Basics of Electronics & Embedded Systems: Amit Chawla Shivam Dikshit

BASICS OF ELECTRONICS & EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AMIT CHAWLA SHIVAM DIKSHIT
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TODAYS CONTENT
Overview of Electronics & Embedded Systems
Introduction to C Programming & Embedded C
ELECTRONICS
The science and technology of the conduction of electricity in a vacuum, a gas, or a semiconductor, and devices based thereon. Started with development of telegraph in late 19th century.
Applications:
Radio. Television. RADAR.
Computers.
TYPES OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

Analog circuit. They use a continuous range of voltage. Digital Circuit. They are based on a number of discrete voltage levels.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is one that has a dedicated purpose software embedded in a computer hardware. It processes a fixed set of pre-programmed instructions to control electromechanical equipment which may be part of an even larger system
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PC AND ES

Personal Computer General purpose system Always having a user interface Slow in operation Large in size Embedded System Single purpose Less or no user interface Faster than PC Smaller in size
Power consuming
Requires less power
TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

a) Embedded systems are application specific & single functioned; b) Efficiency is of paramount importance for embedded systems c) Embedded systems are typically designed to meet real time constraints; a real time system reacts to stimuli from the controlled object/ operator within the time interval dictated by the environment. d) Embedded systems often interact (sense, manipulate & communicate) with external world through sensors and actuators e) They generally have minimal or no user interface.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

An embedded system design involves number of stages: Requirement analysis. Defining the system specifications. Modeling the system to be designed. HW-SW partitioning. Selection of technology.
Resource Analysis Cost, Time & Manpower.

Identification of components and development tools
EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN CONTD.

Identification of components and development tools. Circuit design/ Schematic Capture, PCB layout design & fabrication. Firmware development Debugging & testing. System Integration. Testing functional, environmental
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PROGRAM
A Sequence of instructions, written to perform a specified task . Human readable form of program is source code. Computer uses the executable form of the program.
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INTRODUCTION TO C
Developed in 1970s by Dennis Ritchie. It is an example of structured programming. High level language.
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EMBEDDED C
Extension for the C Programming language. Supports features of embedded systems. Earlier programs were developed using assemblers and fused into the EPROMs.
There was no mechanism to find what the program was doing.

Assembly language programs were specific to a processor.
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FEATURES OF EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING

Code Speed Governed by the processing power, timing constraints. Code Size Governed by available program memory and use of programming language
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ADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED C
It is small and reasonably simpler to learn, understand, program and debug.
C Compilers are available for almost all embedded devices in use today. Unlike assembly, C has advantage of processor-independence. As C combines functionality of assembly language and features of high level languages, C is treated as a middle-level computer language or high level assembly language
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ADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED C CONTD.

It is fairly efficient. It supports access to I/O. It provides direct hardware control without sacrificing benefits of high level languages. C Code written is more reliable and scalable. Codes written in C offers better productivity.
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C AND EMBEDDED C

C Embedded C
Used for desktop computers microcontroller based applications Larger programming memory available
No real-time constraints Limited resources (RAM, ROM, I/Os) on an embedded processor Real-time constraints
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BASICS OF ELECTRONICS & EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

AMIT CHAWLA SHIVAM DIKSHIT

Introduction to C Programming & Embedded C

Radio. Television. RADAR.

TYPES OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PC AND ES

Requires less power

TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM

CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

Resource Analysis Cost, Time & Manpower.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN CONTD.

There was no mechanism to find what the program was doing.

FEATURES OF EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING

ADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED C CONTD.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C AND EMBEDDED C

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