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During the last decades, the technology has evolved enormously, resulting in a never-ending flow of high-dimensional and high-resolution data that need to be visualized, analyzed, and interpreted. The development of computer hardware and software has given invaluable tools for performing these tasks, but it is still very hard to exclude the human operator from the decision making. The process of stating a medical diagnosis or to conduct a surgical planning is simply too complex to fully automate. Therefore, interactive or semi-automatic methods for image analysis and visualization are needed where the user can explore the data efficiently and provide his or her expert knowledge as input to the methods.
Live-wire segmentation
Live-wire is a semi-automatic segmentation method for 2D images and slice-wise segmentation of 3D images. It is based on shortest path calculation in a graph representation of the image. For every edge in the graph, a cost is assigned to represent the likelihood that the edge belongs to a desired boundary in the image. To segment an object, the user places a seed-point on the object boundary. All possible minimum-cost paths from the seed-point to all other points in the image are computed via Dijkstras algorithm. As the user moves the cursor in the image, the minimum-cost path, referred to as the livewire, from the current position of the cursor back to the seed-point is displayed in real-time.
HAPTIC INTERACTION The word haptic stems from the Greek word haptesthai which means to touch. In psychology, haptics is the study of touching behavior and haptic perception. Haptic perception can be divided into tactile perception and kinesthetic perception. Tactile perception involves the receptors in the skin that allow us to feel temperature and pressure in order to determine, e.g., the texture and roughness of surfaces. The kinesthetic component involves the receptors in muscles and joints which are used for body control and for determining weights and friction. In computer science, haptics refers to the use of tactile and kinesthetic feedback as a human-computer interface component, i.e., rendering of virtual objects with force feedback. The task here is to generate intuitive force feedback when the user moves the haptic device so that it comes in contact with an object. An advantage with haptic interaction is that it provides the unique possibility of simultaneous exploration and manipulation of data. In this work, the focus is on haptic rendering of medical volume images in order to, e.g., feel boundaries between organs and provide input to segmentation algorithms. The aim with the haptic feedback is to convey more information about the data than can be obtained with only visual rendering.
ADVANTAGES
Safe and Effective Medical Imaging systems have a very long life time Highly Accurate High Availability User Friendly and Simple Required in successful implementation of medical surgery