WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

TOPIC 3

SENTENCE TYPES

This module intends to help course participants to revise and analyse the features and structures of various sentence types and to compare their functions. Learning Outcomes To enable CPs to identify features of the simple compound and comple! sentence. Construct different sentence types "ssess o#n lan$ua$e pro$ress throu$h self and peer evaluation.

Content There are three types of sentences #hich are cate$orised accordin$ to their structural or construction type %&as'aran ())*+. They are, -. (. 3. Simple sentence Compound sentence Comple! sentence TYPES O SE!TE!"ES

"O#PO$!% SE!TE!"E

S&#PLE SE!TE!"E

"O#PLE' SE!TE!"E

-. What is a Simple Sentence ? " SI.P/E SENTENCE has only one sub0ect and one predicate. The sub0ect is usually a noun pronoun or a noun phrase.The predicate is the verb ad0ective or adverb.
E!amples Sub0ect .aria The boy and his do$ 4oin$ for a movie 1erb 2 Predicate is intelli$ent. are their nei$hbours3 favourites. used to be her favourite pastime

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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

Other examples: i+ ii+ iii+ Ali s#ims:He is the man,5 /on$ live 7 predicate 1.1 What is the sub ect o! a sentence ? It is a #ord or a $roup of #ords that name the person or thin$ bein$ tal'ed about. i+ ii+ iii+ 1.$ "ohan arrived yesterday M# !riend is a $ood runner. "lthou$h he is bi$ he is not stron$. Ali - subject and swims - predicate He 5 sub0ect and is the man 5 predicate

/on$ live the DYMM Agong. The 6Y.. "$on$5 sub0ect

What is the predicate o! a sentence? It is the story or the content of #hat is bein$ tal'ed about. The #ord 3predicate 3 comes from the /atin #ord praedicare, meanin$ to assert. " predicate asserts or say somethin$ about the sub0ect of the sentence. i+ ii+ iii+ The students have all passed the test. 8e was punished by his father . I cannot o fishin today.

(. What is a compound sentence? 9hen t#o or more simple sentences are 0oined by a coordinatin$ con0unction or con0unctions they become a CO.PO:N6 SENTENCE. (." compound sentence can be lo$ically formed by usin$, 5 5 a comma and a coordinatin$ con0unction; Independent clause% coordinating con unction Independent clause

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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

(.( There are seven coordinatin$ con0unctions and they can be represented by the mnemonic &A'(OYS, (.(.( (.3 (.= (.* (.> (.? (.3 < " N & O Y S 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 for and nor but or yet so

Other e!amples

ye( +o(h, nei(her,nor

ne)er(heless no( only,+u( also ei(her,or s(ill

ho*e)er (herefore as *ell as

E!ample - i+

Ni$ht came

ii+ The house $re# dar' !i ht came and the house rew dar". @ Compound sentenceA E!ample ( i+ ii+ E!ample 3 i+ ii+ Sheera #as an$ry. She 'ept Buiet. 8e is rich. 8e is 'ind5hearted @ Compound sentence A

#heera was an ry yet she "ept $uiet. @ Compound sentence A

8e is both rich and 'ind5hearted

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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

)*ercise 1

Identify #hether the sentences belo# are simple or compound sentences. -. &ill3s in0ured foot still hurts and he cannot put pressure on it. (. You should not bully or tease the little $irl. 3. 8is soc's have holes in them yet he continues to #ear them. =. Cobert is usually very active; ho#ever today he seems rather passive. *. I understand your problem but I cannot help you solve it. >. The children #ere nau$hty so they #ere not allo#ed to $o for a movie. ?. 8e is a lonely child #ith no brothers or sisters. D. .inah #as #atchin$ television and s'ypin$ at the same time.

)*ercise $ Combine each set of simple sentences into a compound sentence. -. The sea #as rou$h. The #ind #as cold. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (. The cinemato$raphy is $ood. The actin$ is bad. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 3. You come in. I3ll $o out. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE =. The #eddin$ #ent #ell. It started rainin$. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE *. 8e is a $ood husband. 8e is a $ood father too. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE >. Yusni is nau$hty. 8e is stubborn too. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

?.

"li is a $ood #or'er. 8e is innovative . EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

D.

There is an economic slo#do#n no#. The cost of livin$ is spirallin$

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE F. The #aves rolled to the shore. It #as a () foot tsunami. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE -). The villa$ers #ere un#illin$ to move out. The volcanoe #as sho#in$ si$ns of e!plodin$. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 3. What is a Comple* Sentence ? It is a simple sentence 0oined by a clause. It consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. " Comple! Sentence can be formed #ith at least one independent clause and one dependent clause is 0oined by a subordinatin$ con0unction. can be constructed in t#o #ays, Independent clause subordinating con unction 6ependent clause; or e.$. They did not attend the function as it #as rainin$ heavily. Subordinating con unction 6ependent clause% Independent clause e.$. "s it #as rainin$ heavily they did not attend the function.
E!amples of subordinatin$ con0unctions, as althou$h in order that until #hose unless because even if so %that+ #hile ho# if provided %that+ even thou$h after #ho #hen before since thou$h as soon as #hich that #here%ever+

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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

E!amples i+ "li ran as Buic'ly as he could. Ali ran. 7 simple sentence. as $uic"ly as he could 7 clause ii+ Cita #ho cut her fin$er cried. %ita cried. 7simple sentence who cut her fin er 5 clause iii+ 8e bou$ht a shirt made of Gelantanese sil'. He bou ht a shirt & simple sentence made of 'elantanese sil".- clause )*ercise + Separate each of the follo#in$ comple! sentences into a simple sentence and a clause. -. /eon$ found a #allet #hich #as full of money. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE simple sentence EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE clause (. The #allet #hich /eon$ found belon$ed to Pa' "bu. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE simple sentence EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE clause 3. The boy #ho 0umped over the $ate hurt himself. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE simple sentence EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE clause =. "s he did not study he failed. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE simple sentence EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE clause *. The $irl #ho tal'ed to you #as his dau$hter. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE simple sentence [/]

WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1 EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE clause

E!ercise = , Combine each pair of simple sentences to ma'e a comple! sentence. The first one has been done for you. E!ample -, i+ You have done #ell. That is $ood. (hat you have done well is ood. ii+ Cina #as helpful. 9e #ill never for$et her. )e will never for et %ina who was helpful. -. The farmer had a $oose. The $oose laid a $olden e$$ everyday. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (. She #ill #ait for her boy friend. She #ill #ait till he came. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE .uthu is her son. 8e is a $ood athlete. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 3. The $iant came for his ma$ic $oose. The farmer stole the $oose. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE =. 6o not eat too much carbohydrates. You #ill become obese. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE *. 8e #ill be late. That is certain. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE >. Camu is clever. 8alim is eBually clever. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE ?. The team played very #ell. It did not #in. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE D. The teacher smiled. She patted my shoulder and con$ratulated me. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE [0]

WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

E!ercise 3 ,5 Cead the follo#in$ stories and in the mar$in indicate #hether the sentence is a simple %S+ compound % C + or comple! % H + sentence. Story One fine mornin$ the .ouse family #ere out strollin$. Papa .ouse and .ama .ouse #ere holdin$ /ittle .ouse3s hands. "t the corner of the barn they came face to face #ith <at Cat .ama .ouse and /ittle .ouse sBuealed #ith terror. Papa .ouse pushed them behind him and stepped for#ard. 8e #as very brave. 9ith a loud roar Papa .ouse said I )oof, woof *** *+ <at Cat loo'ed at Papa .ouse in horror. 8e turned round and shot off li'e a bullet. Papa .ouse loo'ed at /ittle .ouse and said IIt pays to learn a second lan$ua$eI Story ( -. One day "lia #as #al'in$ home. (. She sa# a stray 'itten. 3. It #as #et and shiverin$ cold . =. She pi'ed it up and too' it home. *. She bathed it clean usin$ #arm #ater and cat shampoo. >. The 'itten had an annoyin$ habit. ?. It used the sofa as a scratchin$ post. D. "lia3s father offered to train the 'itten. F. Everytime it scratched the sofa he put it outside the house. -). The 'itten learned fast. --. <or the ne!t five years everytime it #anted to $o out [1] EESEEE EE EEE EE EEE EE EEE EE EEE EE EEE EE EEE EE EEE EE EEE EE EEE -). EEEEEE -. EEEEEE (.EEEEEE 3.EEEEEEEE =. EEEEEEE *. EEEEEEE > EEEEEEE ,. EEEEEEE D. EEEEEEEE F EEEEEEE

WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1 it scratched the sofa.

(#, Ashidah bt. Asnan -AS. 1 Select a te!t of about -*) #ords and identify at least three %3+ sentences for each sentence type found in the said te!t. Cate$orise these sentences correctly in a table. -AS. $. (. Choose t#o different types of te!ts and identify the sentence types used in these te!ts.

Compare and contrast the sentence types. Identify the features found in the different sentence types in each te!t.

(ibliograph# "Jar &.S. %-FDF+ -nderstandin and usin .n lish rammar . En$le#ood. Cliff, Prentice 8all &as'aran /. .. %())*+. A lin uistic primer for /alaysians . Guala /umpur,

:niversity .alaya Press. Che# 9.Y. % -FD=+ (he .n lish rammar reference boo". Penan$. :ps'ol Enterprise 6avidson 4.%())>+ 0hrases , clauses and sentences . Sin$apore. /earners Publishin$ Oshima ". and 8o$ue ". %-FFF+. )ritin Pearson Education academic .n lish. 3rd ed. Ne# Yor',

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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

Ans/ers E!ercise ( Combine each pair of simple sentences to ma'e a comple! sentence -. /eon$ found a #allet #hich #as full of money. /eon$ found a #alletEEE . #hich #as full of money simple sentence Clause

(. The #allet #hich /eon$ found belon$ed to Pa' "bu. The #allet belon$ed tto Pa' "bu. /eon$ found the #allet E 3. #ho 0umped over the $ate . The boy hurt himself EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE simple sentence #ho 0umped over the $ate =. "s he did not study he failed. E8e EfailedEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE simple sentence EEEEas he did not studyEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEclause *. The $irl #ho tal'ed to you #as his dau$hter. EE The $irl #as his dau$hterEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE simple sentence EEEEEEEE#ho tal'ed to you EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE clause clause simple sentence clause

E!ercise 3 , Combine each pair of simple sentences to ma'e a comple! sentence -.) The farmer had a $oose. The $oose laid a $olden e$$ everyday. The farmer had a $oose #hich laid a $olden e$$ everyday

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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1 -. She #ill #ait for her boy friend. She #ill #ait till he came. She #ill #ait for her boyfriend till he came.EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (. .uthu is her son. 8e is a $ood athlete. E .uthu is a $ood sonEas #ell as a $ood athlete.EEEEEEEEEE 3. The $iant came for his ma$ic $oose. The farmer stole the $oose. The $iant came for his ma$ic $oose #hich the farmer had stolen.EEEE. =. 6o not eat too much carbohydrates. You #ill become obese. 6o not eat too much carbohydrates or you #ill become obese. *. 8e #ill be late. That is certain. 8e #ill be late and that is certain EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE >. Camu is clever. 8alim is eBually clever. Camu is clever and 8alim is eBually clever EEEEEEEEEEEEEE ?. The team played very #ell. It did not #in. E"lthou$h the team played very #ellI it did not #inEEEEEEEEEEE D. The teacher smiled. She patted my shoulder and con$ratulated me. The teacher smiled as she patted my shoulder and con$ratulated me F. 9e have all passed the e!am. That is $ood ne#s for everyone. 9e have all passed the e!am #hich is $ood ne#s for everyone. -). Parents no#adays have to understand their teena$e sons. They are rebellious. Parents no#adays have to understand their teena$e sons #ho are rebellious. --. I spo'e to his father. 8e #as not there. "s he #as not there I spo'e to his father.

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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1

8andout Story One fine mornin$ the .ouse family #ere out strollin$. Papa mouse and .ama .ouse #ere holdin$ /ittle .ouse3s hands. "t the corner of the barn they came face to face #ith <at Cat .ama .ouse and /ittle .ouse sBuealed #ith terror. Papa .ouse pushed them behind him and stepped for#ard. 8e #as very brave. 9ith a loud roar Papa .ouse said I )oof, woof *** *+ <at Cat loo'ed at Papa .ouse in horror. 8e turned round and shot off li'e a bullet. Papa .ouse loo'ed at /ittle .ouse and said IIt pays to learn a second lan$ua$eI Story ( -. One day "lia #as #al'in$ home. (. She sa# a stray 'itten. 3. It #as #et and shiverin$ cold . =. She pic'ed it up and too' it home. *. She bathed it clean usin$ #arm #ater and cat shampoo. >. The 'itten had an annoyin$ habit. ?. It used the sofa as a scratchin$ post. D. "lia3s father offered to train the 'itten. F. Everytime it scratched the sofa he put it outside the house. -). The 'itten learned fast. --. <or the ne!t five years everytime it #anted to $o out it scratched the sofa. [12] EESEEE EE SEEE EE C EEE EE C EE EE H EEE EE SEEE EE SEEE EE SEEE EE ECEE EE ESEE HEEE -). EEEHEEE -.EESEEE (.ECEEE 3.EEESEEE =. EE CEEE *. EEECEEE > EE SEEE ,. EEHEE D. EEESEE F EEECEEE

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