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Brief history
Antoine Becquerel first described the photovoltaic effect in 1839, and Albert Einstein explained the mechanisms in 1912
When a material is exposed to sunlight, exposed atoms release electrons The free Electrons create a continuous low voltage
In the 1950s teams of Bell Laboratories manufactured the first crystalline silicon cell
First commercial applications with space programs
A real interest born from the second oil shock (early 1980) for terrestrial energetic applications
In 1963 the first cells are installed in Japan Today, photovoltaic cells are present in various applications
Schneider Electric - Renewable Energy Oscar Araujo 3
Installations in buildings
(few 100 kW)
Solar Farms
(few megawatt)
Current generation
A cell 70 mm
Photons
N doped zone
300 m
P doped zone
- - - - + + ++ +
+
A slice of silicon
The energy of photons from the sun will release electrons The electrons will recombine with holes through the external circuit to balance the junction : A direct electrical current is generated
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Energy production
A photovoltaic generator produces DC
Energy conversion
An inverter converts direct current into alternating current .
Inverter
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Schneider position and offer: leader in offering the lowest LCOE possible
Increase O&M efficiency Offer high level of Equipment reliability Decrease Construction price
O&M costs
production High level of Bankability By Reduction of risks taxes Financing costs Reduction of Construction time
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115%
110% 105% 100% 95% 90% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
MW
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Civil work :
Land leveled if needed,
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Structures :
Aluminum or steel construction
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Modules :
Crystalline or thin-film
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Array boxes :
Connect strings Cables are usually trenched
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Grid-Tie Substation
Includes transformers Circuit breakers energy meters
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Large power plants are just " Copy-and-Paste " of smaller blocks
1MW (or larger blocks) 20 000m
Olmedilla, Spain, 60 MW
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SE Business Models
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Electrical EPC Adequate packages + Project Management Electrical Engineering Electrical Installation Security system Operations and Maintenance Services Commitment on availability level
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Products/Equipment Inverters Transformers Switchgears Solution Package: PV Box Grid Box Array Box Monitoring/SCADA
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