (T) ........................................................... Ans.
max
(c)
z
2
x yz
max
61 MPa
z
y
47.2785 MPa
min
91.7133
2
91.7133 MPa
47.2785
69.5 MPa ..................................... Ans.
91.7133
91.7133
91.7133
24 m
53 l
28 m
36 n
46 n 0
(1)
18 n 0
24 l
(2)
18 m 0
46 l
(3)
m 0.08023l
n 0.79973l

l2
47.3 MPa (C) ........................................................ Ans.
m2
n2
0.77944
0.06253
0.62334
l2
0.08023l
0.79973l
x1
38.79 .............................................. Ans.
y1
86.41 .............................................. Ans.
z1
51.44 .............................................. Ans.

2-121
Equation 2-22 is
3
p
2
p
y
x
For plane stress

3
p
p
zx
2
p
2
p
2
xy
2
x yz
2
xy
2
xy
2
x
2
y zx
2
yz
2
z xy
xy yz zx
0
x
2
xy
2
x
2
zx
yz
2
x
2
x
2
y
2
xy
4
2
2
xy
2
xy
which is Eq. 2-15.
3-1*
L
L
0.625
25 12
0.00208 in./in. 2080 in./in. ................................................. Ans.
3-2*
L
L
1200 10 6
400
L
L 0.480 mm ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-3
avg
L
L
1.5 0.450 2
8
0.300 in./in. ..................................................................... Ans.
3-4
(a)
avg
(b)
avg
L
L
5 5.5 6.5 9 19.5 7 6 5

200
9 19.5
50
avg
avg max
0.317 m/m .................. Ans.

0.570 m/m .................... Ans.
3-5*
y
Lx
0.1
0.5
0.0200 in./in. 0.0200 rad ................................................................... Ans.
3-6*
xy
xy
0.380
0.200
tan 1
0.08938 0.001560 rad
500
250
1560 rad ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
tan
3-7
xy
90
89.92
0.0800
0.001396 rad 1396 rad ........................................ Ans.
3-8
(a)
avg
(b)
22 1992
LAB
LAB 200
200
x
Ly
2
200
199.01005 mm
0.98995
200
0.00495 m/m
4950 m/m .............................. Ans.
0.0100 rad ................................................................................................ Ans.
3-9*
(a)
BC
DE
BC
BC
BC
(b)
BC
LBC
BC
LDE
800 10
0.056000
40
70
0.056000 in.
0.001400 in./in.
1400 in./in. ................................................................................................................ Ans.

DE
BC
BC
DE
LBC
0.006 0.050000 in.

0.050000
40
0.001250 in./in.
1250 in./in. ................................................................................................................ Ans.
3-10*
D
(a)
e
100
b
CE
LD
b
50
0.09 mm
D
2
D
CE
CE
(b)
LCE
D
CE
CE
1.1250 mm
2b
0.09
0.10
2.4300
300
2
CE
2 1.1250 0.09
e
D
2.4300 mm
0.00810 m/m 8100 m/m .................................................... Ans.
0.09 mm
0.09
CE
0.10 mm
2 1.12500 0.09
2.4300 mm
2.3300 mm
CE
CE
0.0075 150
LCE
2.3300
300
0.00777 m/m
7770 m/m .................................................... Ans.
3-11
(a)
avg
(b)
circ
circ
d
d
circ
circ
d
d
2.15 2.00
2.00
circ circ
circ
d
0.0750 in./in. .....................................Ans.

2 d 2 d
2 d
d
d
d
d
0.0750 in./in. .......................................................Ans.
3-12*
kx 2
k
(a)
1250 10
10
5.55556 10
L
(b)
avg
(c)
max
3000
0
L
L
k 1500
/mm 2
kx dx
5.00
3000
x 3000
kx 3
3
5.55556 10
10
x 2 m/m
3000
9 109 k
5.00 mm ................................................. Ans.
0.001667 m/m 1667 m/m ............................................... Ans.
k 3000
0.00500 m/m 5000 m/m .................................... Ans.
3-13
B
a
10
a
LB
b
6
a
b
AD
AD
AD
0.0014 15
AD
LAD
0.02100 in.
5b
3
B
0.009 in.
0.009
5 0.02100 0.009
0.05000 in.
3
3
0.05000
0.001000 in./in. 1000 in./in. ...............Ans.
50
3-14
1.5
0.02618 rad
55 0.02618
42.5 0.02618
1.43990 mm
1.11265 mm
(a)
a
1.43990
tan 1
6.5710 0.1147 rad
12.5
12.5
b
1.11265
tan 1
tan 1
5.0866 0.0888 rad
12.5
12.5
0.1147 rad ............................................................................................................ Ans.
(b)
0.0888 rad ............................................................................................................ Ans.
tan
3-15*
R P QR
tan
20sin 45 0.4
20 cos 45
45.7989
R QP R 180
180
90
2 45.7989
90
88.4021
88.4021
1.5979
0.0279 rad ..................................................................... Ans.
3-16*
x
xy
2000 m/m
1250 rad
x
cos 2
2000 cos 2
n
sin 2
35
xy
1500 m/m
35
sin cos
1500 sin 2
35
1250 sin
35 cos
35
2420 m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
3-17*
x
(a)
880 in./in.
tan
AC
AC
24
cos 2
tan
BD
x
cos 2
880 cos 2
BD
750 rad
sin 2
xy
sin cos
960 sin 2 26.565
750 sin 26.565 cos 26.565
596 in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
AC
BD
xy
26.565
880 cos 2 26.565
(b)
960 in./in.
24
y
26.565
sin 2
26.565
xy
sin cos
960 sin 2
26.565
750 sin
26.565 cos
26.565
1196 in./in. ................................................................................................................ Ans.
3-18
x
(a)
1750 m/m
45
cos 2
1750 cos 2
n
t
sin 2
45
(b)
nt
cos 2
45
xy
xy
800 rad
sin cos
2200 sin 2
45
800 sin
45 cos
45
sin 2
xy
sin cos
2200 sin 2 45
800 sin 45 cos 45
625 m/m .................................................................................................................... Ans.

2
2 1750
nt
2200 m/m
175 m/m ...................................................................................................................... Ans.

1750 cos 2 45
sin cos
2200 sin
xy
cos 2
45 cos
sin 2
45
800 cos 2
45
sin 2
45
3950 rad ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-19*
(a)
xy
(b)
L 0.06
0.00200 in./in. 2000 in./in. ........................................................ Ans.
30
L
L
0.03
0.00100 in./in. 1000 in./in. ................................................... Ans.
30
L
0 rad ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
x
cos 2
sin 2
2000 cos 2 30
n
xy
sin cos
1000 sin 2 30
1250 in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
3-20*
Lx
100.5
Ly
0.02
xy
90
Lx
Lx
Ly
xy
Ly
90
0.1
49.99
tan
100.0500500 mm
2
49.9900040 mm
0.02
50
0.0500500
100
tan
501 10
49.9900040 50
50
xy
0.03438
0.1
100
6
90.03438
m/m 500 m/m ............................................. Ans.
199.9 10
600 10
rad
m/m
199.9 m/m ..................... Ans.
600 rad .................................... Ans.
3-21
x
800 in./in.
42
n
n
cos 2
640 in./in.
sin 2
800 cos 2 42
xy
xy
960 rad
132
sin cos
640 sin 2 42
960 sin 42 cos 42
633 in./in. ................................................................................................................. Ans.
cos 2
sin 2
800 cos 2 132

t
nt
sin cos
640 sin 2 132
960 sin 132 cos 132
473 in./in. ..................................................................................................................... Ans.

2
2
nt
xy
800
sin cos
xy
cos 2
640 sin 42 cos 42
sin 2
960 cos 2 42
sin 2 42
1332 rad ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-22
x
720 m/m
30
n
n
cos 2
720 cos 2
n
t
nt
xy
360 rad
60
sin cos
480 sin 2
30
xy
30
360 sin
30 cos
30
264 m/m ...................................................................................................................... Ans.

x
cos 2
sin 2
xy
sin cos
480 sin 2 60
360 sin 60 cos 60
24.1 m/m ................................................................................................................... Ans.

2
2 720
nt
sin 2
720 cos 2 60
t
480 m/m
sin cos
480 sin
cos 2
sin 2
30 cos
30
xy
360 cos 2
30
sin 2
30
1219 rad ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-23
Equation (b) is
2
dn 2
dn 2 cos 2
2dn 2 sin cos

1 2
2
n
1 2
2
x
cos 2
2sin cos
But sin
cos 2
sin
2
x
cos 2
2sin cos
and then the small strain approximation
therefore
x
n
xy ,
y
x
xy
2
y
sin
xy
sin
xy
sin
xy
xy
sin
xy
sin
xy
sin
xy
sin 2
1 , therefore
2
n
1 2
dn 2 sin 2
xy
cos 2
, and
x
y
xy
sin 2
sin
2
n
xy
sin 2
xy
n,
are all =
2
y
2
x
xy ,
sin
x ,and
2
y
. Also, sin
xy
xy ,
and Eq. (b) can be written
sin cos
which upon dividing through by 2 is Eq. 3-7a.
3-24*
x
600 m/m
AD
1200 m/m
AB
BD
750 m/m
cos 2
BD
sin 2
tan
AB
AB
240
50.194
200
50.194
sin cos
xy
AB
600 cos 2
AB
sin 2
AB
xy
sin
AB
cos
AB
BD
600 cos 2
BD
sin 2
BD
xy
sin
BD
cos
BD
0.59016
0.49180
xy
0.59016
0.49180
xy
1200
750
954.098
995.902
35.4 m/m ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
nt
1983 rad ................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-25*
x
1250 in./in.
n
45
1250 cos 2 45
1250 cos 2 135
(b)
nt
sin 2 45
y
sin 2 135
0.5
0.5
xy
950
0.5
0.5
xy
725
2 1250
1350 in./in.
135
t
y
(a)
1575 in./in.
xy
sin 45 cos 45
xy
1675 in./in.
1675 sin 45 cos 45
sin 135 cos 135
xy
1575
1350
225 rad
225 cos 2 45
sin 2 45
nt
425 rad ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
1675 in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
3-26
x
1950 m/m
sin
(a)
(b)
35
1950 cos 2
cos
1625 sin 2
xy
4037.500 rad
QR
1950 cos 2
QR
1625 m/m
xy
sin
1275 m/m
1275
45
n
cos
4040 rad .............................................................................. Ans.

1625 sin 2
4037.5 sin
cos
2600 m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
3-27*
x
When
600 in./in.
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
15.482
cos 2
600 cos 2
max
y
p
480
600
xy
200
480 rad
xy
15.482 , 74.518
sin cos
200 sin 2
480 sin
cos
p1
266.476 in./in.
p1
p1
1
tan
2
sin 2
666.476 in./in.
p2
200 in./in.
p2
932.952 rad
p1
666 in./in.
15.48 ................................... Ans.
p2
266 in./in.
74.52 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p3
max
0 in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.

p
933 rad ............................................................................................................ Ans.
3-28*
x
When
p
n
960 m/m
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
max
1
tan
2
500
960
320
cos 2
y
p
sin 2
500 sin
79.332
cos
1007.095 m/m
p1
367.095 m/m
p1
p2
1374.190 rad
1007 m/m
10.67 ..............Ans.
p2
367 m/m
79.33 ................Ans.
max
10.668 ,
sin cos
320 sin 2
p1
xy
p1
p3
500 rad
xy
10.668
960 cos 2
p2
320 m/m
0 m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.

p
1374 rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
3-29
x
When
p
n
900 in./in.
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
max
1
tan
2
480
900
300
cos 2
y
p
sin 2
480 sin
79.099
cos
946.220 in./in.
p1
346.220 in./in.
p2
1292.440 rad
946 in./in.
10.90 ..................... Ans.
p2
346 in./in.
79.10 ..................... Ans.
max
10.901 ,
sin cos
300 sin 2
p
p1
p1
xy
p1
p3
480 rad
xy
10.901
900 cos 2
p2
300 in./in.
0 in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.

p
1292 rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
3-30
x
When
p
n
900 m/m
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
cos 2
sin 2
900
y
p
600
7.821 ,
sin cos
p
420 sin
p2
cos
1557.690 rad
629 m/m
82.18 ...........................Ans.
p2
929 m/m
7.82 .............................Ans.
max
p2
p1
p3
82.179
628.845 m/m
p2
p1
xy
600 sin 2
928.845 m/m
max
420
420 rad
xy
7.821
900 cos 2
p1
600 m/m
0 m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.

p
1558 rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
3-31*
x
When
p
n
750 in./in.
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
cos 2
sin 2
y
p
p1
p2
768 in./in.
p2
1018 in./in.
max
750
1000
360 rad
5.812 ,
84.188
xy
sin cos
p
360 sin
cos
p1
1018.322 in./in.
p1
p1
p3
360
1000 sin 2
768.322 in./in.
max
1
tan
2
xy
5.812
750 cos 2
p2
1000 in./in.
1786.64 rad
5.81 ................... Ans.
84.19 .............. Ans.
0 in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.

p
1787 rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
3-32
x
When
p
n
750 m/m
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
cos 2
sin 2
750
y
p
410
250 sin
cos
p2
p2
1186.634 rad
423 m/m
83.92 ................... Ans.
p2
763 m/m
6.08 ..................... Ans.
max
83.919
sin cos
p1
p3
6.081 ,
423.317 m/m
p2
p1
xy
410 sin 2
763.317 m/m
max
250
250 rad
xy
6.081
750 cos 2
p1
410 m/m
0 m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.

p
1187 rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
3-33*
x
When
p
n
720 in./in.
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
480
720
520
480 rad
xy
33.690 ,
56.310
33.690
x
cos 2
720 cos 2
sin 2
p2
p1
max
xy
480 sin
cos
p1
360 in./in.
p1
p2
520 rad
min
sin cos
520 sin 2
880 in./in.
max
520 in./in.
880 0 880 rad
p1
880 in./in.
33.69 ..................... Ans.
p2
360 in./in.
56.31 ..................... Ans.
p3
0 in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
520 rad ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
max
880 rad (out-of-plane) .......................................................................................... Ans.
3-34*
x
When
p
n
540 m/m
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
980 m/m
560
540
980
560 rad
25.921 ,
64.079
25.921
x
cos 2
540 cos 2
sin 2
p2
p1
xy
sin cos
980 sin 2
403.910 m/m
560 sin
p2
712.180 rad
p2
1116 m/m
25.92 ...........................Ans.
64.08 ........................Ans.
p3
0 m/m ......................................................Ans.
712 rad .....................................................Ans.

min
cos
1116.090 m/m
p1
404 m/m
max
p1
p1
max
xy
1116
1116 rad (out-of-plane) ..................................... Ans.
3-35
x
When
p
n
864 in./in.
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
432 in./in.
288
864
432
16.845 ,
73.155
16.845
x
cos 2
864 cos 2
sin 2
p2
p1
xy
sin cos
432 sin 2
907.600 in./in.
288 sin
p1
p2
519.200 rad
16.85 ..................... Ans.
p2
388 in./in.
73.15 ..................... Ans.
p3
0 in./in. ................................................ Ans.
519 rad ................................................. Ans.

min
cos
388.400 in./in.
908 in./in.
max
p1
p1
max
288 rad
xy
908 0 908 rad (out-of-plane) ................................................ Ans.
3-36*
x
When
p
n
900 m/m
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
650 m/m
300
900
650
25.097 ,
64.903
25.097
x
cos 2
900 cos 2
sin 2
p2
p1
xy
sin cos
650 sin 2
970.256 m/m
300 sin
p1
p2
390.512 rad
25.10 ..................... Ans.
p2
580 m/m
64.90 ..................... Ans.
p3
0 m/m ................................................ Ans.
391 rad ............................................... Ans.

min
cos
579.744 m/m
970 m/m
max
p1
p1
max
300 rad
xy
3-37
x
When
p
n
325 in./in.
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
625 in./in.
680
325
625
xy
33.097 ,
56.903
33.097
x
cos 2
325 cos 2
sin 2
p2
p1
xy
sin cos
625 sin 2
103.382 in./in.
680 sin
p2
743.236 rad
p2
847 in./in.
33.10 ........................ Ans.

56.90 ............................ Ans.
p3
0 in./in. ....................................................... Ans.
743 rad ........................................................ Ans.

min
846.618 in./in.
p1
103.4 in./in.
max
cos
p1
p1
max
680 rad
847
847 rad (out-of-plane) ......................................... Ans.
3-38
x
When
p
n
900 m/m
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
cos 2
sin 2
650
600 rad
33.690 ,
56.310
sin cos
650 sin 2
600 sin
cos
p2
450 m/m
p1
p2
p1
p2
650 rad
p1
450 m/m
p2
1100 m/m
max
900
xy
1100 m/m
600
xy
33.690
900 cos 2
p3
650 m/m
56.31 .............................. Ans.

33.69 ........................... Ans.
0 m/m ......................................................... Ans.

650 rad ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
max
min
1100
1100 rad (out-of-plane) ..................................... Ans.
3-39*
x
p1
680
xy
max
Using
480 in./in.
x
1200
480
xy
p1
1200
1226.377 rad
1
tan
2
p2
1400 in./in.
680 in./in.
p2
480
1200 in./in.
p2
2
xy
1226 rad .............................................................................. Ans.

1
tan
2
1226.377
480
1200
18.064 , m71.936
2080 rad
18.064
p
p1
680 in./in.
p2
1400 in./in.
p3
max
18.06 .........................Ans.
71.94 ......................Ans.
0 in./in. ....................................................Ans.
p
2080 rad ......................................Ans.
3-40*
x
300 m/m
p2
1500
xy
800 m/m
p1
1500 m/m
2000 m/m ............................................... Ans.

300
800
300
xy
1
x
3322.650 rad
1
tan
2
800
2
xy
3320 rad .............. Ans.

1
tan
2
3322.650
300
800
35.841 , m54.159
max
p3
max
p1
p2
3500 rad
0 m/m ......................................................... Ans.

p
3500 rad ......................................... Ans.
3-41
x
800 in./in.
Assuming that
max
max
1120 in./in.
Using
1120
800
640 in./in. .......................................... Ans.
1280
p2
1280
p1
2400 rad
2400
p2
xy
max
gives
1280
p2
Then
1280 in./in.
p1
800
640
800
xy
1
x
1920.00 rad
1
tan
2
640
2
xy
1920 rad .......... Ans.

1
tan
2
1920
800
640
26.565 , m63.435
26.565
p
p2
p3
1120 in./in.
71.94 ......................................................................................... Ans.
0 in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-42
x
Assuming that
450 m/m
max
max
p1
Then
max
780
p1
960
180.00 m/m
x
780
450
150.0 m/m ............................................... Ans.
p2
180
p1
xy
960 rad
gives
180
Using
780 m/m
p2
450
150
450
xy
1
x
2
xy
911.921 rad
1
tan
2
150
912 rad .................... Ans.

1
tan
2
911.921
450
150
m35.895 ,
54.105
35.895
p
p1
p3
180.0 m/m
54.10 .......................................................................................... Ans.
0 m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-43*
1800 rad
xy
tan 2
1039.230
2
1800
2
1628.461 in./in.
294.615 in./in.
1333.845 in./in.
y
295 in./in. ........... Ans.

1334 in./in. ...................................................................... Ans.
1853.461 in./in.
p2
p2
1853 in./in.
max
30
1039.230 in./in.
225
p3
1800
30
x
x
225 in./in.
p1
p1
1853 in./in.
60 ............................................................................................... Ans.
0 in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.

p
p1
p2
2078 rad .................................................................................... Ans.
3-44
xy
840 rad
p1
20
840
tan 2 20
x
x
1100 m/m
1001.073 m/m
1100
1001.073
2
840
2
893.192 m/m
947.133 m/m
947 m/m .................................................................................. Ans.
53.940 m/m
53.9 m/m ................................................................................ Ans.
p3
0 m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
p2
p2
207 m/m
max
206.808 m/m
p1
p1
207 m/m
70 .................................................................................................... Ans.
p2
1306.808 rad 1307 rad .................................................... Ans.
3-45
y
750 in./in.
1500
x
750
750 rad
xy
1312.500 in./in.
1
tan
2
p2
p1
p2
937.500 rad
p1
p3
p
max
min
563 in./in.
1312.5
750
26.565 ,
63.435
562.500 in./in.
max
750
p1
max
750
2
1500 in./in.
1313 in./in. ...................................................................... Ans.
1
tan
2
xy
750
p2
1500
1500 rad
63.43 .......................... Ans.
0 in./in. ..................................................... Ans.

937 rad ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
1500 rad (out-of-plane) ........................................................................................ Ans.
3-46*
750 m/m
1000
750
2
750 rad
xy
750
2
750
2
p1
437.50 m/m
437 m/m .................... Ans.
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
33.690 ,
750
437.5
750
56.310 ................................Ans.
p2
187.5 m/m ...........................................Ans.
max
p3
p1
max
p2
p1
187.50 m/m
p2
1000 m/m
813 rad ................................................................................................... Ans.

min
1000 0 1000 rad (out-of-plane) ............................................ Ans.
0 m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-47*
p1
400 in./in.
600 in./in.
p2
18.43
2
400
600
100 in./in.
400
600
2
500 in./in.
100 500 cos 36.86
300 in./in. ......... Ans.
100 500 cos 36.86
500 in./in. ........ Ans.
xy
xy
max
2 500sin 36.86
600 rad (CCW)
600 rad .......................................................... Ans.

p
2 R 1000 rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
3-48*
p1
945 m/m
785 m/m
p2
16.85
2
945
785
2
945
785
2
80 m/m
865 m/m
80 865cos 33.70
800 m/m ................ Ans.
80 865cos 33.70
640 m/m ................ Ans.
xy
xy
max
2 865sin 33.70
960 rad (CCW)
960 rad .......................................................... Ans.

p
2 R 1730 rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
3-49
p1
708 in./in.
104 in./in.
p2
34.10
2
708
104
2
708
104
2
302 in./in.
406 in./in.
302 406 cos 68.20
453 in./in. ........... Ans.
302 406 cos 68.20
151.2 in./in. ........ Ans.
xy
xy
max
2 406sin 68.20
754 rad (CW)
754 rad .......................................................... Ans.

p
2 R 812 rad ................................................................................................. Ans.
3-50
p1
114 m/m
p2
903 m/m
19.26
114
903
508.5 m/m
114
903
394.5 m/m
508.5 394.5cos 38.52
199.8 m/m Ans.
508.5 394.5cos 38.52
817 m/m .... Ans.
xy
xy
p
max
2 394.5sin 38.52
491 rad (CCW)
491 rad ........................................................... Ans.

2R
789 rad .............................................................................................................. Ans.

max
min
903
903 rad (out-of-plane) ...................................... Ans.
3-51*
x
y
xy
950 in./in.
225 in./in.
275 rad
950
225
362.5 in./in.
R
p1
p1
587.5
137.5
603.38 in./in.
1
137.5
tan 1
6.59 (CW)
2 2
587.5
362.5 603.38
965.88 in./in.
p1
966 in./in.
p2
362.5 603.38
p2
241 in./in.
max
6.59 ............................ Ans.
240.88 in./in.
83.41 ............................................................................................ Ans.
2 R 1207 rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
3-52*
x
y
xy
900 m/m
333 m/m
982 rad
900
333
283.5 m/m
R
p1
p1
p1
p2
p2
max
616.5
491
788.133 m/m
1
491
tan 1
19.267 (CCW)
2 2
616.5
283.5 788.133
1071.633 m/m
1072 m/m
19.27 .......................... Ans.
283.5 788.133
505 m/m
p
504.633 m/m
70.73 .............................................................................................. Ans.
2 R 1576 rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
3-53
x
750 in./in.
390 in./in.
xy
900 rad
750 390
2
180
p1
p1
p1
p2
p2
p
max
570 in./in.
450
484.66 in./in.
1
450
tan 1
34.100 (CW)
2 2
180
570 484.66
1054.66 in./in.
1055 in./in.
570 484.66
34.10 ..............Ans.
85.34 in./in.
85.3 in./in.
55.90 ..............Ans.
2 R 969 rad .............................................................................................................. Ans.

max
min
1055 0 1055 rad (out-of-plane) ............................................ Ans.
3-54
x
600 m/m
480 m/m
xy
480 rad
600 480
2
a
R
p1
p1
60
540 m/m
240
1
240
tan 1
2 2
60
540 247.386
247.386 m/m
37.982 (CCW)
787.386 m/m
787 m/m
37.98 ..................Ans.
p2
540 247.386
292.614 m/m
p2
293 m/m
52.02 ..................Ans.
p1
max
2R
max
495 rad .............................................................................................................. Ans.

min
787 0 787 rad (out-of-plane) ............................................... Ans.
3-55*
x
y
p1
680 in./in.
320 in./in.
414 in./in.
680
R
p
xy
xy
p2
320
180 in./in.
2
414 180 594 in./in.
1
500
cos 1
16.34
2
594
2 594 sin 32.68
641 rad ..................................................Ans.

180
594
p2
774 in./in. ............................................Ans.
p3
0 in./in. ....................................................Ans.
max
2 R 1188 rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
3-56*
x
450 m/m
150 m/m
p1
780 m/m
450
150
2
300 m/m
R
p
xy
780 300 480 m/m

1
150
cos 1
2
480
35.895
2 480 sin 71.790
xy
912 rad ..................................................Ans.
p2
300
p3
max
480
180 m/m ................Ans.
0 m/m ......................................................Ans.
p
2 R 960 rad ................................................................................................. Ans.
3-57
x
360 in./in.
750 in./in.
p2
120 in./in.
360
750
2
555 in./in.
R 555 120 435 in./in.

p
xy
xy
1
195
cos 1
2
435
31.683
2 435 sin 63.367
778 rad ..................................................Ans.
p1
555 435
p3
0 in./in. ....................................................Ans.
2 R 870 rad ...........................................Ans.
max
max
min
990 in./in. ......................Ans.
3-58
300 m/m
600 m/m
450 m/m
p2
300
600
2
150 m/m
R 150 450 600 m/m

p
xy
xy
p1
p3
max
1
450
cos 1
2
600
20.705
2 600 sin 41.410
794 rad ..................................................Ans.

150
600
750 m/m .................Ans.
0 m/m ......................................................Ans.
p
2 R 1200 rad ............................Ans.

3-59*
cos 2
750 cos 2 45
1
tan
2
When
250 in./in.
xy
45
125 in./in.
0.30
sin cos
250 sin 2 45
xy
sin 45 cos 45
125
250 in./in. .................................. Ans.
750 rad ........................................................................................ Ans.
xy
750 in./in.
750 in./in. ..............
x
xy
(b)
sin 2
Therefore:
1
tan
2
750
750
18.435 , 71.565
250
71.565
x
cos 2
750 cos 2
sin 2
sin cos
250 sin 2
375 in./in.
750 sin
cos
p2
875 in./in.
p1
p3
p1
875 in./in.
18.43 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p2
375 in./in.
71.57 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p3
214 in./in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
max
xy
p2
p1
p2
0.30
1 0.30
750
250
214 in./in.
1250 rad ..................................................................................... Ans.

3-60*
cos 2
555 m/m
240
sin 2
xy
y
sin 2 120
555 cos 2 240
sin 2 240
When
sin 120 cos 120
xy
xy
1063.750
0.75000
0.43301
xy
878.750
740
555 m/m ....................................................................................... Ans.

1295 m/m ................................................................................ Ans.
214 rad ................................................................................... Ans.

213.620
555
1295
1
tan
2
1295 sin 2
xy
925
sin 240 cos 240
0.43301
1
tan
2
xy
213.620 rad
925 m/m
0.30
0.75000
1295.00 m/m
xy
120
sin cos
555 cos 2 120
740 m/m
Therefore:
(b)
3.293 ,
86.707
3.293
555 cos 2
561.146 m/m
213.620 sin
cos
p2
1301.146 m/m
p1
p3
p1
1301 m/m
86.71 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p2
561 m/m
3.29 ................................................................................................ Ans.
p3
317 m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
max
p2
p1
p2
0.30
1 0.30
555
1295
317 m/m
1862 rad ..................................................................................... Ans.

3-61
b
950 in./in.
cos 2
800 cos 2
Therefore:
When
p
n
xy
3
4
600 in./in.
0.33
sin cos
b
xy
462.500 rad
1
tan
2
36.870
sin
800 in./in. ..............
xy
tan
600 sin 2
b
x
1
tan
2
800 in./in.
b
sin 2
xy
(b)
cos
950
600 in./in. ..................................... Ans.
463 rad ............................................................ Ans.
462.5
800
600
33.307 ,
56.693
33.307
800 cos 2
600 sin 2
951.946 in./in.
p2
p3
462.5 sin
cos
p1
448.054 in./in.
p1
0.33
800
600
689.55 in./in.
1 0.33
33.31 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p1
1
952 in./in.
p2
448 in./in.
p3
690 in./in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
p
max
p1
p2
p1
p3
56.69 ............................................................................................ Ans.
504 rad ................................................................................................... Ans.

1641 rad (out-of-plane) ................................................................... Ans.

3-62*
cos 2
60
780 m/m
780 cos 2 120
780 cos 2 60
xy
y
y
332 m/m
sin 2
345 m/m
120
0.33
sin cos
sin 2 120
xy
sin 2 60
0.75000
0.43301
xy
0.75000
0.43301
xy
Therefore:
(b)
xy
sin 120 cos 120
sin 60 cos 60
345
332
150
527
780 m/m ....................................................................................... Ans.
251.333 m/m
251 m/m ................................................................................ Ans.
xy
781.732 rad
782 rad ................................................................................... Ans.
1
tan
2
When
1
tan
2
781.732
780
251.333
18.581 , 71.419
18.581
p
n
xy
780 cos 2
251.333 sin 2
911.395 m/m
p2
p3
781.732 sin
cos
p1
382.728 m/m
p1
0.33
780
251.333
260.388 m/m
1 0.33
18.58 ............................................................................................... Ans.
y
p1
1
911 m/m
p2
383 m/m
p3
260 m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
max
p1
71.42 .............................................................................................. Ans.
p2
1294 rad ..................................................................................... Ans.

3-63*
36 cos 2 45
xy
434.00 rad
When
cos 2
1
tan
2
36 in./in.
150 in./in.
sin 2
xy
1
tan
2
45
310 in./in.
0.30
sin cos
150 sin 2 45
xy
xy
sin 45 cos 45
434
36
150
310
37.641 , 52.359
37.641
p
n
36 cos 2
150 sin 2
131.361 in./in.
434 sin
cos
p2
317.361 in./in.
p1
p3
1
79.714 in./in.
p1
317 in./in.
52.36 ................................Ans.
p2
131.4 in./in.
p3
79.7 in./in. .............................................................................................................. Ans.
max
p2
p1
p2
0.30
36
1 0.30
150
37.64 ............................Ans.
449 rad ....................................................................................... Ans.

3-64
cos 2
525 cos 2 45
525 cos 2 135
1
tan
2
135
1425 m/m
xy
xy
sin 2 135
xy
0.5000
xy
187.5
0.5000
0.5000
xy
1162.5
1
tan
2
0.30
sin 135 cos 135
450
1425
975 rad
xy
xy
450 m/m
sin 45 cos 45
45
sin cos
sin 2 45
0.5000
24.882 ,
When
1350 m/m
525 m/m
sin 2
975
525
1350
65.118
24.882
525 cos 2
1350 sin 2
298.898 m/m
p1
p3
975 sin
cos
p2
1576.102 m/m
p2
0.30
525
1350
803.571 m/m
1 0.30
65.12 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p1
1
1576 m/m
p2
299 m/m
24.88 .............................................................................................. Ans.
p3
804 m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
p
max
p1
p2
p1
p3
1277 rad ................................................................................................. Ans.

2380 rad .............................................................................................. Ans.

3-65*
b
700 in./in.
cos 2
875 cos 2
xy
335.417 rad
1
tan
2
When
p
n
xy
1
tan
2
4
3
875 cos 2
p2
p3
53.130
xy
sin
335.417
875
350
cos
350 sin 2
335.417 sin
cos
301.00 in./in.
p1
1
0.30
875
350
1 0.30
525.00 in./in.
p2
301 in./in.
73.71 ..................... Ans.
p3
525 in./in. ......................................... Ans.
73.713
p1
16.29 ..................... Ans.
700
16.287 ,
924 in./in.
max
0.30
sin cos
p1
350 in./in.
16.287
924.00 in./in.
(b)
tan
350 sin 2
xy
875 in./in.
b
sin 2
p1
p2
p1
p3
623 rad ................................................................................................... Ans.

1449 rad (out-of-plane) ................................................................... Ans.
875 cos 2 120
350 sin 2 120
335.417 sin 120 cos 120
336 in./in. ................................................................................................................. Ans.

3-66
cos 2
60
875 m/m
875 cos 2 120
875 cos 2 60
xy
y
y
650 m/m
sin 2
700 m/m
120
0.33
sin cos
sin 2 120
xy
sin 2 60
xy
0.75000
0.43301
xy
0.75000
0.43301
xy
sin 120 cos 120
sin 60 cos 60
700
650
481.25
868.75
258.333 m/m
1558.846 rad
xy
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
1558.846
875
258.333
26.991 , 63.009
When
26.991
p
n
875 cos 2
258.333 sin 2
1271.978 m/m
p2
p3
1558.846 sin
0.33
875
258.333
1 0.33
26.99 ............................ Ans.
p1
p2
655 m/m
p3
304 m/m ................................................. Ans.
nt
p1
2 875
303.732 m/m
1927 rad ..................... Ans.
sin cos
xy
cos 2
sin 2
258.333 sin 40 cos 40

1558.846 cos 2 40
nt
63.01 .............................. Ans.
p2
cos
655.312 m/m
p1
p1
1
1272 m/m
max
(b)
sin 2 40
1387 rad ................................................................................................................... Ans.

3-67*
cos 2
800 cos 2 120
xy
721.688 rad
1
tan
2
When
120
0.33
721.688
800
950
xy
sin 120 cos 120
800 cos 2
950 sin 2
721.688 sin
p1
1244 in./in.
50.87 ..............................Ans.
p2
506 in./in.
39.13 ................................Ans.
p3
862 in./in. ...................................................Ans.
p2
1
861.94 in./in.
p2
p1
p3
1243.556 in./in.
p1
cos
p2
p3
max
600
39.129 , 50.871
p1
950 in./in.
sin cos
950 sin 2 120
506.444 in./in.
(b)
600 in./in.
xy
1
tan
2
39.129
p
n
xy
800 in./in.
sin 2
0.33
800
1 0.33
950
737 rad ................................................................................................... Ans.

2110 rad .............................................................................................. Ans.
800 cos 2 200
950 sin 2 200
721.688 sin 200 cos 200
1049 in./in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
3-68*
BF
BF
LBF
b
c
80 240
c 3b 3
CE
CE
CE
LCE
400 10
BF
1000
0.400 mm
1.200 mm
c
600
2000 10
m/m
2000 m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
3-69*
AB
b
6
(a)
EF
f
2
EF
b
3
0.02250 in.
0.00750 in.
AB
0.00750 in.
EF
LEF
0.00750
8
937 10
in./in.
937 in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.

0.005
EF
0.0015 15
LAB
EF
EF
(b)
AB
EF
LEF
EF
0.00750 in.
0.00250
8
313 10
EF
6
0.00250 in.
in./in.
313 in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
3-70
R2
R2
R1
R1
R2
R1
.................................................. Ans.
.................................................. Ans.
3-71*
x
(a)
cos 2
1500 in./in.
sin 2
3200 cos 2 45
(b)
3200 in./in.
xy
xy
1000 rad
45
sin cos
1500 sin 2 45
1000 sin 45 cos 45
2850 in./in. ................................................................................................................. Ans.

sin 2
nt
2 3200
nt
1700 rad ................................................................................................................... Ans.
sin cos
cos 2
nt
xy
1500 sin 45 cos 45
1000 cos 2 45
sin 2 45
3-72
x
1500 m/m
tan
BD
n
BD
BD
cos 2
1250 m/m
1500 cos 2
sin 2
BD
150
200
xy
xy
1000 rad
36.870
sin cos
1250 sin 2
BD
1000 sin
BD
cos
BD
30.0 m/m ................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-73
x
When
1000 in./in.
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
11.981
cos 2
1000 cos 2
1
tan
2
sin 2
max
y
p
1000
xy
800
xy
800 rad
11.981 , 78.019
sin cos
p
800 sin
cos
p1
884.886 in./in.
p1
p1
800
800 sin 2
1084.886 in./in.
p2
800 in./in.
p2
1969.772 rad
p1
1085 in./in.
11.98 ................... Ans.
p2
885 in./in.
78.02 ..................... Ans.
p3
0 in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
max
1970 rad ................................................................................................................... Ans.
3-74*
x
When
600 m/m
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
24.006
cos 2
600 cos 2
1
tan
2
sin 2
p
max
y
p
2000
600
1200
1200 sin 2
2000 sin
24.006 , 65.996
cos
p2
p2
2690.724 rad
1645 m/m
65.99 .......................... Ans.
p2
1045 m/m
24.01 ......................... Ans.
max
2000 rad
sin cos
p1
p3
xy
1645.362 m/m
p2
p1
xy
1045.362 m/m
p1
1200 m/m
0 m/m ....................................................... Ans.

p
2690 rad ....................................... Ans.

3-75
600 cos 2 45
xy
600.00 rad
1
tan
2
xy
1
x
sin 2
When
cos 2
600 in./in.
200 in./in.
xy
45
500 in./in.
0.30
sin cos
200 sin 2 45
1
tan
2
xy
600
600
200
sin 45 cos 45
18.435 ,
500
71.565
18.435
p
n
600 cos 2
200 sin 2
700.00 in./in.
600 sin
cos
p1
300.00 in./in.
p2
p1
700 in./in.
18.43 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p2
300 in./in.
71.57 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p3
max
p1
1
p
p1
p2
0.30
600
200
171.4 in./in. ................ Ans.
1 0.30
1000 rad ..................................................................................... Ans.
3-76*
x
y
xy
800 m/m
640 m/m
960 rad
800
640
80 m/m
R
p1
720
480
865.332 m/m
1
480
tan 1
16.845 (CCW)
2
720
p1
80
865
785 m/m
73.15 ................................................................ Ans.
p2
80
865
945 m/m
16.85 ............................................................... Ans.
p3
0 m/m
max
73.15 ..................................................................................................... Ans.
2 R 1731 rad ............................................................................................... Ans.

3-77
cos 2
800 in./in.
240
sin 2
xy
960 in./in.
120
0.33
sin cos
800 cos 2 120
sin 2 120
800 cos 2 240
sin 2 240
xy
sin 120 cos 120
xy
0.75000
0.43301
xy
760
0.75000
0.43301
xy
600
960
sin 240 cos 240
800
906.667 in./in.
184.752 rad
xy
1
tan
2
800 in./in.
When
1
tan
2
xy
184.752
800
906.667
30.00 ,
60.00
30.00
p
n
800 cos 2
906.667 sin 2
746.667 in./in.
p1
184.752 sin
cos
p2
960.00 in./in.
p2
3-77 (cont.)
z
p1
960 m/m
60.00 ................... Ans.
p2
747 m/m
30.00 ................... Ans.
p3
841 m/m ....................................... Ans.
p
max
p1
p2
p1
p3
0.33
800
1 0.33
p3
906.667
840.597 m/m
213 rad ........................ Ans.

1801 rad .................... Ans.
4-1*
1.5
4
0.48
20 12
d2
4
L
L
1.76715 in.2
0.002000 in./in.
F
53
29.9919 ksi
A 1.76715
d
0.001
666.667 10
1.5
d
in./in.
29.9919
15, 000 ksi ....................................................................................... Ans.
0.002000
E
t
E
21
666.667 10
0.002000
15, 000
2 1 0.333
0.333 .................................................................................. Ans.

5630 ksi .......................................................................... Ans.
4-2*
d2
4
F
A
0.015
4
62.6 103
176.715 10
L
L
0.90
200
176.715 10
0.004500
t
l
PL
mm 2
354.244 106 N/m 2
0.004500 m/m
354.244 106
0.004500
78.721 109 N/m 2
1.46667 10
354.244 MPa
d
d
0.022
15
1.46667 10
m/m
78.7 GPa ......................................... Ans.
0.326 ........................................................................... Ans.
354 MPa .............................................................................................................. Ans.
4-3
(b)
10
2 0.25
F
A
(a)
20
0.08 5 12
(c)
20.0 ksi ........................................................................................... Ans.

15, 000 ksi ................................................................................. Ans.
0.25
0.25
0.08 5 12
0.25
2
0.08 5 12
0.25
0.25
0.0000833 in. ........................................................ Ans.

0.000667 in. ............................................................. Ans.
4-4*
Ao
5.64
24.98 10
frac
24.98 mm 2
m2
0.30 0.115 5.64
0.19458 mm
Af
5.64 0.19458
23.29 mm 2
From the
23.29 10
m2
diagram:
139 0 106
(b)
PL
69.5 109 N/m 2 69.5 GPa ........................................ Ans.

0.002 0
139 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(c)
ult
450 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(d)
ys
0.05%
220 MPa ...................................................................................................... Ans.
(e)
ys
0.20%
278 MPa ...................................................................................................... Ans.
(f)
(g)
ft
(a)
(h)
(i)
Et
Es
ult
450 MPa ............................................................................................................. Ans.
Pf
Ao
Af
Af
450 24.98
23.29
410 393 106

0.06 0.04
410 0 106
0.06
483 MPa ................................................................. Ans.

850 106 N/m 2
6.83 109 N/m 2
850 MPa .................................... Ans.

6.83 GPa ....................................... Ans.
4-5
2
Ao
0.25
Af
0.212
From the
4 0.04909 in.2
2
4 0.03530 in.2
diagram:
(b)
PL
34.5 0
27, 600 ksi ............Ans.
0.00125 0
36 ksi .........................................................Ans.
(c)
ult
73 ksi .........................................................Ans.
(d)
ys
0.05%
43 ksi ............................................................................................................ Ans.
(e)
ys
0.20%
43 ksi ............................................................................................................ Ans.
(f)
65 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
(g)
ft
(a)
(h)
Et
(i)
Es
Pf
Ao
Af
Af
65 0.04909
0.03530
90 ksi ..................................................................... Ans.
64 50
467 ksi ...................................................................................... Ans.
0.06 0.03
56 0
1400 ksi ............................................................................................. Ans.
0.04
4-6
Ao
5.64
4
6
24.98 10
Af
4.75
m2
17.72 mm 2
From the
(a)
24.98 mm 2
17.72 10
m2
diagram:
225 0 106
0.0012 0
E 187 10
N/m 2 187 GPa ........................................................................................ Ans.
(b)
PL
270 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(c)
ult
510 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(d)
ys
0.05%
305 MPa ...................................................................................................... Ans.
(e)
ys
0.20%
328 MPa ...................................................................................................... Ans.
(f)
450 MPa ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
(g)
ft
(h)
(i)
Et
Es
Pf
Ao
Af
Af
450 24.98
17.72
460 410 106

0.04 0.02
440 0 106
0.03
634 MPa ................................................................. Ans.

2.50 109 N/m 2
14.67 109 N/m 2
2.50 GPa .................................. Ans.

14.67 GPa .................................. Ans.
4-7*
Ao
0.505
4 0.200 in.2
Af
0.425
First calculate stresses and strains from the given data and draw the
diagram:
4 0.142 in.2
diagram (next page). Then, from the
(b)
PL
32 0
26, 700 ksi .................................................................................. Ans.
0.0012 0
38 ksi ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
(c)
ult
73 ksi ................................................. Ans.
(d)
ys
0.05%
43 ksi ................................. Ans.
(e)
ys
0.20%
47 ksi ................................. Ans.
(f)
65 ksi ................................................... Ans.
(g)
ft
(a)
(h)
Et
(i)
Es
Pf
Ao
Af
Af
13
0.142
91 ksi ........ Ans.
7.75
2400 ksi ................ Ans.
0.0032
46 0
14, 400 ksi ....................................................................................... Ans.
0.0032
4-8
Ao
11.28
Af
9.50
2
2
4 99.93 mm 2
4 70.88 mm 2
First calculate stresses and strains from the given

data and draw the
diagram (next page). Then,
from the
diagram:
(a)
222 0 106
0.0012 0
E 185 10
N/m 2
185 GPa ........................................................................................ Ans.
(b)
PL
270 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(c)
ult
510 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(d)
ys
0.05%
305 MPa ...................................................................................................... Ans.
(e)
ys
0.20%
328 MPa ...................................................................................................... Ans.
(f)
450 MPa ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
(g)
ft
(h)
(i)
Et
Es
Pf
Ao
Af
Af
80 106
0.0048
315 106
0.0029
450 99.93
70.88
634 MPa ................................................................. Ans.
16.7 109 N/m 2

109 109 N/m 2
16.7 GPa .................................................... Ans.

109 GPa .................................................... Ans.
4-9*
x
900 in./in.
300 in./in.
E 10, 000 ksi

E
x
G
xy
0.30
900
0.30
300
10
8.90 ksi 8.90 ksi (T) ............................................................................................ Ans.
400 rad
0.30
10, 000
2
xy
10, 000
2
0.330 ksi
E
21
xy
0.30
300
0.30 900
10
0.330 ksi (C) ....................................................................................... Ans.
10, 000
2 1 0.30
3846.15
3846.15 ksi
400 10
1.538 ksi .......................................................... Ans.
4-10*
x
1175 m/m
1250 m/m
E 190 GPa
x
G
xy
0.25
190 103
1175
0.25
1250
10
174.8 MPa 174.8 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.
850 rad
0.25
190 103
xy
0.25
1250
0.25 1175
10
193.8 MPa 193.8 MPa (C) ................................................................................ Ans.

E
21
xy
190
2 1 0.25
76.00 GPa
76.0 103 850 10
64.6 MPa ..................................................... Ans.
4-11
x
500 in./in.
250 in./in.
E 15, 000 ksi

E
x
G
xy
0.34
500
0.34 250
10
9.92 ksi 9.92 ksi (T) ............................................................................................ Ans.
150 rad
0.34
15, 000
2
xy
15, 000
2
7.12 ksi
E
21
xy
0.34
250
0.34 500
10
7.12 ksi (T) ............................................................................................ Ans.

15, 000
2 1 0.34
5597.01 ksi
5597.01 150 10
0.840 ksi ............................................................. Ans.
4-12
x
1000 m/m
E
210 GPa
246 MPa
G
xy
0.25
210 103
2
800 rad
1000
0.25 400
10
246 MPa (T) ........................................................................................ Ans.
E
y
xy
0.25
210 103
E
x
400 m/m
0.25
400
0.25 1000
10
145.6 MPa 145.6 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.

E
21
xy
210
2 1 0.25
84.00 GPa
84.0 103 800 10
67.2 MPa ..................................................... Ans.
4-13*
x
xy
15, 000 psi

5500 psi
E
21
zx
3200 psi
zx
11,538.46 ksi
5000 0.30 15, 000 7500
50.0 10
0.30
375 in./in. .......................................................................... Ans.
in./in.
y
58.0 in./in. ....................................................................... Ans.
7500 0.30 15, 000 5000

30 106
yz
30, 000 ksi
30 106
58.0 10
15, 000 0.30 5000 7500
xy
zx
4750 psi
in./in.
yz
yz
375 10
xy
7500 psi
30 106
5000 psi
30, 000
2 1 0.30
x
x
in./in.
50.0 in./in. ........................................................................ Ans.
5500
11.53846 106
477 10
rad
477 rad ................................... Ans.
4750
11.53846 106
412 10
rad
412 rad ................................... Ans.
3200
11.53846 106
277 10
rad
277 rad ................................... Ans.
4-14*
x
120 MPa
xy
35 MPa
yz
E
21
m/m
G
G
zx
76 MPa
73 GPa
0.33
85 45
1825 m/m .......................................................................... Ans.

85
m/m
0.33 120 45
1910 m/m ......................................................................... Ans.

45 0.33 120 85
73 109
yz
zx
458 10
zx
73 109
1910 10
xy
yz
xy
120 0.33
45 MPa
73 109
1825 10
y
27.444 GPa
48 MPa
73
2 1 0.33
x
x
85 MPa
m/m
458 m/m .............................................................................. Ans.
35 106
27.444 109
1275 10
rad 1275 rad ......................................... Ans.
48 106
27.444 109
1749 10
rad 1749 rad ......................................... Ans.
76
11.53846 106
2770 10
rad
2770 rad .................................... Ans.
4-15
0.001
0.00200 in./in.
0.5
y
xy
xy
Lx
G
2
xy
xy
3000 0.00200
A 2 6 2 4
6 psi
96 lb ................................................................................. Ans.

4-16*
a
73 GPa
875 m/m
cos 2
sin 2
875 cos 2 120
875 cos 2 60
y
0.43301
xy
0.75000
0.43301
xy
64.7 MPa
G
xy
E
21
xy
650 m/m
60
sin 60 cos 60
0.33
700
650
481.25
868.75
1558.85 rad
875
0.33
258.33
10
64.7 MPa (T) ..................................................................................... Ans.

x
2.49 MPa
sin 120 cos 120
xy
73 103
2
xy
xy
0.75000
E
y
sin 2 120
73 103
2
700 m/m
sin cos
sin 2 60
120
xy
y
0.33
258.33 m/m
0.33
258.33
0.33 875
10
2.49 MPa (T) ..................................................................................... Ans.
73
2 1 0.33
27.444 GPa
27.444 103
1558.85 10
42.8 MPa ..................................... Ans.
4-17
E 30, 000 ksi

650 in./in.
b
45
650 cos 2 45
cos 2
sin 2
xy
30, 000
2
G
xy
250 in./in.
xy
sin 45 cos 45
475
0.30
650
0.30
250
10
18.96 ksi 18.96 ksi (T) ........................................................................................ Ans.
sin cos
250 sin 2 45
475 in./in.
550 rad
xy
0.30
30, 000
2
0.30
250
0.30 650
10
1.813 ksi 1.813 ksi (C) ........................................................................................ Ans.

E
21
xy
30, 000
2 1 0.30
11,538.46 ksi
11,538.46 550 10
6.35 ksi ........................................................ Ans.

4-18
540 cos 2 45
cos 2
sin 2
xy
930 m/m
20 m/m
sin cos
xy
sin 45 cos 45
930
0.30
540
0.30 20
10
120.0 MPa 120.0 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.

200 103
xy
200 103
2
45
20 sin 2 45
0.30
1300 rad
xy
200 GPa
540 m/m
40.0 MPa
E
21
xy
0.30
20
0.30 540
10
40.0 MPa (T) ..................................................................................... Ans.
200
2 1 0.30
76.923 GPa
76.923 103 1300 10
100.0 MPa ............................................ Ans.

4-19*
8 ksi
x
x
x
E
E
21
xy
xy
30, 000 ksi

0 ksi
y
0.30
xy
5 ksi
0.30 0
30, 000
267 10
267 in./in. ........................................ Ans.
0.30 8
30, 000
80 10
80 in./in. ....................................... Ans.
30, 000
2 1 0.30
5
11,538.46
11,538.46 ksi
433 10
433 rad ....................................................... Ans.

4-20*
a
200 GPa
555 m/m
cos 2
sin 2
555 cos 2 120
555 cos 2
120
1063.75
0.75000
0.43301
xy
878.75
(b)
E
21
xy
1
tan
2
p
740
0.30 1295
10
0.30
1295
0.30
555
10
213.620 10
16.43 MPa ................................................................................ Ans.

1
tan
2
xy
y
2 16.4323
36.593
248.022
3.293 ,
86.707
3.293
x
cos 2
sin 2
36.593 cos 2
37.539 MPa
p1
max
n 45
p1
p1
p2
p2
sin cos
248.022 sin 2
16.4323 sin
cos
2 143.3 MPa
2 105.7 MPa
249 MPa (T)
p2
37.5 MPa (C)

p
xy
248.968 MPa
p2
p2
p1
max
555
200 103
2 1 0.30
xy
120
248 MPa (T) ............................................................................... Ans.
16.4323 MPa
When
248.022 MPa
xy
0.30
120 cos
213.620 rad
xy
sin
925
36.6 MPa (C) ................................................................................ Ans.
xy
xy
200 103
xy
120
0.43301
740 m/m
120
sin 120 cos 120
sin 2
xy
0.75000
36.593 MPa
sin 2 120
sin cos
200 103
925 m/m
120
xy
E
x
0.30
1295.0 m/m
(a)
86.71 ........................Ans.
3.29 ............................................................................................ Ans.
143.3 MPa ......................................................................................................... Ans.

4-21*
a
30, 000 ksi
1000 in./in.
cos 2
sin 2
1000 cos 2 60
1000 cos 2 120
xy
2000 in./in.
60
sin 2 60
xy
sin 2 120
sin 60 cos 60
xy
0.75000
0.43301
xy
1750
0.75000
0.43301
xy
950
2000
sin 120 cos 120
1200
xy
1000
1200 in./in.
120
923.760 rad
xy
2
sin cos
1800 in./in.
0.30
1800
1000
1800
923.760
2
1400 611.01 in./in.

p1
1400 611.01 in./in. 2011.01 in./in.
p2
1400 611.01 in./in. 788.99 in./in.

x
p3
0.30 1000
1
2011
max
1200
rad
p1
74.1 ksi
max
3211 rad
30, 000
2
max
1800
1200 in./in.
1 0.30
E
p1
2200 in./in. - okay
p2
0.30
2011.01
2500 rad - design fails
0.30 788.99
10
74 ksi - design fails

E
21
37.05 ksi
max
30, 000
3211 10
2 1 0.30
40 ksi - okay
Design fails since both
max
and
p1
are above the design limits. ........................ Ans.
4-22
x
0 mm
0 mm
0.4 mm
P A
Then
0.4
25.4
1400
0.4 y 0.4
x
0.4
0.4
0.4
1400
0.4
0.4
0.4
1400
0 MPa
0.4
0 MPa
22.04724 MPa
31.496 MPa
22.04724 106 0.010 0.010
47.244 MPa
4.72 103 N
4.72 kN ............................................................................................................................ Ans.

4-23
(a)
E 10, 600 ksi
875 in./in.
cos 2
875 cos 2 135
875 cos 2
When
xy
135
xy
0.5000
0.5000
xy
xy
1050.00 rad
1
tan
2
135
350 in./in.
xy
sin 135 cos 135
135
xy
sin
700
135 cos
135
350
262.5
787.5
1050
875
525
18.435 , 71.565
18.435
cos 2
875 cos 2
sin 2
xy
p2
sin cos
525 sin 2
1050.00 in./in.
1050 sin
cos
p1
700.00 in./in.
p1
1050 in./in.
18.43 ............................................................................................. Ans.
p2
700 in./in.
71.57 ............................................................................................ Ans.
p3
p1
max
(b)
sin 2
0.5000
525.00 in./in.
sin cos
xy
700 in./in.
135
0.5000
0.33
sin 2 135
1
tan
2
sin 2
0.33
875
525
172.4 in./in. ......................... Ans.
1 0.33
1750 rad ..................................................................................... Ans.
p1
p2
10, 600
E
p1
p1
p1
9.7423 ksi
p2
10, 600
p2
p3
max
p2
4.2050 ksi
1050
0.33
700
10
9.74 ksi (T) ...................................................................................... Ans.
E
p2
0.33
p1
0.33
700
0.33 1050
10
4.21 ksi (C) ...................................................................................... Ans.
0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.

p
p1
p2
2 6.97 ksi ................................................................................ Ans.

4-24
200 GPa
0.30
ai
500 m/m
hi
750 m/m
ri
ao
500 m/m
ho
100 m/m
ro
100 MPa
0 MPa
On the inside:
ri
100 10
200 109
1 0.30 1 0.60
ri
ai
E
1 2
116.5 106 N/m 2

E
1 2
hi
ri
0.30 500 750
10
hi
0.30
907.1 750
10
116.5 MPa (T) ....................................................................... Ans.
hi
200 109
ri
ai
1 0.30 750
1 0.30 1 0.60
hi
ri
1 0.30 500
1 0.30 1 0.60
hi
1 0.30
ai
200 109
ai
ai
907.1 m/m
E
1 2
ri
0.30
907.1 500
10
155.0 106 N/m 2 155.0 MPa (T) ....................................................................... Ans.
On the outside:
200 109
E
ao
ao
ao
ho
116.5 106 N/m 2
ho
0.30
ho
ao
54.9 106 N/m 2
500
0.30 100
10
116.5 MPa (T) ...................................................................... Ans.

200 109
E
ho
0.30
100
0.30 500
10
54.9 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.
4-25*
300
3.25 8
i
300
4.25 8
o
avg
3.67281 psi
2000
2.80862 psi
2000
1836.403 rad
0
1404.308 rad
1836.403 1404.308
1620.356 rad
2
0.5 1620.356 10
8.10 10
x
0.5
in. ................................................................... Ans.
4-26*
(a)
(b)
TL
12.1 10
do
Td o
12.1 10
di
Tdi
12.1 10
TL
12.1 10
6
6
do
Td o
12.1 10
di
Tdi
12.1 10
6
6
70 2500
2.12 mm ....................................................... Ans.
70 105
0.0889 mm .................................................. Ans.
70 70
0.0593 mm ..................................................... Ans.
85 2500
2.57 mm .................................................. Ans.
85 105
0.1080 mm ............................................. Ans.
85 70
0.0720 mm ................................................ Ans.
4-27*
L
0.05
T
PL
AE
TL
3000 4 12
1 2 30 10
6.6 10
4 12
150.3 F ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
4-28
L
0
PL
TL
AE
22.5 10 6
80 40 103
72.0 mm ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
4-29
PL
AE
6.5 10
250 225 12
6.5 10
250 12 12
TL
4.39 in. ............................................................. Ans.
0.234 in. ............................................................. Ans.
4-30*
99.8
br
100
99.8
16.9 10
st
6
T 99.8
PL
AE
100
TL
0
11.9 10
T 100
403 C ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
4-31*
PL
AE
TL
12.5 10
6.6 10
b 5
80 20
80 20
0.020000 in.
0.0105600 in.
5 0.02 0.01056
0.0472 in.
..................................................... Ans.
4-32
PL
AE
22.5 10
75 300
0.50625 mm
11.9 10
75 300
0.26775 mm b
250
25
2.12 mm
a b
a
TL
250
0.50625 0.26775
25
..........................................................................Ans.
4-33
d
E
0 0.33 4
10, 000
d
0.25
12.5 10
60
0.25
0.000860 in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
4-34*
P W
2500 9.81
P
A
24,525
(a)
(b)
0.025
(c)
49.962 106 N/m 2
49.962 106
441 10
24,525 N
73 10
6
50
441 m/m ........................................................................................... Ans.

d
0 0.33 49.962 106

d
22.5 10
50.0 MPa ......................................... Ans.
T
22.5 10
50
73 10
25
0.0338 mm ................................................................................................................. Ans.
4-35
d
P
AE
L
correction
25 10
1 2 1 32 30 10
214 10
100 12
6.5 10
100 72
214 10
0.257 in.
0.257 in. ........................................................................................................ Ans.
4-36
TAB
(a)
AB
AB
(b)
BC
BC
(c)
TBC
PL
AE
25 kN
TL
25, 000 200

0.050
4 200 10
12 10
20 200
0.0607 mm .................................................................................................................. Ans.

PL
AE
TL
25, 000 150

0.025
4 70 10
22.5 10
20 150
0.1766 mm .................................................................................................................. Ans.

AB
BC
0.237 mm
........................................................................................ Ans.
4-37*
From Table 4-1 for the T300/5208 material
E1
E2
26,300 ksi
E2
E1
21
12
G12
1494 ksi
1494
0.28
26,300
1040 ksi
0.28
12
0.01591
The given data are

1
2
12
2000 in./in.
E1
1
4000 in./in.
21 2
12 21
26,300
0.28 0.01591
12
1500 rad
2000
0.01591 4000
10
54.5 ksi 54.5 ksi (T) ............................................................................................. Ans.

E2
1
12 21
6.84 ksi
G12
12
12 1
1494
0.28 0.01591
4000
0.28 2000
10
6.84 ksi (T) ............................................................................................ Ans.
1040 1500 10
1.560 ksi ........................................................... Ans.
4-38*
From Table 4-1 for the Scotchply 1002 Glass/Epoxy material
E1
E2
36.8 GPa
E2
E1
21
12
G12
8.27 GPa
8.27
0.26
36.8
4.14 GPa
12
0.26
0.05843
The given data are

1
12
30 MPa
1
E1
21
2
2
E2
30
36.8 103
2 MPa
0.05843
12
2
8.27 103
0.3 MPa
829 10
m/m
829 m/m ...................................................................................................................... Ans.

2
E2
12
E1
2
8.27 103
0.26
30
36.8 103
454 10
m/m
454 m/m ................................................................................................................... Ans.

12
G12
0.3
4.14 103
72.5 10
rad
72.5 rad ............................................ Ans.
4-39
E1
E2
26,300 ksi
E2
E1
21
12
G12
1494 ksi
1494
0.28
26,300
1040 ksi
12
0.28
0.01591
The given data are

1
12
40 ksi
1
E1
10 ksi
21
E2
40
26,300
0.01591
12
10
1494
2 ksi
1627 10
in./in.
1627 in./in. ................................................................................................................... Ans.

2
E2
12
E1
10
1494
0.28
40
26,300
7120 10
in./in.
7120 in./in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.

12
G12
2
1040
1923 10
rad
1923 rad ................................................... Ans.
4-40
From Table 4-1 for the Boron/epoxy material
E1
200 GPa
E2
E2
E1
21
12
20 GPa
20
0.23
200
G12
6 GPa
0.23
12
0.02300
The given data are

1
12
1000 m/m
200 103
E1
1
21 2
12 21
203 MPa
E2
1
12 21
500 m/m
0.23 0.023
12
1000
300 rad
0.023 500
10
203 MPa (T) ........................................................................................ Ans.

20 103
2
12 1
0.23 0.023
500
0.23 1000
10
14.68 MPa 14.68 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.
G12
12
6 103 300 10
1.800 MPa ...................................................... Ans.
4-41*
E1
26,300 ksi
E2
E2
E1
21
12
1494 ksi
G12 1040 ksi
1494
0.28
26,300
12
0.28
0.01591
The given data are

1
5 ksi
1
21
E1
2
12
E2
1
5
26,300
5
1494
0.01591
0.28
E2
0.003293 10
0.00013687 10
E1
5 ksi
12
5
1494
5
26,300
1 ksi
0.00013687 in./in.
0.003293 in./in.
0.0329 in. ......................................................................... Ans.

0.001369 in. ................................................................ Ans.
4-42
From Table 4-1 for the Scotchply 1002 Glass/Epoxy material
E1
36.8 GPa
E2
E2
E1
21
8.27 GPa
G12
8.27
0.26
36.8
12
4.14 GPa
12
0.26
0.05843
The given data are

1
5 MPa
1
E1
21
E2
E2
2 MPa
5
36.8 103
0.00015000 125
12
E1
2
8.27 10
0.00027716 100
0.05843
12
2
8.27 10
0 MPa
150.00 10
m/m
0.01875 mm ............................................................. Ans.
0.26
5
36.8 103
277.16 10
m/m
0.0277 mm ......................................................... Ans.

4-43
Since
0,
Ex
or
Ex
The total load carried by the composite is carried partially by the fibers and partially by the matrix. Thus,
P
where
f
x
Am
Ef
Af
Em
Am
since the fibers and the matrix are bonded together. Therefore,
E f Af
x
Af
Em Am
Ex
from which
Ex
E f Af
Em Am
A
E f Af
A
Em Am
A
E fVf
EmVm ................................................... Ans.
4-44
The total load carried by the composite is carried partially by the fibers and partially by the matrix. Thus,
Pf
Pm
Af
Am
Therefore,
Pf
P
where
f
m
Af
Af
x
Ef
m
Am
Ef
Af
Af
Em
Am
since the fibers and the matrix are
bonded together. Therefore,
Pf
P
E f Af
E f Af
E f Af
Em Am
E f Af
Em A Af
Dividing both the numerator and the denominator by the total area A gives
Pf
P
E f Af A
E f Af A
Em Am A
E fVf
E f Vf
Em 1 V f
................................................... Ans.
4-45*
(a)
E75
E1600
(b)
50 0
25, 000 ksi .....................................................................................................Ans.
0.002 0
26 0
13, 000 ksi ...................................................................................................Ans.
0.002 0
75
1600
57 ksi ...........................................................................................................................Ans.
21 ksi .......................................................................................................................Ans.
4-46*
x
120 MPa
E
x
0.33
80
xy
sin 2
2091.43 cos 2
60 MPa
0.33 120
0.002280 rad
xy
30
0.00209143
2091.43 m/m
0.00170857
1708.57 m/m
26.3158 GPa
60
26.3158 103
cos 2
70 103
70
2 1 0.33
E
21
80
70 103
xy
120
xy
0.33
70 GPa
y
80 MPa
2280 rad
sin cos
1708.57 sin 2
30
2280 sin
30 cos
30
154.2 m/m ................................................................................................................... Ans.
4-47
x
12 ksi
E
x
0.30
E
21
xy
0.30 12
6
11,538.46
y
sin 2
440 cos 2 120

c
30, 000
30, 000
2 1 0.30
cos 2
440 in./in. ................................................................... Ans.
0.00025333 in./in.
30, 000
xy
12
0.000440 in./in.
6 ksi
0.30
E
a
xy
30, 000 ksi

y
4 ksi
253 in./in. .............................................................. Ans.
11,538.46 ksi
0.000520 rad
xy
520 rad
sin cos
253.33 sin 2 120
520 sin 120 cos 120
145.2 in./in. ........................................................................................................ Ans.
4-48*
100 MPa
2 1
0 MPa
210
2 1
0 0.31250
E
L
0.31250
G 80 GPa
0.31250
100
31.250 MPa
210 GPa
80
210 103
0.0001953 10
100
210 103
31.250
0.0001953 m/m
0.001953 mm ................................................................. Ans.
4-49
29, 000
But
G 11, 000 ksi
29, 000 ksi

2 1
11, 000
xa
xa
Lxa
xa
xb
xb
Lxb
xb
xb ,
xa
2 1
0.31818
6 0.31818
29, 000
5
3
29, 000
therefore
12 0.63636
y
15
4.71 ksi ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
4-50
(a)
(b)
E1
E2
400 106
0.002 0
200 109 N/m 2
200 GPa ............................................... Ans.
y1
350 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
y2
1000 MPa .................................................................................................................... Ans.
4-51*
Assume series of rails all initially separated by 0.125 in.
When heated, rails expand from center in both directions.
TL
0.125
(a)
T 28.7 F
Rails touch when T
6.6 10
(b)
gap
6.6 10
T 55 12
60 28.7 88.7 F .................................................................. Ans.
50 55 12
0.21780 in.
0.125 0.2178 0.3428 in. 0.343 in. .............................................................. Ans.
4-52
x
72 MPa
36 MPa
E 100 GPa
x
36
E
21
xy
xy
100
2 1 0.28
cos 2
sin 2
619.20 m/m
0.00015840 158.40 m/m
0.00061440 rad
xy
614.40 rad
sin cos
158.40 sin 2 45
614.40 sin 45 cos 45
81.6 m/m ......................................................................................................... Ans.

cos 2
sin 2
619.20 cos 2 135

n
0.00061920
39.0625 GPa
24
39.0625 103
619.20 cos 2 45
0.28 72
100 103
0.28 36
619 m/m .......................................................................................................... Ans.
24 MPa
0.28
100 103
72
xy
xy
sin cos
158.40 sin 2 135
614.40 sin 135 cos 135
696 m/m ........................................................................................................... Ans.
4-53
x
8.5 ksi
E
x
8.5
0.30 4.5
30, 000
4.5
0.30 8.5
30, 000
xy
xy
30, 000
2 1 0.30
6
11,538.46
cos 2
sin 2
238.33 cos 2 20
n
6 ksi
0.30
E
E
21
xy
30, 000 ksi
4.5 ksi
0.00023833
238.33 in./in.
0.00006500 in./in.
65.00 in./in.
11,538.46 ksi
0.00052000 rad
xy
520.00 rad
sin cos
65.00 sin 2 20
520.00 sin 20 cos 20
385 in./in. .................................................................................................................... Ans.

4-54*
73 GPa
825 m/m
73 103
x
93.2673 MPa
73 103
825
0.33 950
10
0.33
950
0.33 825
10
100.1282 MPa 100.1 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.
xy
E
21
xy
1
tan
2
1
tan
2
cos 2
sin 2
93.2673 cos 2
77.7234 MPa
p1
18.66 MPa ................................................................................ Ans.
xy
2 18.6617
93.2673 100.1282
xy
39.792 , 50.208
sin cos
100.1282 sin 2
cos
115.6721 MPa
p2
115.7 MPa (T)
50.21 ................. Ans.
p2
77.7 MPa (T)
39.79 ................... Ans.
p3
0 MPa .................................................... Ans.

p1
2 18.6617 sin
p2
p1
39.792
p
n
73 103
680 10
2 1 0.33
xy
18.6617 MPa
xy
When
(b)
0.33
680 rad
xy
93.3 MPa (T) ............................................................................ Ans.
E
y
0.33
950 m/m
(a)
2 18.97 MPa ............... Ans.
p2
n 45
p1
p2
2 96.7 MPa
max
p1
p3
2 57.8 MPa (out-of-plane) .......................................................... Ans.
n 45
p1
p3
2 57.8 MPa
5-1*
AA
AB
total
62 4.52
4 12.37002 in.2
PA
PB
120 kip
42 4 12.56637 in.2
PL
AE
120 3 12
12.37002 30, 000
120 4 12
12.56637 10, 600
0.0549 in. ................................................................................................... Ans.
5-2*
A
(a)
(b)
(c)
AB
0.100 0.025
PL
AE
0.002500 m 2
350 103 800

0.002500 200 109
100 103 1200

BC
0.002500 200 109

180 103 1000
CD
total
0.002500 200 109
0.560 mm ........................................................ Ans.
0.240 mm ........... Ans.
0.360 mm
0.560 0.240 0.360 1.160 mm ............. Ans.
5-3
(a)
Apipe
avg
PL
AE
(b)
(c)
P
A
avg
62 4.82
4 10.17876 in.2
30
10.17876
2.95 ksi (C) .................................................................................... Ans.
30 24
10.17876 29, 000
0.0024392
24
0.0024392 in. 0.00244 in. (shorten) ............. Ans.
101.6 10
101.6 in./in. ............................................ Ans.
5-4*
AT
(a)
a a
a a
(b)
b b
b b
25
PL
AE
4 490.9 mm 2
55 103 1200
490.9 10
3.30693 mm
PL
AE
AB
15
4 176.71 mm 2
35 103 1500
6
73 109
3.31 mm ........................................ Ans.
3.30693
20 103 1500
176.71 10
73 109
0.563 mm .................................................................. Ans.
5-5
PL
AE
(a)
10 4 12
1.5
4 30, 000
20 4 12
1
4 30, 000
0.0498 in. ........................................................ Ans.
(b)
1.5
4
V
PL
AE
1
4
48
10 4 12
1.27475
48
20 4 12
2
4 30, 000
d2
96
4
1.27475 in.
0.0376 in. ............................................... Ans.
5-6
N
A
PL
AE
Pmax
P
0.025 0.075
100 106 N/m 2
P 2000
0.025 0.075 70 10
4 mm
P 187.5 103 N
P
262.5 103 N
187.5 kN ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-7*
(a)
PL
AE
230 11 12
9 29, 000
20 4 12
1
4 30, 000
0.11632 in. 0.1163 in. .............................. Ans.

(b)
PL
AE
0.11632
85 11 12
9 29, 000
0.1593 in. ......................................................... Ans.
5-8
PL
AE
P 1000
0.030
4 200 109
P 2000
0.0602 0.0402
212 103 N
4 180 109
3 mm
212 kN ................................................................................................. Ans.
5-9*
(b)
5 8
PL
AE
(a)
xA
yA
xB
yB
xC
yC
10 6
4 10
1 2 10, 000
0.00700 in. ...................................................... Ans.

0 .......................................................... Ans.
xyA
P
A
xyB
P
A
xyC
P
A
4
1 2
2.00 ksi (T) ........................ Ans.
0 .......................................................... Ans.
10
1 2
5.00 ksi (T) ........................ Ans.
0 ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
5
1 2
2.50 ksi (T) ....................................................................................... Ans.
5-10*
(a)
AA
602 502
AB
50
4 1963.495 mm 2
AC
25
4 490.874 mm 2
(b)
(d)
max
135 103 400

863.938 10
0.31252 mm
PL
AE
total
total
(c)
PL
AE
4 863.938 mm 2
200 109
0.313 mm ............................... Ans.
0.31252
265 103 500

1963.435 10
73 109
45 103 500
490.874 10
73 109
1.865 mm ................................................................................................................... Ans.
0.31252
400
N
A
135 103
N
A
265 103
863.938
1963.495
781 10
781 m/m ................................................................. Ans.
156.3 106 N/m 2
156.3 MPa
135.0 106 N/m 2
135.0 MPa
3
N 45 10
91.7 106 N/m 2 91.7 MPa
A 490.874
156.3 MPa ................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-11
(a)
AA
62 4.52
AB
(b)
0.02857 in. 0.0286 in. .......................................... Ans.

PL
AE
total
total
(c)
4 12.5664 in.2
205 50
12.3700 29, 000
PL
AE
max B
N
A
120
12.5664
max B
longB
120 40
12.5664 10, 600
longB
latB
9.5493 ksi
4.7747 ksi
9.5493
10, 600
latB
dB
0.02857
0.0646 in. ................................................................................................................... Ans.
max B
(d)
4 12.3700 in.2
9.55 ksi .............................................................. Ans.
4.77 ksi ............................................................................ Ans.
900.8774 10
0.33 900.8774 10
297.2895 10
297.2895 10
1.189 10
in. ........................................... Ans.
5-12*
AA
25 25
AB
25
PL
AE
(a)
625 mm 2
4 490.874 mm 2
50 103 1000
625 10
73 109
50 103 2000
490.874 10
73 109
3.89 mm .......................................................................................................................... Ans.

(b)
xA
yA
xB
yB
50 103
N
A
625 10
xB
(d)
yB
50 103
N
A
490.874 10
73 10
xB
101.859 106 N/m 2
101.9 MPa .............................. Ans.
0 MPa ............................................................................................................... Ans.
xyB
yB
80 MPa ....................................................... Ans.
0 MPa ............................................................................................................... Ans.
xyA
101.859 106
(c)
80 106 N/m 2
1395.331 10
0.33 1395.331 10
460.459 10
25
1395 m/m ......................................... Ans.

460.459 10
0.01151 mm ................................................... Ans.
5-13*
A
(a)
(b)
(c)
0.75
4 0.44179 in.2
5 3 12
0.44179 29, 000
PL
AE
N
A
11.31769
29, 000
E
x
xy
0.01405 in. .............................................................. Ans.
5
11.3177 ksi 11.32 ksi ............................................................... Ans.
0.44179
0 ksi ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
xy
xy
390.265 10
0.30 390.265 10
390 in./in. .................................................... Ans.

117.1 10
117.1 in./in. ............... Ans.
0 rad ................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-14
260 103 3500
PL
AE
(a)
9485 10
930 103 3500

6
200 109
2.20 mm ........................................................................ Ans.

(b)
xA
yA
yA
xB
yB
(c)
0 MPa ............................................................. Ans.
xyA
260 103
N
A
9485 10
27.4117 106 N/m 2
27.4 MPa (C) ........................................................... Ans.

0 MPa ............................................................................................................... Ans.
xyB
930 103
N
A
9485 10
2 1
98.0496 106 N/m 2
200
27.4117 106
yA
xA
xyA
200 10
yA
0.31579
xB
xyB
76
0.31579
137.059 10
137.059
137.1 m/m ................................ Ans.
43.3 m/m ................................................ Ans.
0 m/m ........................................................................................................................ Ans.

98.0496 106
yB
2 1
98.0 MPa (C) .............................. Ans.
200 10
yB
0.31579
490.2478 10
490.2478
490 m/m .................................. Ans.
154.8 m/m ........................................... Ans.
0 m/m ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
5-15
42 22
AA
(a)
PL
AE
a a
4 9.42478 in.2
0.045978 in. 0.0460 in.
(b)
b b
0.045978
(c)
yA
xB
(d)
E
d
do
di
4 3.14159 in.2
130 50
9.42478 15, 000
a a
yB
AB
......................................... Ans.
80 60
3.14159 30, 000
0.0969 in.
..... Ans.
N
A
130
13.7934 ksi 13.79 ksi (C) ............. Ans.
9.42478
80
25.4648 ksi 25.5 ksi (C) ................................................................. Ans.
3.14159
0 ksi .............................. xA
0 ksi ................................................... Ans.
xyB
xyA
2 1
x
15, 000
y
2 1
5600
0.33929
0.33929 13.7934
4
30, 000
0.000624 in. ........................................................ Ans.
0.33929 13.7934
2
30, 000
0.000312 in. ......................................................... Ans.
5-16*
PL
AE
35 103 900
0.025
A 1.81740 10
752 di2
4
tmin
m2
4 200 109
35 103 300
A 73 109
0.40 mm
1817.40 mm 2
1817.40 mm 2
di
57.5414 mm
75 57.5414 2 8.73 mm ................................ Ans.
5-17*
For the uniform section:
W1
P1
0.284 y
30, 000 0.284 y

25
0.284 2 5 y
30, 000 0.284 y dy

2 5 29 106
1.03448 10
25
9.79310 10
252
2
0.02587 in.
For the tapered section:
W2
0.284 y 0.0125 y 2
P2
30, 007 0.284 y 0.0125 y 2
Ay
by t
Py dy
y
20
1 0.025 y
0.5
30, 007 0.284 y 0.00355 y 2

dy
1 0.025 y 29 106
Ay E
60
30, 007 0.284 y 0.00355 y 2

dy
1 0.025 y 29 106
0.04139 ln 1 0.025 y
0.00355 64, 000
29 106
60
0.284 1600
29 106
1 0.025 y
2
1 0.025 y
ln 1 0.025 y
60
0
60
2 1 0.025 y
ln 1 0.025 y
0
0.03793 in.
total
0.0638 in. ................................................................................... Ans.
5-18
Py
Py dy
Ay E
L
3E
y
2
r
L
L
Ay
d
r2
L
L2
3E
L
r2L
r2
L
L2
L3
L
L3
y
dy
dy
L
3E
y
2
L3
L
L2
.................. Ans.
3E
5-19*
Py
Ay
y K
d
y
K
12
y
K
dy
L
P A
dy
dy
y3
3
2 3
L
...........................................Ans.
3K 2
5-21
2
Py
Py dy
Ay E
y
dy
3E
Ay
3
2
L
0
y 3
dy
E
y2
6E
y
dy
3E
L2
................................................Ans.
6E
5-22*
AA
502 302
AC
202
PL
AE
PL
AE
4 1256.6 mm 2
4 314.16 mm 2
75 103 400
1256.6 10
314.16 10
0.01
1 2y
0.75
dy
0.01
3.4105 10
1.0231 10
total
70 109
1.7052 mm
1 2y
75 103 dy
Pdy
Ay E
0.3411 mm
0.01 1 2 y
total
70 109
75 103 500
For the tapered section:
3.0694 mm
1 2y
3.4105 10
1 2y
70 109
3.4105 10
dy
1
2 1 2y
0.75
m 1.0231 mm
C
0.3411 1.0231 1.7052
3.07 mm ............................................................................................... Ans.
5-23
(a)
dL
300 3 L 900 L lb
0 in. L 15 in.
(b)
Px
d L x
900
Px
A
900
15 x
3
15 x lb
=400 15 x psi
0 in. x 15 in.
(c)
400 15 x
30 106
(Both
1
E
and
15
x
2 0.30 600
ds
are compressive, therefore
1
E
15
x
5640 400s ds
will be a shrink.)
5640 15 x
200 225 x 2
30 106
in.
0 in. x 15 in.
5-24
(a)
Px
x
0.300 ds
Px
A
0.300
1504.46
82
2
400s 1 sin 28
x2
2
tan 28
752.23 64 x 2 N/m 2
0m
(b)
x 0
5.7864 10
ds
3.6935 10
3.6935 10
P
3.6935 10
8 x
0.300
752.23L2
x 8m
2 0.30 400 1 sin 28

13 109
(c)
752.23 64 x 2
0.300 ds
x2
5.7864 10
1.9288 10
83
s 2 ds
x3 m
0m
x 8m
0.300
P 53.1721L2 N
0m L 8m
5-25*
Fx
Fy
(a)
0:
TBC cos 60
TBC sin 60
0:
TAB
9.2376 kip (T)
TBC
18.4752 kip (T)
16 0
9.2376 80
0.6 10, 600
PL
AE
AB
0.11620 in.
0.1162 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
AB
18.4752 160
1.25 29, 000
BC
0.08155 in.
0.0815 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
BC
(b)
TAB
sin 60
BC
0.07062 in.
cos 60
BC
0.04077 in.
0.09063 in.
tan 60
AB
uB
AB
vB
a c
0.1162 in.
0.1613 in.
........................................... Ans.
........................................... Ans.
5-26
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
TAB
(a)
TAB cos 45
50 cos 55
TAB sin 45
50sin 55
57.9228 kN (T)
12 12
LAB
FBC
1.41421 m
450 10
96 109
1.89619 mm
1.896 mm (stretch) .................................................. Ans.

69.6364 103 1000
BC
1450 10
180 109
0.26681 mm
0.267 mm (shrink) .................................................. Ans.
BC
(b)
69.6364 kN (C)
57.9228 103 1414.21
PL
AE
AB
AB
FBC
sin 45
AB
a 1.34081 mm b
cos 45
AB
b 1.34081 mm
tan 45
BC
uB
BC
c
0.267 mm
vB
a c
2.95 mm
c 1.60761 mm
........................................... Ans.
............................................. Ans.
5-27
Fx
Fy
0:
TBC sin 25
0:
TAC
(a)
TBC cos 25
AC
TAC sin 20
281.9768 lb (T)
281.9768
0.015
P
A
292.3648
0.015
BC
(b)
TAC cos 20
220 0
TBC
292.3648 lb (T)
18, 798 psi 18.80 ksi (T) ............. Ans.
19, 491 psi 19.49 ksi (T) ........................................................... Ans.
LAC
20 cos 20
21.28356 ft
255.4027 in.
LBC
20 cos 25
22.06956 ft
264.8107 in.
AC
281.9768 255.4027
PL
AE
AC
0.015 29, 000 103
292.3648 264.8107
BC
0.015 29, 000 103
0.17798 in.
0.1780 in. (stretch) ................................................. Ans.
AC
cos 45
0.11707 in.
AC
sin 45
0.11707 in.
AC
sin 20
0.05662 in.
cos 45
e c cos 20
vC
0.16556 in.
0.1656 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
BC
(c)
BC
0.41726 in.
0.39210 in.
d e 0.449 in.
............................................. Ans.
5-28*
Fx
Fy
tan
2.5 6
22.6199
LAB
2.52 62
6.5000 m
tan
4.5 6
36.8699
LAC
4.52 62
7.5000 m
0:
TAB cos
TAB sin
0:
TAB
(a)
FAC sin
92.8571 kN (T)
620 10
149.8 106 N/m 2
107.1432 103
AC
1000 10
107.1 106 N/m 2 107.1 MPa (C) .................................. Ans.
92.8571 103 6500
PL
AE
AB
620 10
200 109
4.86751 mm
4.87 mm (stretch) ...................................................................................................... Ans.
AB
107.1432 103 7500

AC
1000 10
200 109
4.01787 mm
4.02 mm (shrink) ........................................... Ans.
AC
180
90
30.5102
AC
cos
3.21430 mm
AC
sin
2.41072 mm
AC
sin
2.03984 mm
AB
107.1432 kN (C)
149.8 MPa (T) ........................................................................................................... Ans.
AB
(c)
100 0
FAC
92.8571 103
P
A
AB
(b)
FAC cos
cos
8.01746 mm
e cos
6.41397 mm
e sin
4.81048 mm
uA
a g
vA
1.596 mm 1.596 mm
8.82 mm
...................................................................... Ans.
..................................................................................................... Ans.
5-29
Fx
Fy
0:
TBC sin 30
0:
TBC cos 30
TAC
5.17638 kip (T)
TBC
7.32051 kip (T)
(a)
AC
AC
(b)
TAC cos 45
5.17638 10 12
0.326 10, 600
PL
AE
7.32051 15 12
0.508 29, 000
10 0
0.17976 in.
0.08944 in.
0.0894 in. (stretch) ................................................Ans.
AC
cos 45
0.12711 in.
AC
sin 45
0.12711 in.
AC
sin15
0.04653 in.
AC
cos15
0.17363 in.
0.1798 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
BC
BC
TAC sin 45
BC
0.04291 in.
e cos15
0.04443 in.
f cos 45
0.03142 in.
uC
a h 0.0957 in.
f sin 45
0.03142 in.
vC
b g
0.1585 in.
.............................. Ans.
................................ Ans.
5-30
(a)
L 375
b 0.56250 mm
(b)
1500 10
vC
250 150 b
0.937 mm
50 150 b 0.18750 mm
TA 200
A
1250 10
TA
200 109
TB 375
MD
0.18750 mm
234,375 N
TB
..................Ans.
940 10
100 109
0.56250 mm
141, 000 N
0:
250 P 150 141.000
50 234.375
P 131.5 kN .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-31*
CD
LCD
CD
72
PL
AE
TCD 6 12
2.5 29, 000
TCD
49.300 kip (T)
CD
0.048960 in. 0.0490 in. .................................. Ans.
0.048960 in.
sin
CD
45
cos
CD
35
sin
AD
12 13
cos
AD
5 13
CD
BD
sin
BD
AD
BD
sin
AD
BD
0.061200 in. 0.0612 in. ............................................Ans.
AD
0.056492 in. 0.0565 in. ............................................Ans.
BD
TBD 6 12
2.5 6500
TBD
AD
0:
0.061200 in.
13.8125 kip (T)
TAD 6 12
2.5 26, 000
TAD
Fy
680 10
0.056492 in.
51.0000 kip (T)
TCD sin
CD
TAD sin
AD
TBD
P 100.3 kip .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-32
A
A
a
d
LA
a sin
625 10
A
5000
3.12500 mm
35 a
5.20833 mm
54 a
6.51 mm
.................................... Ans.
5-33
Fx
Fy
0:
30 FBC cos 45
TAB cos 60
FBC sin 45
TAB sin 60
0:
TAB
(a)
21.9615 kip (T)
max AB
(b)
max AB
LAB
max BC
30 sin 60
AB
(d)
10.76 ksi (C) ................................................................................. Ans.
2 5.38 ksi .............................................................................................. Ans.

34.6410 in.
LBC
30 sin 45
42.4264 in.
0.0574166 in.
0.0574 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.

26.8973 42.4264
2.5 29, 000
BC
BC
17.57 ksi (T) .......................... Ans.
21.9615 34.6410
1.25 10, 600
PL
AE
AB
26.8973 kip (C)
2 8.78 ksi .............................................................................................. Ans.
26.8973
2.50
max BC
max BC
(c)
21.9615
1.25
P
A
max AB
FBC
0.0157401 in.
0.01574 in. (shrink) .................................................................................................. Ans.
AB
cos 30
0.0497242 in.
AB
sin 30
0.0287083 in.
AB
sin15
0.0148605 in.
c BC
0.0316800 in.
cos15
e d cos 30 0.0274657 in.
f d sin 30 0.0158400 in.
d
uB
b e 0.0561 in.
......................................... Ans.
vB
.......................................... Ans.
0.0339 in.
5-34*
AA
Fy
0.1002 0.0502
4
5.89049 10
AB
m2
FA TB
500 kN
B
FA 1500
5.89049 10
FA
TB 2000
100 10
BC
vC
1.96350 10
TB
333.333 103
5.89049 10
1.96350 10
200 109
84.9 106 N/m 2
1.96350 10
166.6667 kN (T)
56.6 106 N/m 2
166.6667 103 2000

B
(b)
333.333 kN (C)
P
A
2.000TB
166.6667 103
(b)
m2
(a)
A
(a)
FA TB 500 0
0:
FA
0.050
4
1.96350 10
200 109
56.6 MPa (C) .............................. Ans.
84.9 MPa (T) ..................................... Ans.
0.849 mm
............................................... Ans.
5-35*
Fy
0:
2 FS
FW
2 FS
FW
700 0
700 kip
S
FS 20
2 7.5 29, 000
FS
FW
(a)
(b)
FW 20
7.5 7.5 1800
4.29630 FW
72.9730 kip (C)

P
A
(a)
72.9730
7.5 7.5
313.5138
2 7.5
(b)
FS
313.5138 kip (C)
1.297 ksi (C) ..................................... Ans.
20.9 ksi (C) ........................................................................................ Ans.
313.5138 20
2 7.5 29, 000
0.01441 in. .............................................................................. Ans.
5-36
TS TC
90 N
S
(a)
C
TS L
2
1.5
TS
4 14 10
1.55556TC
TC L
9
1.5
4 7 109
(b)
TC
35.2 N (T) ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
TS
54.8 N (T) ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-37*
2TB TC
40 kip
B
TB 36
2 10, 600
TC
TC 36
2 28, 000
1.32075TB
TB
12.0455 kip (T)
TC
15.9090 kip (T)
P
A
(a)
12.0455
2
15.9090
2
(b)
6.02 ksi (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
7.95 ksi (T) .......................................................................................... Ans.
5-38
MD
0:
250 5
50TA 150TB
TA 3TB
25 kN
(a)
b 3a
TB 400
80 10
200 10
TB
(a)
(b)
TA 200
80 10
200 109
1.5TA
(b)
TA
4.5455 kN
TB
6.82 kN (T) ................................................................................................................... Ans.
vC
5a
4.55 kN (T) .....................................Ans.
4.5455 103 200

80 10
200 109
1.136 mm
....................................... Ans.
5-39
TAB
FBC
150 kip
AB
(a)
BC
TAB 24
2
2.25
FBC
TAB
(a)
uB
(b)
AB
(c)
d
d
FBC 24
4 10, 600
3.2
4 10, 600
2.02272TAB
(b)
49.6242 kip (T)
FBC
49.6242 24
AB
2.25
AB
LAB
AB
d
4 10, 600
0.02826
1177.425 10
24
0.33 1177.425 10
388.550 10
2.25
100.3758 kip (C)
0.02826 in. 0.0283 in.

6
......................... Ans.
1177 in./in. ............................................ Ans.

388.550 10
0.874 10
in./in.
in. ............................................ Ans.
5-40*
W
Fy
4500 9.81
TA TB
0:
MA
0:
TA
44,145 N
44.145 kN
44,145 0
3000TB 1000 44.145
29.430 kN
TB
A
29.430 10
1200
d A2 4 70 109
d A dB
14.715 kN
14.715 103 1800

d B2 4 200 109
1.952 ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
5-41*
TB
TA 40 kip
(a)
TC
TA 10 kip
(b)
(c)
TA 20
2.5
TA
(a)
TA 40 24
4 30, 000
0 kip
P
A
TB
(b)
ua
10 kip
4 10, 000
10 kip (C)
12.73 ksi 12.73 ksi (C) ................................................................... Ans.
10 24
a
TC
12.73 ksi (T) ........................................................................................... Ans.
10
C
40 kip (T)
4 10, 000
TA 10 24
0 ksi ....................................................................................................................... Ans.

40
4 10, 000
0.0306 in. 0.0306 in.
.............................. Ans.
5-42*
Fs
Fa
30 kN
s
Fs L
0.025 0.100 200 109
Fa
1.4600 Fs
Fs
12.1951 kN (C)
Fa
17.8049 kN (C)
12.1951 12.5
(a)
Fa L
0.100 0.100 73 109
17.8049 75
30
(b)
49.6 mm ...................................Ans.
5-43
TA
FB
95 kip
A
TA 72
1.25 30, 000
(a)
(b)
vC
0.015 in.
FB 24
3.75 15, 000
TA
0.22222 FB
TA
23.6648 kip (T)
FB
71.3352 kip (C)
N
A
N
A
A
(a)
0.015
7.8125 kip
(b)
23.6648
18.93 ksi (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
1.25
71.3352
19.02 ksi (C) .................................................................................. Ans.
3.75
23.6648 72
0.0454 in. ..................................................................... Ans.
1.25 30, 000
5-44*
TP
TB
(a)
0.15 mm
(b)
TP 200
0.15
4 2.1 109
TP
(a)
(b)
TB 400
N
A
TB
0.045
4 100 109
0.15
18,976.74 N
18,976.74
0.15
1.074 106 N/m 2
1.074 MPa (T) ............................................................... Ans.

N
A
200
18,976.74
0.045
P
200
11.93 106 N/m 2 11.93 MPa (T) ................................ Ans.

18,976.74 200
0.15
4 2.1 109
200.1023 mm .............................. Ans.
5-45*
MA
0:
2TB
TB
2TC
b cos
c cos
2L
C
TC 32
0.3 29, 000
TB
4TC
TC
cos
cos
(a)
LB
1 3 48
16 in.
LC
2 3 48
32 in.
(b)
TB 16
0.3 29, 000
1.000 kip (T)
0.3 29, 000

2
3000 0
1.000 1 48 3
B
6 1000
0.001839 in. ......................... Ans.
0.00368 in. ...................................................... Ans.
5-46
Fx
0:
Fy
Cx
C y TAD
0:
MC
0:
FB
27 FB
FB 375
4500 10
FB
(a)
AD
AD
12 10
0 kN
(c)
vD
200 109
(b)
FB
Cy
43.1073 kN
68.4646 103
300 10
199.6427 kN
C
Cx2 C y2
43.1073 kN
228 106 N/m 2
228 MPa (T) .............................................................................................................. Ans.
300 10
2.91600TAD
199.6427 103
(b)
TAD 450
1350
500
(a)
AD
68.4646 kN
N
A
6075 kN
1350 500
Cx
225 0
500TAD 1350 FB 1350 225
10TAD
TAD
4500 10
V
A
44.4 106 N/m 2
43.1073 103
2
0.020
68.6 106 N/m 2
68.4646 103 450

AD
300 10
44.4 MPa (C) .......................................... Ans.
200 109
0.513 mm
68.6 MPa ..................................... Ans.
..................................................... Ans.
5-47
5FS
FC
200 kip
(a)
S
FS L
2
AC
If FS
FS max
FC
and
If
F
A
FC AC
FS
and
Therefore
18
129.3142 kip
C
4 29, 000
b2 5
S
F
A
(c)
14.1372 kip , then
46.2977 in.2
129.3142
2.79 ksi
46.2977
1.4 ksi , then
C max
FC
7.0860
1
(b)
AC
7.0860 kip
S
FC L
AC 4500
C max
1.4 ksi
164.5698 kip
9.02 ksi
S max
18 ksi
AC
7.09 in.
(not correct guess)
117.5499 in.2
b 11.02 in.
(correct guess)
b 11.02 in. .............................................................................................................. Ans.
5-48*
2Ts
Fa
(a)
1 mm
(b)
Ts 330
6
120 10
(a)
Fa 251
190 10
625 10
Ts
39.2520 103 N 39.2520 kN
Fa
78.5040 103 N
N
A
120 10
1 mm
327 106 N/m 2
327 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.

625 10
125.6 106 N/m 2 125.6 MPa (C) ........................................ Ans.
78.5040 103 251

a
73 109
78.5040 kN
39.2520 103
78.5040 103
(b)
625 10
73 109
0.432 mm (shrink) ........................................................ Ans.
5-49*
Ts
Fb
(a)
0.020 in.
Fb 6
0.375 15, 000
Ts
s
N
A
Ts 6
0.5
Fb
9.59114 kip
9.59114
0.5
9.59114
0.375
4 30, 000
0.02 in.
(b)
48.8 ksi (T) .............................................Ans.
25.6 ksi (C) ...........................................................Ans.
5-50
Initially, bar CE is not connected to bar ABCD TCE
the load P
50 kN is applied to the end of bar ABCD . Then
MA
0:
320 50
TBF
80TBF
200 kN
200 103 1000

BF
1200 10
0.79365 mm
210 109
At this point, bar CE is connected to bar ABCD TCE

the applied load P is removed P
MA
c 3b 3
(a)
BF
2.38095
CE
2.38095
BF
TBF 1000
1200 10
CE
2.38095
210 109
159.2727 103 N 159.2727 kN
TCE
53.0909 103 N 53.0909 kN

CE
N
A
53.0909 103
N
A
53.0909 103
900 10
900 10
vD
1200 10
4b
BF
TCE 600
900 10
73 109
59.0 106 N/m 2
59.0 106 N/m 2
159.2727 103 1000

BF
(b)
CE
TBF
CE
(b)
3TCE
c 3 0.79365
0 and
0 . Then
240TCE 80TBF
0:
TBF
(a)
0 and
210 109
2.53 mm
59.0 MPa (T) ................................. Ans.
0.63203 mm
..................................................................................... Ans.
5-51
MC
8TA 5TB
0:
TB
A
1.6TA
85 b
TA 60
0.5 29, 000
1.6 0.1
TA 12.6270 kip
(b)
vA
N
A
A
(a)
8 5 0.1
1.6 0.1
(a)
in.
(b)
TB 60
1.2 15, 000
TB
20.2032 kip
12.6270
25.3 ksi (T) .........................Ans.
0.5
12.6270 60
0.0523 in. ....................................................................... Ans.
0.5 29, 000
5-52*
2
TBC
TAB 6 kN
(a)
TCD
TAB 3 kN
(b)
TAB 1000
BC
CD
TBC 1000
6
706.858 10
TAB
TAB
(a)
AB
BC
(b)
max
(c)
BC
(d)
N
A
TAB 3
TBC
3000
706.858 10
max
2 1
3 kN
73 109
CD
0 kN
4.24 MPa (T) ............................... Ans.
0 MPa .......................................................... Ans.
0.058139 mm
73 2 1
58.139 10
0.30357
17.649 10
BC
TCD
4.24 106 N/m 2
0.058139
1000
BC
AB
AB
2 2.12 MPa .................................................................................................. Ans.
706.858 10
73 109
4.24 MPa (C) ........................
dBC
d
(c)
TCD 1000
TAB 6
3 kN
3000 1000
BC
(e)
m2
0.030
AB
4 706.858 10
28
6
0.30357
m/m
58.139 10
30
0.0581 mm (shrink) ............ Ans.
0.529 10
17.649 10
3
m/m
mm (expands) ........................... Ans.
0.0581 mm (stretch)
0.058139
1000
58.139 10
m/m
58.1 m/m ................................... Ans.
5-53*
Fx
Fy
0:
FA
0:
MC
0:
Cx
FB 10 C y
8 FA 3FB
5.5 10
8FA 3FB
55 kip
83
FA 48
2.25 10, 600
FB
FA
(a)
(b)
(c)
FB 36
8
3 1.75 28, 000
1.02725 FA
(b)
4.96311 kip
FB
5.09835 kip
Cy
0.06146 kip
N 4.96311
2.2058 ksi 2.21 ksi (C) ............................................................ Ans.
A
2.25
5.09835
2.9133 ksi 2.91 ksi (C) ..................................................................... Ans.
B
1.75
1.103 ksi ....................... max B
1.457 ksi .............................. Ans.
max A
A 2
B 2
A
C
C
(d)
(a)
vD
Cx2 C y2
V
A
61.46 lb
61.46
0.5
10
10 A
a
8
8
156.5 psi ................................................................................
10 4.96311 48
8 2.25 10, 600
0.01249 in.
Ans.
............................................. Ans.
5-54
MF
0:
300 P 50 FD 100TC
FD
2TC
2
6P
(a)
0.09 mm
TC 300
600 10
TC
200 109
0.48000 FD
FD 150
2500 10
100 109
72, 000 N
0.09
(b)
Guess that
TC
TC max
215 106 600 10

Then
FD
and
Since
118, 750 N
N
A
Pmax
129, 000 N
P
118, 750
2500 10 6
47.5 MPa
max
62, 792 N
47.5 106 N/m 2
47.5 MPa
95 MPa , the guess was correct and
62.8 kN ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-55
Ts
Fb
(a)
nut
0.125
360
Ts 14
0.785 30, 000
Ts
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fb
(b)
Fb 12
1.767 15, 000
0.125
360
0.33156 kip
N 0.33156
0.42237 ksi (T)
A
0.785
0.33156
0.18764 ksi (C)
1.767
0.33156 14
0.785 30, 000
0.19711 10
in.
0.33156 12
1.767 15, 000
0.15011 10
in.
L 12
12 0.15011 10
in.
5-56
MC
0:
200TA 125TB
TB
1.6TA
(a)
200 125 b
1.6
200 125
nut
350 10
200 10
TA 1.49333TB
mm
TA 1500
6
nut
1.6
2.5
360
TB 1500
750 10
518.5185 N
100 109
(b)
TA 152.9854 N
TB
(a)
(b)
vA
vA
(c)
tan
244.7766 N
N
A
152.9854
350 10 6
0.43710 106 N/m 2
N 244.7766
A 750 10 6
0.0.32637 106 N/m 2
152.9854
A
350 10
3.27826 10
A
200
1500
200 109
mm
16.6913 10
5-57
MC
0:
5P 10TA 6 FB
10TA 6 FB
A
If
TA
If
5P
10 6
FB
P 2
P 2 50
2 10, 000
0.015 in.
0
TA 2
P 4
0.00125 P in.
10
5P
6
TA 50
2 10, 000
(a)
0.015 in.
FB 15
10
6 12 15, 000
TA
0.042373P 5.4915 kip
FB
0.76271P 9.15254 kip
(c)
10
0.015 in. , then
(b)
0.009
10TA 6 FB
(a)
(a)
0.015 in. , then

B
and
(b)
0.015
0.042373P 5.4915
0.02119 P 2.74575 ksi (T)
2
0.76271P 9.15254
12
0.06356 P 0.76271 ksi (C)
0.042373P 5.4915 50
in.
2 10, 000
0.76271P 9.15254 50
in.
12 15, 000
tan
10
5-58
MF
0:
300 P 50 FD 100TC
FD
2TC
2
If
TC
C
If
6P
(a)
0.09 mm
0.18 mm , then
D
FD
3P
600 10
0.00500 P 106 N/m 2
600 10
73 10
20.5480 P 10
mm
0.18 mm , then
2TC
2
6P
D
600 10
TC
(a)
0.09 mm
TC 300
73 109
0.17520 FD
FD 150
2500 10
26, 280 N
TC
0.77844 P 19,831 N
FD
4.44313P 39, 662 N
0.77844 P 19,831 300

C
600 10
73 109
4.44313P 39, 662 150

D
(c)
3P
FD
(b)
3P 300
and
2500 10
tan
100 109
100 109
0.09 mm
(b)
mm
mm
100
5-59*
(b)
13.25 ksi .......................................................................................................................... Ans.

0 (rigid supports) ........................................................................................................... Ans.
(c)
0 (nothing to exert a force) ........................................................................................ Ans.
(d)
T L
T L
10, 600
12.5 10
12.5 10
(a)
100
100
80
80
0.1000 in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-60*
(a)
T L
70 10
74.9583 106 N/m 2

(b)
T d
22.5 10
55
6000
1 mm
75.0 MPa ............................................................................. Ans.

0.346 74.9583 106
70 10
22.5 10
55
50
0.0804 mm ................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-61
FA
FS
total
F
AE
FA
7.06858 10, 600
AA
32 4 7.06858 in.2
AS
42 4 12.5664 in.2
T L
12.5 10
80
30
FS
12.5664 30, 000
FA
(a)
(b)
80
20
89.4493 kip (both C)
F 89.4493
12.65 ksi (C) .................................................................................. Ans.
A 7.06858
89.4493
7.12 ksi (C) .............................................................................................. Ans.
12.5664
(c)
FS
6.6 10
T d
0.30 89.4493
12.5664 30, 000
6.6 10
80
0.00240 in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.

89.4493
7.06858 10, 600
uB
uB
0.00581 in. 0.00581 in.
12.5 10
80
30
................................................................................. Ans.
5-62
summer
winter
200 10
T L
200 10
15 106
11.9 10
11.9 10
110.2 106 N/m 2
200 10
40
11.9 10
40
0 L
summer
15 106
200 10
11.9 10
110.2 MPa ................................................................................ Ans.
5-63*
AS
0.75
AC
10
9 FS
FC
4 0.44179 in.2
96.0239 in.2
9 0.44179
150 kip
(a)
S
FS 24
0.44179 30, 000
6.6 10
100 24
FC 24
96.0239 4500
32.60305FS
FC
(a)
(c)
FC
111.9428 kip
6.0 10
25.92646 kip
FS
100 24
(b)
4.22869 kip
111.9418
1.166 ksi (C) .......................................................................................... Ans.
96.0239
4.22869
9.57 ksi (C) ............................................................................................. Ans.
0.44179
4.22869 24
6.6 10 6 100 24
S
0.44179 30, 000
0.00818 in. .................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-64*
AAB
TAB
ABC
50
4 1963.495 mm 2
TBC 100 kN
(a)
AB
BC
TAB 103 200

1963.495 10
200 10
11.9 10
20 200
TBC 103 200

1963.495 10
TAB TBC
TAB
143.4624 kN
TBC
1963.495 10
43.4624 103
BC
200 10
186.9248 kN
143.4624 103
AB
1963.495 10
11.9 10
20 200
0
(b)
43.4624 kN
73.1 106 N/m 2
73.1 MPa .............................................. Ans.
22.1 106 N/m 2
22.1 MPa .............................................. Ans.
5-65
TC
If W
2TB
0 , then
TC
2TB
(a)
But since wires cannot sustain compressive

forces, neither of the tensions can be negative
and the only solution of Eq. (a) is
TC
TB
regardless of any temperature change. And if the tensions are all zero, the stresses are also all zero
B
0 ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
5-66*
Fx
Fy
0:
Cx
C y TA TB 100 0
0:
MC
0:
150TA 450TB
TA 3TB
TB 500
300 10
70 10
22.5 10
TA 8TB
1200 10
19,530 N
TA
212.8555 kN
Cx
0 kN
(b)
11.9 10
210 109
25 250
(b)
29.0482 kN
C
Cx2 C y2
141.904 kN
177.4 106 N/m 2 177.4 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
29.0482 103
300 10
141.904 kN
212.8555 103
25 500
19.530 kN
TB
Cy
1200 10
TA 250
450
150
0
(a)
450 150
450 100
300 kN
(a)
96.8 106 N/m 2
96.8 MPa (T) ............................................ Ans.
max A
max A
2 88.7 MPa .............................................................................................. Ans.
max B
max B
2 48.4 MPa .............................................................................................. Ans.
(c)
(d)
vE
vE
V
A
141.904 103
2
0.020
226 106 N/m 2
29.0482 500
B
300 10
0.410 mm
70 10
22.5 10
226 MPa ....................................... Ans.
25 500
................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-67
TC
2TB
5 kip
Assume that the wires are adjusted such that the weight is evenly
supported by the three wires prior to the temperature change. Then
TC
TB
5 3 1.66667 kip
1.66667 3 12
0.25 29, 000
0.0082759 in.
1.66667 5 12
0.5 10, 600
0.0188679 in.
50 F
After the temperature change of
TC
2TB
5 kip
(a)
and assuming that the wires stay taught (in tension)

the additional stretch of the wires must be equal
0.0082759
TB 36
0.25 29, 000
0.0188679
6.6 10
50 36
TC 60
0.5 10, 600
TB
2.27987TC
TB
2.59469 kip
0.0082759
12.5 10
3.02647 kip
50 60
0.0188679
(b)
TC
0.18939 kip
But since wires cannot sustain compressive forces, neither of the tensions can be negative. Therefore, the wire C
must have become slack, all of the weight is being carried by the wires B , and
TB
B
5 2 2.500 kip
TC
0 kip
2.500
10.00 ksi ....................................................................................................... Ans.
0.25
0 ksi ................................................................................................................................ Ans.
5-68
Fx
Fy
Ax
Ay TCE TBF
0:
0:
MA
240TCE 80TBF
0:
TBF
3TCE
(a)
c 3b
3
CE
BF
BF
TCE 600
900 10
73 10
22.5 10
TCE 1.30357TBF
(a)
65,824.29
900 10 6
Ax2
TCE
Ay2
0.030
2
4
2
0.030
65,824.29
C
0.030
186.2 106 N/m 2
11.9 10
60 1000
(b)
Ay
131, 648.58 N
1200 10
4b
73.1 MPa (T) ................................................. Ans.
BF
186.2 MPa ................................................. Ans.
139.7 106 N/m 2
93.1 106 N/m 2
197, 472.87 1000

BF
vD
131, 648.58 N
197, 472.87
(c)
210 10
65,824.29 N
73.1 106 N/m 2
131, 641.58
A
1200 10
197, 472.87
164.6 106 N/m 2 164.6 MPa (T) .......................................... Ans.
6
1200 10
BF
60 600
323, 244.00 N
197, 472.87 N
CE
(b)
TBF 1000
TBF
CE
210 10
0.278 mm
139.7 MPa .......................................... Ans.
93.1 MPa ...................................................... Ans.
11.9 10
60 1000
0.069623 mm
.................................................................................. Ans.
5-69*
Initially,
init
PL
AE
200 120
TL
0.15 10.6 10
12.5 10
0 120
0.01509434 in.
First determine the temperature rise required to close the gap so the weight rests on the floor
200 120
0.15 10.6 10
init
12.5 10
T 120
T
0.08 0.02309434 in.
(a) Not touching the floor. Therefore, T
53.33 F
200 lb and
200
1333 psi (T) ...................................................................................................... Ans.
0.15
(b) Now the weight is partially resting on the floor so T W and
120
10.6 10
12.5 10
60 120
0.02309434 in.
5910 psi
But the wire cannot support a compression. Therefore, at this temperature the wire has become slack, and the
weight rests totally on the floor.
0 psi .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-70*
d
dx
r2
P
AE
1 x ro
2
1 x ro2
P
E
dx
1 x
P
Ao
2E
P
A
1 x
P
AE
Ao
T dx
1
1 x
2 74 109 12.5 10
T 1
Ao
P
EAo
P
2 EAo
T
0
2E
1 x
Ao
92.5 106
1 x
1 x
N/m 2
1 x
92.5
1 x
50
MPa (C) ............................................................ Ans.
5-71*
sin
45
TA 2 4 5 TB
45
200 kip
6.6 10
4
5
TA
(a)
(b)
vC
vC
(a)
TB 5 12
2.5 30, 000
TB
30 5 12
TA 4 12
3 15, 000
9.4 10
1.06667TA 37.41000 kip
96.0055 kip (T)
96.0055
3
64.9966
2.5
A
200 kip
50 4 12
(b)
TB
64.9966 kip (T)
32.0 ksi .........................................................Ans.

26.0 ksi .........................................................Ans.
96.0055 4 12
3 15, 000
9.4 10
50 4 12
0.0799 in. ...........................................................................Ans.
5-72
2Ts
s
Fa
(a)
0.5 mm
Ts 330
115 10
190 10
17.3 10
100 330
Fa 250.5
625 10
Fa
Ts
s
2.75079Ts
18,890.08 N
73 10
22.5 10
89, 742.83 N
Fa
100 250.5
0.5 mm
(b)
37, 780.16 N
18,890.08
164.3 106 N/m 2
6
115 10
164.3 MPa (T) .............................................................................. Ans.
37, 780.16
625 10 6
60.4 106 N/m 2
60.4 MPa (C) .................................................. Ans.
5-73
TS
FA
S
2V
2TS
(a,b)
TS 7
0.5 1 29, 000
6.6 10
40 7
FA 7
0.5 1 10, 600
TS
2.73585FA
TS
12.5 10
3.42200 kip
0.52876 kip
40 7
(c)
FA
2V
1.05752 kip
(The negative means that the steel is actually in compression and the aluminum is actually in tension.)
0.52876
0.5
2.69 ksi ............................................................................................ Ans.
5-74
d
dx
E
L
0
100 x 2
dx
E
L2
100 E
3
100 x 2
L2
L 100 L3
E
3L2
100 22.5 10
52.5 106 N/m 2
70 109
3
52.5 MPa .............................................................................. Ans.
5-75
Ta
Fs
(a)
(b)
nut
Ta 14
1.4 10, 000
12.5 10
T 14
Fs 12
0.400 30, 000
6.6 10
T 12
nut
Initially,
Ts
Fb
3.500 kip
nut
0.00700 in.
As the temperature rises,
Ta 14
1.4 10, 000
12.5 10
T 14
Fs 12
0.400 30, 000
Ta
Fs
6.6 10
T 12
0.00700 in.
3.5 0.0479000 T kip (bolt - tension; sleeve - compression)
Note that at a temperature of about 73 F the force in the bolt and in the sleeve both go to zero. Beyond this point,
the two pieces separate and no longer exert forces on each other the forces and stresses both become zero
(a)
N
A
3.5 0.0479000 T
1.4
3.5 0.0479000 T
0.4
2.5 0.0342143 T ksi (T)
8.75 0.119750 T ksi (C)
0 F
73 F
0 F
73 F
5-75 (cont.)
a
(b)
0 ksi
73 F
3.5 0.0479000 T 14
1.4 10, 000
3.500 0.12710 T 10
3.5 0.0479000 T 12
0.400 30, 000
3.500 0.12710 T 10
12.5 10
12.5 10
6.6 10
6
6
T 14
T 12
100 F
T 14
in. (stretch)
6.6 10
T 12
0 F
73 F
0 F
73 F
in. (shrink)
0.17500 T 10
in. (stretch)
0.0.07920 T 10
in. (shrink)
73 F
100 F
73 F
100 F
5-76
P 35 kN
MF
0:
300 35
FD
2TC
2
50 FD 100TC
210 kN
(a)
0.09 mm
TC 300
600 10
200 10
11.9 10
2500 10
73 10
TC
0.65753FD
TC
90.7455 1.78311 T kN
4.12800 T
T 300
600 10
22.5 10
72.000 kN
90.7455 1.78311 T 103

C
FD 150
(a)
FD
T 150
0.09
(b)
28.5090 3.56621 T kN
151.2425 2.97185 T MPa (T)
5-76 (cont.)
28.5090 3.56621 T 103

D
(b)
2500 10
11.4036 1.42648 T MPa (C)
90.7455 1.78311 T 103 300

C
600 10
200 10
(c)
T 300
0.22686 0.00088778 T mm
28.5090 3.56621 T 103 150
11.9 10
2500 10
73 10
22.5 10
T 150
0.02343 0.00044387 T mm
tan
100
5-77
MC
8TA 3TB
0:
8
83
48
28, 000
2.25
2.07407
1.75
(a)
6.6 10
8
B 36
3 10, 600
(a)
A
B
(b)
5.2830
48
12.5 10
0.51520 T ksi
T 36
(b)
0.043087 T ksi (T)

0.089365 T
390.7 10
146.51 10
0.089365 T ksi (C)
T in. (stretch)
6
T in. (stretch)
5-78
MA
240TCE 80TBF
0:
TBF
1200 10
BF
3TCE
2.2500
BF
CE
900 10
(a)
CE
c 3b
(b)
BF
BF
1000
210 10
4.76190 10
mm
BF
(The temperature of BF never changes.)

CE
600
73 10
22.5 10
8.21918 10
When
9
CE
13.500 10
600
3
mm
0 (after CE has been heated and the pin inserted),
b c
CE
CE
BF
22.5 10
80 600
1.0800 mm
As CE cools down
8.21918 10
14.28570
BF
9
CE
13.500 10
8.21918
CE
13.500 106
3b 3 4.76190 10
T
9
BF
(b)
5-78 (cont.)
(a)
BF
0.75256 106
T N/m 2 ........................................................................................ Ans.
CE
0.33447 106
T N/m 2 ........................................................................................ Ans.
(Note that since
T is negative the stresses will be positive or tension stresses.)

0.75256 106
(b)
BF
210 10
8.21918 10
10.75093 10
CE
T 1000
1.080 c
0.33447 106
3
3.58364 10
13.500 10
T mm ................................ Ans.
3
1.080 10.75093 10
T mm ................................................... Ans.

5-79*
For the fillet:
D d
From Fig. 5-20(c):
Kt
P
At
1.73
3 2 1.50
r d
0.4 2 0.20
1.73
P
2 0.25
66 ksi
P 19.08 kip
d w 0.5 3 0.1667
For the hole:

From Fig. 5-20(b):
Kt
Pmax
Kt
P
At
Kt
2.48
2.48
P
3 0.5 0.25
66 ksi
P 16.63 kip
16.63 kip ..................................................................................................................... Ans.

5-80
For the small hole:
From Fig. 5-20(b):
Kt
P
At
From Fig. 5-20(b):
Pmax
d w 16 160 0.10
Kt
2.6
2.6
P
0.160 0.016 0.010
421 103 N
760 106 N/m 2
760 106 N/m 2
P 332 103 N
d w 64 160 0.40
For the large hole:
Kt
P
At
Kt
2.2
2.2
P
0.160 0.064 0.010
332 kN ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
5-81
(a) With no hole:
500
4 18
d w
With a hole:
Kt
From Fig. 5-20(b):

A
3.00
1000 psi ....................................................................... Ans.
1 64 4 0.0039
3.00
500
4 1 64 1 8
3012 psi ................................................................. Ans.
(b) At A:
1 2 cos 2
Eq. 5-6:
(c) With a 1-in. hole:
A
2.35
500
4 1 18
500
4 2 18
1 2 cos 2
Kt
0
3000 psi ............................ Ans.
2.35
3133 psi ....................................................................... Ans.
1000 1 2 cos 2 0
d w 2 4 0.50
2.12
1000 1 2 cos 2 0
d w 1 4 0.25
1 2 cos 2
(d) With a 2-in. hole:
Kt
3000 psi ............................ Ans.

2.12
4240 psi ...................................................................... Ans.
1000 1 2 cos 2 0
3000 psi ............................ Ans.
(Since Eq. 5-6 assumes a plate of infinite width, the size of the hole has no effect in the equation.)

5-82*
For the fillet:
Kt
P
At
Kt
From Fig. 5-20(c):
rmin
D d
80 40
r d
r 40
Kt
2.0
100 103
0.040 0.020
205 106 N/m 2
1.64
r d
r 40 0.3
12.00 mm ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-83*
r
b
For the grooves:
Kt
P
At
0.5
B 1
10
Kt
B 1 0.5
d
r
20 ksi
1
(a)
Solve by systematic trial and error.

First try K t
2:
then
B 1 2
r b 0.5 2 0.25
Fig. 5-20(a):
Kt
Eq. (a) gives
Next try K t
1.92
1.92 :
Eq. (a) gives
B 1 1.92
then
r b
Fig. 5-20(a):
Kt
Therefore
Bmin
0.5 1.92 0.26
1.92
1.92 1 2.92 in. ........................................................................................... Ans.

5-84
At A:
xy
d w 80 200 0.40
Kt
From Fig. 5-20(b):
P
Kt
At
2.2
180 103
2.2
0.200 0.080 0.025
E
1
2G
x
x
73 109
549 10
y
73 109
1808 10
xy
xy
549 m/m .................................................................................. Ans.
132.0 106
E
y
1 0.30357
0.30357 132.0 106
E
x
73
2 28
132.0 106 N/m 2
1808 m/m ................................................................................ Ans.
0 rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
5-85*
MB
(a)
0:
TCD
CD
(b)
TCD
CD
(c)
CD
CD
8TCD 10 P
1.25 P 1.25 28
35
1.00
35.0 ksi ................................................................Ans.
1.25 P 1.25 35
43.75
1.00
0.004
CD
LCD
35 kip
43.75 kip
43.75 ksi
43.75 42
1400
43.7 ksi ...................................Ans.

0.0052500 in./in.
0.0052500 8
0.0420 in. ................................................................ Ans.
5-86*
A
(a)
20
314.1593 mm 2
50 103
top
314.1593 10
159.2 106 N/m 2
159.2 MPa .................................................. Ans.
top
30 103
bottom
314.1593 10
bottom
(b)
95.5 MPa ......................................................................................................... Ans.

95 103
top
314.1593 10
302 106 N/m 2
30 103
bottom
95.5 106 N/m 2
314.1593 10
302 MPa ................................................ Ans.
95.5 106 N/m 2
95.5 MPa .......................................... Ans.
5-87
(a)
10
AB
1.25
10
BC
0.75
8.14873
10
10,500
(b)
20
AB
1.25
20
BC
0.75
1629747
10
10,500
8.14873 ksi
42 ksi
22.63537 ksi
22.63537
10
10,500
42 ksi
0.0293 in. ................................................... Ans.
16.29747 ksi
42 ksi
45.27074 ksi
42 ksi
42
10,500
45.27074 42
10
1400
0.0789 in. ........................ Ans.
5-88*
0:
Fx
Fy
Cx
C y TA TB 160 0
0:
MC
0:
1.5TB
1.5TB
4TA
4 1.5
4TA 5 160
800 kN
(a)
(b)
Try elastic solution
TA 2000
6
500 10
73 10
TB
4
1.5
TB
110.55362 103
6
500 10
238.52343 103
B
750 10
(a) Therefore,
TB
A
(b)
Cx
(c)
(d)
210 109
238.52343 kN
221 106 N/m 2
330 MPa - elastic
318 106 N/m 2
275 MPa - plastic
275 106 750 10
245 106 N/m 2
0 kN
Cy
0.030
TA 122, 656 N
206, 250 N
122, 656
500 10 6
275 MPa (T) .................................................................................................. Ans.
168,906
C
750 10
2.15753TA
TA 110.55372 kN
A
TB 1500
245 MPa (T) (still elastic) ........................... Ans.
168.906 kN
119.5 106 N/m 2
Cx2 C y2
168,906 kN
119.5 MPa .......................................... Ans.
max A
max A
2 122.5 MPa ............................................................................................ Ans.
max B
max B
2 137.5 MPa ............................................................................................ Ans.
vD
5
4
122, 656 2000

500 10
73 109
8.40 mm
................................................. Ans.
5-89*
2TS TA
8
29, 000
10
10, 600
A
Pmax
3.2
(a)
TS
2 1.6
100 1.6
100 ksi
160 kip (T)
93.572 2 160
3.41981
TA
(b)
29.2414 ksi
29.2414 3.2
93.572 kip (T)
414 kip ..................................................................................... Ans.
5-90
sin
45
TA 2 4 5 TB
B
45
1110 kN
(a)
(b)
TB 1500
1500 10
TB
TA
200 10
1500 10
1500 10
TB
A
(b)
vC
72 109
513.2948 kN
342 106 N/m 2
380 MPa - elastic
250 MPa - plastic
250 MPa (T) .................................................................................................. Ans.
250 106 1500 10

510, 000
1500 10 6
375, 000 N
340 106 N/m 2
510, 000 1200

A
192.5 106 N/m 2
513.2948 103
(a) Therefore,
1500 10
TB
288.7283 kN
TA 1200
1.77778TA
288.7283 103
4
5
1500 10
72 109
TA
510, 000 N
340 MPa (T) (still elastic) ......................... Ans.

5.67 mm
.......................................................... Ans.
5-91*
Fx
0:
Fy
Cx
C y TB
0:
MC
TB
4 5 TA 50 0
6TB 15 4 5 TA
0:
3 5 TA
18 50
2TA 150 kip

45 a
45
(a)
15 6
(b)
TA 40
1.5 10,500
TB
TA
TB 20
1.5 29, 000
2.76190TA
TB
31.50 kip
87.00 kip
31.5
21.0 ksi
55 ksi - elastic
1.5
87.00
58.0 ksi
36 ksi - plastic
B
1.5
(a) Therefore,
36 ksi (T) ........................................................................................................ Ans.
B
A
TB
A
(b)
36 1.5
48.00
1.5
Cx
28.80 kip
2
150 54 2
48.00 kip
32.0 ksi (T) (still elastic) ........................................................................ Ans.
51.2562
C
TA
54.00 kip
Cy
42.40 kip
Cx2 C y2
51.2562 kip
32.6 ksi ............................................................................................... Ans.
5-92
EA
TA
350 106
0.005
TS 530 kN
70.0 109 N/m 2
ES
1400 106
200.0 109 N/m 2
0.007
(a)
(b)
TA 750
315 10
TS 750
70 109
315 10
TA 137.407 kN
A
Therefore,
350 MPa - plastic
392,593
315 10 6
1246 106 N/m 2
1400 MPa - elastic

350 106 315 10
110, 250 N
530, 000 110, 250 419, 750 N
419, 750
315 10 6
1333 106 N/m 2
419, 750 750

S
TA
350 MPa (T)
2.85714TA
392.593 kN
436 106 N/m 2
TS
TS
137, 407
315 10 6
TS
200 109
315 10
200 109
1333 MPa (T) (still elastic)
5.00 mm
............................................................ Ans.
5-93
MD
10 P 5TA 2TB
0:
5TA 2TB
10 P
52
2.5
10 5
40 kip
(a)
0
(a)
(b)
(c)
TA 10
2 10, 000
TB
TA
A
(b)
2.5
TB 10
2.5 30, 000
1.5TA
5TA 2TB
50.0 kip
TB
50.0
25.0 ksi
2
75.0
30.0 ksi
2.5
60 kip
10 40
400 kip
75.0 kip
34 ksi - elastic ...................................................................... Ans.

36 ksi - elastic ...................................................................... Ans.
TB
TA
1.5TA
5TA 2TB
75.0 kip
TB
10 60
600 kip
112.5 kip
75
37.5 ksi
34 ksi - yields
2
112.5
45.0 ksi
36 ksi - plastic
B
2.5
Therefore,
36 ksi (T) ........................................................................................................ Ans.
B
A
TB
A
36 2.5
84.00
2
90.0 kip
TA
84.0 kip
42.0 ksi (T) .................................................................................................. Ans.
5-93 (cont.)
(c)
65 kip
B
5TA 2TB
36 ksi (T)
TB
TA
94.0 kip
94.0
2
47.0 ksi
vC
(d)
40 kip
(e)
65 kip
2 A LA
36 2.5
2 0.006 10
10 65
25
10, 000
650 kip
90.0 kip
0.006 in./in.
0.1200 in.
....................................................... Ans.
0.00250 in./in. ........................................................ Ans.
0.006 in./in. ............................................................................... Ans.

B
LB
2.5
10
2.5
0.00240 in./in. .................................. Ans.
5-94
MC
0:
150TA 450TB
TA 3TB
4.5
If
3P
500 10
450 P
750 10
3P
6000 P
(a)
(b)
0.0013095 m/m , then

B
500
210 10
B
4.3151
250
73 109
(b)
From Eqs. (a) and (b):

A
293.9 P N/m 2 (T)
1268.0 P N/m 2 (T)

A
73 109
B
If
250
mm
500
mm
210 109
0.0013095 m/m , then

B
275 106 N/m 2 (T)
and from Eq. (a):

A
6000 P 1237.5 106 N/m 2 (T)

A
250
73 109
3
mm
5-95
Ast
Fal
al
al
st
0.75
4 0.44179 in 2
Tst
0.40
0.44179
st
1.10447
al
0.125
360
nut
12
30, 000
st
st
If
al
(a)
st
(b)
0.400 10
3
st
0.004 then
10
10,500
al
al
0.400 10
0.95238 10
0.95238 10
st
3
al
0.125
360
3
al
(b)
From Eqs. (a) and (b)

(a)
(b)
If
al
st
0.23915 ksi (T)
al
1.10447
st
0.400 10
al
0.95238 10
0.26414 ksi (C)
st
0.09566 10
st
3
al
in.
0.25156 10
in.
0.004 then
al
42
1400
al
0.004
0.400 10
3
st
10
7.14286 10
7.14286 10
3
al
0.2600
al
0.2600
0.125
360
(b)
5-95 (cont.)
Now from Eqs. (a) and (b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
31.3666 0.041889
st
al
1.10447
st
0.400 10
al
7.14286 10
L 10
ksi (T)
34.6434 0.046265
st
12.5466 0.01676
st
3
al
0.2600
ksi (C)
10
in.
12.5470 0.33046
10
in.
al
5-96*
pr
2t
100 148
2 2
3700 kPa
3.70 MPa ............................................................ Ans.
5-97*
h
800 5
pr
10, 000 psi
t
t
t 0.400 in. ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-98
a
pmax
pr
2t
p 1625 22
2 22
45.0 MPa
p 1.235 MPa
pr
t
p 1625 22
22
100.0 MPa
p 1.372 MPa
1.235 MPa ................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-99
pr
2t
100
17.5 12
2 78
78
11,950 psi
11.95 ksi ................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-100*
x
xy
n
pr
2t
950 500 50
2 50
4275 kPa
4.275 MPa
pr
t
950 500 50
50
8550 kPa
8.550 MPa
0 MPa
x
30
cos 2
4.275cos 2
n
nt
sin 2
30
xy
sin cos
8.55sin 2
30
5.34 MPa (T) ............................................................................................................... Ans.

x
sin cos
4.275 8.55 sin

nt
xy
cos 2
30 cos
sin 2
30
1.851 MPa .................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-101*
(a)
(b)
pr
2t
200 3 12
2 0.5
7200 psi
pr
t
200 3 12
0.5
14, 400 psi 14.40 ksi ...................................................... Ans.
2 1
a
29, 000
2 11, 000
1 0.31818
7.2 0.31818 14.4

29, 000
90.3 10
14.4 0.31818 7.2

29, 000
418 10
E
h
7.20 ksi ............................................................ Ans.
90.3 in./in. ......................... Ans.

418 in./in. ........................... Ans.
5-102
h
h
850 9.81 6
50, 031.00 N/m 2
50, 031.00 10
pr
80 106 N/m 2
t
t
t 0.00625 m 6.25 mm ............................................................................................ Ans.
5-103
(a)
h
a
(b)
3120 psf
21.6667 psi
0 ksi (not including the weight of the tank) ..................................................... Ans.

pr
t
h
62.4 50
21.6667 6 12 0.5
0.5
62.4 25
1560 psf
3098 psi
3.10 ksi ......................................... Ans.
10.8333 psi
0 ksi (not including the weight of the tank) ..................................................... Ans.

pr
t
10.8333 6 12 0.5
0.5
1549 psi 1.549 ksi ........................................ Ans.
5-104*
x
(a)
2800 103 600
pr
t
20
84.00 106 N/m 2
2800 103 600
pr
2t
84.00 MPa
2 20
42.00 106 N/m 2

xy
42.00 MPa
0 MPa
tan
cos 2
sin 2
84 cos 2 126.870
n
3
4
90
36.870
sin cos
xy
42sin 2 126.870
57.1 MPa (T) ................................................................................................................ Ans.
nt
sin cos
cos 2
xy
sin 2
84 42 sin 126.870 cos 126.870

nt
(b)
200
2 76
2 1
42 0.31579 84
E
h
max
max
200 10
200 10
min
2
h
min
106
min
84.00 0
2
84.00 MPa
max
max
106
84.00 MPa
max
1 0.31579
84 0.31579 42
max
(d)
20.2 MPa .................................................................................................................... Ans.
(c)
126.870
2.800
2
354 10
77.4 m/m ................. Ans.
354 m/m ................... Ans.
0 MPa
42.0 MPa ...................................................... Ans.

min
84.00
77.4 10
2.800 MPa
43.4 MPa ....................................... Ans.
5-105*
E
(a)
2 1
E
1
30, 000
2 11, 600
1
23.490 ksi
1 0.29310
30, 000
619 0.29310 330 10 6
2
1 0.29310
23.5 ksi .................................................................................................. Ans.
2
(b)
30, 000
330 0.29310 619 10 6
2
1
1 0.29310
16.785 ksi 16.79 ksi ................................................................................................ Ans.
2
pr
2t
p 9.875
2 0.125
39.5 p ksi
pr
t
p 9.875
0.125
79.0 p ksi
cos 2
sin 2
39.5 p cos 2 30
xy
xy
0 ksi
sin cos
79.0 p sin 2 30
0 16.785 ksi
0.342 ksi 342 psi ....................................................................................................... Ans.
5-106
At point A:
Fy
pAp
0:
R2
p
h
rr
a
R r
2
h
R r t
pr 2 R r
............................................ Ans.
2t R r
p
t
ra
p
ra
t
rh
h
rh
p
t
ra
ra
R r
p 2R r
2t R r
R r
R r
pr
...................... Ans.
2t
At point B:
Fy
0:
h
rr
a
R r
R2
R r t
pr 2 R r
................................................................................................................... Ans.
2t R r
a
ra
p
ra
t
p
t
rh
h
rh
ra
p
R r
t
ra
p 2R r
2t R r
R r
R r
pr
..................................... Ans.
2t
5-107
sin
dV
2
r y
r2
x
Fy
r2
r 2
y3
3
y2
0:
r2
m
rm
7 r
18t
r 3
2
Am cos 30
r 3
cos 30
2
2 t
r3
24
r 2
30
y 2 dy
5
r 2
r 2
r
pAp
x2
2 xt cos 30
r3
24
r
2
r 3
2
0
2
7 r2
........................................................................................................................ Ans.
m
18t
p
t
rm rt r
rt
t
t
r
2t
r2
................................................................................ Ans.
9t
5-108
x
xy
n
nt
p 600
20
p 600
2 20
pr
t
pr
2t
30 p N/m 2
15 p N/m 2
0 N/m 2
x
cos 2
x
y
y
sin 2
sin cos
xy
xy
sin cos
cos 2
30 p cos 2
sin 2
53
15 p sin 2
30 p 15 p sin
53
53 cos
53
5-109
x
xy
n
n
nt
nt
pr
t
200 24
0.75
6400 psi
pr
2t
200 24
2 0.75
3200 psi
0 psi
x
cos 2
6400 cos 2
x
sin 2
90
sin cos
6400 3200 sin
xy
sin cos
3200sin 2
90
cos 2
sin 2
90 cos
90
xy
5-110*
x
pr
2t
x
pr
t
y
xy
P
A
2 106 500
40 103
2 20
1.0402 12
24.4 106 N/m 2
24.4 MPa ........................................................................... Ans.
2 106 500
20
50.0 106 N/m 2
50.0 MPa ............................................................................ Ans.
0 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-111
pr
2t
P
A
300 1.5 12
2 0.375
234 103 lb
P
18.75
18
18 103 psi
234 kip .......................................................................................... Ans.
5-112
x
2800 103 600
pr
t
20
84.00 106 N/m 2
pr
2t
P
A
84.00 MPa
2800 103 600
130 103
2 20
1.282 1.22
41.1657 106 N/m 2

xy
(a)
n
n
(b)
0 MPa
x
max
xy
3
4
90
36.870
xy
cos 2
max
84.00 MPa
min
2
h
84.00 0
2
min
2.800
2
20.6 MPa ......................... Ans.
0 MPa
42.0 MPa ...................................................... Ans.

min
84.00
56.6 MPa (T) ....................... Ans.
sin 2
min
84.00 MPa
max
max
126.870
sin cos
41.1657 sin 2 126.870
sin cos
max
max
(d)
sin 2
84 41.1657 sin 126.870 cos 126.870
nt
(c)
84 cos 2 126.870
nt
41.1657 MPa
tan
cos 2
2.800 MPa
43.4 MPa ....................................... Ans.
5-113*
x
pr
2t
P
A
p 20
2 0.4
10, 000
20.82 202
25 p 390.08564 psi
y
xy
pr
t
p 20
0.4
50 p
0 MPa
x
cos 2
tan
y
sin 2
xy
3
4
36.870
90
126.870
sin cos
25 p 390.08564 cos 2 126.870
50 p sin 2 126.870
41 p 140.43150 11, 000

p
265 psi ............................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-114*
pr
2t
axial
2500 500
2 20
P
A
811.421 103 N/m 2

pr
t
hoop
2 1
2500 500
20
axial
axial
hoop
hoop
hoop
hoop
811.421 kPa
62.500 103 N/m 2
62.500 kPa
1 0.31579
811, 421 0.31579 62,500

200 109
E
3.96 10
1.042 12
200
2 76
axial
50 103
3.96 m/m ........................................................................................ Ans.

axial
200 109
E
0.969 10
62,500 0.31579 811, 421
0.969 m/m .............................................................................. Ans.
5-115
x
Outside:
pr
2t
P
A
100 2 12
0.25
pr
t
max
max
max
max
48.52 482
4931.94 psi
9600.00 psi
min
9600 0
2
min
9600
100
2
0 psi
4800 psi ................................................................ Ans.
9600 psi
min
5000
9600 psi
min
max
max
100 2 12
2 0.25
100 psi
4850 psi ..................................................... Ans.
5-116
x
p 600
20
pr
t
pr
2t
p 600
2 20
P
A
30 p N/m 2
130 103
1.282 1.22
15 p 834, 280 N/m 2

xy
n
n
nt
nt
0 N/m 2
x
cos 2
30 p cos 2
x
30 p
sin 2
53
sin cos
xy
sin cos
15 p 834, 280 sin 2

xy
cos 2
15 p 834, 280 sin
53
N/m 2
sin 2
53 cos
53
N/m 2
5-117
x
xy
n
n
nt
nt
200 24
0.75
pr
t
pr
2t
6400 psi
200 24
2 0.75
P
A
30, 000
4 12 0.75
2934.74 psi
0 psi
x
cos 2
6400 cos 2
x
sin 2
90
sin cos
6400 2934.74 sin
xy
sin cos
2934.74sin 2
xy
cos 2
90 cos
90
sin 2
90
5-118*
(a)
(b)
(c)
2002 1252
1252 75
a 2 pi
b2
1
b2 a 2
b2
max
max
1252 75
a 2 pi
b2
1
b2 a 2
a2
min
2002 1252
2002
1252
171.2 MPa .................................. Ans.
2002
2002
96.2 MPa .................................... Ans.
171.2
75
2
123.1 MPa ........................... Ans.
5-119
b a
0.1a
b 1.1a
From thick-walled cylinder equations:

t
a2 p
b2
1
b2 a 2
a2
a2 p
1.1a
a2
1.1a
a2
10.524 p
From thin-walled cylinder equations:

h
Error
pr
pa
10 p
2t 0.1a
10.524 p 10 p
100
10.524 p
4.979 5% ................................................................. Ans.
5-120
max
at
a 2 pi
b2
1
b2 a 2
a2
pi
a
1002 pi
1502
1
1502 1002
1002
430 MPa
165.4 MPa .............................................................................................................. Ans.
5-121*
max
at
a 2 pi
b2
1
b2 a 2
a2
max
max
pi
min
22 pi
42
1
42 22
22
t
1.6667 pi
1.6667 pi
2
pi
24 ksi
2
2
18.00 ksi .................................................................................................................. Ans.
5-122
(a)
(b)
At
t
1502 1002
1502
1002
195.0 MPa ................................... Ans.
1502
1252
146.4 MPa
1502
1252
26.4 MPa
125 mm
1002 75
a 2 pi
b2
1
2
b2 a 2
1502 1002
1002 75
a 2 pi
b2
1
2
b2 a 2
max
max
1002 75
a 2 pi
b2
1
b2 a 2
a2
min
1502 1002
t
146.4
26.4
2
86.4 MPa ..................................... Ans.
5-123*
(a)
max
max
(b)
At
t
42 25
a 2 pi
b2
1
b2 a 2
a2
min
2
5.5 in.
7 2 42
a 2 pi
b2
1
2
b2 a 2
42 25
a 2 pi
b2
1
2
b2 a 2
42 25
7 2 42
7 2 42
72
42
49.242
2
49.242 ksi
25
37.1 ksi ..................................... Ans.
72
5.52
31.8 ksi ................................................. Ans.
72
5.52
7.51 ksi .............................................. Ans.
5-124*
t
a 2 pi b 2 po
b2 a 2
a 2b 2 pi
b
252 85 1252 30
1252 252
F
75
50
27.708
po
2
2
2
25
125
125
35,807
2
85 30
25
27.708
27.708
35,807
35,807
2
MPa
75
50
454 103 N/m
454 kN/m .......................................................................... Ans.
5-125
(a)
(b)
82 20
a 2 pi
b2
b2
1
1
36 ksi
t
82
b2 a 2
a2
b 2 82
b 14.967 in. 14.97 in. ............................................................................................. Ans.
30, 000
E 2 1
G
1 0.29310
2 11, 600
a
a 2 pi
1
b 2 a 2 Ea
a2
82 20
14.967
a
0.01162 in.
b2
1 0.29310 8
30, 000 8
Di
2 0.01162
1 0.29310 14.967
0.0223 in. .................... Ans.

5-126*
From Table B-18
P
A
100 103
A 640 10
From Table B-14
A
6
250 MPa
250 106
1.6
m2
640 mm 2
d min
51 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.

5-127*
From Table B-17
P
A
80
A
36 ksi
36
3
A 6.667 in.2
From Table B2, sections with A
The lightest section is
6.667 in.2 include W6 25, W8 24, W10 30, W12 30
W8 24 ....................................................................................................... Ans.
5-128
Fx
Fy
2000 9.81
0:
19, 620 N
TB cos 30
TB sin 30
0:
TA cos 50
TA sin 50
19, 620 0
TA 17, 253.54 N (T)

From Table B-18
17, 253.54
A
12,806.05
A
2
TB
250 106
1.75
250 106
1.75
d 4 120.771 mm 2
d min
12,806.05 N (T)
250 MPa
P
A
A 120.771 10
A 89.642 10
m2
m2
d 12.40 mm
13 mm ................................................................................................................... Ans.

5-129*
From Table B-17
AB
d AB
BC
d BC
P
A
20
2
d AB
4
50 ksi
50
1.5
0.874 in. d min AB

P
A
30
2
d BC
4
Ans.
50
1.5
1.070 in. d min BC
Ans.

5-130*
From Table B-18
AS
bS2 bC2
FC
FS
concrete
34 MPa
31 GPa
steel
250 MPa
200 GPa
Try
Then
1000 kN
P
A
bS
34 106
607,843.14 N
AC
1.4
25.0288 10
m2
m2
25.0288 10
bS2 bC2
FC
392,156.86
2.50288 10 3
bC
AS
10 AS
FS L
AS 200 109
607,843.14
AC
2.50288 10
AC
C
392,156.86 N
AS
bC2
AC
FC L
AC 31 109
FS
156.7 106 N/m 2

3
2.50288 10
25.0288 10
250 MPa (correct guess)
0.1582 m 158.2 mm ..................................................... Ans.

3
2.50288 10
0.1659 m 165.9 mm ...................... Ans.

5-131
From Table B-17
AB
BC
CD
wmin
53 ksi
P 20 53
A 1w 1.75
10
53
1w 1.75
50 53
1w 1.75
1.651 in.
w 0.66038 in.
w 0.33019 in.
w 1.65094 in.
Ans.
5-132
Fx
Fy
0:
N cos 30
0:
N
V cos 60
N sin 30
V sin 60
73.6122 kN
d
V
A
d min
8.24 10
42,500
2 d2 4
1.5
3
42.500 kN
1035 106
73, 612.2
2 d2 4
N
A
85 0
(There are two bolts)
m
620 106
1.5
8.09 10
8.24 mm ............................................................................................................... Ans.
5-133*
AB
P
A
20
2.50
60
BC
1.50
10
CD
total
PL
AE
4.07 ksi (C) .......................... Ans.
34.0 ksi (T) ................................... Ans.
12.73 ksi (T) ........................................ Ans.

20 15
2.50
4 30, 000
60 15
1.50
4 30, 000
10 15
1
4 30, 000
0.0213 in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-134*
P
A
P
0.050
P
A
total
P
0.032
B
200 106
P 392.7 103 N
500 106
402.1 103 N
P 1500
0.050
4 100 109
P 1000
0.032
4 190 109
5.60 mm
P 394.8 103 N
Pmax
393 kN .......................................................................................................... Ans.
5-135
Fx
Fy
Fx
0:
FBC cos 30
FBC sin 30
0:
TAB
1500 lb
FBC
2598.076 lb
0:
AC
AC
TAB cos 60
FBC cos 30
TAC
2250 lb
N
A
2.250
PL
AE
0.5
TAC
TAB sin 60
11.46 ksi .........................................Ans.
2.250 30
0.5
3000 0
4 30, 000
0.01146 in. .................................................... Ans.
5-136*
Fy
TBD
0:
MC
0:
900 50
150 kN (T)
FCE
100 kN (C)
150 103
1250 10
100 103
BD
CE
750 10
PL
AE
PL
AE
CE
BD
300
vA
300TBD
TBD
N
A
BD
CE
FCE 50 0
0
120.0 106 N/m 2
120.0 MPa (T) ................................. Ans.
133.3 106 N/m 2 133.3 MPa (C) ............................................. Ans.
150 103 600

1250 10
73 109
100 103 400

750 10
CE
200 109
0.98630 mm
0.26667 mm
900
a 3.49 mm
............................................................................................................. Ans.
5-137
MC
0:
5P 10TA 6 FB
10TA 6 FB
A
10 6
5P
(a)
0.009
TA 50
1.24 30, 000
If
10
6
TA
30 1.24
FB
84.00 kip
max
FB 15
4 15, 000
0.015 in.
0.015
(b)
37.20 kip
20 4
TA
35.9600 kip
20 ksi (wrong guess)
80.00 kip
35.9600
1.24
167.9 kip
P 175.2 kip
84.00
21 ksi
4
20 ksi , then
FB
Pmax
10
30 ksi , then
max
If
P 167.9 kip
29.00 ksi
230ksi (correct guess)
5-138
MF
0:
300 P 50 FD 100TC
FD
2TC
2
6P
(a)
0.09 mm
TC 300
6
625 10
TC
73 109
1.52083FD
FD 150
2500 10
12 109
2737.50 N
0.09
(b)
Guess that
TC
TC max
100 106 625 10

Then
FD
and
Since
39, 295.98 N
N
A
Pmax
62,500 N
P
39, 295.98
2500 10 6
15.72 MPa
max
27,383 N
15.72 106 N/m 2
15.72 MPa
30 MPa , the guess was correct and
27.4 kN ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-139*
Fy
TA TB 8 16 0
0:
MB
0:
8 8
4TA 2 16
TA
8.00 kip (T)
TB
16.00 kip (T)
4 tan
10
10, 600
16
15, 000
4 5 10, 000
0.00200 in.
0.00200
1.13067
2.12000
Guess that
B
Then
Since
(a)
19.0802 ksi
20 ksi
AA
B
(b)
15 ksi
B max
N
A
A max
8
19.0802 ksi
A
0.419 in.2
N
A
L
E
, the guess was correct and
AA min ........................................................................................................ Ans.
16
15 ksi
A
19.0802 10
10, 600
15 16
15, 000
AB
1.067 in.2
AB min ............................................... Ans.
0.01800 in. ........................................................................ Ans.
0.01600 in. .............................................................................................. Ans.
5-140
TB
TS
(a)
0
TB 800
0.090
4 100 10
17.6 10
70 800
TS 480
0.050
TB
N
A
TS
11.9 10
70 480
(b)
558, 683 kN (both T)

558, 683
0.090
558, 683
S
4 200 10
1.101724 106 N
0.97200TS
TB
0.050
87.8 106 N/m 2
285 106 N/m 2
87.8 MPa (T) .................................... Ans.
285 MPa (T) ............................................... Ans.
5-141
sin
CD
45
cos
CD
35
sin
AD
12 13
cos
AD
5 13
AAD
ABD
ACD
12 13 TAD TBD
12 13
AD
12 13
4 5 TCD
BD
AD
50 25
650 kN
45
45
BD
BD
sin
AD
12 13
CD
BD
sin
CD
45
1250 10
CD
650 kN
520 106 N/m 2
CD
AD
1250 mm 2
520 MPa
(a)
(b)
BD
(c)
BD
Assume all bars elastic:
L
180
AD
12
13
L
A 200
4
5
CD
L
40
BD
L
A 40
BD
AD
4.15385
BD
(b)
CD
4.00000
BD
(c)
AD
268.8468 MPa
400 MPa (elastic)
BD
64.7223 MPa 100 MPa (elastic)
CD
258.8893 MPa
240 MPa (plastic)
Therefore
(a)
CD
240 MPa (T) .................................................................................................... Ans.
and from Eqs. (a) and (b)
(b)
BD
67.8482 MPa (T)
AD
282 MPa (T) .............................................................................................................. Ans.
vD
BD
L
E
67.8 MPa (T) ....................................................................... Ans.
67.8482 106
40 109
4000
6.78 mm
............................................ Ans.
5-142*
MF
0:
300 100
FD
600 10
1500 106 N/m 2
0.09 mm
600 kN
2000 10
2TC
50 FD 100TC
6
600 kN
1500 MPa
(a)
(b)
Assume both bars elastic. Then

C
300
200 10
150
100 109
120 106 N/m 2
0.09
327.273 MPa
240 MPa (plastic)
103.636 MPa
410 MPa (elastic)
120 MPa
(b)
Therefore
(a)
240.0 MPa .......................................................................................................... Ans.
and from Eq. (a)

(b)
vA
156.0 MPa .............................................................................................. Ans.

0.09
156.0 106 150

100 109
0.09
1.944 mm
.................. Ans.
5-143*
1
tan
p
W
Fy
4
8
26.565
62.4 8
r 2h
3
0 : pAp W
499.20
rm
t
62.4
rt
prt
t
p
t
3.46667 psi
8364.176 lb
3
A cos 26.565
8364.176
496.109 psi
m
m
499.20 psf
48 1 8 cos 26.565
496 psi (T) .......................................Ans.

rm
rt
r cos
3.46667 53.6656
18
53.6656 in.
1488 psi (T) ........................................................... Ans.
5-144
a
pr
2t
a
a
(a)
pr
2tE
(c)
3.030303 106 N/m 2
3.03 MPa ........................................................................................ Ans.

150.0 MPa ......................................................... Ans.
pr
t
3.030303 1000 10
10
300.0 MPa ......................................................... Ans.
3.030303 MPa
min
300
3.030303
2
2
h
20 200 109
3.030303 1000 10
2 10
max
xy
pr
2t
max
(d)
1000 10 1 0.6
p 3.030303 MPa
(b)
pr
tE
300 10
2tE
r 1 2
a
pr
t
300 106
0.3 150 106
200 10
151.5 MPa ............................................ Ans.

1275 10
1275 m/m .................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-145
t
a 2 pi
b2
1
b2 a 2
a2
pi
1.52 pi
3.52
1
3.52 1.52
1.52
50 ksi
34.5 ksi .................................................................................................................... Ans.
5-146*
(a)
(b)
1002 125
a 2 pi
b2
1
b2 a 2
a2
2252 1002
a 2 pi
1
b 2 a 2 Ea
a2
1002 125
a
225
100
210, 000 100
2252
1002
186.5 MPa .................................. Ans.
b2
1 0.30 100
1 0.30 225
0.106685 mm
Di
2 0.106685
0.213 mm ........................................................................... Ans.
6-1*
(a) Free-body diagrams for parts of the shaft to the left of sections
in the intervals AB, BC, CD, and DE of the shaft are shown.
From the free-body diagrams:
0:
TAB 80 0
TAB
0:
TBC 80 100 0
TBC
0:
0:
20 kip ft .................................................Ans.
TDE 80 100 40 25 0
TDE
(b)
20 kip ft .................................................Ans.
TCD 80 100 40 0
TCD
M
80 kip ft .................................................Ans.
45 kip ft .................................................Ans.
A torque diagram for the shaft is shown below the

free-body diagrams.
6-2*
Free-body diagrams for parts of the shaft to the left of sections
0:
TAB 30 0
TAB
(b)
0:
TBC 30 40 0
TBC
0:
0:
5 kN m ...................................................Ans.
TDE 30 40 15 5 0
TDE
(a)
10 kN m ................................................Ans.
TCD 30 40 15 0
TCD
M
30 kN m Tmax .....................................Ans.
10 kN m ................................................Ans.

free-body diagrams.
6-3
0:
TAB 10 0
TAB
10 kip ft .................................................Ans.
0:
TBC 10 15 0
TBC
25 kip ft Tmax .....................................Ans.
0:
TCD 10 15 30 0
TCD
0:
5 kip ft ...................................................Ans.
TDE 10 15 30 15 0
TDE
20 kip ft .................................................Ans.

free-body diagrams.
(b)
Tmax
TBC
25 kip ft ............................................Ans.
6-4*
in the intervals AB, BC, and CD of the shaft are shown.
0:
TAB 500 0
TAB
0:
TBC 500 100 0

TBC
0:
400 N m ................................................Ans.
TCD 500 100 150 0
TCD
(b)
500 N m ................................................Ans.
250 N m ................................................Ans.

free-body diagrams.
6-5
d 4 32
(a)
Tc
J
(b)
TL
JG
18 1
1.5708
32 1.57080 in.4
11.46 ksi ........................................................................................... Ans.
18 6 12
1.5708 12, 000
0.0688 rad ..................................................................... Ans.
6-6
J
(a)
(b)
Tc
J
1204 804 32 16.33628 106 mm 4
28, 000 0.060
16.33628 10
TL
JG
A
J
TL
JG
68.6 106 N/m 2
28, 000 2
6
16.33628 10
1202 802
r4 2
102.8 106 N/m 2
16.33628 10
28, 000 0.040
(c)
(d)
d 4 32
r2
44.72136
80 109
68.6 MPa .............................................. Ans.
0.0429 rad ................................................... Ans.

r
44.72136 mm
2 6.28319 106 mm 4
28, 000 2
6.28319 10
102.8 MPa ................................ Ans.
80 109
0.1114 rad ..................................................... Ans.
6-7*
2.2 12 d 2
Tc
J
d 4 32
TL
JG
d min
14.5 ksi
2.2 12 6.5 12
4
d 32 4000
5
rad
180
2.10 in.
2.78 in.
2.78 in. ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
6-8
(a)
J AB
d 4 32
80
32
J AC
d 4 32
65
32 1.75248 106 mm 4
AB
AC
(b)
(c)
B/ A
C/A
C/B
Tc
J
Tc
J
TL
JG
TL
JG
C/A
6000 0.040
4.02124 10
4000 0.0325
1.75248 10
4.02124 106 mm 4
59.7 106 N/m 2
59.7 MPa ................................... Ans.
74.2 106 N/m 2
74.2 MPa ................................... Ans.
6000 2.25
4.02124 10
AB
80 109
4000 1.60
AC
B/ A
1.75248 10
80 109
0.04197 rad
0.0420 rad ........... Ans.
0.04565 rad
0.04565 0.04197 0.00368 rad ............................................... Ans.
6-10*
(a)
d 4 32
Tmax
14 kN m
max
max
(b)
D/B
(c)
E/ A
Tc
J
100
32 9.81748 106 mm 4
14, 000 0.050

9.81748 10
71.3 106 N/m 2
71.3 MPa .................................................Ans.

TL
JG
7000 1.50
9.81748 10
8000 1.50
6
80 109
8000 7000 8000 14, 000 1.50

9.81748 10
80 109
0.001910 rad ............................. Ans.

0.0439 rad .................................... Ans.
6-11
(a)
d 4 32
Tmax
TBC
11 kip ft
Tc
J
11 12 2
23.56194
max
(b)
D/B
D/B
(c)
D/ A
TL
JG
44 24
32 23.56194 in.4
11.20 ksi ......................... Ans.
11 12 5 12
10 12 4 12
23.56194 12, 000
0.00764 rad ............................................................................................................. Ans.

9 12 3 12
23.56194 12, 000
0.00764
0.00611 rad .......................................... Ans.

6-12*
(a)
Tmax
max
d
(b)
TAB
5.5 kN m
Tc
J
5500 d 2
0.0654 m
d 32
D/ A
100 106 N/m 2
65.4 mm .......................................... Ans.
5500 2
D/ A
2500 2
0.075
1000 2
32 80 109
0.0724 rad .................................................................................................................. Ans.
6-13
Tc
J
TL
JG
T 0.875
1.75
32
T 3 12
2.5
8 ksi
32 4000
T 4 12
1.75
32 4000
T
Tmax
8.42 kip in.

0.04 rad
2.60 kip in.
2.60 kip in. .................................................................................................. Ans.
6-14
J AB
(a)
J BC
160
J CD
100
J DE
50
(b)
(c)
E/ A
32 64.33982 106 mm 4
32 9.81749 106 mm 4
32 0.61359 106 mm 4
25, 000 0.050
Tc
J
9.81749 10
127.3 106 N/m 2
127.3 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.

TL
JG
40, 000 1
75, 000 1
64.33982 10
40, 000 1
64.33982 10
80 109
0.0223 rad ................................................. Ans.
75, 000 1.5

6
80 10
25, 000 2
9.81748 10
80 109
5000 0.5
0.61359 10
E/ A
80 109
0.0850 rad
0.0850 rad ............................................................................................................... Ans.
6-15*
TAB
(a)
Tmax
CD
TCD
Tc
J
T 0.75
Tc
J
2T 1
1.5
2
32
32
2T
15 ksi
15 ksi
9.94020 kip in.
11.78 kip in.
9.94 kip in. ................................................................................................................. Ans.

TL
JG
2 9.94020 3 12
2 0.03797
32 12, 000
0.03797 rad
9.94020 4 12
1.5
32 12, 000
0.1559 rad .......................................... Ans.
6-16
Tc J
(a)
J
J
2000 0.040 J
1.600 10
J
J
m4
804 di4
1.600 106 mm 4
1.600 106 mm 4
32
2000 3.5
TL
JG
(b)
50 106 N/m 2
0.050
1.66272 10
804 di4
32
m4
32 80 109
di
70.5 mm .................................... Ans.
2000 2.5
J 28 109
0.25 rad
1.66272 106 mm 4
1.66272 106 mm 4
di
70.0 mm .................................... Ans.
6-17*
Tc
J
(a)
(b)
TCD
12, 000 psi
d AB
0.535 in. .................................. Ans.
12, 000 psi
dCD
0.394 in. ................................. Ans.
d 4 32
2 5 30
Tc
J
(c)
30 12 d 2
12 lb ft
12 12 d 2
d 4 32
12 12 L
0.394
32 3.8 106
0.5 rad
L 31.2 in. ............................. Ans.
6-18*
(a)
(b)
max
TC
Tc
J
45, 000 0.075

4
0.075
150 450 45
15 kN m
8000 0.040
max
max
(c)
CE
0.040
67.9 106 N/m 2
TD
67.9 MPa ................................. Ans.

15 8 7 kN m
79.6 106 N/m 2
79.6 MPa .................................................................. Ans.

TL
JG
8000 2.5
0.040
7000 1.5
4
2 80 109
0.0295 rad ..................................................................... Ans.
6-19
(a)
Tc
J
AB
D1
D2
TL
JG
D
18 ksi
2.30 in. .................................................................. Ans.

8.8 12 D2 2
D24 32
BC
(b)
3.6 12 D1 2
D14 32
18 ksi
3.10 in. .................................................................................................................... Ans.

3.6 12 5 12
4
8.8 12 4 12
D 32 11, 600
0.15 rad
2.59 in. ..................................................................................................................... Ans.

6-20*
With the left end of the shaft at x
and the right end of the shaft at x
0
L
r mx
4
J
d
r mx
T dx
JG
T dx
r mx
L
0
2T
3 Gmr 3
2T dx
4
2T dx
G r mx
r mL
2T
G
r mL
G r mx
2 G
r
3
L
0
dx
r mx
2T
1
G 3m r mx
L
3
0
........................................................................................... Ans.

6-21
qx
d
0
L
T dx
JG
d
L
0
2qx dx
Gc 4
2q
Gc 4
L
0
x dx
qx dx
4
c 2 G
2qx dx
Gc 4
qL2
................................................................ Ans.
Gc 4

6-22
L
2L
rx L
J
d
2
T dx
JG
d
R4
r 4 x4
2 L4
R 4 L4
2TL4
dx
4 4
G r x R 4 L4
2TL4
G
2L
L
dx
r x R 4 L4
4
TL
2r R
ln
3
2 GR r
r R
r R
2r R
2 tan
2r
R
2 tan
r
R
.......................... Ans.

6-23*
L
2L
rx L
J
d
T dx
JG
TL3
dx
3
2 r tG x 3
rx
L
2 r 3tx 3
L3
t
d
TL3
2 r 3tG
2L
L
dx
x3
3TL
....... Ans.
16Gt r 3

6-24
0
L
qx 2
2L
d
d
q
GLc 4
L
0
x dx
T dx
JG
qx 2 2 L dx
c4 2 G
qx 2 dx
GLc 4
qL2
................................................................................ Ans.
3 Gc 4
6-25
ro2 ri 2
ro4 ri 4
TL
JG
(a)
(b)
Tc
J
3 in.2
ri 2
ro4 2
ro2
3 12 3 12
2
o
3r
4.5
3 12 ro
2
o
3r
4.5
11, 000
ro2
2
2 3ro2
4.5
0.246758
rad
2 ro2 3
75.3982ro
2 ro 3
ksi
6-26
ro4 ri 4
50
TL
JG
Tc
J
ro4 1
2
ri ro
ri ro
9.81748 106 1
ri ro
7500 2
9.81748 10
ri ro
9.81748 10
40 10
38.1972 106
ri ro
mm 4
0.0381972
4
7500 0.050
6
ri ro
ri ro
rad
N/m 2
6-27
ri
J
(c)
ro4 ri 4
TL
JG
(a)
(b)
ro 0.25 in.
Tc
J
ro4 2
ro 0.25
2 in.4
3 12 3 12
4
o
r 2
ro 0.25
0.0750054
2 11, 000
3 12 ro
4
o
r 2
ro 0.25
4
o
ro 0.25
22.91831ro
4
4
o
ro 0.25
As the outside radius increases, the shear stress decreases. Between ro

decrease in shear stress is very dramatic. Between ro
1.5 in. and ro
rad
ksi
0.5 in. and ro 1.5 in. the
2.0 in. the decrease in shear stress
is much less dramatic. And beyond ro
2.0 in. the decrease in shear stress is very slight. Therefore, a

reasonable maximum value for the outside radius would be around ro 1.5 in.
6-28
D/ A
(a)
T 1.5 LAB
J BC G
TLAB
J AB G
J BC
d 4 32
J CD
75
For d
J AB
100
T 0.75
J CD G
TAB
TBC
GAB
GBC
TCD
GCD
2500 N m
G
28 109 N/m 2
32 9.81748 106 mm 4
32 3.10631 106 mm 4
75 mm
1004 754
32
6.71117 106 mm 4
D/ A
(b)
For d
J AB
4.20948LAB
28.0135 10
rad
rad
90 mm
1004 904
32
3.37623 106 mm 4
D/ A
17.3508LAB
28.0135 10
6-29*
(a)
max
(b)
max
(c)
TL
JG
Tc
J
15 1.5
Tc
J
15 1
1.5
1
2.83 ksi (T) .................................................................... Ans.

9.55 ksi (C) ........................................................................ Ans.
15 3 12
1.5
2 12, 000
15 4 12
1
2 12, 000
0.0439 rad ................. Ans.
6-30*
max
max
Tc J
75 MPa 80 MPa
Tmax 0.045
0.090
Tmax
0.050
32
75 106 N/m 2
9710 N m 9.71 kN m ......................................................................................... Ans.
6-31
x
n
n
nt
(b)
4.38797 ksi
1.54 1.354 32
cos 2
0 0 2
nt
55
1.00 0.75
Tc
J
xy
(a)
0 ksi
sin 2
xy
4.38797 sin
y
sin cos
4.38797 cos 2
55 cos
55
cos 2
sin 2
xy
55
sin cos
sin 2
55
4.12 ksi (T) ................................ Ans.
1.501 ksi ................................ Ans.
max T
xy
4.39 ksi (T) ................................................................................................... Ans.
max C
xy
4.39 ksi (C) ................................................................................................... Ans.
6-32
J 60
1204 604 32 19.08517 106 mm 4
J100
1204 1004 32 10.54004 106 mm 4
(a)
max
(b)
max
(c)
60
Tc
J
7500 0.060
19.08517 10
7500 0.060
100
10.54004 10
TL
JG
TL
JG
23.6 106 N/m 2
42.7 106 N/m 2

7500 2
19.08517 10
80 109
7500 2
10.54004 10
80 109
23.6 MPa ........................... Ans.
42.7 MPa ............................................ Ans.
0.00982 rad ........................................... Ans.

0.01779 rad .......................................... Ans.
6-33*
(a)
TBC
(b)
TCD
(c)
max
max
max
max
4 12 1500
500 lb ft ........................................................................................ Ans.
500 250 250 lb ft ............................................................................................... Ans.

motor
motor
power
power
Tc
J
max
1500 12 1
1
motor
11.46 ksi (T&C) ........................................................... Ans.
500 12 0.625
1.25
max
power
11, 459 psi 11.46 ksi
32
15, 646 psi 15.65 ksi
15.65 ksi (T&C) ......................................................... Ans.
6-34*
AB
Tc
J
4T
0.080
0.080
150 106 N/m 2
30.2 103 N m
T
AB
AB
BC
BC
150 106 N/m 2

T 0.050
0.050
4T
0.080
T 1.5
2 45 10
T
Tmax
75 106 N/m 2 125 106 N/m 2

14.73 103 N m
T
TL
JG
260 106 N/m 2
0.050
2 76 10
2.5
rad
180
9140 N m
9.14 kN m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
6-35
0:
9 Q 21 10 0
20 kip ft
Q
Tmax
(a)
BC
TBC
11 kip ft
Tc
J
11 12 2
max
(b)
BC
BC
Tc
J
max
(c)
BC
TL
JG
24 14
11.20 ksi
11.20 ksi (C) ......................................... Ans.

11 12 1
24 14
5.60 ksi
5.60 ksi (C) ........................................... Ans.

9 3 11 5 10 4 12 12
24 14
2 12, 000
0.00611 rad ......................................... Ans.
6-36
d 4 32
J
(a)
Tc
J
AB
20
2 0.251327 106 mm 4
600 0.020
0.251327 10
120 0.020
BC
0.251327 10
9.55 106 N/m 2
9.55 MPa ................................................... Ans.
BC
840 0.020
CD
0.251327 10
120 0.020
DE
(c)
47.7 106 N/m 2
47.7 MPa ..................................................Ans.
AB
(b)
0.251327 10
max T
TL
JG
max C
max T
66.8 106 N/m 2
66.8 MPa ........................................... Ans.
9.55 106 N/m 2
9.55 MPa ........................................... Ans.
66.8 MPa (T&C) ...................................................................... Ans.
600 120 840 120 1.5

0.251327 10
76 109
0.1319 rad ................................................. Ans.
6-37
0.172
rad
6
TL
JG
(a)
T1 9
T1 12 24
1
T1
(b)
BC
BC
(c)
2 12, 000
2.66776 kip ft
Tc
J
BC
CD
20.4 ksi
20.4 ksi (T) ..................................................Ans.

2.66776 9
CD
2 12, 000
0.172
rad
6
32.0 kip in. ................................Ans.
2.66776 12 1
1
12 48
12 2
2
6.05 ksi (C) ................................................... Ans.
6-38*
Power
2 NT
60
12.73240 103 N m
Tc
J
12, 732.40 d 2
d 4 32
180 T
60
240 103 N m/s
80 106 N/m 2
0.0932 m 93.2 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
6-39
T 20 12
TL
JG
32 12, 000
0.06 rad
75.39822 kip in. 6.28319 kip ft
Power
2 NT
60
270 6283.19
60 550
323 hp .............................................. Ans.
6-40*
T 0.050
Tc
J
(a)
Power
0.050
T
Power
(b)
TL
JG
0.030
80 106 N/m 2
13, 672.211 N m
2 NT 2 200 13, 672.211

286 103 N m/s
60
60
286 kW ........................................................................................................... Ans.
13, 672.211 3
0.0504 0.0304
2 80 109
0.0600 rad ...................................... Ans.
6-41*
Power
T
(a)
Tc
J
(b)
TL
JG
2 NT 60
1.750704 106 lb ft
60 T 60
21.00845 106 lb in.
21.00845 103 15
15
3.96 ksi ...................................................................... Ans.
21.00845 103 20 12
15
20, 000 550 lb ft/s
2 12, 000
0.00528 rad .................................................... Ans.
6-42
Power
(a)
d min
4774.648 1.5
d 4 32 80 109
70 106 N/m 2
0.045 rad
4774.648 N m
0.0703 m
0.0671 m
70.3 mm ............................................................................................................... Ans.
T 0.075 2
0.075
Power
400 T 60 200 103 N m/s
4774.648 d 2
d 4 32
Tc
J
TL
JG
(b)
32
50 106 N/m 2
2 N 4141.748
60
200 103 N m/s
4141.748 N m
461 rpm ...................... Ans.
6-43
Power
T
2 NT 60
Tc
J
(b)
223.90588 lb ft
2686.8705 d 2
d 4 32
(a)
(c)
32
Wh Ws
100
Ws
162 550 lb ft/s
2686.8705 lb in.
5000 psi
2686.8705 1.5
J
34 di4
3800 T 60
1.39878 in. 1.399 in. ...................... Ans.
5000 psi
0.80606 in.4
2.92090 in. 2.92 in. ....................... Ans.
di
32 2.920902
1.39878
0.80606 in.4
1.39878
2
(100)
76.1
%reduction 76.1% .............................................................................................. Ans.
6-44
Power
T
Tc
J
TL
JG
d min
2 NT 2
60
6366.1977 N m
1800 T
60
6366.1977 d 2
d
0.75d
32
1200 103 N m/s
100 106 N/m 2
6366.1977 3
d
0.75d
32 80 10
0.20 rad
0.0780 m
0.0844 m
84.4 mm ............................................................................................................... Ans.
6-45*
Motor shaft:
2 NT 2 1800 T
60
60
1021.24422 lb ft 12, 254.93 lb in.
Power
Tc
J
TL
JG
12.25493 d 2
d 4 32
12.25493 10 12
d 4 32 12, 000
d min motor
Power shaft:
15 ksi
0.10 rad
2 NT 2 200 T
60
60
9191.19796 lb ft 110, 294.4 lb in.
TL
JG
110.2994 d 2
d 4 32
15 ksi
110.2994 10 12
d 4 32 12, 000
d min power
1.61 in.
1.880 in.
1.880 in. ............................................................................................... Ans.
Power T
Tc
J
350 550 lb ft/s
0.10 rad
350 550 lb ft/s
3.35 in.
3.26 in.
3.35 in. ................................................................................................. Ans.
6-46*
Power
(a)
250 TAB 60 200 103 N m/s
TAB
7639.4373 N m
250 TBC 60 75 103 N m/s
TBC
2864.7890 N m
Tc
J
Tc
J
d2
(c)
2 NT 60
d1
(b)
TL
JG
7639.4373 d 2
d 4 32
75 106 N/m 2
0.0804 m
80.4 mm ................................................................................................................... Ans.

2864.7890 d 2
d 4 32
75 106 N/m 2
0.0579 m
57.9 mm .................................................................................................................. Ans.

7639.4373 1
0.075
2864.7890 2
32 80 109
0.0538 rad ...................................... Ans.
6-47
(a)
T1
Tc
J
(b)
360 T1
60
2 NT 2
60
1458.92031 lb ft 17,507.0 lb in.
Power T
Motor shaft:
17.5070 d1 2
d14 32
N power
Power shaft:
Power T
T2
2 NT
60
243.15339 lb ft
2.91784 d 2 2
d 24 32
d1 1.951 in. ........................................ Ans.
12 ksi
96 16 N motor
2160 T
60
6 360
2160 rpm
100 550 lb ft/s
2917.84 lb in.
12 ksi
100 550 lb ft/s
T1 6
d 2 1.074 in. ........................................ Ans.
6-48
(a)
ND
Shaft D:
Power T
48 24 N E
2 400
800 rpm
800 TD
60
40 103 N m/s
2 NT
60
477.4648 d D 2
d D4 32
(b)
70 106 N/m 2
2 NT
60
4297.1835 N m
Power T
Shaft E:
TE
4297.1835 d E 2
d E4 32
(c)
Shaft F:
NF
Power T
dD
400 TD
60
70 106 N/m 2
dE
180 103 N m/s
0.0679 m
2 400
800 rpm
800 TE
60
80 103 N m/s
954.9297 d E 2
d E4 32
70 106 N/m 2
dE
477.4648 N m
0.0326 m 32.6 mm ........... Ans.
48 24 N E
2 NT
60
TD
0.0411 m
67.9 mm ............ Ans.
TE
954.9297 N m
41.1 mm ............. Ans.

6-49*
Equilibrium:
Torque diagram
Deformations:
AB
BC
TL JG
3.5 12 TA 3
TA 2
JG
JG
TA 25.200 kip in. TAB
TBC
(a)
(b)
max
3.5 12
TAB c
J
AB
TL
JG
TA 16.800 kip in.
25.200 1
2
32
16.04 ksi ................... Ans.
25.200 2 12
2
32 12, 000
0.0321 rad ................................................. Ans.
6-50*
d 4 32
JS
1254 1004
32 14.15097 106 mm 4
1754 1254 32 68.10875 106 mm 4
JM
TS TM
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
10 kN m
(a)
TL JG
TS L
14.15097 10 6 80 109
TM
TS
(a)
3.91057TS
(b)
2.03642 kN m
Tc
J
TM
2036.42 0.0625
14.15097 10
7963.58 0.0875
M
(b)
TM L
68.10875 10 6 65 109
68.10875 10
S
TL
JG
7.96358 kN m
8.99 106 N/m 2
10.23 106 N/m 2
2036.42 2
14.15097 10
80 109
8.99 MPa ................................ Ans.
10.23 MPa ..................................... Ans.

0.00360 rad ........................................ Ans.
6-51
(b)
T 1.5
Tc
J
(a)
15 ksi
32
TL JG
TS L
3
Guess that
TS
3.5
Tmax
32
79.52156 kip in.

3.54 34 32
TA TS
TS
34 32 4000
TS 1.5
Tc
J
23.37998 1.75
and
Therefore
TA L
32 11, 600
S
Then
79.5 kip in. ..................................................... Ans.
max
3.40127TA
15 ksi
TA
6.03 ksi 12 ksi
23.37998 kip in.

max
(correct guess)
102.9 kip in. ...................................................................................... Ans.
6-52*
JB
d 4 32
JA
60
804 604
32 1.272345 106 mm 4
TB L
2.74889 10 6 45 109
TB
(a)
TB
Tc
J
(b)
TA L
1.272345 10 6 28 109
3.47222TA
TB 0.040
2.74889 10
150 106 N/m 2
10,308.35 N m
Tmax
Tc
J
32 2.74889 106 mm 4
TA
2968.807 N m
TB TA 13.28 kN m ...................................................................................... Ans.

2968.807 0.030
1.272345 10
70.0 106 N/m 2
70.0 MPa ............................... Ans.

6-53
Equilibrium:
Torque diagram
Deformations:
AB
T
Guess that
TL JG
T TA 8 12
J 6500
Tc
J
T TA
TA
T TA 1.5
3
Tmax
max
32
6 ksi
31.80863 kip in.
90.82586 kip in.

90.82586 1.5
and
1.35022TA
B
Then
BC
TA 5 12
J 11, 600
Therefore
32
1.35022 90.82586
TS
17.13 ksi 18 ksi
max
(correct guess)
122.6 kip in. .............................................................. Ans.
6-54*
d 4 32
JB
40
32 0.251327 106 mm 4
JS
804 404 32 3.76991 106 mm 4
JA
1004 804 32 5.79624 106 mm 4

T
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
TA TS TB
A
(a)
TL JG
TS L
3.76991 10 6 80 109
TA L
5.79624 10 6 28 109
(a)
TA 16.5577TB
(b)
TS
(c)
30.7693TB
16.5577TB 30.7693TB TB
15 kN m
TB
TA
0.31039 kN m
Tc
J
310.39 0.020
0.251327 10
5139.28 0.050
A
5.79624 10
9550.34 0.040
S
(b)
TB L
0.251327 10 6 39 109
3.76991 10
5.13928 kN m
24.7 106 N/m 2
24.7 MPa .................................. Ans.
44.3 MPa ............................................ Ans.
101.3 106 N/m 2
101.3 MPa ........................................ Ans.
10 kN m
TB
TA
0.206924 kN m
TL
JG
9.55034 kN m
44.3 106 N/m 2
16.5577TB 30.7693TB TB
TS
3.42618 kN m
206.924 3
0.251327 10
39 109
TS
6.36690 kN m
0.0633 rad .......................................... Ans.

6-55*
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
TS TP
AB , P
AB , S
TS
TP
TS 12
2.254 24 32 12, 000
48.1445TP
(b)
20.3482 lb in.
TS
20.3482 12
2
%error
979.6518 lb in.
1000 4
32 150 103
1000 4
(b)
(a)
TL JG
32 150
TL
JG
(c)
1000 lb in.
TP 12
(a)
32 150 103
0.01801 rad .......................................... Ans.
0.01698 rad .................................................................... Ans.
0.01801 0.01698
100
0.01801
5.75% ................................................................. Ans.
6-56
JS
1004 504
JM
1254 1024 32 13.34170 106 mm 4
32 9.20388 106 mm 4
TL JG
TS L
9.20388 10 6 80 109
Guess that
TS
Then
Tc
J
TM L
13.34170 10 6 65 109
TS 0.05
9.20388 10
TM
15,176.2 0.0625
13.34170 10
85 MPa
(a)
(b)
Tmax
TS TM
S
TL
JG
max
15,176.2 N m
71.1 106 N/m 2
(correct guess)
12.885 15.176 28.061 kN m

12,885.4 2.5
9.20388 10
0.84906TM
70 106 N/m 2
12,885.4 N m
and
max
TS
80 109
28.1 kN m .............................. Ans.
0.0437 rad ............................................ Ans.

6-57*
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
TS TA 1.5TA
A
TA L
2
JS
32 4000
d 4 24
TS
0.5TA
JS
0.26180 in.4
TL JG
0.5TA L
J S 12, 000
0.26180 in.4
d 2.07858 in. 2 1 t
32
0.0393 in. .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
6-58
TB
TS
JB
TB L
45 109
JB
TL JG
TS L
J S 80 109
1004 d 4
32
1.77778
JB
d4
32
1.77778 J S
1.77778 J S
77.5 mm .......................................................................................................................... Ans.

6-59
Equilibrium:
Torque diagram
Deformations:
AB
BC
AB
204.255 kip in.

25 12
Tc
J
TA
204.255 2
4
(b)
32
44 24 32
AB
TL
JG
TAB
95.7447 kip in.
95.7447 2
BC
TA 10 12
44 24 32 G
32 G
TA
TBC
TL JG
25 12
TA 5 12
(a)
16.25 ksi
8.13 ksi
204.255 5 12
4
32 12, 000
max
AB
16.25 ksi ............................ Ans.
0.0406 rad ................................................ Ans.
6-60*
JB
d 4 32
JM
60
Equilibrium:
75
32 3.10631 106 mm 4
32 1.272345 106 mm 4
Torque diagram
Deformations:
AB
BC
TL JG
15, 000 TA 0.450
TA 0.300
3.10631 10
39 109
1.272345 10
TA 10,308.49 N m
(a)
AB
Tc
J
10,308.49 0.0375
3.10631 10
4691.51 0.030
BC
(b)
(c)
1.272345 10
AB
max T
TAB
TL
JG
max C
TBC
110.6 106 N/m 2
3.10631 10
65 109
15, 000 TA
4691.51 N m
124.4 106 N/m 2 124.4 MPa ...................... Ans.
10,308.49 0.300
AB
39 109
110.6 MPa ...................................... Ans.

0.0255 rad ........................................ Ans.
124.4 MPa ..................................................................................... Ans.
6-61
d 4 32
32 127.2345 in 4
T 6 12
127.2345 12, 000
TL
GJ
(a)
0.0018 rad
38.17035 kip in. 3.18 kip ft ...............................................Ans.

Tb 9 12
127.2345 12, 000
TL
GJ
(b)
Tb
0.0018 rad
25.44690 kip in.

25.44690 3
127.2345
Tc
J
0.600 ksi
600 psi ..................................................................... Ans.

(c)
Equilibrium:
Torque diagram
Deformations:
Then
AB
TA
Therefore
BC
Tc
J
TA 3
127.2345
424.1150 kip in.
T TA
and
BC
TA 3 12
127.2345 12, 000
0.0018
Guess that
AB
TL JG
T TA 6 12
127.2345 12, 000
max
10 ksi
TAB
250.2279 kip in. TBC

250.2279 3
127.2345
5.90 ksi 10 ksi
max
(correct guess)
Tmax
250.2279 424.1150 674.3429 kip in.
Tmax
56.2 kip ft ........................................................................................................... Ans.
6-62*
0:
TA 4 0.075V
TA
0.300V
0.300
0.300 60 106 150 10

Equilibrium:
2700 N m
Torque diagram
Deformations:
AB
BC
CD
TL JG
2700 0.3
0.075
(a)
(b)
TCD
max
32 28 109
0.075
32 80 109
T
0.075
2700 0.3
4
32 80 109
15,814.3 N m 15.81 kN m .................................. Ans.

15,814.3 2700 13,114.3 N m
Tmax steel
max
2700 0.6
CD
TCD
Tc
J
13,114.3 N m
13,114.3 0.0375
0.075
32
158.3 106 N/m 2 158.3 MPa ........................... Ans.
6-63*
The torque of the shear force VC is TC
torque of the shear force VD is TD
Equilibrium:
VC 1
VD 1
VC and the
VD .
Torque diagrams
Deformations:
CD , h
TL JG
CD , s
1000 VC L
VC L
24 14 32 12 106
VC
Therefore
VD
and
VC
dC
VD
dD
32 12 106
62.500 lb
1000 VC
A
25, 000
1000 62.5 937.500 lb

dC2 4
62.500 lb
0.0564 in. ...................................................... Ans.

A
25, 000
d D2 4
937.500 lb
0.219 in. ........................................................ Ans.
6-64
d 4 32
JS
80
4.02124 106 mm 4
32
1204 804 32 16.33628 106 mm 4
JB
TS TB
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
AB , S
27 kN m
(a)
TL JG
AB , B
TS 1.5
4.02124 10
TB
TB
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
TB 1.5
86 10
16.33628 10
(b)
TS
9, 499.35 0.040
4.02124 10
17,500.65 0.060
16.33628 10
max
max
TL
JG
39 109
1.84230TS
17.50065 kN m
Tc
J
94.5 106 N/m 2
64.3 106 N/m 2
9.49935 kN m
94.5 MPa ................................ Ans.
64.3 MPa ......................................... Ans.
64.3 MPa (C) ................................................................................................ Ans.

9, 499.35 1.5
4.02124 10
9000 1
6
86 109
0.01518 rad ............................................ Ans.

6-65
Equilibrium:
Torque diagram
Deformations:
AB
TA 24
J 6000
Guess that
Then
BC
TA T
Tc
J
TA T
32
Therefore
Tmax
max
0
12 ksi
150.79645 kip in. TCD
50.26548 kip in. TAB

4
32
50.26548 2
BC
TL JG
TA T 24
J 12, 000
50.26548 2
AB
CD
TA 24
J 12, 000
CD
TA
and
32
TBC
4.00 ksi 5 ksi

4.00 ksi 12 ksi
max
max
(okay)
(okay)
50.26548 150.79645 201.062 kip in. 201 kip in. .......................... Ans.
6-66*
d 4 32
J
Equilibrium:
100
32 9.81748 106 mm 4
Torque diagram
Deformations:
AB
TA 2
J 80 10
BC
CD
20 TA 2
9
J 80 10
TL JG
40 TA 1.5
J 40 109
TA 22.85714 kN m
TAB
TBC 20 TA
2.85715 kN m
TCD 40 TA 17.14286 kN m
(a)
(b)
(c)
Tc
J
17,142.86 0.050
9.81748 10
22,857.14 0.050
9.81748 10
TL
JG
87.3 106 N/m 2
116.4 106 N/m 2 116.4 MPa .................................... Ans.
22,857.14 2
9.81748 10
87.3 MPa ............................... Ans.
80 109
0.0582 rad ................................................... Ans.
6-67
d 4 32
J AB
J BC
Initially
32 25.1327 in 4
40 12 6 12
102.1018 12, 000
TL
GJ
64 44 32 102.1018 in 4
After the torque is removed
TAB
Deformations:
C/D
B/ A
TAB 6 12
102.1018 12, 000
TAB
(a)
(b)
(c)
Tc
J
TCD
TCD , and
slip
TL JG
TBC 4 12
25.1327 4000
0.010 0.02821 rad
33.9540 kip in.
33.9540 2
25.1327
33.9540 3
102.1018
TL
GJ
0.02821 rad
2.70 ksi .................................................................................. Ans.
0.998 ksi .......................................................................................... Ans.
33.9540 6 12
102.1018 12, 000
0.001995 rad ......................................................... Ans.
6-68
d 4 32
JS
80
4.02124 106 mm 4
32
1604 1404 32 26.62500 106 mm 4
JB
Initially
10, 000 0.800
TL
GJ
4.02124 10
TS
After the torque is removed

Deformations:
80 109
TB , and
TL JG
TS 0.800
4.02124 10
TS
(a)
(b)
(c)
TB
Tc
J
TB 0.800
80 10
26.62500 10
40 109
0.02487 rad
7680.1087 N m
7680.1087 0.080
26.62500 10
7680.1087 0.040
4.02124 10
TL
GJ
0.02487 rad
23.1 106 N/m 2
76.4 106 N/m 2
7680.1087 0.800
4.02124 10
80 109
23.1 MPa ............................. Ans.
76.4 MPa ....................................... Ans.
0.01910 rad ................................................ Ans.
6-69
d 4 32
J
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
ro4 ri 4
TCB
(a)
TL
JG
(b)
Tc
J
ro4 1
ri ro
2 8
ri ro
in.4
Torque diagram
AC
CB
TA 3 12
J 4000
TA
TL JG
7.5 TA 2 12
J 4000
3.000 kip ft TAC

7.5 TA
4.500 kip ft
3 12 3 12
8
ri ro
4.5 12 2
8
ri ro
4000
rad
ksi

6-70
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
Torque diagram
AC
TA 2
J s 80 10
TA 1
CB
T TA 2
9
d s4 32
db
ds
db4 32
Jb
200 mm
r
In terms of the diameter ratio
ds
J b 40 109
Jb 2J s
Js
TL JG
db d s
200 1 r
db
rd s
200r 1 r
Method of solution:
Guess
Ts d s 2
Js
TA
Compute
Check
Guess
Compute
Guess
Compute
Check
T TA
Check
s
AC
max
Tb , T ,
Ts , T TA
max and
Tb db 2
Jb
AC
, and
AC
, and
max
max
Tb , Ts
max and
AC
, and
TA , T ,
AC
s
max
max
TA
b
Ts , T TA
b
max and
Tb , T ,
s
max
6-71
44 d a4
d4
in.4
32
32
TSt TAl 6.00 kip ft
JS
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
J St
ST
TSt L
12, 000
J Al
72.00 kip in.
(a)
TL JG
Al
TAl L
J Al 4000
TSt
TAl
72 J Al
J Al 3J St
36d a4
kip in.
384 d a4
TSt
216 J St
J Al 3J St
108 256 d a4
Al
TAl d a 2
J Al
183.3465d a
ksi
384 d a4
St
TSt d a 2
J St
72 J Al
J Al 3J St
TAl 36
J Al 4000
d a4
in.4
32
384 d a4
3 J StTAl
J Al
(b)
kip in.
550.0395d a
ksi
384 d a4
3.30024
rad
384 d a4
6-72
4
120
32
d4
32
20.3575 106 mm 4
2
Ab
Equilibrium:
18
d2
4
4
TA TC T
Deformations:
total
254.4690 mm 2
(a)
slip
AB
BC
TL JG
TA 0.75
AB
20.3575 10
80 109
6
0.460518 10
TA rad
T TA 1.50
BC
20.3575 10
0.921036 10
If
BC
BC
BC
T TA rad
T TA
TA
AB
1.08573 106
0.0174533 rad , then
TBC
If
80 109
0.0174533 rad , then
TBC
If
BC
TA
N
AB
18,949.63 N
0.0174533 rad , then

0.0174533
0.460518 10
TA
0.921036 10
T TA
6-72 (cont.)
(a)
AB
BC
TA
(b)
0.666667T 12, 633.09 N
TBC
T TA
Tc
J
Tc
J
TA 0.060
T TA 0.060
20.3575 10
2183.197T
2947.32 T TA N/m 2
8 0.150
254.4690 10
305.3628 10
6
b
0.666667T 12, 633.09
305.3628 10
BC
2947.32TA N/m 2
20.3575 10
8 0.150Vb
TAB
0.333333T 12, 633.09 N
TA
b
(c)
TA
305.3628 10
41.37076 106
0.921036 10
N/m 2
T TA rad
6-73
Assume that the steel shaft extends all the way through the aluminum shell and attaches to the wall at D.
34 24
d4
32
32
Ts Ta T
Ja
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
CD , s
Ta
(a)
(b)
Ta
b
(c)
6.38136 in.
(b)
V
2 Ap
Ts ,CD
0.575221T 1.5
6.38136
T 1
1.57080
2
0.424779T
Ts ,CB
0.135211T ksi
0.636618T ksi
b
Ab
0.575221T
2
1.57080 in.4
Ta 12
6.38136 4000
1.35416Ts
Td
J
32
TL JG
0.575221T
2V
Ja
24
(a)
CD , a
Ts 12
1.57080 12, 000
Ta
0.5
0.424779T 12
1.57080 12, 000
1.46479T ksi
T 18
1.57080 12, 000
0.00122535T rad
6-74
Js
Ja
120
32
d4
32
20.35752 106 mm 4
1204 604
TL JG
19.08518 106 mm 4
32
4
Jb
Equilibrium:
Deformations:
60
1.272345 106 mm 4
32
Ts
TC
TD TC Ta Tb
total
EF , a
CD
slip
(c)
20.35752 10
1.22805 10
(b)
(d)
EF ,b
TC
CD
EF
(a)
80 109
TC rad
Ta 1.40
EF , a
19.08518 10
2.61983 10
28 109
Ta rad
6-74 (cont.)
Tb 1.40
EF ,b
1.272345 10
If
CD
0.0523599 rad , then
If
CD
0.0523599 rad , then
2.61983 10
Ta
TC
24.45179 10
Tb
0.0330639TD 1409.734 N
Ts
(d)
Ta
(c)
42, 636.60 19.91107Tb N
9.33335Tb
Tb
(b)
Ta
0.060
19.08518 10
CD
EF
0.308597TD 13,157.54 N
0.658338TD 14,567.29 N
Tb
b
Ts
D
Tb
Tb
42, 636.60 2.13333Ta N
42, 636.60 19.91107Tb
Ta
Ta
3
2.61983 10
180
TC
TD
TD
Tb rad
9.33335Tb
1.22805 10
TC
Ta
45 10
24.45179 10
20.35752 10
0.030
1.272345 10
Ts
6
0.030
20.35752 10
2
6
80 109
6-75*
N
A
xy
50
2
3.97887 ksi
30 2
Tc
J
1
tan
2
2
x
0 ksi
2.38732 ksi
32
xy
1
tan
2
2 2.38732
3.97887
0
25.10 ,
64.90
2
x
p1, p 2
p1, p 2
3.97887
2
2
xy
3.97887
2
2.38732
p1
1.98944 3.10760 5.10 ksi (T)
p2
1.98944 3.10760
1.98944 3.10760 ksi
25.10 ...................................................... Ans.
1.118 ksi 1.118 ksi (C)
64.90 ........................... Ans.
p3
0 ksi ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
max
3.10760 ksi
3.11 ksi .................................................................................... Ans.
6-76*
x
xy
0.400
0.300
27.2837 106 N/m 2
350 103 0.200
Tc
J
1500 103
N
A
0.400
xz
1
tan
2
40.7437 106 N/m 2
32
40.7 MPa ............... Ans.
0 MPa ............................................................................................... Ans.
yz
0.300
27.3 MPa ................... Ans.
xy
y
1
tan
2
2 40.7437
27.2837
0
35.74 ,
54.26
2
x
p1, p 2
27.2837
2
p1, p 2
2
xy
27.2837
2
40.7437
p1
13.6419 42.9668 56.6 MPa (T)
p2
13.6419 42.9668
29.3 MPa
13.6419 42.9668 MPa
35.74 ................................................... Ans.
29.3 MPa (C)
54.26 ........................ Ans.
p3
0 Mpa ................................................................................................................. Ans.
max
42.9668 MPa
43.0 MPa ............................................................................ Ans.
6-77
2800
N
A
891.268 psi
0 psi
2 NT 2 1500 T
360 550 lb ft/s
60
60
1260.50715 lb ft 15,126.09 lb in.
Power
T
xy
15,126.09 1
Tc
J
1
tan
2
xy
9629.565 psi
32
1
tan
2
2 9629.565
891.268
0
43.68 ,
46.32
2
x
p1, p 2
0.891268
2
p1, p 2
2
xy
0.891268
2
9.629565
p1
0.44563 9.63987 10.08 ksi (T)
p2
0.44563 9.63987
0.44563 9.63987 ksi
43.68 .................................................... Ans.
9.19 ksi 9.19 ksi (C)
46.32 ............................... Ans.
p3
0 ksi ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
max
9.63987 ksi
9.64 ksi .................................................................................... Ans.
6-78*
x
xy
125 103
N
A
0.060
44.20971 106 N/m 2
T 0.030
Tc
J
0.060
0 N/m 2
23,578.51T N/m 2
32
2
x
p1
p1
44.20971
2
3167.83 N m
2
xy
44.20971
2
Tmax
23.57851T 10
3 2
100 MPa
3.17 kN m ........................................................ Ans.
6-79
xy
100 2
Tc
J
7.95775 ksi
32
2
x
p1
Pmax
0 ksi
2
xy
7.95775
18 ksi
14.48190 ksi
x
14.48190
4
4
182.0 kip ............................................................. Ans.
6-80*
xy
35 103 0.075
Tc
J
0.150
52.81586 N/m 2
32
2
x
p
2
x
2
2
xy
52.81586
p2
Pmax
Pmax
2
2
xy
2
x
60 MPa
56.93802 MPa
2
0 N/m 2
52.81586
96 MPa
66.94255 MPa
56.93802 10
0.150
4
1.006 106 N
1006 kN (C) ............................................................................................................... Ans.
6-81*
N
A
175
Tc
J
175 3
xy
1
tan
2
2
x
6.18936 ksi
0 ksi
4.12624 ksi
32
xy
1
tan
2
2 4.12624
6.18936
0
26.57 ,
63.43
2
x
p1, p 2
6.18936
2
p1, p 2
2
xy
6.18936
2
4.12624
p1
3.09468 5.15780 8.25 ksi (T)
p2
3.09468 5.15780
2.06 ksi
3.09468 5.15780 ksi
26.57 ...................................................... Ans.
2.06 ksi (C)
63.43 ............................... Ans.
p3
0 ksi ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
max
5.15780 ksi
5.16 ksi .................................................................................... Ans.
6-82
100
4
d2
4
AAB
100
32
P
AAB
J AB
AB
AB
BC
Since both
AB
7853.98 mm 2
1602 1002
ABC
9.81748 10
P
7853.98 10
Tc
J
10, 000 0.050
Tc
J
30, 000 0.080

54.5223 10
and
AB
J BC
p1
50.9296 106 N/m 2
50.9296 MPa
44.0187 106 N/m 2
44.0187 MPa
BC
and
, the maximum stresses will occur in section AB,
BC
2
xy
2
p
2
x
Pmax
Pmax
50.9296
140 MPa
121.473 MPa
54.5223 106 mm 4
32
2
x
1004
81.6180 P
are larger than
160
127.324 P
P
12, 252.21 10
9.81748 10
mm
12, 252.21 mm 2
P
ABC
BC
2
2
xy
50.9296
80 MPa
123.389 MPa
121.473 106 7853.98 10
954 103 N
954 kN (C) ................................................................................................................. Ans.
6-83*
d2
4
4
4
A4
4
32
J4
d4
32
6
4
A6
25.1327 in.
J6
6
32
12.5664 in.2
4
P
A4
125
12.5664
9.94716 ksi
P
A6
125
28.2743
4.42098 ksi
Since both
and
are larger than
and
28.2743 in.2
127.2345 in.4
Tc
J
T 2
25.1327
Tc
J
3T 3
127.2345
0.0795776T
0.0707355T
the maximum stresses will occur in the 4-in. section

2
x
p1
2
xy
xy
Tmax
9.94716
2
9.94716
2
2
2
xy
15 ksi
8.70589 ksi
xy
2
xy
2
xy
9.94716
2
2
2
xy
10 ksi
8.67545 ksi
T 2
Tc
8.67545 ksi
J 25.1327
109.0 kip in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
6-84
x
xy
200 103
N
A
0.5d
339,530.545
N/m 2
2
d
32
40, 743.665
N/m 2
d3
7500 0.5d
Tc
J
d4
0.5d
0 N/m 2
2
x
p2
169, 765.273
d2
2
xy
169, 765.273
d2
40, 743.665
d3
100 106 N/m 2
Simplifying yields
10 106 d 6 33.9531 103 d 4 1.66005 0

from which
0.0830 m 83.0 mm ...................................................................................... Ans.
6-85
x
N
A
20
d2 4
25.46479
ksi
d2
0 ksi
2 NT 2 1800 T
240 550 lb ft/s
60
60
700.28175 lb ft 8403.3810 lb in.
Power
T
xy
p1
Tc
J
8.403381 0.5d
d 4 32
12.73240
d2
12.73240
d2
42.79807
ksi
d3
2
42.79807
d3
15 ksi
Simplifying yields
225d 6 381.9720d 4 1831.6746 0

from which
1.662 in. ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
6-86*
210 103
E
45
45
cos 2 45
45
0.30
210 103
E
45
1084
cos 2
1
y
45
0.30
sin 2
754
sin 2 45
0.30
xy
45
0.50
xy
197.9539 MPa
0.50
xy
98.9539 MPa
Solving yields
P
T
0.025
4
99 10
xy
148.4539 106
32 0.0125
10
197.9539 MPa
98.9539 MPa
sin 45 cos 45
99.0000 MPa
10
0.30 1084
xy
sin
For a shaft subjected to an axial load P and a torque T :

Therefore
754
45 cos
y
xy
45
0 N/m 2
148.4539 MPa
48.6 103 N
0.025
48.6 kN ...................................... Ans.
455 103 N m
455 kN m ............... Ans.
6-87*
n
cos 2
sin 2
36 cos 2 45
xy
sin cos
150 sin 2 45
E
x
30, 000
2
E
1
2 at
r
E
xy
xy
21
d 4 32
xy
c
T
310
434.00 rad
xy
sin 45 cos 45
xy
0.30
30, 000
1
0.30
2 2.67033 0.375
10
30, 000 434.00 10
2 1 0.30
20.754 204
36
0.30 150
150
0.30 36
10
10
2.67033 ksi
6
5.30110 ksi
200 psi .............................................................. Ans.

6
5.00769 ksi
32 2492.075 in 4
5007.69 2492.075
10.375
1.20285 106 lb in. 100.2 kip ft ................................................................... Ans.
6-88
200 103
E
45
45
cos 2 45
45
0.30
200 103
E
45
1414
cos 2
1
y
45
0.30
sin 2
212
sin 2 45
0.30
xy
45
212
0.30 1414
0.50
xy
296.7912 MPa
0.50
xy
46.6374 MPa
Solving yields
P
T
343.4286 MPa
6
xy
sin
45 cos
343.4286 10
xy
125.0769 106
32 0.025
xy
0.050
4
0.050
10
296.7912 MPa
46.6374 MPa
sin 45 cos 45
For a shaft subjected to an axial load P and a torque T :

Therefore
10
45
0 N/m 2
125.0769 MPa
674 103 N
674 kN ........................... Ans.
3.07 103 N m 3.07 kN m ............. Ans.
6-89
360 24
0.6
pr
t
pr
2t
P
A
14.400
2
tan
(a)
n
28.000
24.62 242
550 12 24.6
Tc
J
xy
14, 400 psi 14.400 ksi
43
53.130
cos 2
sin 2
14.4 cos 2
xy
sin cos
5.97741 sin 2
53.130
2
48.01566 sin
nt
sin cos
14.4
xy
5.97741 sin
cos 2
53.130 cos
53.130
sin 2
53.130 cos
48.01566 cos 2
(b)
53.130
55.1 ksi 55.1 ksi (T) ............................................................................................. Ans.
nt
5.97741 ksi
48.01566 ksi
24.64 244 32
1
53.130
53.130
sin 2
53.130
17.49 ksi ........................................................................................................................ Ans.

1
tan
2
1
tan
2
xy
y
2 48.01566
14.4
5.97741
42.494 ,
47.506
2
x
p1, p 2
p1
p3
14.4
5.97741
2
48.01566
42.494 .................................................................................... Ans.

38.0113 ksi
47.506 ................................................................................... Ans.
0.360 ksi
min
5.97741
2
58.3887 ksi
48.19999
38.0 ksi (C)

p
2
xy
14.4
48.19999
58.4 ksi (T)
max
max
10.18871
p2
10.18871
p1
p2
0.360 ksi (C) ............................................................... Ans.
58.3887
38.0113
2
48.2 ksi .................................... Ans.
6-90
d 4 32
J
x
xy
0.120
4
d s2
4
d o2 di2
0.120
Tc
J
p1
0.120
22.10485 106 N/m 2
20, 000 d o 2
4
o
4
i
32
2
x
d o2
di
d o4 di4 32
250 103
P
A
4
o
4
i
xy
N/m 2
2
101.85916 103 d o
x
max
xy
6-91
2 NT 2 1500 T
360 550 lb ft/s
60
60
1260.50715 lb ft 15,126.09 lb in.
Power T
T
x
xy
P
A
2800
d2 4
Tc
J
3565.071
psi
d2
15,126.09 d 2
d 4 32
2
x
p1
77, 036.54
psi
d3
xy
x
max
xy
6-92*
r d
D d
12 100 0.12
135 100 1.35
Kt
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25b
J
max
d 4 32
Kt
max
Tc
J
1.6
100 4 32 9.81748 106 mm 4

1.6
10, 000 0.050

9.81748 10
81.5 106 N/m 2
81.5 MPa .......................................................................... Ans.
6-93*
r d
0.15 3 0.05
D d
4 3 1.3333
Kt
J
max
d 4 32
Kt
Tc
J
3
2
2.0
32 7.95216 in.4
4 12 1.5
7.95216
18.11 ksi ................................................................... Ans.
6-94
Kt
Kt
Tc
J
Kt
614 0.025
0.050
32
1.60
r d
D 1.2d
40 106 N/m 2
1.2 50
D d
4.5 50 0.09
1.2
60 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
6-95
r d
0.125 6 0.021
Kt
Kt
max
Tc
J
D d
2.6
2.6
T 3
6
8 6 1.3333
32
12 ksi
195.7 kip in. ............................................................................................................ Ans.
6-96*
h r
55 1
r d
Kt
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25a
Kt
max
Tc
J
1.85
1.85
T 0.050
6.37 103 N m
5 100 0.05
0.100
32
60 106 N/m 2
6.37 kN m ............................................................................ Ans.
6-97
Kt
max
nom
12 8 1.50
0.125d
0.125 4
r d
D d
5 4 1.25
0.125
0.50 in. ...................................................................................... Ans.
6-98*
max
Guess
Kt
Tc
J
Kt
d3
277.56622 10
Kt
2.0
r d
Kt
r d
60 106 N/m 2
Kt
Then Eq. (a)
5 82.19 0.061
and from Fig. 6-25b

2nd guess
3270 d 2
d 4 32
1.8
Kt
Therefore, the 2nd guess was correct, and
0.08219 m
100 82.19 1.22
1.8
Then Eq. (a)
Kt
D d
5 79.35 0.063
and from Fig. 6-25b
(a)
0.07935 m
D d
100 79.35 1.26
1.8
d
79 mm ..................................................................... Ans.
6-99
h r
0.5 0.25 2
Kt
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25a
Kt
max
Tc
J
r d
1.65
1.65
500 0.5
1
0.25 1 0.25
32
4201.69 psi
12, 605.1 ksi 12.61 ksi ..................................................................................... Ans.
6-100*
Tc
J
(a)
T
(b)
Plastic zone
T 0.050
0.100
32
120 106 N/m 2
23.5619 103 N m
0
dA
240
106
23.6 kN m .................................Ans.
c
0.050
0
0.0503
3
120 106 2
120 MPa
31.4159 103 N m
31.4159 kN m
31.4159 23.5619
% Inc
100
23.5619
33.3% .................................................................... Ans.
6-101*
Elastic zone
ry
Plastic zone
ry
(a)
ry
24 ksi
ksi
1.5 in.
dA
48 1.54
1.5 4
(b)
ry
24
ry
24
2
d
0
1.5
23 1.53
48
3
1.5
2
1.5
24 2
360 kip in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
ry
1.0 in.
dA
48
1
14
4
24
2
d
0
1
23 13
48
3
1
2
1
24 2
390 kip in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
6-102
Elastic zone
ry
Plastic zone
ry
(a)
ry
T
dA
0.040
0.040
0.025
29.8 103 N m
ry
25 mm
dA
280 106
140 106
0.040
0.0404 0.0254
4
140 106
N/m 2
ry
ry
140 106 N/m 2
40 mm
280 106
(b)
0.050
0.025
280 106
0.050
0.040
140 106
0.0503 0.0403
3
29.8 kN m ................................................................................... Ans.
140 106
0.0503 0.0253
3
32.1 103 N m 32.1 kN m .................................................................................... Ans.
6-103*
c y
r G
1.50
24
0.75 12, 000
Elastic zone
0.75 in.
Plastic zone
0.75 in.
(a)
(b)
c
r
dA
64
0.754
4
0.75
0
0.004
1.5 in.
32
48
1.50
0.75
4000 rad .......................................... Ans.

y
ry
24 ksi
24 2
24
0.75 32.00 ksi
1.503 0.753
3
164.3 kip in. ................................................................................................................... Ans.

6-104
(a)
0.13963 rad
140
80, 000
y
y
ry
Plastic zone
0.03760 m
5848.71 106
T
(c)
0.00175 3
0.13963
0.025 m
dA
0.002327
2330 rad ....................................... Ans.
0.00175 rad
Elastic zone
0.050 0.13963
3
c
L
max
(b)
0.0376
0.025
0.03760 m
y
0.03760 m
ry
0.050 m
3723.40 106
0.03764 0.0254
293.215 106
140
0.03760
3723.40 MPa
140 MPa
0.050
0.0376
140 106
0.0503 0.03763
30.5 103 N m 30.5 kN m ................................................................................... Ans.
Elastic zone since 25 mm

y
ry
25 140
37.6
37.6 mm
93.1 MPa ...................................................................................... Ans.

6-105
(a)
0.0872665 rad
18
12, 000
y
y
0 in.
Plastic zone
1.03132 in.
dA
1.03132
0
(c)
ry
0.001500 5 12
0.0872665
ry
y
1.03132 in.
18
17.45330 ksi
1.03132
2.0 in.
17.45330
2910 rad ........................................ Ans.
1.03132 in.
27.41558 1.031324
0.0029089
0.00150 rad
Elastic zone
2 0.0872665
5 12
c
L
max
(b)
18 ksi
2.0
1.03132
18 2
37.69911 2.03 1.031323
291 kip in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
Elastic zone since 0.50 in. 1.03132 in.

y
ri
0.50 18
1.03132
8.73 ksi .................................................................................... Ans.
6-106*
7.5 25
12.5
y o
ry
(a)
0.0125
0.025
ro
210 106
G1
15 mm
0.500 rad
28.00 109 N/m 2
0.0075
0
230 210 106
G2
0.0125 0.0075
4.00 109 N/m 2
28 109 0.5
G1
180 106
0.015
0
0.015
0.0154
2
180 106
(b)
6.80 103 N m
y
ry
0.0075 1
0.015
N/m 2
15 mm
0.0125 rad
15 mm
25 mm
d
2 109
376.9911 106
3141.5927 106
T
N/m 2
2.00 109
14 109
0.025
21,991.15 106
0.0075 rad
14.00 109
180 106
G2
dA
0.0075 rad
0.0253 0.0153
0.0254 0.0154
6.80 kN m ................................................................................... Ans.

0.500 rad
28.6 ...................................................................... Ans.
6-107*
(a)
2.00 0.0075
0.0120 rad 0.0125 rad
1.25
0.0075
0.00600 rad
1.25
ro i
ri
ri
G2
33 30
0.0125 0.0075
600 ksi
0.0075 rad
25.5 G2
T
dA
25.5 3.600
2.0
1.25
T
(b)
1.25 in.
ksi
25.5 3.6
53.40708 2.03 1.253
0.0125 rad
2.0 in.
5.65487 2.04 1.254
400 kip in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.

y
ry
0.0075 3 12
1.25
0.216 rad 12.4 .............................................................. Ans.
6-108
L
ry
533
0.150 rad
0.0035
0.150
2910
0.300
2
0.74
0.44
dA
0.023333 m
2910 0.150
533 0.150
0.02333
0
0.74
0.44
0.02333
1200.905 106
T
6.48 103 N m
714.826
231.317
714.826 106
0.040
0.023333.74
23.333 mm
0.44
0.74
231.317
0.74
23.333 mm
MPa
0.44
422.502 106
MPa
23.333 mm
40 mm
106
0.0403.44 0.023333.44
6.48 kN m ................................................................................... Ans.
6-109
(a)
T
Solving for
(b)
max
dA
12
12
2 k
R
0
52
4 k 72
R
7
49 LT 2
............................................................................................ Ans.
16 2 k 2 R 7
yields
49T 2
16 2 k 2 R 6
R
L
max
12
max
49T 2
k
16 2 k 2 R 6
12
7T
................................................................... Ans.
4 R3
6-110*
b
Jb
Tb
max
60 MPa 84 MPa
d 4 32
max
80
max
4.02124 106 mm 4
32
60 106 4.02124 10
B/C
(all elastic)
6.03186 103 N m
0.040
L
cG
c
L
60 106 2.5
0.083333 rad
0.040 45 109
0.040 0.083333
1.5
0.002222 rad
6.03186 kN m
0.0015 rad
Therefore, part of the steel shaft will be in plastic deformation,

and the yield surface location is located using
ry
0.0015 1.5
0.083333
Elastic zone
0m
Plastic zone
0.027 m
Ts
dA
6981.32 106
0.02700 m
27.00 mm
y
0.027 m
0.027
0
ry
0.040 m
4444.44
0.02704
106
251.327 106
14.8482 103 N m 14.8482 kN m
Tb Ts
120
0.0270
4444.44 MPa
120 MPa
0.040
0.027
120 106
0.0403 0.02703
6.03186 14.8482 20.8801 kN m
20.9 kN m ............................ Ans.
6-111*
b
max
c
L
max
d 4 32
Jb
Tb
1 0.30
60
max
5000 0.005
c
ri
L
25.0 ksi 30 ksi
(all elastic)
32 1.57080 in 4
25.0 1.57080
1
min
max
0.00500 rad
2 0.30
60
39.2700 kip in.

0.01000 rad
Therefore, all of the steel shaft will be in plastic deformation, and

s
18 ksi
Ts
dA
Tb Ts
3
2
18 2
37.69911 33 23
716.283 kip in.
39.270 716.283 755.55 kip in. 756 kip in. ................................ Ans.
6-112
(a)
d 4 32
J AB
M
AB
32 64.3398 106 mm 4
0:
200 125 TAB
Tc
J
75, 000 0.080
AB
TBC
160
75 kN m
93.2549 106 N/m 2 120 MPa (elastic)
64.3398 10
TAB
93.3 MPa .............................................................................................................. Ans.
125 kN m TAB
Ts
75 kN m (assume steel is fully plastic)
0.080
dA
120 106
0.050
251.3274 106
0.0803 0.0503
97.2637 103 N m 97.2637 kN m
Tb
TBC Ts
Jb
d 4 32
100
32 9.81748 106 mm 4
141.2598 106 N/m 2
9.81748 10
240 MPa (elastic)
141.3 MPa ............................................................................................................... Ans.

141.2598 106
50 mm
At r
27.7363 kN m
27, 736.3 0.050
Tc
J
125 97.2637
120 106
For the steel:
80 109
Gb
0.0035315 rad
40 109
Gb
0.001500 rad 0.0035315 rad
Therefore, the steel is fully plastic in AB as assumed and
Ts
(b)
97.3 kN m
120 MPa ............................................................... Ans.
Since the steel in AB is elastic and the bronze in BC is elastic:

D/ A
B/ A
C/B
TAB LAB
J AB Gs
D/C
75, 000 2
64.3398 10
D/ A
80 10
Tb LBC
J b Gb
27, 736.3 1.5

9
9.81748 10
40 109
0.0769 rad ............................................................................................................... Ans.
6-113
(a) For section AB (steel)
18
12, 000
y
y
Gs
2 0.072
4 12
rAB B
LAB
AB
0.003 rad
y
ry
0.001500 rad
LAB
0.001500 rad (steel yields)
0.0015 4 12
0.072
Elastic zone
0 in.
Plastic zone
1.00 in.
TA
1.00 in.
TAB
ry
2.0 in.
1.0
dA
28.2743 1.04
0:
TD
D/ A
2T
T
(b)
TBC
s
TCD
b
Therefore
TA TD
2T TA
0
2T
D/C
2.0
2T
35 ksi ?
yb
18 2
1.0
37.69911 2.03 1.03
In section BD assume elastic action since
18 ksi
18
18
18 ksi
1.00
1.00 in.
292.168 kip in.

ys
18 ksi
d 4 32
32 25.1327 in.4
292.168 kip in.

C/B
2T TA LCD
T TA LBC
JGs
JGs
B/ A
292.168 3 12
25.1327 6000
T 292.168 4 12
25.1327 12, 000
0.072 rad
0.072 0
295.702 kip in. 296 kip in. ................................................................................... Ans.

T TA
Tc
J
295.702 292.168 3.534 kip in.
3.534 2
25.1327
2T TA
0.2812 ksi
2 295.702
299.236 2
25.1327
Tc
J
max
steel
max
bronze
18 ksi (elastic)
ys
292.168 299.236 kip in.
23.812 ksi
35 ksi (elastic)
18 ksi (in section AB ) ........................................................ Ans.

23.8 ksi (in section CD ) ......................................................... Ans.
6-114
AB
50 MPa
yb
60 MPa (elastic)
BC
50 MPa
ys
120 MPa (elastic)
d 4 32
TA
32 9.81748 106 mm 4
50 106 9.81748 10
J
c
TAB
100
0.050
9817.48 N m 9.81748 kN m
0 D/C C / B
D/ A
B/ A
TA LBC
TA LAB
JGs
JGb
D/C
9,817.48 0.600
D/C
9.81748 10
D/C
9,817.48 0.600
80 10
9.81748 10
40 109
0.02250 rad
For segment CD:

ys
ys
CD
ry
Gs
120 106
80 109
r CD
LCD
50 0.0225
600
LCD
0.0015 0.600
0.0225
Elastic zone
0 in.
Plastic zone
40 mm
TD
0.001500 rad
TCD
40.0 mm
y
ry
50 mm
0.040
dA
0.0404
27.3947 103 N m
TA TD
0.0400 m
0.001500 rad (part plastic)
40 mm
4712.3889 106
0.001875 rad
3000
106
251.3274 106
120
0.040
3000 MPa
120 MPa
d
0.050
0.040
120 106
0.0503 0.0403
27.3947 kN m
9.81748 27.3947 37.2 kN m ............................................................ Ans.
6-115
For 0
d 4 32
Ty
max
32 25.13274 in.4
18 25.13274
2
18.85 kip ft
T 12 2
Tc
25.13274
J
TL
JG
For 18.85 kip ft
r4
32
4T
ry
226.1947 kip in. 18.8496 kip ft
0.95493T ksi
T rad
r
dA
9
r
Ty c J
25 kip ft
T 12
T 12 10 12
25.13274 12, 000
4.77465 10
ry
Gry
12
18
r
2.03 r 3
2.0
d
96
3 r3
max
18 10 12
12, 000 ry
18 2
18 ksi
0.1800
ry
6-116
For 0
d 4 32
120
Ty
max
44.3 106
20.35752 106 mm 4
32
20.35752 10
Ty c J
15, 030.636 N m
0.060
15.03 kN m
Tc
J
T 0.060
T 3
TL
JG
20.35752 10
8.84548 10
When T
2947.314T N/m 2
20.35752 10
16.66 109
T rad
15, 030.636 N m
0.13295 rad
7.618
For 7.618
y
ry
ry
44.3 106 3
Gry
16.66 109 ry
7.97719 10
7.97719 10
ry
7.97719
mm
0.44
max
602
0.44
602
r
dA
0.060
3
602
44.3 106
r
0.44
MPa
0.060
0.44
602 106
0.44
22.15 10
3
y
350 10
0.0603.44 ry3.44 N m
6-117
For 0
Ja
Tya
max
Tys
max
32 0.00613592 in 4
Js
18, 000 0.00613592

0.25
441.786 lb in. 36.8155 lb ft
TL JG
Ta 12 10
0.09817477 30, 000 0.0075
0.3055775 10
Ts 12 30
0.00613592 18, 000 0.0015
4.88924 10
Ta Ts
16.000Ts
17.000Ts
5890.49 lb in. , then
Ts
368.1556 lb in.
Tmax
5890.49 lb in. 490.874 lb ft
Tya
0.5
30, 000 0.09817477

0.5
Ty
Ta
Js
Ja
cs
If Ts
32 0.09817477 in 4
ca
If Ta
Ta Ts
Ta rad
(1)
Ts rad
(2)
6258.6456 lb in. 521.5538 lb ft
Tys (where r is the yield boundary)
Ts 12
18, 000
r
r
0
9000
r
r
62.500
L
Gr
max
0.25
2
12, 000
0.25
0.004Ts
18 30
18 0.0015 r
(3)
max
0.04500
rad
r
18, 000 2
187.50
y
3000 r
18 ksi
(4)
6-117 (cont.)
If Ta
Tya (where r is the yield boundary)

a
30
30
3
0.0075
0.0125 0.0075
Ta 12
30 ksi
4.5
r
30 ksi
25.5
0.50
30, 000
4500
2
25,500
2
d
r
0
r
r
15, 000
2250
0.504 r 4
r 4 17, 000 0.503 r 3
r
r
140.625
2125.0
4250 r 3
r
30 10
0.07500
max L
rad
30 0.0075 r
Gr
r
d
(5)
(6)
Computer approach:
1.
Increment
2.
Compute Ts and Ta using Eqs. (1) and (2)

If Ts
36.82 lb ft ,
use Eqs. (3) and (4).

If Ta 490.9 lb ft ,
use Eqs. (5) and (6).
3.
Compute T
4.
Plot
5.
Repeat until T
Ta Ts
versus T
750 lb ft
6-118
For 0
Ja
20
32 15.70796 103 mm 4
Js
25
32 38.34952 103 mm 4
Tya
max
Tys
max
210 106 15.70796 10
Ja
ca
Js
120 106 38.34952 10
368.155 N m
TL JG
T
15.70796 10
0.250
9
T
If T
0.0125
Ty
329.867 N m
0.010
cs
38.34952 10
210 10 0.0075
0.300
120 10 0.0015
568.411 10
T rad
97.7848 10
T rad
Tys (where r is the yield boundary)

r
120 106
r
60 106
r
r
4c 3
L
Gr
max
r4
T
20 106
80 106
120 106 2
c3 r 3
20 106
c
where
120 106 0.300

120 106 0.0015 r
450 10
r
224
4c3 r 3
0.0125 m
(1)
rad
(2)
6-118 (cont.)
If T Tya (where r is the yield boundary)
210 MPa
210
210 MPa
210 4000
0.0075
180 4000
0.0075
30
180
r
r
30
180
106 2
d
r
180 4000
T
210
r
106
105 106
r
106
60c 3
120 10
c
r
15 106
7.5c 4
15r 3
r
c4 r 4
where c
0.010 m
For a given torque T , solve for r . For example, using the Newton-Raphson iteration method, let
f r
Tr
2 106
f r
T
2 106
r
Then
n 1
15r 4 7.5c 4 60c 3 r
60r 3 60c 3
r
f f
Guess that r
c and iterate until the value for
r no longer changes.
Using the r from the Newton-Raphson solution, calculate
L
Gr
max
210 106 0.250

210 106 0.0075 r
Use Eqs. (1) and (2) to determine

a
1.875 10
rad
and Eq. (3) to determine
225
a.
Then,
(3)
6-119*
For the square bar:
The value of
Tmax
b a 11 1
0.21
from Fig. 6-30 is:

max
a 2b
12 0.21 1
2.52 kip in. ..................................................... Ans.
226
6-120*
(a) For the rectangular bar:
The value of
Tmax
b a
0.245
from Fig. 6-30 is:
a 2b
max
25 106 0.245 0.040
0.075
Tmax
(b)
max
40 75
a 2b
54.77 mm
25 106 0.21 0.05477
0.05477
735 0.400
0.225 0.040
0.075 28 109
0.00972 rad ............................ Ans.

0.15
For the square bar:
TL
a 3bG
863 N m ................... Ans.
0.225
For the rectangular bar:
TL
a 3bG
a a 11 1
0.21
from Fig. 6-30 is:
and
735 N m .......................... Ans.
b a
For the square bar:

The value of
75 40 1.875
863 0.400
0.15 0.05477
0.05477 28 109
224
0.00913 rad
Ans.
6-121
(a) For the square bar:
The value of
Tmax
a 2b
For the circular bar:
(b)
0.21
from Fig. 6-30 is:

max
max
Tmax
b a 1.5 1.5 1
12 0.21 1.5
1.5
d 4 32
12 0.4970
0.75
8.505 kip in. 8.51 kip in. ................ Ans.

1.5
32 0.4970 in.4
7.952 kip in. 7.95 kip in. .................................... Ans.

0.15
For the square bar:
8.505 3 12
TL
a 3bG
0.15 1.5
1.5 4000
0.1008 rad ................................................ Ans.
TL
JG
7.952 3 12
0.4970 4000
0.1440 rad ........................................................................ Ans.
229
6-122*
T
2 At
t
T
2A
r2 4
A
2000
2 7854.0 10
40 106
100
4 7854.0 mm 2
0.00318 m 3.18 mm .............................. Ans.
230
6-123
T
2 At
t
T
2A
A
125
2 76.274 8
6 8
76.274 in 2
0.1229 in. ............................................................................. Ans.
231
6-124
(a) For the circle:
T
2 At
(b)
4 19,894.38 mm 2
0.003 75 106
Tmax
8.95 103 N m 8.95 kN m ............................................................................... Ans.

a
For the equilateral triangle:
500 3 166.667 mm
166.667 cos 30
2
0.003 75 106
2 At
Tmax
5.41 103 N m 5.41 kN m ............................................................................... Ans.
max
2 12.02813 10
12, 028.13 mm 2
Tmax
For the square:
T
2 At
(d)
2 At
max
2 19.89438 10
159.155
159.155 mm
Tmax
T
2 At
(c)
r2 4
500
Tmax
2 At
Tmax
7.03 103 N m
max
125
2 15.625 10
15, 625 mm 2
0.003 75 106
7.03 kN m ............................................................................... Ans.

a 100 mm
For the rectangle:
T
2 At
Tmax
2 At
Tmax
6.75 103 N m
max
500 4 125 mm
100 150
2 15 10
b 150 mm
15, 000 mm 2
0.003 75 106
6.75 kN m ............................................................................... Ans.
232
6-125*
For the rectangle:

(a)
The value of
Tmax
max
(b)
TAB
T2 T1
Tmax
a 2b
20
0.23 2
TL
a 3bG
B/ A
10 30
0.20 2
3 2 1.5
30 10 20 kip in.
7.25 ksi ............................................................................ Ans.
0.20
from Fig. 6-30 is:

C/B
b a
0.23
from Fig. 6-30 is:
The value of
C/A
b 3 in.
2 in.
3 4000
C/B
TL
a 3bG
B/ A
20 30
0.20 2
3 4000
0.01563 rad .................................................................................................................. Ans.
233
6-126*
TAB
T
2 At
T2 T1
Tmax
TBC
2T
T1
2T
2 6175 10
T
4.94 2
2T
6
65 95
6175 mm 2
0 kN m
2 Atmin
max
0.005 80 106
4.940 103 N m
2.47 kN m .................................................................................................... Ans.
234
6-127
(a) For the square bar:
The value of
Tmax
max
b a
a 2b
max J
c
max
0.21 a
(b)
0.21a 3
A a2
1.12838a
max
32
0.28209a 3
1.12838a
max
1.34329 1.343 ..................................................................... Ans.

0.15
For the square bar:
TL
a 3bG
max
d2 4
1.12838a 2
0.28209a 3 max
0.21a 3 max
Tcircle
Tsquare
0.21
from Fig. 6-30 is:
Tmax
a a 1
TL
.15 a 3 aG
6.667TL
a 4G
TL
JG
circle
square
1.34329TL
1.12838a
8.44009TL a 4G
6.667TL a 4G
32 G
8.44009TL
a 4G
1.266 ...................................................................................... Ans.
235
6-128
TAB
TBC
2T
TCD
b a
For the square bar:
0.15
For the stress specification:
TBC
T
2T
max
D/ A
B/ A
a 2b
80 106 0.21 0.050
Tmax
0.050
2100 N m
1050 N m
C/B
0.035 rad
D/C
TAB TBC TCD L

a 3bG
T
80 MPa
max
For the deformation specification:

D/ A
50 50 1
0.21
From Fig. 6-30:
Tmax
2T T
.15 0.050
0.400
0.050 28 109
0.035 rad
1148 N m
1050 N m ................................................................................................................... Ans.
236
6-129*
T
2 At
T
2 Atmin
A
max
12.5 40
2 500 0.04 8
500 in 2
320 kip in. ......................................................... Ans.
237
6-130
500
210
360
320
1.142671 106 mm 2
t
T
2A
150
500 320
2
360
2
695cos15
1.142671 m 2
200 103
2 1.142671 50 106
0.001750 m 1.750 mm ................................. Ans.
238
6-131
Equilibrium:
TAB
TA 8 0 TD
TA
0
TBCD
8 TA kip in.
0.15
0.21
From Fig. 6-30:

Deformation:
D/ A
TA 1.5
a 3bG
4.5TA
8 kip in.
b a 1.5 1.5 1
For the square bar:
D/ A
TA TD
8 TA 3.0
a 3bG
B/ A
D/B
0 rad
24 kip in.
TA
5.3333 kip in. 5.33 kip in. .................................................................................... Ans.
TD
2.6667 kip in. 2.67 kip in. .................................................................................. Ans.
239
6-132*
max
FS
250 1.25 200 MPa
max
max
2 100 MPa
For 60 rpm:
Power
T
Tc
J
2 NT 2 60 T
60
60
23,873.24 N m
T
23,873.24 d 2
d 4 32
Use shaft with
150 103 N m/s
100 106 N/m 2
0.1067 m
d 110 mm ..................................................................................... Ans.
For 6000 rpm:
2 NT 2
60
238.7324 N m
Power T
T
Tc
J
238.7324 d 2
d 4 32
Use shaft with
6000 T
60
150 103 N m/s
100 106 N/m 2
0.0230 m
25 mm ....................................................................................... Ans.
Use a speed of 6000 rpm if weight is critical. ...................................................................... Ans.
240
6-133*
max
FS
62 1.5 41.3333 ksi
1200 12 c
J
Tc
J
max
max
2 20.6667 ksi
20, 666.7 psi
J c 0.69677 in 3
J
c
S
Ix
Iy
c
2I
c
2S
0.69677 in 3
0.34839 in 3
From Table A-13
Use a 2-in. diameter pipe. ............................................................................... Ans.
241
6-134
max
FS
250 1.5 166.6667 MPa
2 NT 2 60 T
60
60
23,873.24 N m
Power T
T
Tc
J
(a)
J c
J
c
(b)
23,873.24 c
J
286.4789 10
Ix
max
2 83.3333 MPa
150 103 N m/s
83.3333 106 N/m 2

m3
286.4789 103 mm3
Iy
2I
S 143.239 103 mm3
2S 286.4789 103 mm3
c
c
Use 203 mm diameter .............................................................................................. Ans.
Tc
J
23,873.24 d 2
d 4 32
Use shaft with

(c)
max
W pipe
83.3333 106 N/m 2
0.1134 m
d 120 mm ..................................................................................... Ans.
42.46 kg/m
W solid W pipe
W solid
89.01 42.46
7870
0.120
4
89.01 kg/m
2.10 ............................................................. Ans.
242
6-135
max
FS
36 2 18 ksi
max
max
2 9 ksi
2 NT 2 200 T
100 550 lb ft/s
60
60
2626.057 lb ft 31,512.38 lb in.
Power T
T
(a)
31.51238 c
Tc
9 ksi
J
J
J I x I y 2I
2S 3.50141 in 3
c
c
c
J c 3.50141 in 3
S 1.75070 in 3
Use a 3-in. diameter pipe...................................................................................................... Ans.

(b)
Tc
J
31.51238 d 2
d 4 32
Use shaft with d

(c)
W pipe
W solid
9 ksi
2.6126 in.
2 5 8 in. ....................................................................................... Ans.
7.58 lb/ft
0.284
2.625
4
1.54 lb/in. 18.44 lb/ft
Use hollow pipe if weight is critical..................................................................................... Ans.
243
6-136*
max
FS
360 3 120 MPa
Tmax
Tc
J
1000 d 2
d 4 32
TAB
max
max
2 60 MPa
1000 N m
60 106 N/m 2
d 0.04395 m 43.95 mm
Use shaft with d 50 mm ....................................................................................... Ans.
244
6-137
max
Tmax
TAB
Tc
J
FS
36 2.25 16 ksi
max
max
2 8 ksi
30 kip in.
30 d 2
d 4 32
Use shaft with d
8 ksi
2.673 in.
2 3 4 in. ....................................................................................... Ans.
245
6-138*
max
FS
360 3 120 MPa
max
MA
max
0:
2 60 MPa
50TB 650 490
TB
6370 N
If the drum is tending to rotate clockwise, then
6370 TAe
0.2 3
TA
2482.14 N
and the torque on the axle of the drum is
6370 0.25
2482.14 0.25
971.965 N m
If the drum is tending to rotate counter-clockwise, then
TA
6370e
0.2 3
TA 16,347.54 N
and the torque on the axle of the drum is
16,347.54 0.25
Tc
J
6370 0.25
2494.38 d 2
d 4 32
2494.38 N m
60 106 N/m 2
d 0.05960 m 59.60 mm
Use shaft with d 60 mm ....................................................................................... Ans.
246
6-139
Tmax
(a)
TAB
380 lb ft
For the shaft:
Tc
J
max
4.560 d 2
d 4 32
Use shaft with d

(b)
For the bolts:
max
d
4V 1
2
TAB
db2 3.5
2
Use bolts with d
4.560
4560 lb in.
y
FS
53 2 26.5 ksi
max
13.25 ksi
max
2 13.25 ksi
d 1.206 in.
1 1 4 in. ........................................................................................ Ans.

y
d1
2
FS
2
36 1.5 24 ksi
d b2
d1
4
12
max
max
db2 d1
2
db
5
16
2 12 ksi
0.2629 in.
in. ......................................................................................... Ans.
247
6-140
For a given value of power, the values of torque are the same in the shaft and in the collar.
s
Tc
J
T ds 2
d s4 32
16Td s
d s4
Tc
J
T dc 2
d c4 d s4 32
16Td c
d c4 d s4
For the same shear stress in the shaft and in the collar
16Td s
d s4
d c4 d s4
d s4
16Td c
d c4 d s4
dc
ds
dc ds
dc
ds
dc
ds
1 0
1.221 (independent of the material) ............................................................... Ans.
248
6-141*
(a)
AB
CD
DE
Tc
J
48 12 3
Tc
J
13 12 2
Tc
J
2 12 1
E/ A
E/ A
4
2
max
(b)
DE
B/ A
13.58 ksi
32
12.41 ksi
32
32
15.28 ksi
15.28 ksi .......................................Ans.

C/B
D/C
E/D
48 12 3 12
TL
JG
37 12 4 12
32 12, 000
32 12, 000
13 12 5 12
4
E/ A
(c)
C/A
0.1002 10
B/ A
C/A
32 12, 000
2 12 2 12
2
32 12, 000
rad ..................................................................................................... Ans.
C/B
48 12 3 12
C/A
32 12, 000
0.377 10
37 12 4 12
6
32 12, 000
rad ..................................................................................................... Ans.
249
6-142*
(a)
d1
0.0634 m
d2
0.0799 m
80 106 N/m 2
63.4 mm .......................................Ans.
8000 d 2 2
d 24 32
Tc
J
BC
(b)
4000 d1 2
d14 32
Tc
J
AB
80 106 N/m 2
79.9 mm ......................................Ans.
TL JG
4000 1
C/A
0.075
8000 2
4
32 80 109
0.0483 rad ................................................. Ans.
250
6-143
(a)
Tc
J
T
(b)
T 0.625
1.254 1.124 32
8 ksi
1.091 kip in. ............................................................................................................ Ans.

1 3 12
C/A
1.25
1.124 32 3800
0.1112 rad .................................................... Ans.
251
6-144*
(a)
Tc
J
d min
(b)
TL
JG
18, 000 d 2
d
0.5d
32
100 106 N/m 2
0.0993 m 99.3 mm ...................................... Ans.

8000 2
18, 000 4
0.1204 0.0604
4000 3
32 80 109
0.0288 rad ........................................................... Ans.
252
6-145
TL
JG
Tc
J
Power T
Power
T 3 12
2.5
32 4000
T 1.25
2.5
32
0.052 rad
10 ksi
22.1575 kip in.

1.84646 kip ft
30.6796 kip in.

2.55663 kip ft
2 NT 2 500 1846.46
96, 680.3 lb ft/s
60
60
96, 680.3 550 175.8 hp ........................................................................... Ans.
253
6-146
(a)
AB
55, 000 0.075
Tc
J
0.150
AB
(b)
AB
0.100
BC
BC
32
83.0 106 N/m 2
83.0 MPa (T) ......................................Ans.
15, 000 0.050

BC
32
76.4 106 N/m 2
76.4 MPa (C) ......................................Ans.
TL JG
(c)
55, 000 0.300

C
0.150
C
32 80 109
15, 000 0.400

0.100
32 80 109
0.01179 rad ......................................................................................................... Ans.
254
6-147*
(a) First look at equilibrium of the aluminum shell and the ends of the pins:
Ta
V 2
Ja
d4
32
0.5
4
34 24
32
1.963495 kip in.
6.38136 in.4
Js
24
32
1.57080 in.4
Assume that the steel shaft extends all the way through the aluminum shell and attaches to the wall at D. Then, the
portion of the shafts between the wall and the pin must rotate the same amount
CD , s
TL JG
CD , a
Ts 12
1.57080 12, 000
Ts
0.73846Ta
Ta 12
6.38136 4000
0.73846 1.963495
1.44997 kip in.
T
(b)
(c)
Ta Ts
Td
J
1.963495 0.73846 3.41346 kip in. 3.41 kip in. ........................ Ans.
1.963495 1.5
6.38136
1.44997 12
1.57080 12, 000
0.462 ksi
462 psi ....................................................... Ans.
3.41346 18
1.57080 12, 000
255
0.00418 rad ................................ Ans.
6-148
d 4 32
J AB , s
J BC , s
1604 1004
J BC ,b
100
Deformations:
32 64.33982 106 mm 4
32 54.52234 106 mm 4
32 9.81748 106 mm 4
Ts Tb
Equilibrium:
160
BC , s
75 kN m
(a)
TL JG
BC ,b
Ts 1.5
54.52234 10
Ts
Tb
Tb 1.5
80 10
In BC:
Tc
J
85, 000 0.08

64.33982 10
6
6194.66 0.05
9.81748 10
101.0 106 N/m 2

31.5 106 N/m 2
C/B
64.33982 10
D
31.5 MPa
31.5 MPa .............................................. Ans.
max,b
80 109
105.6888 MPa
101.0 MPa
D/C
85, 000 2
D
68.80534 kN m
105.6888 106 N/m 2
105.7 MPa .......................
B/ A
40 109
(b)
Ts
54.52234 10
max, s
11.10720Tb
68,805.34 0.08
(b)
9.81748 10
6.19466 kN m
In AB:
(a)
TL JG
68,805.34 1.5
54.52234 10
80 109
0.00937 rad ........................................................................................................... Ans.
256
6-149
T
2 At
t
T
2A
6 2
1850 12
2 13.57080 8000
2 13.57080 in 2
0.1022 in. ................................................................. Ans.
257
6-150*
T
2 At
12, 000
2 53, 000 10
87.1 106 N/m 2
0.0013
87.1 MPa ............................................................................... Ans.
258
6-151*
Power T
T
Tc
J
2 NT 2 300 T
200 550 lb ft/s
60
60
3501.4087 lb ft 42, 016.9 lb in.
42.0169 d 2
d 4 32
TL
JG
use d
42.0169 3 12
d 4 32 11, 600
15.9 ksi
1.5
0.026180 rad
2.3787 in.
2.6689 in.
2 3 4 in. ............................................................................................................ Ans.
259
6-152
J
o
d 4 32
100
32 9.81748 106 mm 4
15, 000 1.2
TL
JG
9.81748 10
After the torque at B is removed
T
9.81748 10
T
total
2.2
6
40 10
40 109
0.04584
0.04584 rad
ABC
slip
CD
T 1.6
9.81748 10
80 109
2149.808 N m ............................................................................................................... Ans.
Tc
J
2149.808 0.030
9.81748 10
50.7 106 N/m 2
260
50.7 MPa ................................. Ans.
7-1*
I
Mr
bh3
12
I
c
4 6
12
72.00 in.4
1000 72.00
3
24, 000 lb in. 24.0 kip in. ....................................... Ans.
7-2*
Mx
A
100
200 50
100 125
300 75
3
3
6
4
106.25 10 mm
Mr y
I
200 50
3 200 50
3
25
3
200 25
3
100
200 50
75 mm
10, 000 0.125

106.25 10
11.76 106 N/m 2 11.76 MPa (T) ...................................................................... Ans.
7-3
Mx
A
2 5
3
Mr y
I
6 2
6 2
2 6 2
3
6 3
4 1
3
3
4000 12 5
136.00
3 in.
136.00 in.4
667 psi
667 psi (C) ........................................... Ans.
7-4*
200 300
12
I
Mr
(a)
(b)
(c)
150 200
12
7.5 106 350 10
yA
0.150
Mr y
I
350 106 mm 4
17,500
350 10
17,500 0.050
350 10
17,500
350 10
0.125
6
0.100
6
17,500 N m
5.00 106 N/m 2
5.00 MPa (T) ............... Ans.
2.50 106 N/m 2
2.50 MPa (C) ................................ Ans.
6.25 106 N/m 2
6.25 MPa (T) ................................ Ans.
7-5
I
Mr
6 10
12
I
c
4 6
12
1200 428
5
428 in.4
102, 700 lb in. 102.7 kip in. ....................................... Ans.
7-6
Mx
A
25
100 50
100 50
3
Mr
100 100
62.5 50
3
3
6
4
72.92 10 mm
I
c
150
200 37.5
3
200 106 72.92 10

0.150
200 37.5
37.5 150
3
100 mm
97.2 103 N m 97.2 kN m ................ Ans.
7-7*
(a)
I
Mr
(b)
I
Mr
bh3
12
I
c
bh3
12
I
c
4 2
12
2.667 in.4
8 2.667
1
2 4
12
21.3 kip in. ..................................Ans.
10.667 in.4
8 10.667
2
85.3 kip in. ..............................................Ans.
7-8
Mx
A
12.5
100 25
100 25
3
100 87.5
50 62.5
3
3
6
4
39.93 10 mm
(a)
bot
bot
(b)
top
top
125
Mr y
I
10, 000
200 25
200 25
3
25 137.5
3
0.1375
6
39.93 10
87.5 mm
34.4 106 N/m 2
34.4 MPa (C) ............................................................................................................. Ans.

Mr y
I
10, 000 0.0875

39.93 10
21.9 106 N/m 2
21.9 MPa (T) ............................................................................................................. Ans.
7-9*
(a)
From Table B-3 for an S 24 80 section
Mr
(b)
I
Mr
I
c
18 2100
12.00
8 0.75
2100 2
12
I
c
18 3938
12.75
2c
24.00 in.
2100 in.4
3150 kip in. .......................................................................... Ans.

3
8 0.75 12.375
3938 in.4
5560 kip in. .......................................................................... Ans.
7-10*
From Table B-8 for an L 102 102 12.7-mm angle
S
Mr
32.3 103 mm3

S
120 106 2 32.3 10
7752 N m
7.75 kN m ........................ Ans.
7-11
16 28
12
top
bottom
max
Mr y
I
Mr y
I
15 24
11,989 in.4
12
1000 12 14
14.01 ksi 14.01 ksi (C)
11,989
1000 12
11,989
14
14.01 ksi 14.01 ksi (T)
14.01 ksi (T, on bottom; C, on top)) ................................................................... Ans.
7-12*
237.5
Mx
A
100 25
125
100 25
25 200
25 200
12.5
200 25
200 25
102.5 mm
3
100 147.5
75 122.5
3
3
6
4
105.65 10 mm
top
105.65 10
bottom
175 77.5
3
4.19 106 N/m 2
4.19 MPa (T) ............................................................Ans.

3000
bottom
200 102.5
3
3000 0.1475
Mr y
I
top
0.1025
105.65 10
2.91 106 N/m 2
2.91 MPa (C) ........................................................Ans.
7-13
4r
3
4 3
3
r4
8
8r 4
9
top
bottom
Mr y
I
1.2732 in.
4
3
8 3
8.890 in.4
8
9
20 1.7268
3.88 ksi 3.88 ksi (T) ..................................... Ans.
8.890
20 1.2732
8.890
2.86 ksi
2.86 ksi (C) .............................................. Ans.
7-14
50 50
12
I
c
Mr
Mr
20 20
12
507.5 103 mm 4
110 106 507.5 10

0.025
2233 N m
2.23 kN m .................................................................Ans.
7-15*
Mx
A
0.5
8 1
8 1
3
(a)
top
4 1
4 1
42 32
7
42 32
3.113 in.
8 3.113
7 2.113
1 1.887
3
3
3
4
4
2
2
4 3
4 3
2
3.887
152.33 in.4
64
4
30 12 5.887
Mr y
13.91 ksi
I
152.33
top
(b)
bottom
13.91 ksi (T) ...................................................... Ans.

30 12 3.113
152.33
7.36 ksi
7.36 ksi (C) ........................................... Ans.
7-16*
210 109 1200 10
(a)
(b)
50 50
12
I
Mr
Mr
I
y
252.00 106 N/m 2
252 MPa .................... Ans.
0.5208 106 mm 4
252.00 106 0.5208 10
0.025
5250 N m
5.25 kN m ................................................................................................................ Ans.
7-17
R
x
24
E
h 2
x
x
12
h 2 in.
E h2
12 h 2
24 36
29, 000 36
0.0298 in. ........................................................................... Ans.
7-18*
R
x
h 2
E 12.5
x
25 2
R 12.5 mm
E 12.5
R 12.5
12.5
73, 000 12.5

100
12.5 9113 mm 9.11 m ........................ Ans.
7-19
0:
M cut
Mr
Mr
15 kip in.
(The internal resisting moment is the same over the entire length of the beam.)
2 2
12
top
Mr y
I
1.3333 in.4
15 1
1.3333
11.25 ksi 11.25 ksi (T) ........................................... Ans.
7-20
12.5
Mx
A
250 25
100
25 150
250 25
250 124.36
3
100
64
bottom
bottom
Mr y
I
25 150
225 99.36
3
100
4
225
100
25 50.64
3
100
2
124.36 mm
100.64
100 103
172.24 106 mm 4
0.15064
172.24 10
87.5 106 N/m 2
87.5 MPa (T) .................................................................................................. Ans.
7-21*
0:
MC
RD
20 RD 3 1000
Mr
Mr
3750 lb ft
Mr y
I
3.750 kip ft
8.590 in.4
4
A
3 2000
5 1950
24 1.54
1950 lb
0:
M cut
18 2000
3.750 12 2
8.590
3.750 12
8.590
1.5
10.48 ksi 10.48 ksi (C) ................................. Ans.
7.86 ksi
7.86 ksi (T) ................................................ Ans.
7-22
Mx
A
140
120 40
60
120 40
40 120
M cut
120 60
80 20
3
3
6
4
21.76 10 mm
0:
Mr
Mr
40 120
40 100
3
100 mm
(The internal resisting moment is the same over the entire length of the beam.)
At the top of the beam
Mr
I
y
90 MPa T
90 106 21.76 10
Mr
M max
32.6 kN m
0.060
140 MPa C
At the bottom of the beam
I
y
140 106 21.76 10
30.5 kN m
0.100
30.5 kN m
................................................................................................... Ans.
7-23
di
(a)
max
d o 0.5
100 d o 2
M rc
I
d o4
d o 0.5
32 100 d o
max
(b)
d min
d o4
d o 0.5
64
ksi
3.9 in. .............................................Ans.
7-24
bh3
12
I
(a)
max
max
(b)
hmin
b 2b
12
M rc
I
8b 4
12
6000 h 2
8b 4 12
12 6000 b
8b 4
12 6000 b
9000
N/m 2
4
8b
b3
150 mm .............................................Ans.
7-25
From Table B-3 for an S 4 9.5 section
M1
MR
20 3.39
1.75M
IR
M R cR
IR
bt 3
6.79 2
12
4.00 in.
6.79 in.4
A 2.79 in.2
S
3.39 in.3
118.65 kip in.
bt 2 0.5t
118.65 2 t
IR
118.65 2 t
20
IR
2c
67.8 kip in.
1.75 67.8
bt 3
6.79 2
12
20 ksi
5.9325 2 t in.4
bt 2 0.5t
5.9325 2 t
30.45 35.595t
t
12t 2 0.5t
7-26
Aa
6000 mm 2
200 30
30 1.5t mm
Ia
30 200
12
Ab
Ma
Ib
w 200
12
200 w 6000 mm 2
20.00 106 mm 4
150 106 20 10
I
c
2 150 t
0.100
3
150 t 3
12
30, 000 N m
150t 100 0.5t
100t 3 30, 000 2 106 t 20 106 mm 4

150 106 I b
I
N m
Mb
0.100 t
c
Mb Ma
% Inc
100
Ma
Mb
1 100
30, 000
% Inc
5000 I b
1 100
0.100 t
7-27*
Fy
1000 Vr
0:
Vr
M cut
Mr
1000 lb ...............................................................................Ans.
0:
M r 1000 x
1000 x lb ft .................................................................Ans.
7-28*
Fy
0:
2x
Vr
M cut
Mr
Vr
2 x kN .............................................................................Ans.
0:
Mr
2x x 2
x 2 kN m .....................................................................Ans.
7-29
MB
0
0:
200 10 5
500 2
10 RA
RA
900 lb
x 10 ft
Fy
0:
900
Vr
M cut
Mr
200 x
Vr
900 200 x lb .......................................................... Ans.
0:
Mr
200 x x 2
900 x
900 x 100 x 2 lb ft ............................................... Ans.
7-30*
MB
0:
Fy
15 4 6
0:
45
Vr
M cut
Mr
8 RA
15 x
RA
0
Vr
45 kN
45 15 x kN .....................................................................Ans.
0:
Mr
45 x
15 x x 2
45 x 7.5 x 2 kN m .......................................................Ans.
7-31
MB
4 ft
0:
5000 4
2000 8
12 RA
RA
3000 lb
x 8 ft
Fy
3000 2000 Vr
0:
Vr
M cut
Mr
1000 lb ...................................................................... Ans.
0:
M r 3000 x
2000 x 4
1000 x 8000 lb ft .............................................. Ans.
7-32
Fy
0:
MA
RA
0:
Fy
MA
wL L 2
0:
Vr
M cut
Mr
wL
wL wx
0:
RA
wL
2 wL 3L 2
MA
5wL2 2
wx
Vr
w L x ...........................................................Ans.
Mr
wx 2
2
2 wL
wL
wLx
5wL2 2
5wL2
2
wL x
w 2
x
2
wx x 2
2 Lx 5 L2 ...................Ans.
7-33*
MA
0:
M cut
Mr
12 RB
2000 4
0:
5000 8
4000 2
Mr
RB
4000 lb
8000 lb ft
bh3
12
3 8
12
128.00 in.4
On the bottom of the beam y
Mr y
I
4 in.
8 12 4
128.00
3.00 ksi 3.00 ksi (T) ............................................. Ans.
7-34
MA
M cut
0:
8 RB
0:
15 4 2
Mr
On the bottom of the beam y
Mr y
I
15 3
2c
254.00 mm
RB
Mr
61.2 106 mm 4
15 kN
45 kN m
127.0 mm
45, 000
61.2 10
0.127
6
93.4 106 N/m 2
93.4 MPa (T) .......................................................................................................... Ans.

On the top of the beam y
45, 000
61.2 10
127.0 mm
0.127
6
93.4 106 N/m 2
93.4 MPa (C) ............................... Ans.
7-35*
(a)
(b)
(c)
MB
0:
2000 13
1000 6 5
10 RA
RA
5600 lb
MA
0:
2000 3
1000 6 5
10 RB
RB
2400 lb
Vr
2000 lb ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
Mr
2000 x 3
2000 x 6000 lb ft ................................................................ Ans.
Vr
2000 5600
3600 lb ......................................................................................... Ans.
Mr
2000 x 3
Vr
Mr
Mr
(d)
Vr
Mr
Mr
5600 x
3600 x 6000 lb ft ................................................... Ans.
2000 5600 1000 x 2

2000 x 3
1000 x 5600 lb ............................................ Ans.
5600 x 1000 x 2 x 2 2
500 x 2 5600 x 8000 lb ft ............................................................................. Ans.

2000 5600 1000 6
2000 x 3
2400 lb ................................................................... Ans.
5600 x 1000 6 x 5
2400 x 24, 000 lb ft .......................................................................................... Ans.
7-36*
(a)
MB
0:
12 6 9
24 4
10 RA
RA
74.4 kN
MA
0:
12 6 1
24 6
10 RB
RB
21.6 kN
Vr
Mr
(b)
Vr
Mr
(c)
Vr
Mr
(d)
Vr
Mr
12 x 2
12 x 24 kN ................................................................................... Ans.
12 x 2
12 x 2
74.4
12 x 2
12 6
12 6
12 6
12 6
x 2 2
74.4
12 x 50.4 kN ................................................................... Ans.
x 2 2 74.4 x
6 x 2 50.4 x 24 kN m .................. Ans.
2.4 kN .......................................................................................... Ans.
x 1
74.4 24
x 1
6 x 2 24 x 24 kN m .................................... Ans.
74.4 x
2.4 x 72 kN m ................................................... Ans.
21.6 kN ............................................................................ Ans.
74.4 x 24 x 6
21.6 x 216 kN m ...................... Ans.
7-37
(a)
MB
0:
MA
0:
Vr
1 2 1500 12
12 RB
Mr
(b)
1
2
3000
1
2
dVr
dx
125 x
12 RA
RA
3000 lb
RB
6000 lb
1 2 1500 12
1500 x
12
3000 x
62.5 x 2 3000 lb .................................................. Ans.
1500 x
12
x
3
20.83 x 3 3000 x lb ft ...................... Ans.
Solving yields:
Therefore, the maximum shear force occurs either at the beginning or end of the region:
Vx
3000 lb
Vmax
Vx
dM r
dx
Mx
M max
Vx
6000 lb
6000 lb .................................................................................................... Ans.
12
62.5 x 2 3000 0
0 lb ft
Mx
12
6.928
Mx
Solving yields:
6.928
13,858 lb ft
6.928 ft
Mx
12
0 lb ft
13,858 lb ft 13.86 kip ft ............................................................... Ans.
7-38*
(a)
MB
0:
9 4
MA
0:
3RB
Vr
Mr
RA
27.0 kN
15 2 1.5
RB
12.0 kN
27 x
15 x 25.5 kN ............................................................. Ans.
15 x 0.5
x 0.5 2
7.5 x 2 25.5 x 10.88 kN m ............................................................................ Ans.
Mr
(b)
9 1
9 27 15 x 0.5
9 x 1
3 RA
15 2 1.5
From Table B-4 for an S178 30 section
I
M 1.5
9 2.5
27 1.5
c 15
88.9 15
Mr y
I
10,500
17.6 10
15 1
mm
0.5
2c 177.8 mm
S 198 103 mm3

10.5 kN m
73.9 mm
0.0739
17.6 10
44.1 106 N/m 2
44.1 MPa (T) ................................................................................................................. Ans.
Mr
S
(c)
max
10,500
198 10
53.0 106 N/m 2
53.0 MPa (C, top; T, bottom) .............................................................................. Ans.
7-39
(a)
MB
0:
MA
0:
Vr
Mr
(b)
500 6
10 RB
1100
500 6
500 6
1100 x
500 6
10 RA
RA 1100 lb
800 5
12.5
RB
x 3
1900 x 9000 lb ft ....................................... Ans.
M 3 1100 3
Mr y
I
max
Mr
S
500 3
d
4
64.9 in.
1.5
1050 12 3
64.9
1050 12
16.2
5900 lb
1900 lb .................................................................................. Ans.
(c)
2.5
800 5
1050 lb ft
2c 8.00 in.
S 16.2 103 in.3

y
c 1 4 1
3 in.
582 psi 582 psi (C) ........................................... Ans.
778 psi (C, top; T bottom) .............................................. Ans.
7-40
MB
0:
3 2 3
MA
0:
4 RB
140
Mx
A
120 60
3
M3
RB 1
RA
4.50 kN
3 2 1
RB
1.50 kN
120 40
60
120 40
40 120
3
80 20
3
1.50 1
At the top of the section y
Mr y
I
4 RA
40 120
40 100
3
100 mm
21.76 106 mm 4
1.500 kN m
60 mm
1500 0.060
21.76 10
4.14 106 N/m 2
4.14 MPa (C) ................................................................................................................. Ans.

At the bottom of the section y
1500
0.100
21.76 10
100 mm
6.89 106 N/m 2
6.89 MPa (T) .................................... Ans.
7-41*
RA
(a)
Vr
1
2
RB
RA
Vr
Mr
10
0
s
1000sin
ds
10
10, 000
w ds
10, 000
(b)
Vmax
M max
100, 000
2
Vx
Vx
Mx
sin
x
10
10, 000
x
lb ft
lb
x
10
cos
s
cos
10
10, 000
s
ds
10
10, 000
10
10
s
cos
10
1000sin
10, 000 x
10, 000 x
100, 000
5
s
cos
10
w x s ds
10, 000 x
Mr
10, 000
x
RA x
5000
lb ............................... Ans.
1000 x s sin
100, 000
2
10.13sin
x
10
s
sin
10
s
ds
10
x
10, 000 s
s
cos
10
kip ft ..................................... Ans.
3183 lb 3.18 kip ........................................................ Ans.
10,132 lb ft 10.13 kip ft ............................................... Ans.
7-42*
MB
0:
1
4
RA
4
0
Vr
RA
Vr
Mr
sin
x
0
s
8
400
200
(b)
Vmax
400 x 4
400
0
dM r
dx
400
200
M max
Mx
1.7573
50s
s
8
sin
s
25cos
ds
8
400
400
2
kN
200
sin
s
8
kN .................................................................................... Ans.
400 x
2
x
s
8
sin
1600
Vx
x
8
sin
w x s ds
400 x
Mr
s
cos
8
200
x
400
400
RA x
dx
w ds
s
8
4 s 25cos
200
(a)
w 4 s ds 4 RA
x
0
1600
2
x
8
cos
x s 25cos
s
cos
8
s
8
200s
ds
sin
s
8
kN m ................................................................. Ans.
40.5 kN .............................................................................................. Ans.

sin
x
8
x 1.7573 m
34.1 kN m ........................................................................................... Ans.
7-43
MB
RA
(a)
Vr
Mr
(b)
10
0:
1
10
10
10 s 10s ds
x
RA x
w ds 833.3
x
10s 3
3
RA
w 10 s ds 10 RA
s4
4
10 s 2 ds
w x s ds 833.3 x
10
833.3 lb
0
833 3.33 x3 lb .......................................... Ans.

x
10 s 2 x s ds
Mr
833 x 0.8333 x 4 lb ft ........................................................................................... Ans.
Vmax
Vx
10
833.3 3.333 10
2500 lb ................................................................ Ans.
dM r
833.3 3.333x 3 0
x 6.300 ft
dx
M max M x 6.300 3.94 kip ft ............................................................................................ Ans.
7-44
MB
(a)
0:
RA
1
8
Vr
RA
w 8 s ds 8 RA
w ds
213.3
8
0
s 3 8s 2 64s 512 ds
64 s 2 ds
213.3 64 x
213.3 kN
x3
3
Vr
0.333 x 3 64.0 x 213 kN ..................................................................................... Ans.
Mr
RA x
w x s ds
x4
4
213.3x
(b)
1
8
64 s 2 8 s ds
x4
3
Mr
0.0833 x 4 32.0 x 2
dVr
dx
x 2 64 0
213.3 x
64 s 2
x s ds
32 x 2 64 x 2
213 x kN m ...................................................................... Ans.
x 8m
Therefore, the maximum shear force occurs

either at the beginning or end of the region:
Vx
Vmax
dM r
dx
M max
213.3 kN
Vx
Vx
128.0 kN
213 kN ............................................................................................................ Ans.
0.3333x 3 64.0 x 213.3 0

Mx
3.570
x 3.570 m
367 kN m ............................................................................................. Ans.
7-45
MB
0:
MP
1000 10
5000 0.5P 5
5 P 10 RA
1000 5
0
2.5
RA
RB
5000 0.5 P lb
12,500 2.5P lb ft
From Table B-5 for a C10 15.3 section
MP
S 13.5 in.3
16 2 13.5
max S
M P 12.5
2.5
36 12.5
2.5
432 kip in. 36 kip ft
9.40 kip ............................................................................. Ans.
7-46
MA
0:
MD
0:
5RD 5b 0
5 5 b
5 RA
RD
b kN
RA
5 b kN
b 0.25 m
Mr
5 b x kN m
b 0.25 m
b 0.25 m
Mr
5 b x 2.5 x b 0.25
b 0.25 m
x 5m
Mr
5 x b kN m
(a)
kN m
(Note that for any position of the crane,

the maximum bending moment occurs
under the wheel closest to the center of
the beam.)
(b)
MB
MB
MC
(c)
Mx
b 0.25
5 b b 0.25
b 2 5.25b 1.25 kN m
Mx
b 0.25
4.75 b b kN m
dM B
2b 5.25 0
dx
b 2.625 m
M B max
dM C
dx
4.75 2b 0
5.64 kN m
b
2.375 m
M C max
5.64 kN m
7-47
RB
RC
0
(a)
wL 2
1200 15 2 9000 lb
d ft
Mr
1200 x x 2
15 d ft
Mr
1200 x x 2
600 x 2 lb ft
900 x d
600 x 2 9000 x 9000d lb ft

15 d ft
x 15 ft
Mr
1200 15 x 15 x 2
600 x 2 18, 000 x 135, 000 lb ft

(b)
AB :
M max AB
BC :
dM
dx
M max AB
600d 2 lb ft
1200 x 9000 0
M max BC
(c)
Mx
Mx
M max BC
7.5
7.5 ft
3.107 ft
33, 750 9000d lb ft
600d 2
33, 750 9000d
7-48
MB
0 : 5 d RC
MC
0 : 15 6 3 d
0
(a)
1m
6 d m
15 6 2
RC
5 d RB
x 1m
Mr
15 x x 2
Mr
15 x x 2
Mr
7.5 x 2
6 d m
x 6m
Mr
M AB max
7.5 1
1m
6 d m
kN
90 3 d
kN
5 d
7.5 x 2 kN m
90 3 d
5 d
90 3 d
5 d
x 1
x 1
kN m
15 6 x 6 x 2
7.5 x 2 90 x 270 kN m
Mr
(b)
RA
180
5 d
7.5 kN m
dM r
dx
90 3 d
5 d
15 x
6 3 d
m
5 d
Note that when d
2.6 m , this gives a location for the maximum bending moment which is outside the
range for which the bending moment equation is valid x 1.0 m . Furthermore, when d 1.369 m , the
bending moment at the right support is greater than the internal maximum. Therefore, for d 1.369 m the
maximum bending moment in the region BC is the same as the maximum bending moment in the region CD.
M BC max
M BC max
M CD max
(c)
M BC max
180d 2 900d 1080

5 d
M CD max
kN m
d 1.369 m
7.5d 2 kN m
d 1.369 m
7.5d 2 kN m
M CD max
180d 2 900d 1080

5 d
7.50d 2
1.369 m
7-49*
MD
0:
2000 12
RA
MA
6000 4
16 RA
3000 lb
0:
16 RD
2000 4
RD
6000 12
5000 lb
7-50*
MA
0:
15 7.5
RC
MC
20 2
5 RC
20 3
30.5 kN
0:
5 RA
RA
15 2.5
4.50 kN
7-51
MC
0:
2000 12 10
8000 8
16 RA
8000 24
RA 11, 000 lb
MA
16 RC
0:
2000 12 6
RC
21, 000 lb
7-52*
MD
0:
10 7
20 3
RA
MA
10 RD
15 5
10 RA
15 15
5.50 kN
0:
10 3
RD
20 7
39.5 kN
7-53
MD
0:
300 5 13.5
RB
MB
400 5 2.5
2000 7
11RB
2000 4
2659 lb
0:
11RD
300 5 2.5
RD
400 5 13.5
2841 lb
7-54
MD
0:
30 4 2
RA
MA
20 6
8 RA
45 kN
0:
8 RD
20 2
RD
30 4 6
95 kN
7-55*
MD
0:
250 10 5
1500 15
1000
20 RA
RA 1800 lb
MA
0:
20 RD
RD
1000
1500 5
250 10 15
2200 lb
7-56
MD
0:
10 9
10 6 3
RB
MB
6 RD
20 3
6 RB
20 9
35 kN
0:
10 3
10 6 3
RD
55 kN
7-57*
MC
0:
400 10 5
RB
MA
0:
10 RC
1000 2
10 RB
1000 12
1800 lb
400 10 5
RC
3200 lb
6 2
6 2
2 6
2 6
5.00 in.
3
6 3
4 1
3
3
4
136.0 in.
2 5
3
M max
From the moment diagram:

At the section where M
top
bottom
Mr y
I
top
bottom
4050 lb ft ,
2000 lb ft
4050 lb ft
4050 12 3
136.00
4050 12
136.00
1072 psi 1072 psi (C)
1787 psi 1787 psi (T)
2000 lb ft
2000 12 3
136.00
2000 12
136.00
529 psi 529 psi (T)

5
882 psi 882 psi (C)
max T
....................................... Ans.
max C
................................ Ans.
7-58*
ME
0:
3 2 7
RB
MB
5 4 2
3 2
6 RB
3 4
15.667 kN
0:
6 RE
3 2 1
RE
5 4 4
13.333 kN
M max
16.357 kN m ,
From Table B-2 for a W102 19 section :
Mr
S
16.357
89.5 10
6 kN m
89.5 103 mm3
182.8 106 N/m 2
182.8 MPa (T, bottom; C, top) ................................................................................. Ans.

Both stresses would be less at the section where M
6 kN m .
7-59
MD
0:
3 17.5
RA
MA
10 7.5
5 7.5
27.5 RA
10 20
5 35
3.2727 kip
0:
27.5 RD
RD
3 10
14.7272 kip
M max
35, 460 lb ft ,
37,500 lb ft
From Table B-3 for an S18 70 section :
IC
IP
10 1
926 2
12

top
926 in.4
10 1 9.5
2733 in.4
9 1 10 in. :
37.5 12 10
2733
Mr y
I

bottom
2c 18.00 in.
37.5 12
2733
1.647 ksi 1.647 ksi (T) ............................. Ans.
10 in. :
10
1.647 ksi 1.647 ksi (C) ...................................... Ans.
Both stresses would be less at the section where M
35, 460 lb ft .
7-60
MD
0:
30 4 6
40 2
8 RA
RA 100 kN
MA
0:
8 RD
RD
30 4 2
40 6
60 kN
M max
166.67 kN m
From Table B-6 for a C 254 45 channel :
IX
I
IC
2c
254.0 mm
42.9 106 mm 4
IP
2 42.9 10
250 25
12
250 25 139.5
329.4 106 mm 4
top
top
c 25 127 25 152 mm :
Mr y
I
bottom
329.4 10
76.9 106 N/m 2
76.9 MPa (C) ............................................................................................................. Ans.

top
166.67 103 0.152
Mr y
I
152 mm :
166.67 103
329.4 10
0.152
6
76.9 106 N/m 2
76.9 MPa (T) ......................................................................................................... Ans.
7-61
MB
0:
1000 12 6
RA
RB
6000 6
12 RA
9000 lb
M max
36 kip ft
From Table B-11 for a WT 8 25 section :
2c 8.130 in.
42.3 in.4
ybottom
Mr y
I
top
top
bottom
bottom
ytop
yC
d
1.89 in.
yC
36.0 12 1.89
42.3
6.24 in.
19.30 ksi
19.30 ksi (C) .............................................. Ans.

Mr y
I
36.0 12 6.24
42.3
63.7 ksi
63.7 ksi (T) ............................................ Ans.
7-62*
Fy
RA 3 0
0:
RA
MA
0:
3 kN
MA
MA
3 2
2 kN m
M max
1 kN m ,
3 kN m
wf
I
69.6 mm
ytop
1.17 106 mm 4
xC
ybottom
wf
3000
0.0542
6
1.17 10
1.17 10
1000
Therefore,
39.5 MPa (T)
139.0 106 N/m 2 139.0 MPa (C)
1.00 kN m :
1000 0.0154
bottom
54.2 mm
39.5 106 N/m 2
1.17 10
bottom
top
xC
3.00 kN m :
3000 0.0154
top
15.4 mm
0.0542
1.17 10
13.16 106 N/m 2

46.3 106 N/m 2
13.16 MPa (C)

46.3 MPa (T)
max T
46.3 MPa ................................................................................................... Ans.
max C
139.0 MPa ................................................................................................. Ans.
7-63
MC
0:
1.8 20
RA
RB
2.2 10
20 RA
2.90 kip
M max
11.00 kip ft
From Table B-15 for an 8 8-in. timber :
70.3 in.3
At the top and bottom of the timber:

max
max
Mr
S
11, 000 12
70.3
1878 psi
1878 psi (T, bottom; C, top) ........................ Ans.
7-64*
MD
0:
5 1
5 3
8 1.5 3.25
4 RA
5 3
RA 14.75 kN
MA
4 RD
0:
8 1.5 0.75
RD
5 1
7.25 kN
7-65*
MC
0:
w 3L 2 L
RB
MB
0:
w 3L 2 L
3wL 4
2 L RC
RC
2 LRB
3wL 4
The maximum moment occurs

where the shear force goes to zero,
Vr
wx 3L x
2
3wL
4
x 3L
M 2.121L
2.121L
w 3L 2.121L
6
3wL
1.121L
4
0.3107 wL2
M max
0.3107 wL2
From Table B-3 for an S15 50 section :
64.8 in.3
Therefore
0.3107 w 5 12
15 ksi
64.8
15 64.8
0.869 kip/in. 10.43 kip/ft ..................................................... Ans.
2
0.3107 5 12
M
S
7-66
For the complete structure:
MD
0:
RC
Fy
3RC
3 1.5
1.5 3 1.5
3.75 kN 3.75 kN
0:
RD
RD
1.5 3
3.75
3.75 kN 3.75 kN
For the member AB:
Fy
0:
VB
MB
0:
MB
VB
3 1.5
3 kN 3 kN
MB
4.5 kN m
4.5 kN m
For the member CD:
Fy
0:
3.75
VC
MC
0:
MC
0.75 kN
MC
1.5 3
VC
0.75 kN
1.5 3 1.5
4.5 kN m
3.75 3
4.5 kN m
7-67*
(a) For pipe AB:
MA
0:
64 By
By
Fy
16 27.5
48 27.5
27.5 lb
Ay
0:
Ay
27.5 27.5 27.5 0
27.5 lb
M max

1
From Table B-13 for a
440 lb in.
-in. diameter pipe:
0.041 in.3
Therefore
M
440
10, 732 psi
S 0.041
10.73 ksi (T, bottom; C top) ...................................................................................... Ans.
(b)
By
FBC sin
tan
FBC
By sin
ABC
3 16
BC
Fx
(c)
27.5 sin 28.673

2
FA
0:
Ax 57.314 cos 28.673
AA
A
FA
AA
2.08 ksi (T) .......................................................... Ans.

0
50.29 lb 50.29 lb
Ay2
14
28.673
4 0.02761 in.2
57.314
2076 psi
0.02761
Ax2
35 64
57.314 lb
FBC
ABC
Ax
50.29
27.5
57.32 lb
4 0.04909 in.2
57.32
0.04909
584 psi ............................................................................................ Ans.
7-68
MD
Fy
0:
1.5 RE
RD 50
0:
RD
MC
40 1.5 2 2.5
20 kN
0:
2 RB
40 1.5 2
MB
50 kN
80 1.5
1
2.75
20 1
215 kN
0:
2 RC
80 1.5
40 2
RC
0.75
20 3
35 kN 35 kN
(a)
Shear force and bending moment graphs are shown

to the right.
(b)
M max
From Table B-4 for an S 457 81 section :
max
RE
20 kN
40 2
RB
M
S
max
90, 000
1465 10
90 kN m
S 1465 103 mm3
61.4 106 N/m 2
61.4 MPa (T, top; C, bottom) ....................................................................... Ans.
7-69
MB
0:
4050 40 x
1010 30.5 x
RA
MA
40 RA
4820 126.5 x lb
0:
40 RB
4050 x
RB
1010 x 9.5
239.9 126.5 x lb
Note that the maximum moment occurs under one of the wheels
probably under the rear wheels C but possibly under the front
wheels D . Finding the position x which gives the maximum
moment under the rear wheels,
MC
RA x
dM C
dx
126.5 x 2
253x 4820
M C max
M C19.05
M C max
4820 x lb ft
0
x 19.05 ft
126.5 19.05
45,914 lb ft
4820 19.05
45.9 kip ft
Finding the position x which gives the maximum moment under the front wheels,
MD
RB 30.5 x
dM D
dx
M D max
M max
239.9 126.5 x 30.5 x
253x 3618
M D14.30
126.5 14.30
45,914 lb ft
126.5 x 2 3618 x 7317 lb ft

x 14.30 ft
3618 14.30
7317 33,186 lb ft
45.9 kip ft ............................................................................ Ans.
7-70*
mg 1500 9.81
(a)
MB
0:
P 10 x
0:
RB 10
RA x
dM
dx
Px
0.1Px kN
RB
(b)
RA 10
P 0.1Px kN
RA
MA
14, 715 N 14.715 kN
Px 0.1Px 2 kN m
P 0.2 Px
x 5.00 m ............................................................... Ans.
M max
M5
14.715 5
0.1 14.715 5
36.8 kN m
7-71
For the combined system of beams:
MH
0:
RA
MA
22.5 10
37.5 RA
6.00 kip 6.00 kip
0:
RH
37.5 RH 15 10
4.00 kip
4.00 kip
For the beam ABD:
MD
0:
5TBC 15 6
TBC
Fy
18.00 kip 18.00 kip (T)

6.00 18.00 10 RD
0:
RD
22.00 kip
22.00 kip
For the beam EGH:
ME
0:
TFG
Fy
15 4
5TFG
12.00 kip 12.00 kip (T)

4.00 12.00 RE
0:
RE
8.00 kip 8.00 kip
7-72*
MC
Fy
0:
0:
I
Qa
Qb
b
150 200
12
0
RB
5 kN 5 kN
5 VA
VA
5.00 kN 5.00 kN
100.0 106 mm 4
a
0 MPa ........................................ Ans.
yC A 75 150 50
VQ
It
b
Qc
4 RB
10 2
5000 562.5 10
100.0 10
0.150
187.5 103 N/m 2
187.5 kPa ............................................................... Ans.
yC A 50 150 100
VQ
It
562.5 103 mm3
750.0 103 mm3
5000 750.0 10
100.0 10
0.150
250 103 N/m 2
250 kPa ................................................................. Ans.
7-73*
(a)
8 12
12
Q2
yC A 5 8 2
VQ
It
(b)
Q3
QNA
max
4 8
12
981.3 in.4
80.0 in 3
142.7 psi .............................. Ans.
3.5 4 1
7000 94.0
981.3 4
5 8 2
VQ
It
7000 80.0
981.3 4
yC A 5 8 2
VQ
It
(c)
94.0 in 3
167.6 psi ................................................................................ Ans.
2 4 4
7000 112.0
981.3 4
112.0 in 3
199.7 psi (at neutral axis) .......................................... Ans.
7-74
MC
0:
RB
Fy
25 3
25 1
20.0 kN
20.0 kN
0:
VA
5 RB
20 25 VA
5.00 kN 5.00 kN
From Table B-2 for a W 254 89 section :
wf
(a)
QNA
max
max
(b)
Aw
avg
max
2c
tw 10.7 mm
t f 17.3 mm
260 mm
256 mm
yC A 121.35 256 17.3

VQ
It
5000 605.4 10
6
142 10
142 106 mm 4
56.35 112.7 10.7
605.4 103 mm3
0.0107
1.992 106 N/m 2
1.992 MPa ........................................................................Ans.

260 2 17.3
V
Aw
5000
2412 10
10.7
6
2412 mm 2
2.07 106 N/m 2
2.07 MPa ..........................................................................Ans.
7-75*
RB
Fy
1000 8 2
RC
0:
4000
Vr
1000 2
4000 lb
0
Vr
2000 lb
From Table B-11 for a WT 7 34 section :
ts
Q3
0.415 in.
yC A 2.865 5.73 0.415
VQ
It
2000 6.813
32.6 0.415
d 7.020 in.
32.6 in.4
yC
1.29 in.
6.813 in 3
1007 psi (at neutral axis) ................................................ Ans.
7-76
180 200
12
I
QJ
(a)
140 120
12
yC A 80 40 180
Vmax
RA
VQ
It
RB
99.84 106 mm 4
30 40 60
648 103 mm3
6 3.5 2 10.5 kN
10,500 576 10
99.84 10
0.040
1.514 106 N/m 2
1.514 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.

10,500 648 10
NA
576 103 mm3
yC A 80 40 180
QNA
(b)
99.84 10
0.040
1.721 106 N/m 2
1.721 MPa ................................ Ans.
7-77
MC
0:
8 RB 3 4000
RB
Fy
1500 lb 1500 lb
1500 VA
0:
VA
1500 lb 1500 lb
wf
VQ
It
max
(b)
5.810 in.
yC A 4.980 5.810 0.510
QNA
(a)
tw
tf
2c 10.47 in.
I 170 in.4
0.300 in.
0.510 in.
1500 18.105
170 0.300
2.3625 4.725 0.300
18.105 in 3
533 psi (at neutral axis) ............................................ Ans.
With the weight of the beam included:
w 30 lb/ft
MC
0:
2.5 30 11
RB
Fy
8 RB 3 4000
1397 lb 1397 lb
0:
1397
VA
max
30 4
VA
1517 lb 1517 lb
VQ
It
1517 18.105
170 0.300
539 psi (at neutral axis) ........................................... Ans.
7-78*
MA
0:
M A 2 20
MA
Fy
40.0 kN m
RA 20 0
0:
RA
20 kN
20 kN
2c
wf
210 mm
205 mm
60.8 106 mm 4
tw
tf
9.1 mm
14.2 mm
582 103 mm3
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Vmax
20 kN (full length of the beam)
M max
max
Mr
S
max
QNA
max
40.0 kN m (at the wall)

40, 000
582 10
68.7 106 N/m 2
68.7 MPa (T, top; C bottom) .....................................Ans.
yC A 97.9 205 14.2

VQ
It
max
45.4 90.8 9.1
20, 000 322.5 10

60.8 10
322.5 103 mm3
0.0091
11.66 106 N/m 2
11.66 MPa ........................................................................................................... Ans.
7-79*
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax
1160 lb
M max
2 6
12
1346 lb ft
2 3
I
40.5 in.4
12
(a) At the bottom of the beam 2.32 ft from the left support:
bh3
12
max
max
(b)
Mr y
I
1346 12
40.5
1196 psi
1196 psi (T) ...................................................... Ans.
At the left support:

NA
1.5
max
VQ
It
1160 0.75 1.5 2
VQ
It
1160 2.25 1.5 2
1.5
1.5 3 2
40.5 4
40.5 4
80.6 psi
96.7 psi
96.7 psi (1.5 in. above and below NA) .................................................... Ans.
7-80
MB
0:
9 2.5 6
RA
Fy
0.5 6
3 RA
9.0 kN
9 6 6 RB
0:
RB
3.0 kN
Vmax
QJ
J
(b)
QNA
NA
(c)
M max
100 240
12
I
(a)
9.0 kN
max
max
115.2 106 mm 4
475 103 mm3
yC A 95 100 50
VQ
It
9000 475 10
115.2 10
0.100
9000 720 10
115.2 10
M max c
I
371 103 N/m 2
371 kPa ............................... Ans.
720 103 mm3
yC A 60 100 120
VQ
It
10.5 kN m
0.100
10,500 0.120
115.2 10
563 103 N/m 2
563 kPa ............................. Ans.
10.94 106 N/m 2
10.94 MPa (T, bottom; C, top) ............................................................................ Ans.
7-81
MB
0:
250 4 2 2
RA
RB
4 RA
250 lb
Vmax
250 lb
bh3
12
max
max
The results for
333.3 lb ft
8 0.5
0.08333 in.4
12
333.3 12 0.25
M rc
11,999 psi
0.08333
I
max
QNA
M max
12.00 ksi (T, bottom; C, top) ........................................................................ Ans.
yC A
0.125 8 0.25
VQ
It
250 0.25
0.08333 8
max
0.25 in.3
93.8 psi (at neutral axis) ............................................. Ans.
are worthless since w d
16 and Eq. 7-12 gives useful results only when w d 1 .
7-82*
RA
RB
4 6 2 12.0 kN
Vmax
12.0 kN
M max
d
V0.5 12.0 4 0.5
18.0 kN m
225
V1.0
250 50
125
250 50
12.0 4 1
10.0 kN
8.0 kN
50 150
25
50 150
150 25
150 25
143.18 mm
150 143.18
3
I NA
100 93.18
3
250 106.82
3
(a)
QTJ
TJ
QBJ
200 56.82
3
VQ
It
8000 1022.8 10
209.1 10
(c)
QNA
209.1 10
886.4 103 mm3

6
28.41 56.82 50
12, 000 1103.5 10

max
(d)
max
max
209.1 10
M max c
I
848 103 N/m 2
0.050
81.82 250 50
783 kPa ......................................Ans.
10, 000 886.4 10

BJ
209.1 106 mm 4
0.050
783 103 N/m 2
118.18 150 50
1022.8 103 mm3
yC A 81.82 250 50
TJ
(b)
1103.5 103 mm3
1267 103 N/m 2
0.050
18, 000
848 kPa ...................................... Ans.
0.14318
209.1 10
1267 kPa .............................. Ans.
12.33 106 N/m 2
12.33 MPa (T) .......................................................................................................... Ans.
7-83
MB
0:
200 6 6
RA
Fy
600 3
9 RA
600 lb 600 lb
0:
600
RB
200 6
RB 600 0
1200 1200 lb
Vmax
5 6
12
I
(a)
QJ
J
(b)
QNA
max
(c)
600 lb
max
max
3 4
12
M max
3
74.0 in.4
12.5 in 3
yC A 2.5 5 1
VQ
It
600 12.5
74.0 2
2.5 5 1
M rc
I
50.7 psi ................................. Ans.
2 1 2 1
600 16.5
74.0 2
900 lb ft
16.5 in 3
66.9 psi (at NA) .......................... Ans.
900 12 3
74.0
438 psi
438 psi (T & C) ....................................................................................................... Ans.
7-84
RA
RB
4.5w 2
2.25w N
Vmax
2.25w N
150 300
12
QNA
(a)
M max
3
337.5 106 mm 4
1687.5 103 mm3
yC A 75 150 150
2.25w 1687.5 10
max
2.53w N m
337.5 10
75.00w
0.150
75.00w 825 103 N/m 2
max
w 11, 000 N/m 11.00 kN/m .................................................................................. Ans.

(b)
V2
RA wx
2.25 11, 000
Q2
125 150 50
(c)
M max
max
max
337.5 10
18,150 N
937.5 103 mm3
18,150 937.5 10
H
11, 000 0.6
336 103 N/m 2
0.150
336 kPa .......................................................................................................................... Ans.

2.53 11, 000
Mr y
I
27,830 N m
27,830
0.150
337.5 10
12.37 106 N/m 2
12.37 MPa ................................................................................................................. Ans.
7-85*
RA
V
(a)
1000 2 500 lb 500 lb
constant
3
500 lb
6 12
12
QJ
yC A 5 6 2
FJ
(b)
RB
VQ
It
J
AJ
4 8
12
500 60.0
693.3 2
693.3 in.4
60.0 in 3
21.636 psi
21.636 12 2
519.3 lb
FJ
519 lb ........................................................................... Ans.
FJ FN
519.3 100 5.19 nails
s 12 5.19
2.13 in.
Use 6 nails spaced 2 in. apart in a 12-in. length. ......................................................... Ans.
7-86*
7.41 106 mm 4
I
xC
A 11, 030 mm 2
21.9 mm
tw 17.8 mm
For the beam:
2 7.41 106
QNA
V
(a)
yC A 21.9 11, 030

constant
NA
VQ
It
FB
NA
25.40 106 mm 4
241.6 103 mm3
20, 000 241.6 10

25.40 10
AS 2
0.4572
416 kPa
416.1 103 0.4572 0.300 2 28.5 103 N
FB
28.5 kN ................................................................................................................... Ans.
FB
AB
28,540
d2 4
d
20 kN
416 103 N/m 2
NA
(b)
11, 030 21.9
FB
dtw
d
60 106 N/m 2
0.02461 m 24.61 mm
28,540
125 106 N/m 2
d 0.0178
0.01283 m 12.83 mm
Therefore
d min
24.6 mm ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-87
I
wf
2c 18.59 in.
1750 in.4
11.145 in.
For the beam:
M
x
4600 2300
115 kip
20
10 0.5
1750 2
12
I
QJ
J
FJ
N
10 0.50 9.545
yC A 9.545 10 0.50
VQ
It
J
FJ
FW
AJ
115 47.73
2661 10
41, 260
2 2400
2661 in.4
47.73 in 3
0.2063 ksi
206.3 20 10
206.3 psi
41, 260 lb
8.596
Use 5 welds on each side. .................................................................................................. Ans.
7-88
RA
RB
125 2 62.5 kN
2c 304.8 mm
260 15
12
62.5 kN
67.4 106 mm 4
wf
constant
80.5 mm
For the beam:
260 15 159.9
2 67.4 106
QJ
334.4 106 mm 4
623.6 103 mm3
yC A 159.9 260 15
62,500 623.6 10
334.4 10
2 0.0805
723.9 103 N/m 2
FJ
AJ
723.9 103 2 0.0805s
FB
AB
2 150 106
Since FB
0.020
116.55s 103 N
4
94.248 103 N
FJ
s
94.248
116.55
0.809 m 809 mm ...................................................................................... Ans.
7-89*
RA
RB
125 2 62.5 kip 62.5 kip
2c
I
wf
21.36 in.
constant
62.5 kip
2420 in.4
12.290 in.
For the beam:
16 0.75
2420 2
12
QJ
J
Since FB
16 0.75 11.055
yC A 11.055 16 0.75
132.66 in 3
62,500 132.66
5354 12.290
126.01 psi
VQ
It
FJ
AJ
126.01 12.290 s
FB
AB
2 17,500
FJ
15, 463
1548.6
0.75
5354 in.4
1548.6 s lb
2
15, 463 lb
9.985 in. 10.00 in. ...................................Ans.
7-90
RA
RB
96 2 48 kN
A 9485 mm 2
xC
20.3 mm
constant
48 kN
4.58 106 mm 4
tw 18.2 mm
A 15,550 mm 2
367 106 mm 4
wf
2c 363 mm
257 mm
For the beam:
(a)
360.9 9485
9485
Mx
A
367 106
QJ
111.4 9485
VQ
It
FB
(b)
d min
15,550 68
181.5 15,550
15,550
2
9485 111.4
561.2 106 mm 4
1056.6 103 mm3
48, 000 1056.6 10

561.2 10
AS 2
4.58 106
249.5 mm
0.257
351.6 103 N/m 2
351.64 103 0.257 0.500 2 22,593 N
FB
22.6 kN ................................................................................................................... Ans.
FB
AB
22,593
d2 4
60 106 N/m 2
0.02190 m
21.9 mm ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-91
3
I
4 in.
y
Q
8 12
12
4 in. :
4 8
981.33 in.4
12
t 4 in.
yC A 5 8 2
VQ
It
4 y
2 4 y
112 2 y 2 in.3
7500 116 2 y 2
981.33 4
3.8213 56 y 2 psi
6 in.
y
t
4 in. and 4 in.
6 in. :
8 in.
yC A
6 y
8 6 y
2
144 4 y 2 in.3
VQ
It
7500 144 4 y 2
981.33 8
3.8213 36 y 2 psi
7-92
MB
0:
3 2 3
RA
Fy
Vr
4.5 kN
0:
4.5
Vr
3 .5
3.0 kN
Mx
A
4 RA
100
200 25
212.5
200 25
3
25 137.5
100 87.5
3
3
6
4
37.89 10 mm
137.5 mm
Q
y
yC A
VQ
It
62.5 mm :
100 25
3
75 62.5
3
3000
12.5 137.52
37.89 10
137.5 mm
25 mm
137.5 y
25 137.5 y
2
39.59 137.52
62.5 mm
100 25
12.5 137.52
y 2 10
y 2 mm3
0.025
y 2 N/m 2
87.5 mm :
t 100 mm
87.5 y
100 87.5 y
2
50 87.52 y 2 mm3
yC A
3000
50 87.52
37.89 10
39.59 87.52
y 2 10
0.100
y 2 N/m 2
7-93
Mx
A
8 1.4
3
6 2
6 2
3
6 0.6
3
4 1
4 1
1 2.6
3
4 1
4 1
3
1 2.6
3
1.400 in.
19.467 in.4
By symmetry, each support carries half the total load
RA
Fy
RB
360 18 2 3240 lb
0:
3240
Vr
1.4 in.
360 2
0.6 in. :
8 in.
yC A
1.4 y
8 1.4 y
2
4 1.42
y 2 in.3
y 2 psi
2.6 in.
yC A 2
2.62
VQ
It
y2
19.467 8
64.725 1.42
y
4 1.42
2520
VQ
It
2520 lb
0.6 in.
Vr
2 in.
2.6 y
1 2.6 y
2
y 2 in.3
2520 2.62
y2
19.467 2
64.725 2.62
y 2 psi
7-94*
MB
0:
2 RC
RC
Fy
VA
MA
MA
14 0.6
75 100
12
8400
Mr y
I
QA
14
8.40 kN m
80 120
12
A
VA
14 kN 14 kN
0:
14.0 kN
0:
M cut
20 1.4
5.270 106 mm 4
0.050
5.270 10
14, 000 44.0 10

5.270 10
79.70 MPa (T)
44.0 103 mm3
yC A 55 80 10
VQ
It
79.70 106 N/m 2
23.38 106 N/m 2
0.005
23.38 MPa
2
x
p1, p 2
p1
2
xy
79.70 0
2
Since
79.70 0
2
23.38
p1
39.85 46.20 MPa

39.85 46.20 86.05 MPa
p2
39.85 46.20
p3
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
and
max
p2
6.35 MPa (C) .................................................. Ans.
have opposite signs:

p1
1
tan
2
6.350 MPa
86.1 MPa (T) ....................................................... Ans.
2
x
p2
xy
y
2 46.2 MPa ............................................................................ Ans.

1
tan
2
2 23.38
79.70
0
15.20 ,
74.80 ........................ Ans.
7-95*
Fy
VA 50 0
0:
M cut
0:
MA
10 15
12
50 40
QA
MA
50 kip
2000 kip in.
70.0 in 3
yC A 7 10 1
50.0 70.0
1073.2 0.5
VQ
It
50 kip
9.5 13
1073.2 in.4
12
2000 6.5
12.113 ksi 12.113 ksi (T)
1073.2
Mr y
I
VA
6.523 ksi
2
x
p1, p 2
p1
2
xy
12.113 0
2
12.113 0
2
Since
6.523
6.057 8.901 ksi
p1
6.057 8.901 14.958 ksi 14.96 ksi (T) ......................................................... Ans.
p2
6.057 8.901
p3
0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
and
max
p2
2.84 ksi (C) .......................................................... Ans.

p1
1
tan
2
2.844 ksi
2
x
p2
xy
y
2 8.90 ksi ................................................................................ Ans.

1
tan
2
2 6.523
12.113
0
23.56 ,
66.44 ...................... Ans.
7-96
RB
RC
0.5 P
VA
On a section through A:
0.5 P N
MA
250 350
12
QA
A
Mr y
I
0.5 P N m
235 300
12
0.5P
364.5 10
max
p1
0.015
205.8 P 0
2
205.8 P N/m 2
1015.6 103 mm3
0.5P 1015.6 10
364.5 10
364.5 106 mm 4
0.150
yC A 162.5 250 25
VQ
It
92.88 P N/m 2
205.8 P 0
2
241.52 P 120 106 N/m 2
max
205.8P 0
2
92.88P
92.88 P
P
2
497 103 N
138.62 P 75 106 N/m 2
P 541 103 N
Therefore
Pmax
497 kN .......................................................................................................... Ans.
7-97
MC
3P 8 RB
RB
0.375P lb
0.375P VA
VA
0.375 P lb
0:
Fy
0:
M cut
0:
MA
6 8
12
QA
0.75 P lb ft
yC A 3.5 6 1
0.09783 psi
26.0 in 3
2 2.5 1 1
0.375 P 26.0
184.0 2
VQ
It
MA
4 6
184.0 in.4
12
0.75P 12 2
184.0
Mr y
I
0.375P 2
0.02649 P psi
2
x
p1, p 2
0.09783 0
2
2
xy
0.09783 0
2
0.02649 P
0.04892 P 0.05563P psi

p1
0.04892 P 0.05563P psi
0.00671P psi (T)
p2
0.04892 P 0.05563P psi
0.10455P psi
P 3826 lb
from which:
Since
p1
and
max
p2
p

p1
p2
2 0.05563P psi
200 psi
P 3595 lb
from which:
Therefore
400 psi
Pmax
3595 lb 3.60 kip ......................................................................................... Ans.
7-98*
Fy
1290 106 mm 4
4230 103 mm3
wf
0:
RA
MA
0:
RA
160 3
480 kN
480 kN
MA
MA
tw 12.7 mm
611 mm
324 mm
tf
19.1 mm
160 3 1.5
720 kN m
2c
720 kN m
Vmax
480 kN
M max
720 kN m
At the top of the beam (at the support):
M
S
max
max
max
720 103
4230 10
170.21 106 N/m 2 170.21 MPa (T)
2 170.21 2 85.11 MPa
At the junction of the flange and the web (at the support):
QJ
1832 103 mm3
yC A 296 324 19.1

My
I
720 103 0.2864
VQ
It
480, 000 1832 10
1290 10
1290 10
max
max
p1
159.85 106 N/m 2 159.85 MPa (T)
6
6
53.67 106 N/m 2
0.0127
159.85 0
2
159.85 0
2
53.67
53.67 MPa
79.93 96.27 176.2 MPa (T)
96.27 MPa
At the neutral axis (at the support):
QNA
296 324 19.1
143.2 286.4 12.7
480, 000 2353 10

max
max
1290 10
2353 103 mm3
0.0127
68.94 106 N/m 2
68.94 MPa
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the junction of the flange and the web (at the support):
max
max
176.2 MPa (T) .......................................................................................................... Ans.

96.3 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-99*
984 in.4
S 108 in.
2c 18.24 in.
wf
7.555 in.
tw
0.415 in.
tf
0.695 in.
From symmetry:
RA
RB
36 2 16 kip 16 kip
Vmax
18 kip
M max
180 kip ft
At the bottom of the beam (at midspan):
180 12
108
M
S
max
max
max
20.0 ksi
20.0 ksi (T)
2 20.0 2 10.00 ksi
At the junction of the flange and the web (at midspan):
QJ
yC A 8.773 7.555 0.695
180 12 8.425
984
My
I
18 46.06
984 0.415
VQ
It
p1
max
max
46.06 in.3
18.494 0
2
18.494 ksi
2.030 ksi
18.494 0
2
2.030
9.247 9.467 18.71 ksi

9.467 ksi
p
At the neutral axis (at midspan):
QNA
max
8.773 7.555 0.695

max
18 60.79
984 0.415
4.213 8.425 0.415
60.79 in.3
2.680 ksi
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the top and bottom surfaces (at midspan):
max
max
20.0 ksi (T, bottom; C, top) ................................................................................. Ans.

10.00 ksi ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-100
0:
RA
RA
P N
Fy
MA
0:
P N
M A 3P
MA
3P N m
3P N m
Vmax
P N
M max
3P N m
222 106 mm 4
tw
S 1440 103 mm3
2c 308 mm
9.9 mm
wf
305 mm
tf
15.4 mm
At the top of the beam (at the support):
3P
M
S
max
1440 10
2083P N/m 2
max
max
2083P
2
1042 P N/m 2
At the junction of the flange and the web (at the support):
QJ
687.1 103 mm3
yC A 146.3 305 15.4

3P 0.1386
My
I
222 10
P 687.1 10
VQ
It
222 10
p1
max
max
1873P N/m 2
312.6 P N/m 2
0.0099
1873P 0
2
1873P 0
2
1873P 0
2
312.6 P
312.6 P
1924 P N/m 2
987 P N/m 2
At the neutral axis (at the support):
QNA 146.3 305 15.4
69.3 138.6 9.9
P 782.3 10
max
max
222 10
782.3 103 mm3
0.0099
356 P N/m 2
Therefore, at the top (at the support):

max
max
Pmax
2083P N/m 2 125 106 N/m 2

1042 P N/m 2
75 106 N/m 2
P 60.0 103
60.0 kN
P 72.0 103
72.0 kN
60.0 kN ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-101
From symmetry:
RA
RB
P 2
0.5 P kip
Vmax
0.5P kip
M max
4.5P kip ft
54 P kip in.
I 1550 in.4
d 2c 23.74 in.
w f 7.040 in.
S 131 in.3
tw 0.430 in.
t f 0.590 in.
M
S
max
54 P
131
0.4122 P ksi
max
0.4122 P
2
max
0.2061P ksi
At the junction of the bottom flange and the web (at midspan):
QJ
yC A 11.575 7.040 0.590
My
I
0.5 P 48.08
1550 0.430
VQ
It
max
max
54 P 11.28
1550
p1
0.3930 P ksi
0.03607 P ksi
0.3930 P 0
2
0.3930 P 0
2
48.08 in.3
0.3930 P 0
2
2
0.03607 P
0.03607 P
2
0.3963P ksi
0.1998P ksi
QNA 11.575 7.040 0.590
0.5 P 75.43
1550 0.430
5.64 11.28 0.430
75.43 in.3
0.05659 P ksi
max
max
max
0.4122 P ksi 18 ksi
43.7 kip
0.2061P ksi 10 ksi
48.5 kip
Therefore:
max
Pmax
43.7 kip ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-102*
(a)
RA
RB
Vmax
700 2 350 kN
350 kN
M max
350 1.5
574 10
mm
2c 368 mm
3115 103 mm3
tw 15.0 mm
525 kN m
wf
373 mm
tf
23.9 mm
M
S
max
max
max
525 103
3115 10
168.54 106 N/m 2 168.54 MPa (T)
2 168.54 2 84.27 MPa
QJ
1533.8 103 mm3
yC A 172.05 373 23.9

My
I
0.1601
574 10
350, 000 1533.8 10
VQ
It
574 10
max
max
525 103
p1
62.35 106 N/m 2
0.0150
146.43 0
2
146.43 0
2
146.43 106 N/m 2 146.43 MPa (T)
146.43 0
2
2
62.34
62.34
62.35 MPa
169.38 MPa (T)
96.17 MPa
QNA 172.05 373 23.9
80.05 160.1 15
350, 000 1726.0 10

max
max
574 10
0.0150
1726.0 103 mm3
70.16 106 N/m 2
70.16 MPa
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the junction of the flange and the web (at midspan):
max
max
169.4 MPa (T & C) ................................................................................................. Ans.

96.2 MPa .................................................................................................................... Ans.

7-102
(cont.)
(b)
RA
Vmax
RB
350 2 175 kN
175 kN
M max
175 3
525 kN m

max
max
M
S
max
525 103
3115 10
168.54 106 N/m 2 168.54 MPa (T)
2 168.54 2 84.27 MPa
525 103
0.1601
574 10
175, 000 1533.8 10

574 10
max
max
p1
146.43 106 N/m 2 146.43 MPa (T)
0.0150
146.43 0
2
146.43 0
2
31.17 106 N/m 2

146.43 0
2
31.17
175, 000 1726.0 10
31.17
31.17 MPa
2
152.8 MPa (T)
79.57 MPa

max
max
574 10
0.0150
35.08 106 N/m 2
35.08 MPa
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the top and bottom surfaces at midspan:
max
max
168.5 MPa (T, bottom; C, top) ............................................................................ Ans.

84.3 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-103
(a)
RA
RB
Vmax
160 2 80 kip
80 kip
M max
80 4
320 kip ft
I 1380 in.4
d 2c 14.48 in.
S 190 in.3
t f 0.940 in.
tw
wf
0.590 in.
14.67 in.
M
S
max
320 12
190
20.21 ksi (T)
max
max
20.21
10.11 ksi
2
QJ
yC A 6.77 14.67 0.940
My
I
6.30
80 93.36
1380 0.590
VQ
It
max
max
320 112
1380
p1
17.53 ksi (T)
9.173 ksi
17.530 0
2
17.530 0
2
93.36 in.3
17.530 0
2
2
9.173
9.173
21.45 ksi (T)
12.687 ksi
QNA
max
6.77 14.67 0.940

max
80 105.07
1380 0.590
3.15 6.30 0.590
105.07 in.3
10.324 ksi
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the junction of the flange and the web (at midspan):
max
max
21.5 ksi (T & C) ...................................................................................................... Ans.

12.69 ksi ...................................................................................................................... Ans.

7-103
(cont.)
(b)
RA RA 80 2 40 kip
Vmax 40 kip
M max
40 8
320 kip ft

max
320 12
190
M
S
20.21 ksi (T)
max
max
20.21
10.11 ksi
2
320 12 6.30
1380
max
max
p1
40 93.36
1380 0.590
17.53 ksi (T)
17.530 0
2
17.530 0
2
17.530 0
2
2
4.587
4.587
4.587 ksi
18.66 ksi (T)
9.893 ksi

max
max
40 105.07
1380 0.590
5.162 ksi
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the top and bottom surfaces at midspan:
max
max
20.2 ksi (T & C) ...................................................................................................... Ans.

10.11 ksi ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-104*
IZ
IY
M ry
(a)
90 90
3
60 90
Iy
12
20sin10
Iz
M rz
20 cos10
tan
M rY I Z
M rZ IY
67.36
(b)
At point A ( y
At point B ( y
55.08 106 mm 4
19.696 kN m
3.473 55.08
19.696 4.05
67.36
M rY Z A
IY
90 mm and z
M rZ YB
IZ
30 150
3
3
66.5 106 N/m 2
180 30
4.05 106 mm 4
12
3.473 kN m
150 mm and z
M rZ YA
IZ
60 30
3
M rY Z B
IY
70.8 106 N/m 2
2.398
.........................................Ans.
15 mm ):
19, 696
55.08 10
0.150
6
3473
0.015
4.05 10
66.5 MPa (C) ................................................................. Ans.

45 mm ):
19, 696
55.08 10
0.090
6
3473
0.045
4.05 10
70.8 MPa (T) ................................................................. Ans.
7-105*
IZ
4 6
12
Iz
3 4
12
IY
M ry
(a)
(b)
4 1
11.0 in.4
12
6.00 kip in.
M rz
10 cos 36.87
tan
M rY I Z
M rZ IY
At point A ( y
At point B ( y
M rY Z A
IY
3 in. and z
M rZ YB
IZ
B
75.32
3.818
.............................................................................................. Ans.
2 in. ):
8.00 3
56.0
6.00 2
11.0
1.519 ksi 1.519 ksi (T) ................................................................................ Ans.
8.00 kip in.
6.00 56.0
8.00 11.0
3 in. and z
M rZ YA
IZ
56.0 in 4
3
2 4
Iy
12
10sin 36.87
75.32
M rY Z B
IY
2 in. ):
8.00
56.0
6.00 2
11.0
1.519 ksi 1.519 ksi (C) ................................................................................ Ans.

7-106
(a) At point A ( y
90 mm and z
I y y I yz z
I yz
tan
6.05
4.02
Iy
56.40
(c)
At point B ( y
I y Iz
I yz2
At point D ( y
90 mm and z
I y y I yz z
D
I yIz
D
M rz
103.5 106 N/m 2
I yz2
M rz
6.05 85
6.05
10 9
10 12
8000
40.3 MPa (T) ...............................Ans.
1.5050
90 mm and z
90
4.02 16.64
56.40
I y y I yz z
85 mm ):
4.02
M rz
40.3 106 N/m 2
(b)
I yz2
I yIz
...........................................................Ans.
5 mm ):
4.02
90
4.02 16.64
6.05
6.05
5
2
10 9
10 12
8000
103.5 MPa (C) ............................................................. Ans.

5 mm ):
4.02
90
4.02 16.64
6.05
6.05
5
2
10 9
10 12
8000
103.5 106 N/m 2 103.5 MPa (T) ............................................................. Ans.

7-107
(a) At point A ( y
5.63 in. and z

I y y I yz z
89.0
5.63
52.5
89.0 89.0
6.56 ksi
(b)
I yz
tan
30.54
(c)
At point B ( y
2.37 in. and z
I y Iz
2
yz
At point D ( y
M rz
5.63 in. and z
I y y I yz z
I yIz
D
7.50 12
.............................................................................................. Ans.
2.37 in. ):
89.0
2.37
89.0 89.0
52.5
52.5
2.37
2
7.50 12
5.84 ksi 5.84 ksi (C) .................................................................................... Ans.
52.5
0.5899
30.54
I y y I yz z
2.37
6.56 ksi (T) ................................... Ans.
52.5
89.0
Iy
2.37 in. ):
M rz
I yz2
I yIz
2
yz
7.48 ksi
M rz
1.37 in. ):
89.0
5.63
89.0 89.0
52.5
52.5
1.37
2
7.50 12
7.48 ksi (T) .................................................................................... Ans.
7-108*
Iy
180 90
36
3.645 106 mm 4
Iz
(a)
I y y I yz z
A
I yz2
I yIz
3.645
60
0 N/m 2
(b)
I yz
tan
45.00
(c)
At point B ( y
3.645
I y Iz
I yz2
At point D ( y
60 mm and z
I y y I yz z
D
I yIz
D
M rz
16.46 106 N/m 2
I yz2
10 9
10 12
2000
1.000
120 mm and z
60
3.645
45.00
I y y I yz z
3.645 106 mm 4
0 MPa ........................................................Ans.
3.645
3.645
Iy
14.580 106 mm 4
M rz
3.645 14.580
A
180 90
I yz
72
60 mm and z
60 mm ):
At point A ( y
90 180
36
M rz
.............................................................................................. Ans.
30 mm ):
3.645
120
3.645 14.580
3.645
30
3.645
10 9
10 12
2000
16.46 MPa (C) ............................................................. Ans.

30 mm ):
3.645
60
3.645 14.580
3.645
30
3.645
10 9
10 12
2000
16.46 106 N/m 2 16.46 MPa (T) ............................................................. Ans.
7-109*
(a)
6 1.5
3
Iy
Iz
2 3.5
3
I yz
2 4 1.5 0.5
At point A ( y
4 0.5
3
4 2.5
3
I y y I yz z
I yIz
I yz
tan
Iy
34.70
(c)
At point B ( y
49.33 in.4
1.5
0.5
12.00 in.4
1.50 in. ):
3.50
17.33 49.33
12.00
12.00
1.50
2
50
12.00
17.33
0.6924
34.70
..................................................................................................... Ans.
I y y I yz z
I yIz
I yz2
4.69 ksi
At point D ( y
M rz
I yIz
2
yz
4.31 ksi
0.50 in. ):
17.33
3.50
17.33 49.33
12.00
12.00
0.50
2
50
4.69 ksi (T) .................................................................................... Ans.
2.50 in. and z
I y y I yz z
17.33
M rz
3.50 in. and z
2 0.5
3
17.33 in.4
3.00 ksi 3.00 ksi (T) ..................................................................................... Ans.
(b)
2
yz
2 4
3.50 in. and z
2 2.5
3
M rz
1.50 in. ):
17.33
2.50
17.33 49.33
12.00
12.00
1.50
2
50
4.31 ksi (C) ..................................................................................... Ans.
7-110
IZ
50 300
12
112.50 106 mm 4
Mr y
I
For symmetric bending:
IY
M
300 50
12
0.150
112.50 10
3.125 106 mm 4
1333.3M N/m 2
For non-symmetric bending:
M rZ Y
IZ
M rY Z
IY
M cos 3
0.150
112.50 10
1750.2 1333.3
100
1333.3
M sin 3
0.025
3.125 10
1750.2 M N/m 2
31.3% .............................................................................. Ans.
7-111
M rZ Y
IZ
M rY Z
IY
hb3
12
IY
M rY
M cos
max
For
bh 12
h2
M sin
IZ
M sin
b2
3
hb 12
6M
b cos
b2 h2
bh3
12
M rZ
M cos
h sin
6M
b sin
h cos
0
d
b2 h2
b sin
h cos
h
12
tan 1
tan 1
63.43 .................................................................................. Ans.
b
6
2000 psi :
max
b2 h2
h sin
6 b cos
M
6 12 2000
6 6 cos 63.43 12sin 63.43
128.8 103 lb in. 128.8 kip in. .................................................................... Ans.
7-112*
140 20
120 20
Iy
20 140
12
20 10
3
140 80
3
Iz
120 20
12
I y y I yz z
I yz2
20 70
3
6800 7.06
120 60
3
6.61 106 mm 4
80 80
3
6800 12.36
60 20 70 40
I y Iz
6800 mm 2
60 60
3
I yz
80 20
23.5 106 mm 4
6.61 y
M rz
3.95 z
6.61 23.5
3.95
946.1 106 y 565.4 106 z N/m 2

(a)
At point A ( y
A
(b)
tan
I yz
Iy
30.86
(b)
At point B ( y
B
3.95
6.61
30.86
565.4
20, 000
946.1y 565.4 z MPa
62.94 mm ):
62.94
32.9 MPa
32.9 MPa (C) ............... Ans.
..................................................................................................... Ans.
565.4
92.36 mm and z
946.1 92.36
10 9
10 12
0.5976
67.64 mm and z
946.1 67.64
At point D ( y
B
72.36 mm and z
946.1 72.36
3.95 106 mm 4
6800 7.06 12.36
565.4
62.94 mm ):
62.94
99.6 MPa
99.6 MPa (T) ............. Ans.
17.06 mm ):
17.06
97.0 MPa
97.0 MPa (C) ............... Ans.
7-113*
Iy
6 3
36
4.50 in.4
3 6
36
Iz
2
M ry
10sin 26.57
M rz
10 cos 26.57
8.944 kip in.
M rz I y
M ry I yz
I yIz
2
yz
8.944 4.50
M ry I z
M rz I yz
I yIz
4.473
4.50 18.00
18.00 in.4
6 3
4.50 in.4
72
4.473 kip in.
I yz
4.50
I yz2
4.50
2
4.473 18.00
8.944
4.50 18.00
4.50
4.50
2
0.3312 y 0.6628 z ksi

(a)
At point A ( y
A
0.3312
At point B ( y
B
(b)
tan
2 in. and z
0.3312
At point D ( y
D
4 in. and z
2 in. and z
0.3312
M ry I z
M rz I yz
M rz I y
M ry I yz
63.45
63.45
1 in. ):
0.6628
1.988 ksi 1.988 ksi (T) ........................ Ans.
1.988 ksi 1.988 ksi (C) ........................ Ans.
0.0004 ksi
2 in. ):
0.6628
1 in. ):
0.6628
4.473 18.00
8.944 4.50
8.944
4.473
0 ksi ..................................... Ans.
4.50
4.50
2.001
..................................................................................................... Ans.
7-114
M rZ Y
IZ
(a)
M rY Z
IY
hb3
12
IY
M rY
M cos
max
(b)
6M
b2 h2
max
d
When h
IY
tan
M sin
tan
b2
hb 12
b sin
1
h cos
2b b3
12
tan 1 8.00
M rZ
M cos
h sin
b sin
h cos
............... Ans.
h b ......................................................................................................... Ans.
tan
IZ
tan
IY
bh3
12
6M
b cos
b2 h2
2b :
hb3
12
M sin
bh 12
Therefore
(c)
h2
IZ
b4
6
IZ
2b 4 3
tan 63.43
b4 6
82.87
82.87
bh3
12
b 2b
12
63.43
3
63.43
2b 4
3
8.00
.............................................................................. Ans.
7-115
M ry
20sin 36.87
12.00 kip in.
M rz
20 cos 36.87
16.00 kip in.
M rz I y
M ry I yz
I yIz
2
yz
16.00 8.83
M ry I z
M rz I yz
I yz2
I yIz
12.00 11.3
8.83 25.4
11.3
12.00 25.4
16.00 11.3
8.83 25.4
11.3
2.8665 y 5.0273 z ksi

(a)
At point A ( y
A
(b)
tan
3 in. and z
2.8665
M ry I z
M rz I yz
M rz I y
M ry I yz
60.31
(c)
At point B ( y
B
3 in. and z
2.8665
At point D ( y
D
60.31
3
3 in. and z
2.8665
3.3125 in. ):
5.0273
3.3125
12.00 25.4
16.00 8.83
8.05 ksi 8.05 ksi (T) .................. Ans.
16.00 11.3
12.00 11.3
1.7538
..................................................................................................... Ans.
0.1875 in. ):
5.0273
0.1875
9.54 ksi 9.54 ksi (T) .................. Ans.
0.1875 in. ):
5.0273
0.1875
9.54 ksi 9.54 ksi (C) .................. Ans.
7-116*
K t Mc
I
w
h
From Fig. 7-34:
20 60
12
I
Kt c
75
1.25
60
K t 1.70
r
h
6
60
0.10
360 103 mm 4
80 106 360 10
1.70 0.030
565 N m ............................................................. Ans.
7-117*
w
h
For K t
38
1.50
14
1.40 Fig. 7-34 gives

r
0.25 1 4
r h
0.25
0.0625 in. .................................................................................................. Ans.
7-118
M D2
D 4 64
Mc
I
MR d 2
d 4 64
32M R K t
d3
100
1.25
80
r
d
Kt
D
d
32 M
D3
From Fig. 7-34:
%R
M
D3
MR
M
d 3 Kt
D3
%R
1 1.25
1.90
D3
32
MR
d3
32 K t
8
0.10
80
K t 1.90
D 3 32
100
d 3 32 K t
D 3 32
100
d D
Kt
100
100
100
73.0% ................................................................................ Ans.
7-119
M h2
Bh3 12
Mc
I
Kt
d
r
MR h 2
bh3 12
6M
Bh 2
Bh 2
6
6M R Kt
bh 2
MR
bh 2
6 Kt
1 16
1.00
1 16
1 16
58
r
b
Kt
From Fig. 7-34:
%R
M
B
%R
MR
M
100
0.625 0.75
2.30
2.30
Bh 2 6
100
b Kt
B
0.10
bh 2 6 K t
Bh 2 6
1
100
b B
Kt
100
100
63.8% ........................................................................ Ans.
7-120*
M h2
bh3 12
Mc
I
6M
bh 2
MR h 2
Kt
b d h3 12
h
d
200
25
8.00
6M R Kt
b d h2
%R
%R
MR
M
25
0.17
150
K t 2.55
b d Kt
100
150 25
150 2.55
100
b d h2
6 Kt
MR
d
b
From Fig. 7-34:
bh 2
6
100
b d
bK t
100
67.3% .............................................................................. Ans.

7-121
For 04%C hot-rolled steel:
At the wall:
Mc
I
22 P 1.5
3.976
w
h
Therefore
3.976 in.4
FS
53 3 17.667 ksi
22 P kip in.
2.13 kip
2.727 in.4
r
h
Kt
Mc
I
Pmax
17.667 ksi
3
1.10
2.73
From Fig. 7-34:
Kt
all
1.365
4
At the reduced section:
53 ksi
1.5
4
0.25
2.73
12 P kip in.
0.09
1.50
12 P 1.365
P 1.961 kip
17.667 ksi
2.727
1.961 kip ....................................................................................................... Ans.
1.50

7-122*
For 04%C hot-rolled steel:
Kt
Mc
I
M h2
h
d
b d h
b d
Kt
Rearranging gives
360 MPa
Kt
12
6M
h2
200
25
all
FS
360 4 90 MPa
6 Kt M
b d h2
6 50, 000
90 106 0.200
0.08333 m
d
b
8.00
(a)
25
b
Solve by trial and error.

Guess that K t
2.50 .
Then Eq. (a) gives
b d
Then from Fig. 7-34:
d b
Guess that K t
0.107
Kt
208 25 233 mm
2.70
2.70 .
Then Eq. (a) gives
b d
Then from Fig. 7-34:
d b
Therefore
0.208 m
bmin
0.225 m
0.100
Kt
212 25 250 mm
2.70
250 mm ......................................................................................................... Ans.
7-123
2 0.625 4
12
Kt
Mc
I
h
d
From Fig. 7-34:
Kt
7.333 in.4
PL 6 c
I
4
6.40
0.625
K t 2.35
6 20 7.333
2.35 2 5
gives
P
2
6 I
K t cP
d
b
0.625
2
L
3
PL
kip in.
6
0.3125
37.445 in. 3.12 ft ........................................................................ Ans.
7-124
Kt
h2
d/b
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Mc
I
Kt
M h2
b d h3 12
6 K t 10 103
b d 200 10
b (mm)
200
100
50
40
33
29
25
Kt
2.80
2.70
2.50
2.45
2.37
2.30
2.25
6Kt M
b d h2
K t 300 10
6
b 0.010
200 MPa
m2
h (mm)
66
95
137
157
176
191
212
7-125
P 2 L3
Kt
h2
d/b
0.15
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
Mc
I
Kt
2.25 14
M h2
b d h3 12
6 K t 31.5
b d 15
b (in.)
5.00
3.75
2.50
1.88
1.50
1.25
1.07
Kt
2.60
2.50
2.35
2.25
2.17
2.10
2.03
31.5 kip in.
6 Kt M
b d h2
15 ksi
12.60 K t
in.2
b 0.75
h (in.)
2.78
3.24
4.11
5.00
6.04
7.27
8.94

7-126*
For a W 203 50 section
205 mm
wf
Me
Me
Mp
2c
tf
14.2 mm
250 106 582 10
210 mm
tw
9.1 mm
582 103 mm3
145.5 103 N m 145.5 kN m ..................................................................... Ans.
2 250 106
0.0979 0.205 0.0142
2 250 106
Mp
142.49 103
0.0454 0.0908 0.0091
18.76 103
161.3 103 N m 161.3 kN m ....................... Ans.

7-127*
wf
15.745 in.
Me
Mp
36 684
2 36
Mp
2c 33.68 in.
tw
0.715 in.
tf
1.150 in.
684 in.3
24, 624 kip in. 24, 600 kip in. ....................................... Ans.
16.265 15.745 1.150
21, 204 6337
2 36
7.845 15.69 0.715
27,541 kip in. 27,500 kip in. .................................... Ans.
7-128
2c
wf
tf
25.4 mm
268 mm
Me
Me
Mp
250 106 6225 10
tw 15.6 mm
S
6225 103 mm3
1556 103 N m 1556 kN m ....................................................................... Ans.
2 250 106
0.3723 0.268 0.0254
2 250 106
Mp
770 mm
1267.2 103
0.1798 0.3596 0.0156
504.3 103
1772 103 N m 1772 kN m ......................... Ans.
7-129*
Me
bh3 12
bh 2
h2
c
bh
2
h
4
6
bh 2
Mp
Mp
14
1.5 ............................................... Ans.
16
Me
7-130
Me
Mp
Mp
Me
c
2
R4 4
R
R2
2
R3
4R
3
4 R3
43
1.698 ................................................................................................................ Ans.
4
7-131*
Mx
A
yC
2 10
2 10
12 3.857
3
8 1.857
3
8 2
8 2
3
2 10
2 10
4 6.143
3
3.857 in.
521.5 in.4
Elastic action:
y
Me
521.5
84.89
6.143
For fully plastic action:
AT
AC
56 2 28 in.2
4 10 c p
cp
Mp
3.00 in.
1.5 12 3
148.0
Mp
Me
28 in.2
0.5 8 1
3.5 4 7
148.0
1.743 ............................................................................................................. Ans.
84.89
7-132*
(a)
Me
a 4 12
a3
a2
c
a2
2
a
4
6
a3
Mp
Mp
14
1.500 ........................................................ Ans.
16
Me
(b)
Me
a 4 12
a sin 45
a2
2
Mp
Mp
0.23570
0.11785
Me
a sin 45
3
0.11785a 3
0.23570a 3
2.00 ......................................................................................................... Ans.
7-133
(a) Assume that the lower flange will be fully plastic.
a 1
FC
FT
36 a 1 a ksi
36 10 a
36 a 1
9 a 1
36 1 a
2
36 1 9 2a
72a 2 216a 162 0
Equating FC to FT gives:
From which
36 1 6
3.621 in. 3.62 in. ............................................................................ Ans.

10 2a 10 2 3.621
2.758 in. 1 in.
Therefore, the lower flange will be fully plastic as was assumed.

(b)
a 1
36 3.621 1 3.621
36 10 3.621
2
26.06 ksi
2 3.621
3
36 1 3.621
2
(c)
26.06 9 2.621
2
2 3.621
3
2 2.621
3
36 1 1.758 4.50
36 1 6 5.879
2748 kip in. 2750 kip in. ..................................................................................... Ans.
yC
Mx
A
9.5 10 1
5 8 1
0.5 6 1
10 1
8 1
6 1
3
10 4.25
9 3.25
6 5.75
3
3
3
36 354.5
I
Me
2219 kip in.
c
5.75
I
AT
6 1
1 cp 1
12 in.2
5 4.75
3
354.5 in.4
24 2 12 in.2
AT
AC
cp
7.00 in.
Mp
36 6 1 6.5
Mp
3024
1.363 .............................................................................................................. Ans.
2219
Me
36 6 1 3
5.75 in.
36 2 1 1
36 10 1 2.5
3024 kip in.
7-134
(a) Assume that the lower flange will be only partially plastic.
240 a 40 a MPa
a 40
FC
240 120 a
240 a 40
80 a 40
240 80 a
2
FT
240 160 a
a
40 160 a
2
240 80 200 2a
a 2 120a 2800 0
a 88.28 mm 88.3 mm ...................................................................... Ans.
From which
200 2a
200 2 88.28
23.44 mm
40 mm
Therefore, the lower flange will be only partially plastic as was assumed.
(b)
240 88.28 40 88.28
a 40
240 160 88.28 88.28
160 a
131.26 MPa
194.98 MPa
240 120 88.28
2 0.08828
131.26 80 48.28
2 0.04828
240 80 88.28
2
2 0.08828
3
194.98 40 71.72
2
2 0.07172
3
240 80 23.44 0.100
(c)
148.2 103 N m 148.2 kN m ............................................................................. Ans.
yC
Mx
A
20 80 40
100 40 120
180 120 40
80 40
40 120
120 40
120 90
3
80 50
3
80 110
3
110 mm
Me
I
c
40 70
56.75 106 mm 4
3
240 56.75
123.82 103 N m
0.110
123.82 kN m
AT
40 80
AT
40 c p
AC
40
12,800 2 6400 mm 2
6400 mm 2
cp
120 mm

7-134
(cont.)
Mp
240 40 80 0.100
240 40 80 0.040
240 40 120 0.060
240 40 40 0.020
184.32 103 N m 184.32 kN m

Mp
Me
184.32
1.489 ........................................................................................................... Ans.
123.82
7-135*
(a)
a 2
FC
FT
36 a 2 a ksi
36 4 a
36 a 2
2.5 a 2
36 1.5 a
2
36 1.5 10 2a
108a 2 360a 180 0
From which
(b)
a 2
3.775 in. 3.78 in. ............................................................................ Ans.
36 3.775 2 3.775
36 4 3.775
2
16.927 ksi
2 3.775
3
36 1.5 3.775
2
(c)
540 81a
16.927 2.5 1.775

2
2 3.775
3
2 1.775
3
36 1.5 2.45 5
1558 kip in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
yC
Mx
A
I
Me
1.5 6
3
I
c
4 8 1.5
8 1.5
3
9 4 2
4 2
3
4 4
3
36 186.67
6
2.5 2
3
Mp
1.5 c p
10 in.2
36 1.5 6.667 3.333

36 4 2 2.333
Mp
Me
186.67 in.4
1120.0 kip in.
AT
6.00 in.
20 2 10 in.2
AT
AC
cp
6.667 in.
36 1.5 1.333 0.667

1919.9 kip in.
1919.9
1.714 ........................................................................................................... Ans.
1120.0
7-136
For a WT 305 70 section
tw 13.1 mm
2c 308.7 mm
wf
230.3 mm
A 8905 mm 2
(a)
333 103 mm3
250 230.3 a
250 a 22.2
217.2 a 22.2
250 13.1 a
2
FT
22.2 mm
250 a 22.2 a MPa
a 22.2
FC
tf
250 13.1 308.7 2a

a2
From which
29.69a 2043 0
32.73 mm
32.7 mm ...................................................................... Ans.
308.7 2a
(b)
250 32.73 22.2 32.73
a 22.2
250 230 32.73

2
(c)
Me
243.24 mm
80.44 MPa
2 0.03273
3
250 13.1 32.73

2
M
308.7 2 32.73
80.44 217.2 10.53

2
2 0.03273
3
2 0.01053
3
250 13.1 243.24 0.15435
144.04 103 N m 144.0 kN m ........................................................................... Ans.

S
250 333
83.25 103 N m 83.25 kN m
AT
AC
AC
8905 2 4453 mm 2
230.3 c p
cp
4453 mm 2
19.34 mm
22.2 mm
Therefore, the neutral axis for fully plastic action is in the flange.
Mp
250 230.3 19.34 0.00967

250 230.3 2.86 0.00143
250 13.1 286.5 0.14611
148.10 103 N m 148.10 kN m
Mp
Me
148.10
1.779 ........................................................................................................... Ans.
83.25
7-137*
c
y dA 2
4 h
b
5 2
Therefore
y
h2
2 cy
h
h2
0
2 c
K
h
12
32
y bdy
2 c
4
Kb
5
h
12
12
y5 2
2 cy
h
12
h2
0
52
y1 2
5 2M y
bh 2
h
12
.................................................................................................. Ans.
7-138
Since
max
99.3 MPa
max
0.59
2792
c
(a)
2792
0.050
0
c
FT
Since FC
MPa
0.0035 y
c
FC
3.5 10
0.59
0.0035 y
c
y
c
99.29 106
y
c
99.29 106
0.050
FT :
0.59
y
c
99.29
99.29 106
MPa
y
c
0.59
N/m 2
0.59
0.100 dy
0.59
0.025 dy
y
c
0.59
y
c
dy
0.59
dy
c1.59
1.59
0.11957 m 119.6 mm .................................................................................. Ans.
0.02148
Therefore
(b)
y dA
0.05
0
99.29 10
0.11957
0
34.76 106
Therefore
0.05
0
y
c
99.29 10
0.59
y 0.100 dy
y
c
0.59
y1.59 dy 8.69 106
y 0.025 dy
0.11957
0
y1.59 dy
19.43 103 N m 19.43 kN m ............................................................... Ans.
7-139*
4 7
12
3.75 7 2t
12
114.33
3.75 7 2t
12
in.4
For a channel section:
b 2 h 2t
4I
3.875
7 t t
3.75 7 2t
4 114.33
12
Solving by trial and error yields:
1.50 in.
0.250 in. .................................................................................. Ans.
7-140*
3
2.5 100
2 2.5 50 25
12
364.6 103 mm 4
(a)
QA
A
F1
MO
2500 3125 10
364.6 10
0.0025
Pe F1d
535.7 50
2500
QO
O
8.571 106 N/m 2
10.71 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
25 50 2.5
VQO
Itw
8.571 106 0.0025 0.050 2 535.7 N
Af 2
0:
e
(b)
3125 mm3
25 50 2.5
VQA
It f
25 50 2.5
2500 6250 10
364.6 10
6250 mm3
0.0025
17.14 106 N/m 2
17.14 MPa .............................................................................................................. Ans.
7-141
45.5 in.3
QA1
6.5 7 1
QAw
45.5 19.5 65.0 in.3
I
(a)
10 14
12
bh3
12
F1
A 2
QB
9 12
12
100 45.5
990.7 1
VQA1
It f
A1
QA 2
6.5 3 1
65.0
19.5 in.3
3 6 1
83.0 in.3
990.7 in.4
4.593 ksi
4.593 7 1 2
A1 1
16.076 kip
F2
MB
A2
0:
e
(b)
Aw
100 19.5
990.7 1
VQA 2
It f
A2
A2 2
Pe
1.968 ksi
1.968 3 1 2
F1 F2 d
2.952 kip
16.076 2.952 13
1.706 in. ..........................Ans.
100
100 65.0
VQAw
6.56 ksi
990.7 1
Itw
VQB
Itw
100 83.0
990.7 1
8.38 ksi
7-142
F
(a)
avg
VQA
2 It
F1
V
2I
253 93 14
F2
V
2I
222 93 16
F3
V
2I
253 b 93 14
MO
14
16
93 14
V
15.317 106
I
93 16
V
15.360 106
I
14
0:
F3 h3 F1h1 F2 h2
V
b 93
I
1.7710 103
(b)
QNA
I
222.5 mm
1.7710 103
0
V
15.317 106
I
474
b 93
V
b 93
I
b 93 14
474
V
15.360 106
I
444
16.773 103
b 2 186b 8124.0 0
223 mm .................................................................................................... Ans.
237 223 14
2 223 14 237
222 93 16
2 93 16 222
111 222 14
2
16 444
12
1.4152 106 mm3
614.1 106 mm 4
max
VQNA
Itw
max
40, 000 1.4152 10

614.1 10
0.014
6.58 106 N/m 2
6.58 MPa ............................................................................................................. Ans.
7-143*
QA
6 4 0.25
6.0 in.3
QB
3 4 0.25
3.0 in.3
0.25 12
12
2 4 0.25 6
2 4 0.25 3
(a)
4 0.25
2
0.09524V
AF
2
V 3
126.0 0.25
4 0.25
2
0.04762V
F2
Since V
P:
(b)
V 6
126.0 0.25
0:
QNA
O
126.0 in.4
AF
2
F1
MO
Pe F1 12
F2 6
e 0.09524 12
6 4 0.25
VQNA
Itw
3 4 0.25
1500 13.5
126.0 0.25
0.04762 6
1.429 in. ......................................... Ans.
3 6 0.25
13.5 in.3
643 psi ............................................................................. Ans.
7-144*
QA
90 90 6
48.6 103 mm3
QB
90 90 6
45 90 6
QC
30 60 6
6 180
12
VQA
It
VQB
It
VQC
It
Therefore:
72.9 103 mm3
10.8 103 mm3

6 120
12
2 90 6 90
6000 48.6 10
12.528 10
12.528 10
12.528 10
max
3.879 106 N/m 2
3.88 MPa
5.819 106 N/m 2
5.82 MPa
0.006
6000 10.8 10
12.528 106 mm 4
0.006
6000 72.9 10
0.8621 106 N/m 2
0.006
0.862 MPa
5.82 MPa ...................................................................................... Ans.
F1
A1 2
3.879 106 0.090 0.006 2 1047.3 N
F3
A3 2
0.8621 106 0.120 0.006 2 413.8 N
MB
0 : Pe F1 180
Since V
F3 180
P:
413.8 180
1047.3 180
6000
19.00 mm 19.00 mm
........................... Ans.
7-145
th3
12
2
V
It
F1
s
0
dA
2 dA
th 2
h 3b
6
Vs 2
2I
yt dy
1 s h 2
F2
h
2
2 bt
h2
0
V
It
Vs 2
t ds
2I
s
0
b
0
h
2
Vh 2
8I
t dx
Vhs
2I
Vh3t
48I
Vh 2
8I
t ds
MO
0:
Pe 2 F1b F2 h 0
Since V
P:
h 2tb
2h 3b
12 I
Vhs
2I
Vhbt
h 2b
8I
b 2h 3b
............................................................ Ans.
2 h 3b
7-146*
y 2 dA
(a)
V
It
T
s
0
V
I
yt ds
R dF
R dA
0:
Since V
P:
(b)
Rd
VR 2
sin
I
2VR 4t
I
sin d
Pe T
e
R 3t 2
VR 2
sin
I
4R
25
VR 2
sin
I
tR d
2VR 4t
R 3t 2
4VR
Pe 4VR
..................................................................................................... Ans.
2.5 2 61.359 103 mm 4

2
440 0.025
A
R 3t
2
tR d
R cos
VR 4t
I
MO
R cos
61.359 10
sin 90
4.48 106 N/m 2
4.48 MPa ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-147*
2
y 2 dA
(a)
V
It
T
s
0
V
I
yt ds
R dF
0:
Since V
P:
(b)
2
0
1 cos
Pe T
R 3t
R 3t
tR d
R sin
R dA
VR 4t
I
MO
R sin
VR 2
1 cos
I
Rd
VR 2
1 cos
I
2 VR 4t
I
d
0
tR d
2 VR 4t
R 3t
Pe 2VR
2VR
0
2 R .......................................................................................................... Ans.
3
VR 2
1 cos
I
0.1
2.51327 in.4
2
110 2
1 cos180
2.51327
350 psi ........................................ Ans.

7-148
Let a
20 mm
QA
1.5a at
QB 2
1.5a 2t
QB 3
9.5a 2t
2t 4a
12
V
It
F1
F2
avg
F3
MO
4a 2t
avg
0:
A2
A3
9.5a 2t
11.5a 2t
a 2at
3
t 2a
12
V
It
y t ds
dA
5.5a 2t
2a 2at
5.5a 2t 4a 2t
QO
1.5a 2t
2a 2at
QBw
(a)
a
0
s
0
V
as
I
VQavg
It
VQavg
It
2at
2at
Pe 2 F1 2a
2 4a t 2a
P:
4a
63
42a 3t
a s t ds
V
as
I
s2
2
s2
2
2Va 3t
3I
2Va 3t
3 42a 3t
t ds
V 3.5a 2t
3
42a t t
V 2a 2 t
3
42a t t
F2
Pe 2 V 63 2a
Since V
2at
V
6
2at
V
10.5
F3 4a
V 6 4a
4a 4a
6 10.5
22a
63
V
63
0
V 10.5 4a
22 20
63
6.98 mm .............................. Ans.
7-149
QA
1 2 0.125
QB
0.25
0.375 4
12
A
0.25 in.3
1 4 0.125
0.75 in.3
2.00 in.4
VQA
It
300 0.25
2.00 0.125
300 psi
VQB
It
300 0.75
2.00 0.125
900 psi
Therefore:
B
max
A1
3
F1
MB
0:
900 psi ...................................................................................................... Ans.

300 2 0.125
3
Pe 2 F1 4 cos 30
25.00 lb
0
Therefore:
2 25.00 4 cos 30
300
0.577 in. ......................................................................... Ans.
7-150*
Es
Ew
n
yC
200
10
175
20
150 350
150 350
cw
cs
357.5
3000 15
3000 15
259.2 75
105.8 20
259.2 mm
9.19 MPa
9.19 MPa (C) ........................................................................................................ Ans.
7-151*
Es
Ew
n
yC
30, 000
1500
Mx
A
cs
n
cw
6.5
20
6 12
0.25
120 0.5
6 12
120 0.5
3.659
20
8.841
1250
3.659 in.
10,347 psi
10.35 ksi (T) ................................................................................................................. Ans.
7-152
Ea
Ew
73
8
9.125
L
2
PL
4
P
2
IT
200 228.1 300

12
30 4
4
3
963.2 106 mm 4
Mc
IT
30, 000 0.150
9.125 4.672
963.2 10
30 kN m
4.672 106 N/m 2
4.67 MPa (T) ....................... Ans.
42.6 MPa (T) ................................................................. Ans.
7-153
Es
Ew
n
IT
29, 000
18.125
1600
4 18.125 6
12
398.25 in.4
Mc
IT
10, 000 12 3
398.25
903.95 psi
18.125 903.95
16,384 psi 16,380 psi (T) ................................... Ans.
904 psi (T) ........................................... Ans.
7-154*
Ea
Ew
70
10
Myw
IT
7.00
3000 0.040
IT
IT
IT
nMya
IT
7 w 86
12
15 106 N/m 2
8.000 10
7 3000 0.043
IT
3
m4
135 106 N/m 2
7 w 50 80
12
72,366w 5.8667 106
IT
6.689 10
m4
8.000 106 mm 4
w 81.1 mm .................................................................. Ans.
7-155
Es
Ew
30, 000
18.75
1600
PL
4000 6
IT
75 11.5
12
24, 000 lb ft
71 10
12
3589 in.4
Myw
IT
24, 000 12 5
3598
nMys
IT
18.75 24, 000 12 5.75

3598
401.2 psi
401 psi (T & C) ................................. Ans.
8651 psi 8650 psi (T & C) ............... Ans.
7-156
Eb
Ep
100
1.4
My p
p
For
10
71.43
IT
M 131 yC
IT
nMyb
IT
71.43MyC
IT
p:
71.43 yC
yC
yC
16.088 mm
6 71.43w
6 71.43w
5609w 327,575
10 131 yC
68.5
50 125
50 125
16.088 mm
w 58.4 mm ........................................................................ Ans.
7-157*
Es
Ew
30, 000
18.75
1600
wL2
8
w 16
8
yC
Mx
A
8 15
8 15
3
IT
w
Therefore:
32w
0.25
150 0.5
150 0.5
3
5.019 in.
8 10.481
150 5.019
142 4.519
3
3
3
32w 12 10.481
Myw
1600 psi
5024
IT
nMys
IT
wmax
18.75 32w 12 5.019

5024
18, 000 psi
5024 in.4
w 1997.3 lb/ft
w 2502.5 lb/ft
1997 lb/ft ..................................................................................................... Ans.
7-158*
Es
Ew
200
15.38
13
20 5
8
wL2
8
IT
2307 330
12
Myw
IT
ys
n
yw
62.50 kN m
2157 300
12
6250 103 0.150

2056 10
w
165
15.38 4.560
150
2056 106 mm 4
4.560 106 N/m 2
4.56 MPa (T) ............... Ans.
77.1 MPa (T) ................................................ Ans.
7-159
Es
Ew
30, 000
1500
2.50 10
IT
6 12
12
Myw
IT
IT
nMys
IT
IT
20
25.0 kip ft
20w t
12
25.0 12 6
IT
20 wt 6 0.5t
1 ksi
IT
864 1.66667 wt 3 20wt 6 0.5t

20 25.0 12 6 t
IT
10 ksi
864 1.66667 wt 3 20wt 6 0.5t
1800 in.4
IT
1800 in.4
(a)
600 6 t in.4
600 6 t in.4
(b)
7-160
Es
Ew
200
16.667
12
2 P 2
yC
Mx
A
P N m
3333 16
191
3333 16
200 350
200 350
111.87 mm
IT
Therefore:
3333 111.87
3
Myw
IT
nMys
IT
Pmax
3133 95.87
3
P 0.25413
1729.4 10
200 254.13
3
10 106 N/m 2
16.667 P 0.11187
1729.4 10
75 106 N/m 2
1729.4 106 mm 4
P 68.05 103 N
P 69.56 103 N
68.1 kN ......................................................................................................... Ans.
7-161
(a)
Iw
M
8 15
12
bh3
12
(b)
cw
Es
Ew
n
IT
2250 in.4
2.4 2250
7.5
w w
M max
720 kip in. ............................................... Ans.

30, 000
18.75
1600
8 15
12
150 t
2
12
150t 7.5 0.5t
2250 25t 3 300t 7.5 0.5t

M
Either:
w T
cw
Choose smaller M and compute
Mcw
IT
M 7.5
IT
2.4 IT
7.5
in.4
M
or
I
ncs
s T
18 IT
18.75 7.5 t
720
100
720
s
nMcs
IT
18.75M 7.5 t
IT
7-162
Ea
Ew
(a)
IT
73
13
5.615
150 300
12
337.5 106
(b)
nw 50
12
50nw 150 25
3.083 106 nw mm 4
75 103 0.150
Mcw
IT
5.615 75 103 0.200
nMca
IT
IT
IT
For
15 MPa
w 23.8 mm
For
135 MPa
w 16.54 mm
Therefore
wmin
23.8 mm ................................................................................................ Ans.
7-163*
As
AT
nAs
From which:
2.356 in.2
12 2.356
10h h 2
5h 2
28.27 in.2
28.27 18 h
28.27h 508.86 0
h 7.650 in.
18 h 10.350 in.
IT
c
10 7.650
2
28.27 10.350
4521 in.4
3
M 12 7.650
Myc
1000 psi
IT
4521
M
s
nMys
IT
12 M 12 10.350
4521
18, 000 psi
M
Therefore:
M max
49, 248 lb ft
54, 601 lb ft
49.2 kip ft ................................................................................................. Ans.
7-164*
Es
Ec
As
15
AT
nAs
13.333 706.9
200
13.333
15
200h h 2
706.9 mm 2
9425 mm 2
9425 275 h
h 2 94.25h 25,919 0
h 120.62 mm
From which:
IT
c
200 120.62
3
275 h 154.38 mm
9425 154.38
15, 000 0.12062
Myc
IT
341.6 10
341.6 106 mm 4
5.30 106 N/m 2
5.30 MPa (C) ............................................................................................................... Ans.
ys
n
yc
154.38 13.333 5.297

120.62
90.4 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
7-165
Es
Ec
30, 000
13.636
2200
820 13
8
wL2
8
M max
17,322 lb ft
1.3254 in.2
As
0.75
AT
nAs
13.636 1.3254
10h h 2
18.073 in.2
18.073 15.5 h
h 2 3.615h 56.02 0
From which:
h 5.892 in.
15.5 h 9.608 in.
IT
c
10 5.892
2
18.073 9.608
2350 in.4
3
17.322 12 5.892
Myc
0.5212 ksi 0.521 ksi (C) .............................. Ans.
IT
2350
ys
n
yc
9.608 13.636 0.5212

5.892
11.59 ksi (T) ....................................... Ans.
7-166*
Es
Ec
12
3w 4
32
3wL2
32
M max
As
16
AT
nAs
1.5w N m
603.2 mm 2
12 603.2
200h h 2
7238 mm 2
7238 300 h
h 2 72.38h 21, 714 0

h 115.55 mm
From which:
IT
Therefore:
200 115.55
3
300 h 184.45 mm
7238 184.45
Myc
IT
1.5w 0.11555
nMys
IT
12 1.5w 0.18445
wmax
349.1 10
349.1 10
349.1 106 mm 4
6.5 106 N/m 2

120 106 N/m 2
w 13.092 103 N/m

w 12.618 103 N/m
12.62 kN/m ................................................................................................. Ans.
7-167
Es
Ec
As
0.875
AT
nAs
12.5 1.8040
30, 000
12.5
2400
8h h 2
4h 2
From which:
M max
wL2
8
w 12
8
18w lb ft
1.8040 in.2
22.55 in.2
22.55 16 h
22.55h 360.8 0
h 7.088 in.
16 h 8.912 in.
IT
c
Therefore:
8 7.088
2
22.55 8.912
2741 in.4
3
18w 12 7.088
Myc
1000 psi
IT
2741
nMys
IT
wmax
12.5 18w 12 8.912

2741
16, 000 psi
w 1790.3 lb/ft
w 1822.6 lb/ft
1790 lb/ft ..................................................................................................... Ans.
7-168*
Es
Ec
198
12
16.5
300h h 2
As
c
12 As 500 h
12.5h 2
500 h
Myc Mh
IT
IT
nMys
IT
7 106 N/m 2
12M 500 h
IT
(a)
(b)
As
IT
M max
M max
I
h
(b)
125h
200.95 mm
12.5 200.95
500 200.95
300 200.95
3
c T
125 106 N/m 2
84 500 h
12.5h 2
500 h
(a)
1688 mm 2 ................................................................... Ans.
12 1688 299.05
7 106
2623 10
0.20095
2623 106 mm 4
91,370 N m
91.4 kN m ............................................................................................................... Ans.
7-169
Es
Ec
30, 000
12.5
2400
2
1000 16
wL2
M max
32, 000 lb ft
8
8
32, 000 12 h
Myc
800 psi
c
IT
IT
s
12.5 32, 000 12 b

16, 000 psi
IT
nMys
IT
IT
10h h 2
IT
Therefore
h
(a)
As
(b)
0.625b
nAs b
2.767b3
As
10 0.625b
3
300b
0.625 10.413
0.15625b
h b
(b)
480h 300b
nAs b 12.5 As b
10 h
3
IT
(a)
5h 2
12.5b
0.625b
5 0.625b
12.5b
0.15625b
12.5 0.15625b b
2.767b3
b 10.413 in.
6.508 in.
0.15625 10.413
1.627 in.2 ............................................................. Ans.
6.508 10.413 16.92 in. .............................................................................. Ans.
7-170
From the curved beam formula:
ro ri
ln ro ri
yC
R RC
max
Myi
ri AyC
11d 10d
ln 1.1
10.49206d 10.5d
0.00794d
M 0.49206d
10d td
0.00794d
From the flexure formula:
Error
10.49206d
6.197 6
100
6.197
max
Mc
I
6.197 M
td 2
M d 2
3
td 12
6M
td 2
3.18% ..................................................................................... Ans.
7-171*
o
M R ro
ro AyC
ro R ri
ri ro
14 R 6
6 14 R
M R ri
ri AyC
R 8.400 in.
Which gives
A 2 8 1
b 2
2b 16 in.2
dA
Using Table B-20
dA
2b 16
b
b ln
8
6
2 1 ln
14
6
0.28768b 1.69750
8.400 0.28768b 2.26996
4.24 in. .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
7-172
RC
450 100 550 mm
A 2 50 150
75 100
22,500 mm 2
dA
Using Table B-20
dA
150 ln
500
450
22,500
yC
i
R RC
150 ln
650
600
41.484 mm
R 542.4 mm
7.600 mm
20, 000 0.5424 0.450

0.450 0.0225 0.00760
24.0 106 N/m 2
M R ro
ro AyC
600
500
R 41.484
542.4 550
M R ri
ri AyC
i
75 ln
24.0 MPa (C) .................................................................. Ans.
20, 000 0.5424 0.650

0.650 0.0225 0.00760
19.36 106 N/m 2
19.36 MPa (T) ............................................................. Ans.
7-173*
8 2
11 8 2
RC
A
4 2
4 2
14 4 2
32
32 in.2
17 4 2
13.25 in.
dA
Using Table B-20
dA
8 ln
12
10
32
yC
R RC
2 ln
16
12
4 ln
18
16
2.5051 in.
R 2.5051
12.774 13.25
R 12.774 in.
0.4760 in.
M R ri
ri AyC
30 12 12.774 10
10 32 0.4760
6.56 ksi
6.56 ksi (T) .................. Ans.
M R ro
ro AyC
30 12 12.774 18
18 32 0.4760
6.86 ksi
6.86 ksi (C) ................. Ans.
7-174*
RC
75 150 225 mm
250 300
150 200
45, 000 mm 2
Using Table B-20
dA
250 ln
A
yC
i
dA
R RC
125
325
2 50 ln
75
125
250 ln
45, 000
R 259.0
173.75 225
M R ri
ri AyC
M R ro
ro AyC
375
325
M max
R 173.75 mm
51.25 mm
M 0.17375 0.075
0.075 0.0450 0.05125
140 106 N/m 2
245 103 N m
M 0.17375 0.375
0.375 0.0450 0.05125
35 106 N/m 2
M
Therefore:
259.0 mm
150.4 103 N m
150.4 kN m ............................................................................................... Ans.
7-175
1.5 0.75
R
R
dA
2 ln
1.5 3
3
2.25
3
2.25
5.625 in.2
4
3
4
3 2.25
3
1.50408R 5.625 in.2

5.625
R
3.7398 in.
1.50408
yC R RC 3.7398 4.00
6
3
3ln
3
6
3
d
3
1
6 3
3
0.2602 in.
M R ri
ri AyC
70 3.7398 2.25
2.25 5.625 0.2602
31.7 ksi 31.7 ksi (T) ................ Ans.
M R ro
ro AyC
70 3.7398 6.00
6.00 5.625 0.2602
18.02 ksi 18.02 ksi (C) .......... Ans.
7-176*
F 1500 kN (T)
My
xA
500 1
F
A
Vz
500 kN m
Mc
I
1500 103
500 103 0.200
0.4002 0.3002
27.28 106
yA
p1
p2
max
xyA
500 kN
0.2004 0.1504
116.41 106 N/m 2
143.69 MPa (T)
0 MPa
143.7 MPa (T) .......................................................... Ans.

p3
p
0 MPa ............................................................. Ans.

p1
p2
143.69 0 2 71.8 MPa ............................................ Ans.
7-177*
P 150 kip (C)
Iy
yC
yD
My
A
2 5
3
150 2
300 kip in.
24 in 2
A 2 2 6
xC
2 6
6 2
2 6 2
3
6 3
3
4 1
3
5.00 in.
P
A
Mc
I
150
24
300 5
136
P
A
Mc
I
150
24
300 3
136
136.00 in.4
4.78 ksi (T) ..................... Ans.
12.87 ksi 12.87 ksi (C) .......................... Ans.
7-178
Fy
0:
M cut
P 4060 5210 0
0:
4060 0.016
5210 0.037
P 1150 N (C)
(a)
Solid:
xA
F
A
My
27
27
257.73 N m
4 572.6 mm 2
64
1150
572.6 10
Mc
I
26.09 103 mm 4
257.3 0.0135
6
26.09 10
2.0084 133.36 106 N/m 2
(b)
T max
131.4 MPa 131.4 MPa (T) ........................................................................... Ans.
C max
135.4 MPa 135.4 MPa (C) ........................................................................... Ans.
Hollow:
xA
27 2 162
4 371.5 mm 2
27 4 164
64 22.87 103 mm 4
1150
371.5 10
257.3 0.0135
6
22.87 10
3.096 152.14 106 N/m 2
T max
149.0 MPa 149.0 MPa (T) ........................................................................... Ans.
C max
155.2 MPa 155.2 MPa (C) ........................................................................... Ans.
7-179*
P 50 kip (T)
Mz
Vy
5 24
5 kip
120 kip in.
30 kip in.
Iz
4
J
64 12.5664 in.4
25.1327 in.4
2I z
yC A
50
P
A
xA
xyA
r2
2
4r
3
2
2 2
3
2r 3
3
5.3333 in.3
3.979 ksi (T)
Tc Vy Q
J
I zt
30 2
25.1327
yA
5 5.3333
12.5664 4
0 ksi
1.8575 ksi
2
p1, p 2
2
xy
3.979 0
2
3.979 0
2
1.8575
p1
1.9895 2.7218
4.7113 ksi
4.71 ksi (T) .................................................... Ans.
p2
1.9895 2.7218
0.7323 ksi
0.732 ksi (C) ................................................. Ans.
p3
0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
max
1
tan
2
p1
1
2
x
p2
xy
y
2
1
tan
2
4.7113 0.7323 2 2.72 ksi .................................... Ans.

1
2 1.8575
3.979 0
21.52 .................................................... Ans.
7-180
40 kN (T)
100 50
M
30 80
25 100 50
xC
Iy
100 50
12
40 0.65919
26.37 kN m
8600 mm 2
60 20
90 30 80
8600
140 60 20
59.19 mm
100 50 34.19
30 80
12
30 80 30.81
60 20
12
60 20 80.81
18.321 106 mm 4
CD
CD
EF
EF
P
A
Mc
I
40, 000
8600 10 6
89.845 106 N/m 2

P
A
Mc
I
40, 000
8600 10 6
26.37 0.09081
18.321 10
89.8 MPa (T) ..................................................................... Ans.

26.37 0.05919
18.321 10
126.1 106 N/m 2 126.1 MPa (C) ................................................................... Ans.
7-181
P 15 kip (C)
M
15 12
5 12
5 12
A
60 in 2
3
12 720 in.4
P
A
Mc
15 180 6
1.250 ksi (T)
I
60
720
1.250 ksi (T) ........................................................... Ans.
P
A
Mc
15 180 6
I
60
720
1.750 ksi 1.750 ksi (C) .................................. Ans.
180 kip in.
7-182*
Fx
0:
Fy
0:
M cut
P 25 0
V 30 0
0:
46.25 kN m
100 150
100 150
top
bottom
Therefore:
P
A
25 0.350
max
25 kN (C)
30 kN
30 1.25
46.25 kN m
15, 000 mm 2
3
12
28.13 106 mm 4
25, 000
Mc
I
P
A
25 kN
15.00 10
Mc
I
46, 250 0.075
28.13 10
25, 000
15.00 10
46, 250 0.075

28.13 10
121.64 106 N/m 2

124.98 106 N/m 2
125.0 MPa (C) ............................................................................................ Ans.
7-183*
P
A
I
450 lb (T)
0.5 h
0.5 h
P
A
Mc
I
M
0.5h in
12
450
0.5h
450 3
1350 lb in.
h3 24 in.4
1350 h 2
h3 24
16, 000 psi
16, 000h 2 900h 16, 200 0

h 1.035 in. ....................................................................... Ans.
7-184
Fx
0:
Fy
0:
M cut
0:
M
P 30 0
P 30 kN (C)
40 V
30 0.750
150 200
12
BB
Therefore:
40 kN
40 1.20
25.5 kN m
A 2 50 150
P
A
22,500 mm 2
100 75
3
Mc
I
75 100
12
30, 000
22.5 10
93.75 106 mm 4
25,500 0.100
93.75 10
max T
25.9 106 N/m 2
25.9 MPa (T) ........................................... Ans.
max C
28.5 106 N/m 2
28.5 MPa (C) ........................................... Ans.
7-185
P 80 lb (T)
M
80 3
240 lb in.
0.5 0.1875
0.1875 0.5
P
A
Therefore:
Mc
I
0.093750 in 2
3
12 1.9531 10
240 0.25
80
0.09375 1.9531 10 3
in.4
853.33 30, 720 psi
max T
31.6 ksi 31.6 ksi (T) ............................................................... Ans.
max C
29.9 ksi
29.9 ksi (C) .............................................................. Ans.
7-186*
780 kN (T)
Mz
T
Vy
10 0.700
10 kN
7.00 kN m
14.0 5.6 19.6 kN m
150
150
4 17, 671 mm 2
24.85 106 mm 4
64
49.70 106 mm 4
2I
xA
P
A
780 103
Mc
I
17.671 10
44.14 106
yA
xyA
7000 0.075
3
24.850 10
21.13 106 N/m 2
23.01 MPa (T)
0 MPa
Tc Vy Q
J
I zt
19, 600 0.075

49.70 10
29.58 106 N/m 2
29.58 MPa
2
x
p1, p 2
2
xy
23.01 0
2
23.01 0
2
29.58
p1
11.505 31.74 43.245 MPa
p2
11.505 31.74
p3
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

p1
max
p2
20.235 MPa
43.245
43.2 MPa (T) ................................................. Ans.

20.2 MPa (C) .............................................. Ans.
20.235
2
31.7 MPa ...................................... Ans.
7-187*
Fx
0:
Fy
Ax Q 30 cos 30
Ay 30sin 30
0:
MA
5.5Q
0:
11 30 cos 30
62.87 lb
Ax
36.89 lb
tan
Ay
5.5 4
Fn
0:
36.89 cos
Ft
0:
V 15.00 cos
0:
15.00 lb
53.97
M cut
4 30sin 30
15.00sin
36.89 2.75
36.89sin
15.00 2
N 33.83 lb
V 21.01 lb
M
71.45 lb in. 71.45 lb in.
A
0.18750 1
top
bottom
Therefore:
0.18750 1
N
A
12 0.015625 in.4
33.83
0.18750
Mc
I
N
A
top
bottom
0.18750 in.2
Mc
I
max T
max C
71.45 0.500
0.015625
33.83
0.18750
2.11 ksi
2.47 ksi
2106 psi
71.45 0.500
2467 psi
0.015625
2.11 ksi (T) ............................................................. Ans.
2.47 ksi (C) ........................................................ Ans.
7-188
a 1430 cos16
b 1430sin16
1374.6
tan 1
394.2
Fx 0 :
Fy
Ay
0:
MA
394.2 mm
890
20.53
900
Ax B sin 20.53
B cos 20.53
B cos 20.53
0:
1374.6 mm
B sin 20.53
1374.6
0:
P 2797 cos16
3938sin16
Ft
0:
3938cos16
2797 sin16
P 3774 N
M
100 100
P
A
Mc
I
P
A
bottom
60 60
60 60
12
3014 N
2797 0.530sin16
6400 10
Mc
I
max C
6400 mm 2
7.253 106 mm 4
3774
max T
top
bottom
3938 0.530 cos16
100 100
12
top
3531 2700 cos16
1597.7 N m 1597.7 N m
394.2
3938 N
Fn
0:
3531 N
M cut
360 9.807
3531 0
B 7976 N
2797 N
Ay
Ax
mg
1597.7 0.050
6
7.253 10
11.60 106 N/m 2
11.60 MPa (T) ..................................................................................... Ans.

3774
6400 10
1597.7 0.050
6
7.253 10
10.42 106 N/m 2
10.42 MPa (C) ................................................................................. Ans.
7-189*
24 in.2
6 4
3
Ix
6 4
12
Iy
4 6
12
32 in.4
72 in.4
P 9600 lb (C)
Vx
800 lb
Mx
9600 1
9600 lb in.
My
800 24
19, 200 lb in.
P
A
Mx
My
9600
24
400 psi (C)
M xc
Ix
9600 2
32
M yc
19, 200 3
72
Iy
600 psi (T & C)

800 psi (T & C)
400 600 800
1000 psi 1000 psi (T) .............................................. Ans.
400 600 800
200 psi
400 600 800
1800 psi 1800 psi (C) ............................................. Ans.
400 600 800
600 psi
200 psi (C) .................................................. Ans.

600 psi (C) ................................................. Ans.
7-190
By symmetry, each support carries half of the total weight. Then,
10 kN
30 2
604
4
10 2 1
600
4
2741 106 mm 4
r2
2
4r
3
yC A
40.00 kN m
2 604
3
2r 3
3
2 600
3
2.899 106 mm3

Stresses due to the internal pressure:
x
axial
hoop
200 103 0.600
pr
2t
2 0.004
axial
15.00 106 N/m 2 (T)
30.00 106 N/m 2 (T)
At A:
x
15.00 MPa
10, 000 2.899 10
VQ
It
xy
2741 10
30.00 MPa
3
0.008
1.3221 106 N/m 2
1.3221 MPa
2
x
p1, p 2
2
xy
15 30
2
15 30
2
1.3221
p1
22.500 7.616
30.116 MPa
p2
22.500 7.616
14.884 MPa 14.88 MPa (T) ............................................ Ans.
p3
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

max
max
min
30.116
2
30.1 MPa (T) ............................................... Ans.
15.06 MPa ............................................................ Ans.
At B:
x
pr
2t
Mc
15 106
I
6.186 106 N/m 2

y
30.00 MPa
40, 000 0.604

2741 10
6.186 MPa (T)

xy
0 MPa

7-190
Since
(cont.)
xy
0 MPa these are principal stresses and

p1
30.0 MPa
p2
6.186 MPa
p3
6.19 MPa (T) ....................................................................... Ans.
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

max
max
30.0 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.
min
30.0
2
15.00 MPa ................................................................. Ans.
7-191
t in 2
1 t
P
A
h (in.)
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
bh3
12
1 t
12
0.08333t 3 in.4
Mc
I
10.6 106 1000 10

which gives
110
t
110h t 2
0.08333t 3
1767t 2 18.33t 110h

t (in.)
0.0000
0.1246
0.1713
0.2110
0.2444
0.2738
0.3004
0.3249
0.3477
7-192*
200 150
12
Ix
Iy
150 200
12
Mx
56.25 106 mm 4
200 150
30, 000 mm 2
100.0 106 mm 4
75 kN (C)
Mx
75 0.075
5.625 kN m
My
75 0.050
3.750 kN m
P
A
75, 000
30 10 3
5625 0.075
M xc
Ix
56.25 10
M yc
My
2.50 106 N/m 2 (C)
Iy
7.50 106 N/m 2 (T & C)
3750 0.100
100.0 10
3.75 106 N/m 2 (T & C)
2.50 7.50 3.75
8.75 MPa
8.75 MPa (T) ..................................... Ans.
2.50 7.50 3.75
1.25 MPa 1.25 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
2.50 7.50 3.75
13.75 MPa 13.75 MPa (C) ................................. Ans.
2.50 7.50 3.75
6.25 MPa
6.25 MPa (C) ..................................... Ans.
7-193
Ix
6 4
12 32 in.4
Iy
4 6
12 72 in.4
6 4
24 in.2
4000 lb (C)
Mx
400 24
Mz
500 24
4000 1
13, 600 lb in.
12, 000 lb in.
Neither Vx nor Vz contributes to the stresses at the corners.

P
P
A
Mx
Mz
4000
166.67 psi (C)
24
M xc
Ix
13, 600 2
32
850 psi (T & C)
M zc
Iz
12, 000 3
72
500 psi (T & C)
166.67 850 500
1183 psi 1183 psi (T) ........................................ Ans.
166.67 850 500
517 psi 517 psi (C) ............................................ Ans.
166.67 850 500
1517 psi 1517 psi (C) ........................................ Ans.
166.67 850 500
183.3 psi 183.3 psi (T) ...................................... Ans.
7-194*
30, 000 mm 2
200 150
3
Ix
200 150
12
150 200
12
75 kN (C)
Iz
P
56.25 106 mm 4
100.0 106 mm 4
Mx
75 0.075
Mz
15 0.5
P
A
Mx
Mz
75 0.050
75, 000
30 10 3
3.750 kN m
2.50 106 N/m 2 (C)
M xc
Ix
5625 0.075
M zc
Iz
3750 0.100
56.25 10
100.0 10
7.50 106 N/m 2 (T & C)

3.75 106 N/m 2 (T & C)
2.50 7.50 3.75
1.25 MPa 1.25 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
2.50 7.50 3.75
8.75 MPa
8.75 MPa (T) ..................................... Ans.
2.50 7.50 3.75
6.25 MPa
6.25 MPa (C) ..................................... Ans.
2.50 7.50 3.75
13.75 MPa 13.75 MPa (C) ................................ Ans.
1.250
z
8.75
z
5.625 kN m
13.25
150 z
z 12.5 mm
6.25
150 z
z 87.5 mm
7-195
tan1 9 16
MA
29.357
0:
T sin
64
Fx
27.5 16
0:
M cut
0:
P
(a)
P
A
Since
27.5 56.10sin
27.5 16
Mc
I
440 0.5
48.89
1 2
32
0 lb
2 1
p1
p
P
A
xy
p1
p2
Mc
I
440 lb in.
xy
0 lb
p1
0 lb ..................................................... Ans.
p3
672 psi ......................................................... Ans.

1295.6 psi 1296 psi (T)
xy
0 lb
0 these are principal stresses and

1296 psi (T) ............................
p
p2
P Mc
A I
Because V 0 , xy
1295.6 0
2
24.445 0
0 lb .................................................... Ans.
p3
648 psi ................................................................ Ans.
24.445 psi
24.4 psi (C) ............................

p
p2
24.4 psi (C)
0 lb
0 and these are principal stresses
p1
max
1344.4
2
24.445 1320.0
p2
p1
max
24.445 1320.0
12
1344 psi (C) ...........................
max
Since
56.10sin
0 these are principal stresses and
xy
p2
(c)
1344.4 psi 1344 psi (C)
(b)
P 56.10 cos
48.89 lb
x
56.10 lb
0:
Fy
27.5 48
p2
24.445
2
p1
p3
0 lb ..................................................... Ans.
12.22 psi ......................................................... Ans.
7-196*
100
100
2
4
4 7854 mm 2
4.909 106 mm 4
64
210 109
42.0 106 N/m 2
210 109 820 10
172.2 106 N/m 2
210 109 600 10
126.0 106 N/m 2 126.0 MPa (T)
210 109
Therefore:
P
Similarly:
My
P
A
M zc
I
P
A
M zc
I
P
420 10
P
A
P
A
88.2 MPa (C)
M yc
I
M yc
I
42.0 126.0 106 7854 10
172.2 MPa (T)
88.2 106 N/m 2

2
42.0 MPa (C)
329.9 103 N
330 kN ............................................................................................................................. Ans.
My
2c
172.2 88.2 106 4.909 10
12.783 103 N m
2 0.050
12.78 kN m ................................................................................................................ Ans.
Mz
Mz
200 10
2c
126.0 42.0 106 4.909 10

2 0.050
8.247 103 N m
8.25 kN m ................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-197*
1
64
I
Mx
T
0.75
64
50 18
50 7
0.03356 in.4
Vz
350 lb in.
0.06711 in.4
50 lb
13, 409 psi (T, top; C, bottom)
350 0.50
0.06711
Tc
J
2I
900 lb in.
900 0.5
0.003356
Mc
I
2608 psi
On the top of the pipe:

2
x
p1, p 2
2
xy
13, 409 0
2
13, 409 0
2
2608
p1
6705 7194
13,899 psi 13.90 ksi (T) ........................................................ Ans.
p2
6705 7194
489 psi
p3
0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.

p1
max
0.489 ksi (C) ............................................................. Ans.
13,899
p2
489
2
7194 psi
7.19 ksi ........................... Ans.
On the bottom of the pipe:

2
x
p1, p 2
2
xy
13, 409 0
2
13, 409 0
2
2608
p1
6705 7194
489 psi
p2
6705 7194
13,899 psi 13.90 ksi (C) ..................................................... Ans.
p3
0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.

p1
max
0.489 ksi (T) ........................................................... Ans.
p2
489
13,899
2
7194 psi
7.19 ksi .......................... Ans.
7-198
120
64
Qb
120
12
10.179 106 mm 4
20.358 106 mm 4
2I
144.0 103 mm3
TA
30 0.250
5 0.250
6.25 kN m
For the horizontal plane:
MB
0:
RC 2800
35 800
RC
10.00 kN Z
MC
0:
35 2000
RB 2800
RB
25.00 kN Z
35 2000
RC
25.00 kN
RB 800
RB
10.00 kN
For the horizontal plane:
MB
0:
MC
0:
RC 2800
35 2000
From the shear-force and bendingmoment diagrams:
VAx
10 kN
M Ax
12 kN m
VAz
10 kN
M Az
16 kN m
(Note that neither VAz nor M Az

affect the stresses at A.)
Therefore:
x
xy
12, 000 0.060
Mc
I
10.179 10
70.73 106 N/m 2
10, 000 144 10
6250 0, 060
Tc VQ
J
It
20.358 10
10.179 10
2
x
p1, p 2
2
xy
p1
35.365 40.433
5.068 MPa
p2
35.365 40.433
75.798 MPa
p3
0.120
70.73 00
2
19.60 106 N/m 2

70.73 0
2
19.60 MPa
19.60
5.07 MPa (T) ............................................ Ans.

76.0 MPa (C) ......................................... Ans.
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

p1
max
70.73 MPa (C)
p2
5.068
75.798
2
40.4 MPa ......................................... Ans.
7-199*
2
4
4 0.7854 in.2
64 0.04909 in.4
10 106 550 10
5500 psi
10 106 400 10
4000 psi
10 106
300 10
3000 psi
Q
A
P x 3 c
Q
A
Px c
I
Q
0.7854
Q
A
Px c
I
Px 0.50
Q
3000 psi
(c)
0.7854 0.04909
Q 392.7 lb 393 lb ................................................. Ans.
From adding Eqs. (b) and (c):
Q
0.7854
P x 3 0.50
0.04909
Px 0.50
0.04909
4000 psi
5500 psi
(a)
(b)
Px 343.63 lb
and from Eq. (a):
Px 3P 490.90 lb
Combining these last two equations gives: P 49.09 lb 49.1 lb ................................................ Ans.
and
x 7.00 in. .................................................................... Ans.
Then from Eq. (b):
7-200
P 125 kN (C)
Mz
50 0.900
265
4
265
4
axial
hoop
250
4
3
6067.2 mm 2
4
805.27 106 mm 4
2 250
3
125 103
P
A
6067.2 10
pr
2t
pr
t
VQ
It
50 kN
45.0 kN m
250
4
2 265
3
2r 3
3
Vx
1989.75 103 mm3
20.60 106 N/m 2 (C)
2500 103 0.250
20.833 106 N/m 2 (T)
2 0.015
41.667 106 N/m 2 (T)

50, 000 1989.75 10
805.27 10
0.030
4.118 106 N/m 2
Note that both A and B are on the neutral axis for bending and
the bending moment does not affect the stress at either A or B.
The affect of the other stresses is the same at both A and B.
x
41.667 MPa (T)
20.833 20.60 0.233 MPa (T)
xy
4.118 MPa

7-200
(a)
(cont.)
n
n
53.13
x
cos 2
41.667 cos
sin 2
53.13
2
xy
sin
0.233 sin
4.118 sin
sin cos
41.667
p1, p 2
53.13
53.13 cos
xy
0.233 sin
cos 2
53.13
sin 2
53.13 cos
4.118 cos 2
(b)
19.10 MPa 19.10 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.
nt
nt
cos
53.13
sin 2
53.13
53.13
21.0 MPa ............................................................................................................. Ans.

41.667 0.233
2
41.667 0.233
2
4.118
p1
20.950 21.122 42.072 MPa
42.1 MPa (T) ............................................... Ans.
p2
20.950 21.122
0.172 MPa (C) ........................................... Ans.
p3
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

p1
max
p2
0.172 MPa
42.072
0.172
2
21.1 MPa ......................................... Ans.
7-201
A
Q
4 12.566 in.2
2r 3 3 2 2
3 5.333 in.3
P 18 kip (C)
Mz
2.25 36
2.25 24
T
P
Mz
P
A
Iz
Vx
64 12.566 in.4
2I
25.133 in.4
2.25 kip
81.0 kip in.

54.0 kip in.
18
1.4324 ksi (C)
12.566
M zc
Iz
81 2
12.566
12.892 ksi (T, at A)
54 2
4.297 ksi
25.133
2.25 5.333
Vx Q
0.2387 ksi
12.566 4
I zt
Tc
J
7-201 (cont.)
Therefore, at A:
x
12.892 1.4324 11.459 ksi
0 ksi
xy
4.297 ksi
2
x
p1, p 2
11.459 0
2
2
xy
11.459 0
2
4.297
p1
5.730 7.162
12.892 ksi 12.89 ksi (T) ...................................................... Ans.
p2
5.730 7.162
1.432 ksi 1.432 ksi (C) ....................................................... Ans.
p3
0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.

p1
max
p2
12.892
1.432
2
7.16 ksi ............................................. Ans.
And at B:
1.4324 ksi 1.4324 ksi (C)
x
y
xy
0 ksi
4.297 0.2387
1.4324 0
2
p1, p 2
4.536 ksi
1.4324 0
2
4.536
p1
0.7162 4.592
3.876 ksi
3.88 ksi (T) ..................................................... Ans.
p2
0.7162 4.592
5.308 ksi
5.31 ksi (C) ..................................................... Ans.
p3
0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.

p1
max
p2
3.876
5.308
2
4.59 ksi ............................................... Ans.
7-202*
tan
35
30.96
For the entire chair:
Fy
MB
0:
0:
A B 84 28sin
0.2 84
0.5 24
0.4 A
0.3
0.5
cos
28
A 73.82 N
B 24.58 N
For member DF:
Fx
Fy
0:
0:
Dx
Fx
24 0
Fy
Dy 84 0
7-202* (cont.)
MD
0:
0.4 84
Fy
Dy
Fx 24 N
Dx
and
0.5 Fy
67.2 N
16.80 N
For member BCF:
Fx
0:
0:
Fy
MD
Fx Cx 28cos
24.58 C y 67.2 28sin
0.1667
sin
0.3
0:
28
0.1333 24.58
0.1667 67.2
Fx
115.1 N
Cx
0.2777 Fx
91.0 N
Cy
57.0 N
On a section midway between pins C and F:
a b 500 mm
222.2 mm
Therefore
c 133.3 mm
Fn
0:
M cut
24.6 cos 30.96
0:
M
A
P
A
top
top
bottom
top
b 2 138.9 mm
d 2 83.4 mm
166.7 mm
57.0 cos 30.96
91.0 138.9
2555 N mm
10 30
400 500
a
b
b 277.8 mm
57.0 83.4
116.79
Mc
I
24.6 216.7
0
0
300 10
22.5 10
2.093 106 N/m 2
22.5 103 mm 4
1.314 MPa (T) ......................................................... Ans.
116.79
300 10
10 30
12
2.555 0.015
1.3140 106 N/m 2

P
A
2.555 N m
300 mm
Mc
I
91.0sin 30.96
2.555 0.015
22.5 10
2.09 MPa (C) ............................................................. Ans.
7-203*
4
4
4
64
E
21
12.566 in.2
2I
45
45
E
2
which gives
EJ A
21
T
EIt
21
V
xy
Tc
J
29, 000 25.133 450 550 10
2 1 0.30 2
VQ
It
E
C
29, 000 12.566 4 550 450 10
2 1 0.30 5.333
10.513 kip 10.51 kip ............................................................................ Ans.
Tc
J
140.16 2
25.133
11.153 ksi
Mc
I
M 2
12.566
0.159160 M ksi
cos 2 45
x
E 0.5
sin 2 45
v
xy
2 29, 000 325 10

M
140.16 kip in. 140.2 kip in. .............................................................. Ans.
Tc VQ
J
It
45
45
At gage B:
45
45
Therefore:
Tc VQ
J
It
Tc VQ
J
It
45
which gives
25.133 in.2
45
45
xy
Also
11,154 ksi
2 2
5.333 in.3
3
Tc VQ
45
J
It
xy
At gage C:
29, 000
2 1 0.30
2r 3
3
At gage A:
12.566 in.2
21
xy
sin 45 cos 45
E 0.5
xy
G 0.5
2E
0.159160M 1 0.30
2 11.154 1 0.30
91.1 kip in. .............................................................................................. Ans.
7-204
4502 4402
450
440
27,960 mm 2
2768.8 106 mm 4
mg
250 9.81
2453 N (C)
Vx
pA
1500 8 3
36, 000 N
Mx
W 3
2453 3
Mz
P 9
36, 000 9
P 3
F
2453
27,960 10
2I
5537.5 106 mm 4
7359 N m
36, 000 3
F
A
3960.7 103 mm3
2 4503 4403
324 103 N m
108, 000 N m
0.08773 106 N/m 2
0.08773 MPa (C)
Vx
At A:
2768.8 10
5537.5 10
Vx Q
It
2768.8 10
108, 000 0.450
Tc
J
1.1959 106 N/m 2
324 103 0.450
M zc
I
Mz
7359 0.450
M xc
I
Mx
2768.8 10
0 MPa
y
8.776 106 N/m 2
M xc
I
52.65 MPa
8.776 MPa
0.020
xy
F
A
52.65 106 N/m 2
36, 000 3960.7 10
1.1959 MPa
2.575 106 N/m 2
Tc Vx Q
J
It
2.575 MPa
8.776 2.575 11.351 MPa
0.08773 1.1959 1.2838 MPa (C)
7-204 (cont.)
2
x
p1, p 2
0 1.2838
2
2
xy
0 1.2838
2
11.351
p1
0.6418 11.369
10.7272 MPa 10.73 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
p2
0.6418 11.369
12.0108 MPa 12.01 MPa (C) ..................................... Ans.
p3
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

p1
max
At B:
p2
12.0108
0 MPa
Tc
J
xy
M zc
I
F
A
p1, p 2
10.7272
0 52.56
2
11.37 MPa ................................ Ans.
8.776 MPa
0.08773 52.65 52.56 MPa (T)
0 52.56
2
8.776
p1
26.28 27.71
53.99 MPa
p2
26.28 27.71
1.430 MPa 1.430 MPa (C) ................................................. Ans.
p3
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

p1
max
p2
53.99
54.0 MPa (T) ................................................... Ans.
1.430
2
27.7 MPa ........................................... Ans.
7-205
MC
0:
1350 5
670 5
10 RA
RA 1010 lb
tan
13 10
52.431
At the section containing G and H:
Fn
0:
1010sin
Ft
0:
1010 cos
3.5
M cut
0:
1010 cos
P 800.6 lb
V
M 2155.3 lb ft
A
4 4
4 4
12
16 in.2
615.8 lb
QH
yC A
1.5 4 1
6.00 in.3
21.333 in.4
At point G:
P
A
p1
Mc
800.6 2155.3 12 2
0
2474.8 psi
I
16
21.333
0 psi ........................ p 2
2474.8 psi 2470 psi C ............................ Ans.
p3
p1
max
p2
2474.8
2
1237 psi .................................................... Ans.
At point H:
Mc
800.6 2155.3 12 1
I
16
21.333
615.8 6.00
VQ
43.30 psi
It
21.333 4
P
A
p1, p 2
1162.3 0
2
1162.3 0
2
1162.3 psi
43.30
p1
581.15 582.76
1163.91 psi 1164 psi (T) ................................................ Ans.
p2
581.15 582.76
1.61 psi 1.61 psi (C) ........................................................ Ans.
p3
0 psi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.

p1
max
p2
1163.91
1.61
2
583 psi ............................................... Ans.

7-206
(a)
P 360 kN
M
360 0.150
A 2 120 30
120 240
12
P
A
My
I
270 kN
270 0.450
12, 600 mm 2
30 180
3
90 180
12
360 103
12, 600 10
175.5 kN m
94.50 106 mm 4
175.5 103 y
94.50 10
28.571 1857.14 y 106 N/m 2

C
28.571
1857.14 0.120
251.43 MPa (T)
28.571
1857.14 0.120
194.29 MPa (C)
120 y
120 120 y
2
yC A
105 120 30
378, 000 15 90
xy
VQ
It
60 1202
y 2 mm3
90 y
30 90 y
2
2
270 103 Q
94.50 10
mm
y 120 mm
90
y 90 mm
90
y 120 mm
t 120 mm
90
30 mm
90
y 90 mm

7-206
(cont.)
(b)
240
y
(c)
240
194.29
104.62 mm
194.29 251.43
0
p1, p 2
2
p
2
p1
max
2
2
xy
p2
7-207
1 0.25
M
(a)
(b)
0.25 1
12
bh3
12
0.25 in 2
P 3
0.02083 in.4
3P lb
Mc
I
P
0.25
3P 0.5
0.02083
P Mc
A I
1 s
P
0.25
3P 0.5
0.02083
P
A
76.01P psi
68.01P psi
B
B
76.01
0.5278 in.
76.01 68.01
The distance s is independent of P .
7-208*
By symmetry each support carries half of the total load:
6700 N
Vmax
6700 N
M max
13, 400 N m
M max 13, 400

9 106 N/m 2
S
S
13, 400
1488.9 10 6 m3
9 106
Then
max
1488.9 103 mm3

Try a 203 254-mm timber with
S 1850 103 mm3
A 46, 000 mm 2
223 106 mm 4
29.4 kg/m
When the weight of the beam is included,

the maximum moment is
M load
M weight
13, 400
29.4 9.81 5
14,301 N m
14,301
1589 10
9 106
m3 1589 103 mm3
which is still okay. Next, check the shear stress,
Vmax
max
Vload Vweght
1.5
Vmax
A
6700
1.5 7421
46, 000
29.4 9.81 5
2
242 103 N/m 2
7421 N
242 kPa
which is much less than the allowable shear stress of 600 kPa . Therefore, this design is okay.
Use a 203 254-mm timber ............................................................................................... Ans.
7-209*
B 1800 lb
Vmax
1800 lb
M max
10,800 lb ft
M max 10,800 12
1900 psi
S
S
10,800 12
S
68.21 in.3
1900
Try an 8 8-in. timber with
Then
max
70.3 in.3
A 56.3 in.2
264 in.4
w 15.6 lb/ft
When the weight of the beam is included,

the maximum moment is
M load
M weight
11,580 12
1900
15.6 20
8
10,800
11,580 lb ft
73.14 in.3
which is bigger than the section modulus of the chosen timber. Next, try a 4 12-in. timber with
79.9 in.3
459 in.4
A 41.7 in.2
w 11.6 lb/ft
When the weight of the beam is included, the maximum moment is now
10,800
11.6 20
8
11,380 lb ft
11,380 12
1900
71.87 in.3
Vmax
max
Vload Vweght
1.5
Vmax
A
1800
1.5 1916
41.7
11.6 20
2
1916 lb
68.92 psi
which is less than the allowable shear stress of 90 psi . Therefore, this design is okay.
Use a 4 12-in. timber ......................................................................................................... Ans.
7-210
MB
0:
MC
0:
M max
Therefore
0.25 275 9.807

1.75 449.5
449.5 1.5
M max
S
674.25
135 106
max
1.5 P
0.25 B
449.5 N
3147 N
674.25 N m
674.25
135 106 N/m 2
S
4.994 10
m3
4.994 103 mm3
Use a 38-mm diameter standard weight pipe ................................................. Ans.
7-211*
4 16 2 32 kip
Vmax
32 kip
M max
128 kip ft
M max 128 12
22 ksi
S
S
128 12
S
69.82 in.3
22
Try a W 18 60 section with
Then
max
S 108 in.3
tw 0.415 in.
2c 18.24 in.
w 60 lb/ft
When the weight of the beam is included, the maximum moment is
M
S
M load
M weight
129.92 12
22
0.060 16
8
128
129.92 lb ft
70.87 in.3
Vmax
max
Vload Vweght
Vmax
Aweb
32
0.060 16
2
32.48
0.415 18.24
32.48 kip
4.29 ksi
which is less than the allowable shear stress of 14.5 ksi . Therefore, this design is okay.
Use a W 18 60 section ...................................................................................................... Ans.
7-212*
42 kN
Vmax
42 kN
M max
82.5 kN m
M max 82,500
152 106 N/m 2
S
S
82,500
542.8 10 6 m3 542.8 103 mm3
6
152 10
Then
max
Try an S 305 47 section with
596 103 mm3
2c 304.8 mm
tw
8.9 mm
47 kg/m
M load
84, 243
152 106
M weight
47 9.81 5.5
8
82,500
554.2 10
m3
84, 243 N m
554.2 103 mm3
Vmax
max
Vload Vweght
Vmax
Aweb
42, 000
47 9.81 5.5
2
43, 268 N
43, 268
15.95 106 N/m 2
0.0089 0.3048
15.95 MPa
which is much less than the allowable shear stress of 100 MPa . Therefore, this design is okay.
Use an S 305 47 section .................................................................................................. Ans.
7-213
B 3000 lb
Vmax
3 kip
M max
24 kip ft
M max 24 12
22 ksi
S
S
24 12
S
13.091 in.3
22
Then
max
S 16.7 in.3
tw
w 25 lb/ft
0.320 in.
2c
6.38 in.
M
S
24, 000
25 24
8
25,800 lb ft
25.80 12
14.07 in.3
22
Vmax
max
Vload Vweght
Vmax
Aweb
3000
25 24
2
3300 lb
3300
1616.4 psi
0.320 6.35
which is much less than the allowable shear stress of 14.5 ksi . Therefore, this design is okay.
Use a W 6 25 section ....................................................................................................... Ans.
7-214*
MB
0:
MA
0:
15 8 x
8A 0
8 B 15 x
15 1.875 x kN
1.875 x kN
For any location x , the maximum moment in the beam occurs

under the load and is equal to
MC
Ax
15 x 1.875 x 2 kN m
The location x that makes M C a maximum is found from
dM C
dx
15 3.75 x
x
which gives
0
M max
4.00 m
30 kN m
M max 30, 000

152 106 N/m 2
S
S
30, 000
197.4 10 6 m3 197.4 103 mm3
6
152 10
Then
max
Try an S 203 27 section with
236 103 mm3
2c
tw
203.2 mm
6.9 mm
27 kg/m
M load
34,386
152 106
M weight
34.386 kN m
226.2 10
m3
226.2 103 mm3
which is still okay. Next, check the shear stress, The maximum shear stress occurs
when the load is near one of the supports x
Vmax
max
Vload Vweght
Vmax
Aweb
15, 000
0 or x 8 m and is equal to
27 9.81 8
2
16, 059 N
16, 059
11.45 106 N/m 2 11.45 MPa
0.0069 0.2032
which is much less than the allowable shear stress of 100 MPa . Therefore, this design is okay.
Use an S 203 27 section .................................................................................................. Ans.
7-215
Since the joists are spaced 16 in. (1.3333 ft) apart,
the uniformly distributed load is
60 1.3333
80 lb/ft
12 80 2
480 lb
Vmax
480 lb
M max
1440 lb ft
M max 1440 12
1200 psi
S
S
1440 12
S
14.40 in.3
1200
Try a 2 8-in.timber with
Then
max
S 15.3 in.3
57.1 in.4
A 12.2 in.2
w 3.39 lb/ft
1440
3.39 12
8
1501 lb ft
1501 12
15.01 in.3
1200
Vmax
480
3.39 12
2
500.3 lb
max
1.5
Vmax
A
1.5 500.3
12.2
61.51 psi
which is much less than the allowable shear stress of 120 psi . Therefore, this design is okay.
Use a 2 8-in. timber section ............................................................................................ Ans.
7-216
MA
0:
6 B 8829b
0:
A B 2 8829
15, 451 2943b N
A
Then
2943b 2207 N
B
Fy
8829 b 1.5
15, 451 2943b N
VAC
VCD
VAC 8829
MC
VAC b
MD
M C VCD 1.5
6622 2943b N
15, 451b 2943b 2 N m
9933 11, 036b 2943b 2 N m

Clearly, the maximum moment occurs under one of the wheels. The
location b which gives the maximum for these moments is found from
dM C
db
15, 451 5886b

b
dM D
db
2.625 m
11, 036 5886b

b 1.875 m
MC
20, 280 N m
MD
18, 624 N m
MC
18, 624 N m
MD
20, 280 N m
Therefore, the maximum bending moment occurs

under the wheel closest to the center of the beam
M max
20, 280 N m
The minimum section modulus required is:
S min
M max
all
20, 280
165 106
122.9 10
m3 122.9 103 mm3
S 139 103 mm3
2c 127 mm
tw
24 kg/m
6.1 mm
Next, check the shear stress, The maximum shear stress occurs
when the load is near one of the supports x
max
Vmax
Aweb
0 or x
6m
15, 451
19.94 106 N/m 2
0.0061 0.127
19.94 MPa
which is much less than the allowable shear stress of 100 MPa .
Therefore, this design is okay.
Use a W 127 24 section ................................................................................................... Ans.
7-217*
(b)
2 2 8
2 5
2
3
I
(a)
2 4 2 8
Mx
A
yC
max
Mr
5 1
A
yA
12 3
3
A
1 8 2
8 2
8 1
3
5 2000
2000 272.00
1
3.00 in.
272.00 in.4
10, 000 psi 10 ksi (C) ..................................... Ans.
544 103 lb in. 544 kip in. ...................... Ans.
7-218*
100 37.5 200

37.5 200
yC
Mx
A
37.5 150
3
bottom
bottom
top
top
Mr y
I
100 100
3
100 103
62.5 50
3
150.0 mm
72.92 106 mm 4
0.150
72.92 10
206 106 N/m 2

Mr y
I
225 100 50
100 50
206 MPa (T) ..................................................................... Ans.
100 103
72.92 10
0.100
6
137.1 106 N/m 2 137.1 MPa (C) ................................................................... Ans.
7-219
For 0 ft
V
V
M
x 10 ft
200 6
760 300 x
300 x 1960 lb ............................................ Ans.

200 6 x 3
760 x
300 x x 2
150 x 2 1960 x 3600 lb ft ................... Ans.
7-220*
ME
0:
10 12
RB
0:
Fy
For 0 m
V
V
M
M
8 RB
57 kN
RB
RE
8 6 7
RE 10
8 6
20 0
21 kN
4m
10
8 x 2
57
31 8 x kN ...................................................... Ans.
10 x 4
8 x 2
x 2
2
57 x
4 x 2 31x 56 kN m .............................. Ans.
7-221
4 1 8
1 8
yC
8.5 4 1
4 1
5.50 in.
3
4 3.5
3
97.00 in.4
At M
3 2.5
3
1 5.5
3
14.742 kip ft
Mr y
I
top
Mr y
I
bottom
At M
14.742 12
97.00
14.742 12
97.00
3.5
5.5
6.38 ksi
10.03 ksi
3.980 kip ft
Mr y
I
top
bottom
Mr y
I
3.980 12
97.00
3.980 12
97.00
3.5
5.5
1.723 ksi
2.71 ksi
max
10.03 ksi (T) ........................................................................................................... Ans.
max
6.38 ksi (C) ............................................................................................................. Ans.
7-222
ME
0:
10 5
0:
4E
10 1
E 20.0 kN
For a WT 305 70 section :
15 2 2
10 3
wf
230.3 mm
tf
22.2 mm
77.4 106 mm 4
At the bottom of the beam 2.33 m from the left support:
23.33 103
Mc
I
0.2328
77.4 10
70.2 106 N/m 2
70.2 MPa (T) ................................................................... Ans.
At the bottom of the beam at the left support:

bottom
max C
QNA
10.00 103
Mc
I
max
QJ
30.1 106 N/m 2
77.4 10
77.4 10
355.0 103 mm3
0.0131
yC A 64.8 230.3 22.2

6
30.1 MPa (C) .................................................................... Ans.
yC A 116.4 232.8 13.1
20 103 331.3 10
J
0.2328
77.4 10
20 103 355 10
(d)
2c 308.7 mm
tw 13.1 mm
max T
(c)
75.9 mm
bottom
(b)
10 1
yC
I
(a)
15 2 2
30.0 kN
MB
4B
7.00 106 N/m 2
7.00 MPa .................................. Ans.
331.3 103 mm3
0.0131
6.53 106 N/m 2
6.53 MPa .................................. Ans.
7-223*
M ry
6.00 kip ft
tan
72.00 kip in.
M ry I z
M rz I yz
M rz I y
M ry I yz
59.46
At point A ( y
I yIz
59.46
M ry I yz
I yz2
72.00
A
4.68 ksi
At point B ( y
M ry I z
I y Iz
52.5
M rz I yz
I yz2
89.0
M ry
I yz y I z z
I y Iz
I yz2
2.37
4.68 ksi (C) .................................................................................... Ans.

52.5
89.0
2.37 in. ):
2.37
1.37 in. and z
72.00
B
52.5
89.0
89.0
1.69524
52.5
Iz
I yz
2.37 in. and z
M rz I y
M rz
5.63 in. ):
1.37
52.5
89.0
5.63
5.98 ksi 5.98 ksi (T) ..................................................................................... Ans.
7-224
3
30 75
1.05469 106 mm 4
12
h 75
3.75
d 20
From Fig. 7-34:
K t 2.25
I
Kt
Mc
I
2.25
1400 0.0375
1.05469 10
d
b
20
50
0.4
112.0 106 N/m 2
112.0 MPa ............... Ans.

7-225*
wf
14.670 in.
Me
Mp
36 190
2 36
Mp
2c 14.48 in.
tw
0.590 in.
tf
0.940 in.
S 190 in.3
6840 kip in. ............................................................................ Ans.
14.670 0.940 6.77
2 36
6.30 0.590 3.15
7564.7 kip in. 7560 kip in. ........................................................................ Ans.
7-226*
QA
25 50 3
QC
50 100 3
QD
50 100 3
6 100
12
2 100 3 50
2.00 10
0.003
2500 18.75 10
2.00 10
2.00 10
max
2
0:
A1 2
A
2.00 106 mm 4
VQD
It
18.75 103 mm3
2500 15.00 10
F3
25 50 3
VQC
It
F1
0 mm3
QB
15.00 103 mm3
2500 3.75 10
VQA
It
Therefore:
MO
3.75 103 mm3
1.5625 106 N/m 2
0.003
6.25 106 N/m 2
0.003
7.81 106 N/m 2
7.81 MPa ...................................................................................... Ans.
6.25 106 0.100 0.003 2 937.5 N
A3 3 2 1.5625 106 0.100 0.003 3 312.5 N

Pe F1 100
F3 100
937.5 100
312.5 100
2500
25.00 mm
25.00 mm
............................... Ans.
7-227
Ea
Ep
10, 000
300
My p
p
IT
nMya
IT
33.33
10 1.5
IT
1 ksi
33.33 10 1.625
IT
33.33w 3.25
IT
12
20.36 w 22.58
IT
20 ksi
15.00 in.4
IT
27.08 in.4
33.33w 2 3
27.08 in.4
12
w 1.109 in. .................................................................. Ans.
7-228
Es
Ec
As
20
AT
nAs
11.765 1256.6
200
11.765
17
250h h 2
1256.6 mm 2
14, 784 mm 2
14, 784 400 h
h 2 118.27h 47,310 0
h 166.27 mm
From which:
IT
250 166.27
3
Myc
IT
y s yc
400 h
14, 784 233.7
62,500 0.16627
386.5 106 mm 4
26.89 106 N/m 2
26.9 MPa (C) ................. Ans.
233.7 166.27 11.765 26.89
445 MPa (T) ................. Ans.
386.5 10
n
233.7 mm
7-229*
2.25 3
3.5 2 1
RC
9.25 in.2
2.5 1
11 3
1 1 2
5.5 1.5 3
dA
4
3
1 ln 4 3
7
4
4 3
5 0.5
5 ln 7 4 4
2.01040 R 9.25 in.2

9.25
R
4.6011 in.
2.01040
yC R RC 4.6011 4.8468
1.5 3 2
9.25
RC P
d
0.5 7 4
0.2457 in.
4.8468 P kip in.
M R ri
ri AyC
P
A
4.8468 in.
P
9.25
4.8468P 4.6011 3
3 9.25 0.2457
P
9.25
4.8468P 4.6011 7
7 9.25 0.2457
12 ksi
P 9.63 kip
o
M R ro
ro AyC
P
A
P
Pmax
16 ksi
25.7 kip
9.63 kip ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
7-230
320 3 5
192 kN
320 4 5
256 kN
256 0.250 0.320
192 0.240
192 kN m
A
15, 000 mm 2
75 200
bh3
12
75 200
12
yC A
75 50 75
At point A:
yA
281.3 103 mm3
0 MPa
xA
P
A
50.0 106 mm 4
192 103
Mc
I
192 103 0.050
15 10
50.0 10
204.8 106 N/m 2

xyA
204.8 MPa
256 103 281.3 10
VQ
It
50.0 10
19.203 106 N/m 2
0.075
2
x
p1, p 2
2
xy
0 204.8
2
19.203 MPa
0 204.8
2
19.203
p1
102.4 104.19 206.6 MPa
p2
102.4 104.19
p3
0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.

p1
max
p2
207 MPa (T) ..................................................... Ans.
1.790 MPa 1.790 MPa (C) ............................................... Ans.
206.6
1.790
2
104.2 MPa ......................................... Ans.
7-231
From symmetry, each of the supports carries half of the total load
RB
RC
2900 lb
At point A:
MA
T
5800 lb ft
69.6 kip in.
2500 12
400 12
25, 200 lb in. 25.20 kip in.

d 4 64
I
J
xy
64 12.566 in.4
25.133 in.4
2I
x
69.6 2
12.566
Mc
I
0 ksi
25.2 2
25.133
Tc
J
11.078 ksi
2.005 ksi
2
x
p1, p 2
p1
5.539 5.891 0.352 ksi
p2
5.539 5.891
p3
11.078 0
2
11.078 0
2
2.005
0.352 ksi (T) ........................................................ Ans.
11.430 ksi 11.43 ksi (C) ................................................... Ans.
0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.

p1
max
2
xy
p2
0.352
11.430
2
5.89 ksi ............................................ Ans.
7-232*
From the bending-moment diagram:
M max
S
7.5 kN m
7500
60 106
125.0 10
m3
125.0 103 mm3

For each angle:
125 103
62.5 103 mm3
2
Use two L 178 102 9.5-mm angles .............. Ans.
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Continued on next slide
Problem 8-109 continued


Solution Manuel For Analysis of Mechanical Components

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

1.5T 5.5W 11.5 20

T 3.667W 153.33 lb ............................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

T1 1799 N .............................................................................. Ans.

317 N ................................................................................ Ans.

1717 N ....................................................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

N B cos 45o 300 0

1.5 N B cos 45o

are solved to get

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

13.3333 15 TCD cos 45o

are solved to get

13.33 kN (T) ............................................................................................................ Ans.

11.67 kN 11.67 kN (C) .................................................................................. Ans.

2.36 kN (C) ...................................................................................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

are solved to get

Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section

are solved to get

33.3333 kip 33.3 kip (C) ............................................................................... Ans.

17.32 kip 17.32 kip (T) .................................................................................. Ans.

23.1 kip (T) .................................................................................. Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

22.13 ........................................................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

B 500 800 700 400 0

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

From a free-body diagram of the lower pulley,

Then, from a free-body diagram of the upper pulley,

100T1 90T1 100 F

221 N ............................................................................................................................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

Are solved to get the forces

77.47 ..................................... Ans.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition

RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS