ITTC Symbols

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 A, a
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

A MS (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Average, sample
mean

A AP (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Planform area

b c
m
m
2

A A, AR,
AREA
(ships, basic quantities)
Area in general
m
2

A (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Assumed centre of
gravity above keel used for
cross curves of stability
A (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Assumed centre
of gravity above keel used
for cross curves of stability -
99/1.2.4.1 I

A
O
AO (ships, propulsor
performance) Propeller disc
area
D
2
/ 4 m
2

A
O
AO (ships, propulsor geometry)
Disc Area
D
2
/ 4 m
2

XAB (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Longitudinal
centre of buoyancy from aft
perpendicular - I99/1.2.4.2
Distance of centre of
buoyancy from aft
perpendicular

A
BL
ABL (ships, hull geometry) Area
of bulbous bow in
longitudinal plane
The area of the ram
projected on the middle line
plane forward of the fore
perpendicular; s. Remark .1
m
2
AB
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 A, a
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

A
BT
ABT (ships, hull geometry) Area
of transverse cross-section of
a bulbous bow (full area port
and star-board)
The cross sectional area at
the fore perpendicular.
Where the water lines are
rounded so as to terminate
on the forward perpendicular
A
BT
is measured by
continuing the area curve
forward to the perpendicular,
ignoring the final rounding;
s. Remark .1
m
2

A
C
AC (ships, appenaage geometry)
Area under cut-up
m
2

A
C
CUA (ACJ ana SES) Cushion area Projected area of ACV or
SES cushion on water
surface
m
2
A
C
(*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Area of deck
available to crew

A
D
AD (ships, propulsor geometry)
Developed blade area
Developed blade area of a
screw propeller outside the
oss or hub b
m
2

A
DEN
ADEN (ships, propulsor geometry)
Duct entry area
m
2

A
DEX
ADEX (ships, propulsor geometry)
Duct exit area
m
2

A
E
AE (ships, propulsor geometry)
Expanded blade area
Expanded blade area of a
boss or hub
m
2

XAF (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Distance of the
centre of flotation from after
erpendicular p

A
F
AFO (hyarofoil boats) Foil area
general) (
Foil area in horizontal plane m
2

A
FB
AFB (ships, appenaage geometry)
Area of bow fin
m
2
AF
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 A, a
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

A
FB
AFBO (ships, manoeuvrability)
Area of bow fins
m
2

A
FE
AFE (hyarofoil boats) Emerged
rea of foil a
m
2

A
FF
ASFF (hyarofoil boats) Submerged
rea of front foil a
m
2

A
FR
AFR (ships, appenaage geometry)
Frontal area
Projected frontal area of an
appendage
m
2

A
FR
ASFR (hyarofoil boats) Submerged
area of rear foil
m
2

A
FS
AFS (ships, appenaage geometry)
Area of stern fin
m
2

A
FS
AFST Area of stern fins m
2

A
FS
AFS (hyarofoil boats) Submerged
oil area f
m
2

A
FST
AFSTO (hyarofoil boats) Submerged
foil plan area at take-off
speed
m
2

A
FT
AFT (hyarofoil boats) Total foil
plan area
m
2

XAG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
centre of gravity from aft
perpendicular
Distance of centre of gravity
from aft perpendicular

YAG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Transverse
distance from assumed
centre of gravity A, to actual
centre of gravity G

ZAG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Vertical distance
from assumed centre of
gravity A, to actual centre of
gravity G
L
AG
T
AG
J
AG
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 A, a
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

A
HL
AHLT (ships, manoeuvrability)
Lateral area of the hull
The area of the profile of the
underwater hull of a ship
when projected normally
upon the longitudinal centre
plane
m
2

A
I
AIA (multi-hull vessels) Strut-
hull intersection area
m
2

A
if
AM(I,J) (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Added mass
coefficient in ith mode due
to jth motion
A
f
AJ (ships, propulsor geometry,
water fets) Cross sectional
area at Station j
m

A
f
ASJ (sailing vessels) Area of jib
or genoa
m
2
A
LJ
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Windage area of
hull in profile at LDM and
esign trim d

A
LK
ALK (sailing vessels) Lateral area
f keel o
m
2

A
LT
ALT (sailing vessels) Total lateral
area of yacht
m
2

A
LJ
AHLV (ships, manoeuvrability)
Lateral area of hull above
water
m
2

A
M
AM (ships, hull geometry) Area
f midship section o
Midway between fore and
ft perpendiculars a
m
2

A
m
ASM (sailing vessels) Area of
ainsail m
m
2

A
N
ASN (sailing vessels) Normalized
sail area
m
2

A
P
AP (ships, propulsor geometry)
Projected blade area
Projected blade area of a
boss or hub
m
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 A, a
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

A
R
ARU (ships, manoeuvrability)
Total lateral area of rudder
m
2

A
RF
AF (ships, appenaage geometry)
Flap area
m
2
A
RL
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Positive area
under righting lever curve

A
Rmov
ARMV (ships, manoeuvrability)
ovable area of rudder M
m
2

A
RN
ARNO (ships, manoeuvrability)
ominal area of rudder N
(A
R
A
Rmov
) / 2 m
2

A
RP
ARP (ships, appenaage geometry)
Area of rudder in the
propeller race
m
2

A
RT
ART (ships, appenaage geometry)
Total rudder area
A
RX
A
RF
m
2

A
RX
ARX (ships, appenaage geometry)
Area of the fixed part of
udder r
m
2

A
S
AS (sailing vessels) Sail area in
general
(P E I J) / 2 m
2
A
S
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Area of sails in
profile according to ISO
8666

A
SI
, I
AS
ASI (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Attained
subdivision index
(to be clarified) 1
A
SI

I
AS

ASI (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Attained
subdivision index

A
SK
ASK (ships, appenaage geometry)
Skeg area
m
2

A
sp
ASSP (sailing vessels) Area of
spinnaker
m
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 A, a
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

A
SS
ASS (hyarofoil boats) Submerged
strut area
m
2

A
T
ATR (ships, hull geometry) Area
of transom (full area port
nd starboard) a
Cross-sectional area of
transom stern below the load
aterline w
m
2

A
J
AV (ships, hull geometry) Area
exposed to wind
Area of portion of ship
above waterline projected
normally to the direction of
relative wind
m
2
A
J
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Projected lateral
area of the portion of the
ship and deck cargo above
the waterline - IMO/IS,
MO/HSC'2000 I

A
W
AW (ships, hull geometry) Area
of water-plane
m
2

A
WA
AWA (ships, hull geometry) Area
of water-plane aft of midship
m
2

A
WBK
AWBK (ships, appenaage geometry)
Wetted surface area of bilge
eels k
m
2

A
WF
AWF (ships, hull geometry) Area
of water-plane forward of
midship
m
2

A
X
AX (ships, hull geometry) Area
of maximum transverse
section
m
2

YAZ (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Righting arm
based on horizontal distance
ravity A, to Z g
Generally tabulated in cross
curves of stability

A
:
()
(ships, sea keeping)
Amplitude of frequency
response function for
translatory motions

:
a
() /
a
() or
:
a
() /
a
()
1
AZ
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 A, a
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

A
() (ships, sea keeping)

response function for rotary
otions m

a
() /
a
() or
a
() / (
2
/ (g
a
()))
1

XAB (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Longitudinal centre
of buoyancy from aft
perpendicular
buoyancy from aft
perpendicular
m
XAF (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Distance of centre
of flotation from aft
perpendicular
m
L
XAG (ships, hyarostatics,
of gravity from aft
erpendicular p
from aft perpendicular
m
T
YAG (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Transverse
distance from assumed
centre of gravity A, to actual
centre of gravity G
m
J
ZAG (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Vertical distance
gravity A, to actual centre of
gravity G
m
YAZ (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Righting arm based
on horizontal distance from
assumed centre of gravity A,
to Z
Generally tabulated in cross
curves of stability
m

a, a
1
AC, A1 (ships, basic quantities)
Linear or translatory
acceleration
av / at m/s
2

a ADMP (funaamental, time ana
frequency aomain quantity)
amping D
s
r
, in Laplace variable 1/s

a RAUG (ships, performance)
Resistance augment fraction
(T F
p
) / R
T
- 1 1
AB
AF
AG
AG
AG
AZ
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 A, a
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

a

ATT (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Cylindrical
coordinates
Cylindrical system with
origin O and longitudinal x-
axis as defined before;
angular a-(attitude)-
coordinate , zero at 12
o'clock position, positive
clockwise looking forward, r
distance measured from the
-axis x

1

a
D

ADR (ships, propulsor geometry)
Developed blade area ratio
A
D
/ A
0
1

a
E

ADE (ships, propulsor geometry)
Expanded blade area ratio

A
D
/ A
0
1

a
i
AT(I) (ships, sea keeping)
Attitudes of the floating
ystem s
i = 1, 2, 3, e. g. Euler angles
of roll, pitch, and yaw,
espectively r

rad

a
P

ADP (ships, propulsor geometry)
Projected blade area ratio
A
D
/ A
0
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 B, b
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
B B, BR (ships, basic quantities)
Breadth
m
B B (ships, hull geometry) Beam
or breadth, moulded, of
ships hull
m
B (ships, hydrostatics,
stability) Centre of buoyancy
B (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Centre of
buoyancy
b (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Centre of
flotation of added buoyancy
layer or centre of lost
buoyancy of the flooded
volume
b (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Maximum tank
breadth
B
B
BB (multi-hull vessels) Box
beam
Beam of main deck m
B
C
BCU (ACV and SES) Cushion
beam
SES cushion beam measured
between the side walls
m
B
C
CIRCB (ships, hull geometry) R.E.
Froude's breadth coefficient
B / V
1/3
1
B
CB
amplitude motions
capsizing) Beam between
centres of buoyancy of side
hulls, see
B
FOA
BFOA (hydrofoil boats) Maximum
vessel breadth including
foils
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 B, b
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
B
ij
DA(I,J) (solid body mechanics,
inertial and hydro
properties) Damping
to jth motion
B
LCG
BLCG (planing, semi-displacement
vessels) Beam at
longitudinal position of the
centre of gravity
Breadth over spray strips
measured at transverse
section containing centre of
gravity
m
B
M
BM (ships, hull geometry)
Breadth, moulded of
midship section at design
water line
m
BM
ZBM (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Transverse
metacentre above centre of
buoyancy
Distance from the centre of
buoyancy B to transverse
metacentre M
KB KM
I
BM
T
=
V
=
L BM
ZBML (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Longitudinal
buoyancy
KB KM L = BM L
B
n
BN (fluid mechanics, flow
parameter) Boussinesq
number
V / (g R
H
)
1/2
1
B
OA
BOA (sailing vessels) Beam,
overall
m
B
P
BP (ships, propulsor
performance) Taylor's
propeller coefficient based
on delivered horsepower
n P
D
/ V
A
2.5
with n is revs/min,
P
D
in horsepower, and
V
A
in knots (obsolete)
1
B
PA
BPA (planing, semi-displacement
vessels) Mean breadth over
chines
A
P
/ L
P
m
B
PC
BPC (planing, semi-displacement
vessels) Beam over chines
Beam over chines, excluding
external spray strips
m
B
PT
BPT (planing, semi-displacement
vessels) Transom breadth
Breadth over chines at
transom, excluding external
spray strips
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 B, b
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
B
PX
BPX (planing, semi-displacement
vessels) Maximum breadth
over chines
Maximum breadth over
chines, excluding external
spray strips
m
B
S
BS (multi-hull vessels) Hull
spacing
Distance between hull centre
lines
m
B
T
BTR (ships, hull geometry)
Breadth, moulded of
transom at design water line
m
B
TV
BTUN (multi-hull vessels) Tunnel
width
Minimal distance of the
demihulls at the waterline
m
B
U
BU (ships, propulsor
propeller coefficient based
on thrust horsepower
n P
T
/ V
A
2.5
with n is revs/min,
P
T
in horsepower, and
V
A
in knots (obsolete)
1
B
WL
BWL (ships, hull geometry)
Maximum moulded breadth
at design water line
m
B
WLT
BWLT (ACV and SES) Total
waterline breadth of SES
At the water line m
B
X
BX (ships, hull geometry)
Breadth, moulded of
maximum section area at
design water line
m
BM
ZBM (ships, hydrostatics,
buoyancy
buoyancy B to the transverse
metacentre M.
KB - KM = / I = BM
T
V
m
BM
L
ZBML (ships, hydrostatics,
stability) Longitudinal
buoyancy
KM L
- KB
b B (environmental mechanics,
waves) Bandwidth of
spectral resolution
Sampling frequency divided
by the number of transform
points
Hz
b SP (fluid mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Wing or foil span
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 B, b
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
b (ships, hydrostatics,
stability) Centre of flotation
of added buoyant layer or
centre of lost buoyancy of
the flooded volume
b
1
B1 (ships, propulsor geometry,
water jets) Maximum width
of cross sectional area at
Station 1
m
b
F
BSPF (fluid mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Flap span
m
b
R
SPRU (ships, manoeuvrability)
Rudder span
m
b
RM
SPRUME (ships, manoeuvrability)
Mean span of rudder
m
b
S
BST (hydrofoil boats) Span of
struts
m
b
ST
BSTT (hydrofoil boats) Transverse
horizontal distance of struts
m
b
w
BSPW (hydrofoil boats) Foil span
wetted
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

C CR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Population
ovariance c

C FF(2) (ships, basic quantities)
Cross force
Force normal to lift and drag
(forces)
N

C
10
C10M (environmental mechanics,
wina) Surface drag
coefficient
(.08 + .065U
10
)10
-3

C
A
CA (ships, hull resistance)
Incremental resistance
coefficient for model ship
orrelation c

R
A
/ (S q) 1

C
AA
CAA (ships, hull resistance) Air
or wind resistance
coefficient

R
AA
/ (A
J
q
R
) 1

C
ADM
CADM (ships, performance)
Admiralty coefficient
2/3
J
3
/ P
S
1

C
AL
CAHL (ships, manoeuvrability)
Coefficient of lateral area
f ship o

A
HL
/ (L T) 1

C
B
CB Block coefficient

V / (L B T) 1

C
C
CIRCC (ships, hull resistance) R.E.
Froude's resistance
coefficient
1000 R / ((K
C
)
2
) 1

C
D
CDSE (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Section drag
coefficient
1

C
D
CD (ships, hull resistance)
Drag coefficient

D / (S q) 1

C
DF
CDF (hyarofoil boats) Drag
coefficient of foil

D
F
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
DI
CDSI (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Section induced
rag coefficient d
1

C
DI
CDI (hyarofoil boats) Induced
drag coefficient

D
I
/ (A
FS
q) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

C
DINT
CDINT (hyarofoil boats)
Interference drag
oefficient c

D
INT
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
DO
CDO (hyarofoil boats) Section
drag coefficient for angle of
ttack equal to zero a

D
P
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
DS
CDSP (hyarofoil boats) Spray
drag coefficient

D
S
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
DJENT
CDVENT (hyarofoil boats)
Ventilation drag coefficient

D
J
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
DW
CDW (hyarofoil boats) Wave
drag coefficient

D
W
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
DV

CDVOL (ships, performance)
Power-displacement
oefficient c
P
D
/ ( J
3
V
2/3
/ 2) 1

C
F
CF (ships, hull resistance)
Frictional resistance
oefficient of a body c

R
F
/ (S q) 1

C
f
CFL (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Skin friction
coefficient

/ ( U
e
2
/ 2) 1

C
F0
CF0 (ships, hull resistance)
coefficient of a
orresponding plate c

R
F0
/ (S q) 1

C
FU
CFU (sailing vessels) Frictional
resistance coefficient
(upright)

R
FU
/ (S q) 1
C
H
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Height
coefficient, depending on
the height above sea level
of the structural member
exposed to the wind
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

C
I
(sailing vessels) Induced
1

C
I
CI (ice going vessels)
Coefficient of net ice
esistance r

R
I
/ (
I
g h
2
B) 1

C
if
RF(I,J) (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Restoring force
o jth motion t

C
IL
CWIL (ships, hull geometry)
Coefficient of inertia of
ater plane, longitudinal w

12 I
L
/ ( B L
3
) 1

C
IT
CWIT (ships, hull geometry)
Coefficient of inertia of
water plane, transverse

12 I
T
/ (B
3
L) 1

C
IW
CIW (ice going vessels)
Coefficient of water
resistance in the presence
of ice

R
IW
/ (S q
IW
) 1
CL (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Crew limit
Maximum number of
persons on board

C
L
CLSE (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Section lift
coefficient
1

C
LF
CLF (hyarofoil boats) Foil lift
coefficient

L
F
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
LO
CLO (hyarofoil boats) Profile lift
coefficient for angle of
attack equal to zero

L
0
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
Lo
CL0D (planing, semi-
aisplacement vessels) Lift
coefficient for zero
deadrise

/ (B
CG
2
q) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

C
LTO
CLTO (hyarofoil boats) Lift
coefficient at take-off
ondition c

L
TO
/ (A
FS
q) 1

C
LX
CLA (hyarofoil boats) Slope of
ift curve l

aC
L
/ a 1

C
L
CLBET (planing, semi-
aisplacement vessels) Lift
coefficient for dead rise
surface

/ (B
CG
2
q) 1

C
M
CMSE (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Section moment
coefficient
1

C
M
CMS (ships, hull geometry)
Midship section coefficient
(midway between forward
nd aft perpendiculars) a

A
M
/ (B T) 1

C
M
CM (hyarofoil boats) Pitching
oment coefficient m

M / ((A
FF
A
FR
) (l
F
- l
R
) q) 1

C
MTL
CMTL (ships, hyarostatics,
trimming coefficient
trimming moment divided
by change in trim
which approximately equals
L / BM L
1
C
MTL
CMTL (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
trimming coefficient -
I99/1.2.4.3
Trimming moment divided
by change in trim which
approximately equals
L / BM
L

C
N
CN (ships, performance) Trial
correction for propeller rate
of revolution at speed
dentity i

n
T
/ n
S
1

C
NP
CNP (ships, performance) Trial
correction for propeller rate
of revolution at power
identity

P
DT
/ P
DS
1

C
P
CPL (ships, hull geometry)
Longitudinal prismatic
coefficient

V / (A
X
L) or V / (A
M
L) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

C
P
CDP (ships, performance) Trial
correction for delivered
ower p

1

C
P
CPD (ships, propulsor
performance) Power loading
oefficient c

P
D
/ (A
P
q
A
J
A
) 1

C
p
CP (ships, hull resistance) Local
pressure coefficient

1
C
p
CP (ships, water fets) Local
ressure coefficient p
(p-p
0
)/( J/2) 1

C
PA
CPA (ships, hull geometry)
Prismatic coefficient, after
ody b

V
A
/ (A
X
L / 2) or
V
A
/ (A
M
L / 2)
1

C
PE
CPE (ships, hull geometry)
Prismatic coefficient,
entrance

V
E
/ (A
X
L
E
) or
V
E
/ (A
M
L
E
)
1

C
PF
CPF (ships, hull geometry)
Prismatic coefficient fore
ody b

V
F
/ (A
X
L / 2) or
V
F
/ (A
M
L / 2)
1

C
PR
CPR (ships, hull resistance)
Pressure resistance
coefficient, including wave
effect

R
P
/ (S q) 1

C
PR
CPR (ships, hull geometry)
Prismatic coefficient, run
s. Remark .2

V
R
/ (A
X
L
R
) or
V
R
/ (A
M
L
R
)
1

C
PR
CPR (ACJ ana SES)
erodynamic profile drag A

R
0
/ (
A
J
R
2
A
C
/ 2) 1

C
PJ
CPV (ships, hull resistance)
Viscous pressure resistance
coefficient

R
PJ
/ (S q) 1

C
Q*
CQS (ships, propulsor
erformance) Torque index p

Q / (A
P
q
S
D) 1

CR CR (funaamental, statistical,
ovariance c

C
R
CR (ships, hull resistance)
Residuary resistance
coefficient

R
R
/ (S q) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

C
r
CRA (environmental mechanics,
waves) Average reflection
oefficient c
1

C
r
CRDS (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Directional stability
riterion c

Y
v
(N
r
- mux
G
) -
- N
v
(Y
r
- mu)
N
2
s
2

C
r
(f) CRF (environmental mechanics,
waves) Reflection
coefficient amplitude
unction f
1

C
RU
CRU (sailing vessels) Residuary
upright) (

R
RU
/ (S q) 1

CS CS (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Sample
covariance

C
S
CSR (ships, hull resistance) Spray
esistance coefficient r

R
S
/ (S q) 1

C
S
CS (ships, hull geometry)
Wetted surface coefficient

S / (V L)
1/2
1
C
s
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Shape coefficient,
depending on the shape of
the structural member
exposed to the wind

C
T
CT (ships, hull resistance) Total

R
T
/ (S q) 1

C
T*
CTHS (ships, propulsor
performance) Thrust index

T / (A
P
q
S
) 1

C
Th
CTH (ships, propulsor
performance) Thrust loading
coefficient, energy loading
coefficient

T / (A
P
q
A
)
(T
P
/ A
P
) / q
A

1

C
TL
CTLT (ships, hull resistance)
Telfer's resistance
coefficient

g R L / (J
2
) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

C
TQ
CTQ (ships, hull resistance)
Qualified resistance
oefficient c

C
TV
/ (
H
R
) 1

C
TU
CTU (sailing vessels) Total
resistance
coefficient (upright)

R
TU
/ (S q) 1

C
TV

CTVOL (ships, hull resistance)
Resistance displacement

R
T
/ (V
2/3
q) 1

C
T
CTPHI (sailing vessels) Total
resistance coefficient with
eel and leeway h

R
T
/ (S q) 1

C
uv
SI(U,V) (ships, unsteaay propeller
orces) Generalized stiffness f
s. Remark .1

C
J
CV (ships, hull resistance) Total
viscous resistance
coefficient

R
J
/ (S q) 1

C
J
CSP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Froude number
ased on breadth b

J / (B
CG
g)
1/2
1

C
JP
CVP (ships, hull geometry)
rismatic coefficient vertical P

V / (A
W
T) 1

C
W
CW (ships, hull resistance) Wave
making resistance
coefficient

R
W
/ (S q) 1

C
WA
CWA (ships, hull geometry) Water
plane area coefficient, aft

A
WA
/ (B L / 2) 1

C
WC
CWC (ACJ ana SES) Cushion
ave making coefficient w

1

C
WF
CWF (ships, hull geometry) Water
plane area coefficient,
orward f

A
WF
/(B L / 2) 1

C
WP
CW (ships, hull geometry)
Water-plane area
coefficient

A
W
/(L B) 1

C
WP
CWP (ships, hull resistance) Wave
pattern resistance
coefficient, by wave analysis

1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

C
WU
CWU (sailing vessels) Wave
upright) (

1

C
X
CX (ships, hull geometry)
Maximum transverse section
oefficient c

A
X
/ (B T),where B and T are
measured at the position of
aximum area m
1

C
x
(sailing vessels) Force
coefficients
1

C
xx
XXCR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Auto-covariance
of a stationary stochastic
rocess p

(x(t) - x
E
)(x(t ) - x
E
)
E

C
xy
XYCR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Cross-covariance
of two stationary stochastic
processes

(x(t) - x
E
)(y(t ) - y
E
)
E

C
y
oefficients c
1

C
:
oefficients c
1

C
V

CVOL (ships, hull geometry)
olumetric coefficient V

V / L
3
1

C
CDL (planing, semi-aisplacement

vessels) Load coefficient

/ (B
CG
3
g ) 1

C
CLOAD (ACJ ana SES) Cushion

loading coefficient

/ (g
A
A
C
3/2
) 1

c CS (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Velocity of
sound
(E / )
1/2
m/s

c LCH (ships, propulsor geometry)
Chord length
m

c CH (ships, appenaage geometry)
Chord length of an aerofoil
r a hydrofoil o
m

c
C
CHC (hyarofoil boats) Chord
ength at centre plane l
m

c
F
CFL (hyarofoil boats) Chord
length of flap
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

c
G
VG (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave group velocity
r celerity o
m/s

c
M
CHM (hyarofoil boats) Mean
hord length c
m

c
m
CHME (ships, appenaage geometry)
ean chord length M
A
RT
/ S m

c
m
CHME (ships, propulsor geometry)
Mean chord length
The expanded or developed
area of a propeller blade
divided by the span from the
ub to the tip h
m

c
m
CHME (fluia mechanics, lifting
urfaces) Mean chord length s
A / b m

c
PF
CPFL (hyarofoil boats) Distance of
centre of pressure on a foil
or flap from leading edge
m

c
r
CHRT (ships, appenaage geometry)
hord length at the root C
m

c
r
CHRT (fluia mechanics, lifting
urfaces) Root chord length s
m

c
S
CS (ships, propulsor geometry)
Skew displacement
The displacement between
middle of chord and the
blade reference line. Positive
when middle chord is at the
trailing side regarding the
lade reference line b
m

c
S
CSTR (hyarofoil boats) Chord
length of a strut
m

c
SF
CHSF (hyarofoil boats) Chord
length of strut at intersection
with foil
m

c
T
CHTI (hyarofoil boats) Chord
ength at foil tips l
m

c
t
CHTP (ships, appenaage geometry)
hord length at the tip C
m

c
t
CHTP (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Tip chord length
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 C, c
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

c
W
VP (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave phase velocity
or celerity
L
W
/ T
W
m/s

c
Wi
VP(I) (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave phase velocity
of harmonic components of
a periodic wave
const = c
W

for periodic waves
m/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 D, d

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

D

DR

(funaamental, statistical,
eviation d

D

DEP (ships, hull geometry)
Depth, moulded, oI a ship
ull h

m

D

D, DI (ships, basic quantities)
Diameter

m

D

DP

(ships, propulsor geometry)
Propeller diameter

m

D

DP

(ships, propulsor
performance) Propeller
iameter d

m

D

FF(1) (ships, basic quantities)
Drag (Iorce)

Force opposing translatory
velocity, generally Ior a
completely immersed body

N

D
0

DC0

(ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Inherent
steady turning diameter
R

0

m

D
0
'

DC0N (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Non-
dimensional inherent steady
urning diameter t

D
0
/ L
PP
1

D
C

DC (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Steady
urning diameter t

m

D
C
'

DCNO (ships, manoeuvrability,
dimensional steady turning
iameter d

D
C
/ L
PP

1

D
C

DC (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
avity drag C

N

D
F

DRF (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Foil drag

Force in the direction oI
otion oI an immersed Ioil m

N

D
F

DRF

(hyarofoil boats) Foil drag Force in the direction oI
motion oI an immersed Ioil
N

D
FF

DFF

(hyarofoil boats) Drag Iorce
on Iront Ioil

C
DF
A
FF
q N
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 D, d

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

D
FR

DFA

(hyarofoil boats) Drag Iorce
on rear Ioil

C
DF
A
FR
q N

D
H

DHUL

(multi-hull vessels) Hull
diameter

Diameter oI axis symmetric
submerged hulls

m

D
I

DRIND

(fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Induced drag

For Iinite span Ioil, the
component oI liIt in the
irection oI motion d

N

D
I

DRIND

(hyarofoil boats) Induced
drag
For Iinite span Ioil, the
component oI liIt in the
direction oI motion

N

D
INT

DRINT

surfaces) InterIerence drag

Due to mutual interaction oI
the boundary layers oI
ntersecting Ioil i

N

D
INT

DRINT

(hyarofoil boats)
InterIerence drag
Due to mutual interaction oI
the boundary layers oI
intersecting Ioil

N

D
P

DRSE

surfaces) Section or proIile
rag at zero liIt d

Streamline drag

N

D
P0

DRF0 (hyarofoil boats) ProIile
drag Ior angle oI attack
equal to zero liIt

Streamline drag

N

DR

DR

eviation d

DS

DS (funaamental, statistical,
tochastic) Sample deviation s

D

S

D

RSP (

hyarofoil boats) Spray drag

D

ue to spray generation

N
D

ST
D

RST (

hyarofoil boats) Strut drag

N
D
uv
DA(U,V) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Generalized damping
s. Remark .1

D
J

DRVNT

(hyarofoil boats) Ventilation
drag

Due to reduced pressure at
the rear side oI the strut base

N

D
W

DRWA

(hyarofoil boats) Wave drag

Due to propagation oI
surIace waves

N

D
X

DX

(multi-hull vessels) Hull
diameter at the longitudinal
position "X"

m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 D, d

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

D
X
(f,),
D
X
(,),

DIRSF

(environmental mechanics,
waves) Directional spreading
Iunction

S(f,)S(f)D
X
(f,) where
2
)D
X
(f,)a1
0

rad

a

D, DI

Diameter

m

a

T

(ships, hull geometry) DraIt,
moulded, oI ship hull

m
a
T
T (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) DraIt, moulded,
oI ship hull - I99/1.2.1

a (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Density
coeIIicient Ior submerged
test weights

a
A

TA, TAP

(ships, hull geometry) DraIt
t aIt perpendicular a

m

a
D

CLEARD (ships, propulsor geometry)
ropeller tip clearance P

Clearance between propeller
ip and inner surIace oI duct t

m

a
F

TF, TFP (ships, hull geometry) DraIt
at Iorward perpendicular

m

a
h

DH

Boss or hub diameter

2 r
h

m

a
KL

KDROP

(ships, hull geometry)
Design drop oI the keel line

T
AD
- T
FD
alias 'keel drag

m

a
M

TM, TMS

(ships, hull geometry) DraIt
t midship a

(T
A
T
F
) / 2 Ior rigid bodies
ith straight keel w

m

a
TR

DTRA (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Immersion oI
transom, underway
Vertical depth oI trailing
edge oI boat at keel below
water surIace level

m

a
t

YART

(ships, manoeuvrability)
Rate oI change oI course

a / at

rad/s

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 E, e
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

E EL (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Modulus of
lasticity e
Pa

E MR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Expectation,
population mean

E MEI (environmental mechanics,
ice) Modulus of elasticity of
ce i
n/m
2

E E, EN (ships, basic quantities)
nergy E
J

E EM (sailing vessels) Mainsail
base
m
E
f
EJ (ships, water fets) Energy
flux at Station j
E
f
(/2))J
Ef
2
aQ
f

Q
J

W

e ED (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Density of total flow
energy
J
2
/ 2 + p g h Pa

e
A
ENAPP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of appendage
ift force N
A
l
Distance between N
A
and
centre of gravity (measured
ormally to N
A
) n
m

e
B
ENBOT (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of bottom
normal force N
B
Distance between N
B
and
normally to N
B
)
m

e
PN
ENPN (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of propeller
normal force N
PN
Distance between propeller
centreline and centre of
gravity (measured along
haft line) s
m

e
PP
ENPP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of resultant of
propeller pressure forces
N
PP

Distance between N
PP
and
normally to N
PP
)
m

e
PS
ENPS (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of resultant
ropeller suction forces N
PS
p
Distance between N
PS
and
ormal to N
PS
) n
m

e
RP
ENRP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of resultant of
rudder pressure forces N
RP
Distance between N
RP
and
normal to N
RP
)
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 F, f
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

F CQF (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Entrainment factor

1 / (U
e
aQ / ax) 1

F FETCH (environmental mechanics,
wina) Fetch length
Distance over water the
wind blows
m

F F, F0 (ships, basic quantities)
Force
N

F (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Centre of flotation
of the water plane
F (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Centre of
Flotation of the water plane
F (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Wind force -
IMO/IS

F
0
F, F0 (ships, basic quantities)
Force
N

F
0
1
FX,
F0(1), F(1)
(solia boay mechanics,
loaas) Force in direction of
body axis x
Nm

F
0
2
FY,
F0(2), F(2)
body axis y
Nm

F
0
3
FZ,
F0(3), F(3)
body axis z
Nm

F
1
FX,
F0(1), F(1)
body axis x
Nm

F
1
1
F1(1), F(4) (solia boay mechanics,
loaas) Moment around body
axis x
Nm

F
1
2
axis y
Nm
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 F, f
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

F
1
3
axis z
Nm

F
2
FY,
F0(2), F(2)
ody axis y b
Nm

F
3
FZ,
F0(3), F(3)
body axis z
Nm

F
4
xis x a
Nm

F
5
axis y
Nm

F
6
axis z
Nm
FB
XFB (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
centre of buoyancy, LCB,
from forward perpendicular
buoyancy from forward
perpendicular

F
C
CIRCF (ships, hull resistance) R.E.
Froude's frictional resistance
oefficient c
1000 R
F
/ ((K
C
)
2
) 1

F
1

F1 (ships, basic quantities)
oment of forces M
First order moment of a
orce distribution f

F
1

F
D
SFC (ships, performance) Skin
friction correction in self
propulsion test
Skin friction correction in a
self propulsion test carried
out at the ship self-
propulsion point
N
FF
XFF (ships, hyarostatics,
of floatation, L
CF,
from
forward perpendicular
flotation from forward
perpendicular
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 F, f
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
FF
XFF (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
centre of flotation, LCF,
floatation from forward
perpendicular

F
F
1
Resistance (force)
velocity
N

F
F
1
Drag (force)
velocity, generally for a
ompletely immersed body c
N

F
F
2
Cross force
Force normal to lift and drag
(forces)
N

F
F
3
FF(3) (ships, basic quantities) Lift
(force)
Force perpendicular to
translatory velocity
N
FG
XFG (ships, hyarostatics,
of gravity from forward
perpendicular
m
FG
XFG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
centre of gravity, from
forward perpendicular

F
H
(sailing vessels) Heeling
orce of sails f
N

F
h
u
FH(U) (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Generalized
ydrodynamic force h

F
IN
FNIC (ice going vessels) Normal
ice force on a body
Projection of hull - ice
interaction force on the
xternal normal e
N

F
IT
FTIC (ice going vessels)
Tangential ice force on a
body
Projection of the hull - ice
interaction force on the
direction of motion
N

F
i
F(I) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Vibratory force
i = 1, 2, 3 N
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 F, f
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

F
L
FS(2) (ships, sea keeping) Wave
excited lateral shear force
Alias horizontal!
N

F
N
FS(3) (ships, sea keeping) Wave
excited normal shear force
Alias vertical! N

F
P
FP (ships, performance) Force
pulling or towing
a ship
N

F
PO
FPO (ships, performance) Pull
uring bollard test d
N

Fr FN (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Froude number
J / (g L)
1/2
1

F
R
(sailing vessels) Driving
orce of sails f

N

Fr
c

FNC (hyarofoil boats) Froude
number based on chord
ength l

J / (g c
M
)
1/2

1

Fr
h
FH (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Froude depth
number
J / (g h)
1/2
1

Fr
I
FNIC (ice going vessels) Froude
number based on ice
hickness t
J / (g h
I
)
1/2
1

Fr
L
FNFD (hyarofoil boats) Froude
number based on foil
istance d

J / (g L
FR
)
1/2
1

Fr
V

FV (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Froude
displacement number
J / (g V
1/3
)
1/2
1

F
S
i
FS(I) (solia boay mechanics,
oaas) Shearing force l

F
S0
2
, F
S0
3
N

F
S
u
FS(U) (solia boay mechanics,
loaas) Force or load acting
at a given planar cross-
section of the body,
generalized, in section
oordinates! c

F
S
i
F
S0
i

F
S
3i
F
S1
i
M
B
i
N
Nm

F
T
FT,
FS(1)
loaas) Tensioning or normal
force

F
S0
1
N
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 F, f
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

F
TA
FTAPP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Appendage drag
force (parallel to reference
ine) l
Drag forces arising from
appendages inclined to flow,
assumed to act parallel to the
eference line r
N

F
TB
FTBOT (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Bottom frictional
force (parallel to reference
line)
Viscous component of
bottom drag forces assumed
acting parallel to the
reference line
N

F
TK
FTKL (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Keel or skeg drag
force
(parallel to reference line)
keel or skeg, assumed to act
parallel to the reference line
N

F
TRP
FTRP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Additional rudder
drag force (parallel to
reference line)
influence of propeller wake
on the rudder assumed to act
arallel to the reference line p

N

F
u
F(U) (solia boay mechanics,
loaas) Force, generalized,
load, in body coordinates
M
F
u
M
M
u

F
i
F
0
i

F
3i
F
1
i
n

F
u
FG(I) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Generalized
vibratory
force
u = 1,.., 6
u = 1, 2, 3: force
u = 4, 5, 6: moment
N
N
Nm

F
J
(sailing vessels) Vertical
force of sails
N

F
XI

F
YI

F

ZI

FXIC
FYIC
FZIC
(ice going vessels)
Components of the local
i e force c
N
N
N
F
x
XPF (funaamental, statistical)
Probability function
(distribution) of a random
quantity

1

F
x
,

FX,
F0(1), F(1)
body axis x
Nm

F
xy
XYPF (funaamental, statistical)
Joint probability function
(distribution) function of
two random quantities
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 F, f
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

F
y
, FY,
F0(2), F(2)
body axis y
Nm

F
:
, FZ,
F0(3), F(3)
ody axis z b
Nm

f FR (funaamental, time ana
Frequency
Hz

f FR (environmental mechanics,
waves) Frequency
2 Hz

f FR (ships, basic quantities)
requency F
1 / T Hz

f FREB (ships, hull geometry)
Freeboard
From the freeboard
markings to the freeboard
deck, according to official
rules
m

f FBP (ships, propulsor geometry)
Camber of blade profile
m

f FM (ships, appenaage geometry)
Camber of an aerofoil or a
ydrofoil h
Maximum separation of
median and nose-tail line
m

f FREB (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Freeboard
From the freeboard
markings to the freeboard
deck, according to official
rules
m

f FC (ships, hull resistance)
Friction coefficient
Ratio of tangential force to
normal force between two
liding bodies s
1

f FR (ships, sea keeping)
Frequency
1 / T Hz
f FREB (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
Freeboard capsi:ing)
From the freeboard markings
to the freeboard deck,
ing to official rules accord

f
AA
FRAA (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of wind force
R
AA
Distance between R
AA
and
normal to R
AA
)
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 F, f
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

f
AP
FRAP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of appendage
drag R
AP
Distance between R
AP
and
ormal to R n

AP
)
m

f
BL
CABL (ships, hull geometry) Area
oefficient for bulbous bow c
A
BL
/ (L T) 1

f
BT
CABL (ships, hull geometry) Taylor
sectional area coefficient for
ulbous bow b

A
BT
/ A
X
1

f
C
FC (funaamental, time ana
Basic frequency in repeating
unctions f
1 / T
C
Hz

f
D
FD (ships, propulsor geometry)
amber of duct profile C
m

f
e
FE (ships, sea keeping)
Frequency of wave
encounter
1 / T
e
Hz

f
F
FRF (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of frictional
esistance R r
F
Distance between R
F
and
ormal to R n
F
)
m

f
ID
CFRD (ice going vessels)
Coefficient of friction
between surface of body and
ice (dynamic)
Ratio of tangential force to
normal force between two
bodies (dynamic condition)
1

f
IS
CFRS (ice going vessels)
Coefficient of friction
between surface of body and
ce (static) i
The same as above (static
condition)
1

f
i
FS(I) (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
ass specific force M
Strength of force fields,
sually only gravity field g u
i
m/s
2

f
L
FML (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Camber of lower
side (general)
m

f
P
FRPK (environmental mechanics,
waves) Spectral peak in
requency f
Frequency at which the
spectrum has its maximum
Hz

f
R
FRRC (environmental mechanics,
waves) Frequency resolution
1 / T
R
Hz
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 F, f
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

f
S
FS (funaamental, time ana
Frequency of sampling
1 / T
S

period in repeating spectra
Hz

f
S
FSL (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of axial
propeller thrust
Distance between axial
thrust and centre of gravity
(measured normal to shaft
ine) l
m

f
S
FRSA (environmental mechanics,
waves) Sample frequency
1 / T
S
Hz

f
T
FRT (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Lever of total
esistance R r
T
Distance between R
T
and
ormal to R n

T
)
m

f
t.
ATR (ships, hull geometry)
Sectional area coefficient for
ransom stern t
A
T
/ A
X
1

f
U
FMU (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Camber of upper
side
m

f
W
FW (environmental mechanics,
aves Basic wave frequency w
1 / T
W
Hz

f
Wi
FW(I) (environmental mechanics,
waves) Frequencies of
harmonic components of a
periodic wave
i f
W
Hz

f
x
XPD (funaamental, statistical)
Probability density of a
andom quantity r

a F
x
/ ax

f
xy
XYPD (funaamental, statistical)
Joint probability density of

c
2
F
xy
/ (cx cy)

f
:
(ships, sea keeping) Natural
requency of heave f
1 / T
:
Hz

f

requency of pitch f
1 / T
Hz

f

frequency of roll
1 / T
Hz
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 G, g

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

G

(ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Centre oI gravity
oI a vessel

G (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Centre oI gravity
oI a vessel

G
0
i , G
i

G0(I)

loaas) Gravity or weight
Iorce
in body coordinates!

G
i
G
0
i
m
0
if
g
f

mg
i

N

G
1
i

G1(I)

moment

G
3i
G
1
i

ikf
x
k
G
0
f

m
1
if
g
f

Nm

GGV (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Vertical stability
lever caused by a weight
hiIt or weight addition s
KG

GGH

stability) Horizontal stability
shiIt or weight addition

m

GGH (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Horizontal
stability lever caused by a
weight shiIt or weight
addition

GGL

addition

m

GGL (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
addition

1 0 1
GG KG + =
1
GG
H GG
H
GG
L GG
L
GG
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 G, g

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

, GG

GG1, GGV

stability) Vertical stability

m

GGV (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Vertical stability
KG

GM

metacentric height

Distance oI centre oI gravity
to the metacentre

KM
-

m

GM (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
metacentric height
Distance oI centre oI gravity
to the metacentre

(not corrected Ior Iree
urIace eIIect) s

GMEFF

stability) EIIective
transverse metacentric
height

GM corrected Ior Iree
surIace and/or Iree
communication eIIects

m

GMEFF (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) EIIective
transverse metacentric
height
Corrected Ior Iree
surIace and/or Iree
communication eIIects

GML

oI metacentric height

Distance Irom the centre oI
gravity G to the longitudinal
metacentre M
L
-

m

GML (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
metacentric height
Distance Irom the centre oI
gravity G to the longitudinal
metacentre M
L

G
u

G(U)

Iorce, generalized, in body
coordinates!

G
u
m
uv
g
v

KG KM GM
L
L
=
L
GM
KG L KM
L GM
GM
Eff GM
Eff GM
KG KM GM =
GM
KG
GM
1 0 1
GG KG + =
J
GG
1
0 1
GG
KG
KG
J 1 GG
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 G, g

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

GZ (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Arm oI statical
stability corrected Ior Iree
urIaces - IMO/table s

GZ

stability) Righting arm or
lever

AZ AG sin
T AG cos

m

GZ (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Righting arm or
lever
GZ =

GZMAX

stability) Maximum righting
arm or lever

m

GZMAX (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Maximum
righting arm or lever

G
Z

GAP

Gap between the propeller
lades b

2 r sin () / :

m

g

G, GR (ships, basic quantities)
Acceleration oI gravity

Weight Iorce / mass,
strength
oI the earth gravity Iield

m/s
2

g

stability) Centre oI gravity
oI an added or removed
weight (mass)

g (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Centre oI gravity
oI an added or removed
eight (mass) w

g
E

GMR (funaamental, statistical)
Expected value oI a Iunction
oI a random quantity

E(g) )g(x)f
x
(x)ax
x - ...

g
i

G1(I)

loaas) Gravity Iield strength,

m/s
2
GZ J
GZ sin AG AZ
J
MAX GZ
MAX
GZ

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 G, g

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

g
M

GMR

(funaamental, statistical)
oI a random quantity

E(g) )g(x)f
x
(x)ax
x - ...

g
MR

GMR

I a random quantity o

E(g) )g(x)f
x
(x)ax
x - ...

g
MR

GMR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Mean oI a
Iunction oI a random
quantity

M(g(t)) lim(1/T )g(t)at)
t -T/2 ... T/2
T - ...

g
MS

GMS

stochastic) Average or
sample mean oI a Iunction oI
random quantity a

A(g(t)) 1/T )g(t)at
t 0 ... T

g
u

G(U) (solia boay mechanics,
loaas) Gravity Iield strength,
generalized, in body
coordinates

g
i
g
1
i

g
3i
0

m/s
2

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 H, h
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

H HT (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Total head
e / w h p/w q/w m

H H, HT (ships, basic quantities)
Height
m

H HBL (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Boundary layer
shape parameter

*
/ 1

H (sailing vessels) Side force N

H
1

HT1

(ships, water fets) Local
total head at Station 1

m

H
1/3a
H13D (environmental mechanics,
waves) Zero down-crossing
significant wave height
Average of the highest one
third zero down-crossing
wave heights
m

H
1/3u
H13U (environmental mechanics,
waves) Zero up-crossing
significant wave height
Average of the highest one
third zero up-crossing wave
heights
m

H
35

H35

(ships, water fets) Mean
increase of total head across
pump and stator or several
pump stages

m

H
CG
HVCG (ACJ ana SES) Height of
centre of gravity above mean
water plane beneath craft
m

H
DK
HCLDK (multi-hull vessels) Deck
clearance
Minimum clearance of wet
deck from water surface at
rest
m

H
a
HD (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave height by zero
down-crossing
m

H
E
HQF (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Entrainment shape
parameter

( -
*
) / 1

H
H
HH (ACJ ana SES) Vertical
spacing between inner and
outer side skirt hinges or
attachment points to
structure
needs clarification m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 H, h
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
HL (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heeling lever
(due to various reasons) -
IMO/HSC'2000

H
mo
HMO (environmental mechanics,
waves) Significant wave
height based on zeroth
moment for narrow banded
spectrum
4 (m
0
)
1/2
m

H
N
HTNT (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Net useful head of turbo-
engines
m

H
SK
HSK (ACJ ana SES) Skirt depth m

H
SS
HSS (multi-hull vessels) Strut
submerged depth
Depth of strut from still
water line to strut-hull
intersection
m

H
TC
HTC (ships, propulsor geometry)
Hull tip clearance
Distance between the
propeller sweep circle and
the hull
m

H
U
HTUS (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Total head upstream of
turbo-engines
m

H
u
HU (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave height by zero
up-crossing
m

H
J
HV (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave height
estimated from visual
observation
m

H
W
HW (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave height
C
-
T
m

H
HWDS (environmental mechanics,

waves) Estimate of
significant wave height from
sample deviation of wave
elevation record
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 H, h
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

h HS (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Static pressure head
:
0
,
:
0
-axis positive vertical up!
m

h DE (ships, basic quantities)
Depth
m

h DE (ships, manoeuvrability)
Water depth
m
h (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Maximum tank
height
h (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Vertical distance
from the centre of A to the
waterline

h
O
HO (ships, propulsor geometry)
Immersion
The depth of submergence
of the propeller measured
vertically from the propeller
centre to the free surface
m

h
1

H1

(ships, propulsor geometry,
water fets) Maximum height
of cross sectional area at
Station 1

m

h
BS
HBS (ACJ ana SES) Bow seal
height
Distance from side wall keel
to lower edge of bow seal
m
h
CE
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Height of centre
of area of A
SP
above
waterline at SSM

h
CG
HVCG (hyarofoil boats) Height of
centre of gravity foilborne
above mean water surface
m

h
F
HFL (hyarofoil boats) Flight
height
Height of foil chord at
foilborne mode above
position at rest
m

h
I
HTIC (ice going vessels) Thickness
of ice
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 H, h
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

h
J

HJ

water fets) Height of jet
centreline above undisturbed
water surface

m

h
K
HKE (hyarofoil boats) Keel
clearance
Distance between keel and
mean water surface foilborne
m
h
LP
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Height of
waterline above centre of
area of immersed profile

h
M
DEME (ships, manoeuvrability)
Mean water depth
m

h
P
HSP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted height of
strut palms
(flange mounting)
m

h
R
HRU (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted height of
rudders
m

h
SN
HTSN (ice going vessels) Thickness
of snow cover
m

h
SS
HSS (ACJ ana SES) Stern seal
height
Distance from side wall keel
to lower edge of stern seal
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 I, i
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

I IM (funaamental, time ana
Imaginary variable
i

I ID (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Induction factor
Ratio between velocities
induced by helicoidal and by
straight line vortices
1

I I, IN (ships, basic quantities)
Moment of inertia
Second order moment of a
mass distribution
kg m
2

I I (sailing vessels) Fore
triangle height
m

I
12
I
23

I
31

I2(1,2)
I2(2,3)
I2(3,1)
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Real products of
inertia in case of non-
principal axes
kg m
2

I
h
uv
IH(U,V) (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
hydrodynamic inertia

cF
h
u
/ cJ
v

I
if
IN(I,J) (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Second moments
of mass, i.e. inertia
distribution
Alias mass moments of
inertia
kg m
2
I
AS
ASI (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Attained
ubdivision index s

I
L
IL (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Longitudinal
second moment of water-
lane area p
About transverse axis
through centre of floatation
m
4

I
T
IT (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Transverse
second moment of water-
plane area
About longitudinal axis
through centre of floatation
m
4

IJR

IVR

(ships, water fets) Intake
velocity ratio

J
2
/J 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 I, i
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

I
xy
IXY (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
rincipal axes p
kg m
2

I
y
, I
yy
, IY, IYY, (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Pitch moment of
inertia
around the principal axis y
kg m
2

I
y:
IYZ (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
principal axes
kg m
2

I
:
, I
::
IZ, IZZ, (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Yaw moment of
inertia
around the principal axis z
kg m
2

I
:x
IZX (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
principal axes
kg m
2

i I (funaamental, time ana
Imaginary unit
sqrt(-1) 1

i
EI
ANENIN (multi-hull vessels) Half
angle of entrance at tunnel
inner) side (
Angle of inner water line
with reference to centre line
f demihull o
rad

i
EO
ANENOU (multi-hull vessels) Half
angle of entrance at outer
side
Angle of outer water line
with reference to centre line
of demihull
rad

i
E
ANEN (ships, hull geometry) Angle
of entrance, half
Angle of waterline at the
bow with reference to centre
plane, neglecting local shape
at stem
rad
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 I, i
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

i
G
RAKG (ships, propulsor geometry)
Rake
The displacement from the
propeller plane to the
generator line in the
direction of the shaft axis.
Aft displacement is positive
ake. r
m

i
R
ANRU (ships, hull geometry) Angle
of run, half
Angle of waterline at the
stern with reference to the
centre-plane, neglecting
ocal shape of stern frame l
rad

i
S
RAKS (ships, propulsor geometry)
Axial displacement, skew-
induced
The axial displacement of a
blade section which occurs
when the propeller is
skewed. Aft displacement is
positive rake
m

i
T
RAKT (ships, propulsor geometry)
Axial displacement, total
The axial displacement of
the blade reference line from
the propeller plane
i
G
i
S
= c
S
sin
Positive direction is aft.
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 J, j
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
J JEI (ships, propulsor
advance ratio
V
A
/ (D n) 1
J J (sailing vessels) Fore
riangle base t
m
J
A
JA (ships, propulsor
performance) Apparent or
ull advance ratio h
V / (D n) = V
H
/ (D n) 1
J
H
JH (ships, propulsor
performance) Apparent or
hull advance ratio
V / (D n) = V
H
/ (D n) 1
J
P
JP (ships, propulsor
advance ratio for ducted
ropeller p
V
P
/ (D n)
J
PQ
JPQ (ships, propulsor
performance) Advance ratio
of propeller determined from
orque identity t
1
J
PT
JPT (ships, propulsor
thrust identity
1
J
Q
JQ (ships, propulsor
orque identity t
1
J
T
JT (ships, propulsor
thrust identity
1
JVR JVR (ships, water jets) Jet
tio velocity ra
V
7
/V 1
j J (fundamental, time and
frequency domain quantity)
Integer values
- ...+ 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 K, k
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

K (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Keel reference

K MX (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Roll moment on
body, moment about body x-
xis a
Nm

K KS (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Gain factor in
linear manoeuvring equation
1/s

K K (solia boay mechanics,
axis x
Nm
K (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Keel reference
KM
ZKM (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
metacentre above moulded
base of keel
Distance from the transverse
metacentre M to the
moulded base of keel or K
L KM
ZKML (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
base of keel
Distance from the
longitudinal metacentre M
L

to the moulded base of keel
or K

K
1
C1 (ships, performance) Ship
model correlation factor for
ropulsive efficiency p

DS
/
DM
1

K
2
C2 (ships, performance) Ship
propeller rate revolution

n
s
/ n
M
1
KA
ZKA (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Assumed centre of
gravity above moulded base
or keel
Distance from the assumed
centre of gravity A to the
moulded base or keel K
m
KA
ZKA (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Assumed centre
of gravity above moulded
base of keel
centre of gravity A to the
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 K, k
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

K
AP
KAP
(ships, performance)
Appendage correction
factor
Scale effect correction factor
for model appendage drag
applied at the towing force
in a self-propulsion test
1
KB
ZKB (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Centre of buoyancy
above moulded base or keel
buoyancy B to the moulded
base or keel K
m
KB
ZKB (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Centre of
buoyancy above moulded
base of keel
buoyancy B to the moulded
base of keel or K

K
C
CIRCK (ships, hull resistance) R.E.
Froude's speed displacement
coefficient
(4 )
1/2
F
nV
or
(4/g)
1/2
J
K
/V
1/6

K
Fi
KF(I) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Vibratory force
coefficients

F
i
/ ( n
2
D
4
) 1

K
Fu
KF(U) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Generalized
vibratory
force coefficients
According to definitions of
K
Fi
and K
Mi
1
KG
ZKG (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Centre of gravity
above moulded base or keel
Distance from centre of
gravity G to the moulded
base or keel K
m
KG
ZKG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Centre of gravity
oulded base of keel above m
gravity G to the moulded
base of keel or K
Kg
ZKAG (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Vertical centre of
gravity of added or removed
weight above moulded base
or keel
Distance from centre of
gravity, g, to the moulded
base or keel K
m
Kg
ZKAG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Vertical centre of
gravity of added or removed
weight above moulded base
of keel
centre of gravity, g, to the
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 K, k
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
KM
ZKM (ships, hyarostatics,
ase or keel b
Distance from the transverse
metacentre M to the
moulded base or keel K
m

K
Mi
KM(I) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Vibratory moment
oefficients c

M
i
/ ( n
2
D
5
) 1
L KM
ZKML (ships, hyarostatics,
ase or keel b
Distance from the
longitudinal metacentre M
L
to the moulded base or keel
K

m

K
P
KP (ships, propulsor
performance) Delivered
ower coefficient p
P
D
/ ( n
3
D
5
) 2 K
Q
1

K
p
KPR (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Pressure coefficient

p / ( n
2
D
2
) 1

K
Q
KQ (ships, propulsor
performance) Torque
oefficient c

Q / ( n
2
D
5
) 1

K
QO
KQO (ships, propulsor
performance) Torque
coefficient of propeller
converted from behind to
open water condition

K
Q
.
R
1

K
QIA
KQICMS (ice going vessels) Average
oefficient of torque in ice c

Q
IA
/ (
W
n
IA
2
D
5
) 1

K
SC
KSC (ships, propulsor
performance) Centrifugal
pindle torque coefficient s

Q
SC
/ (
P
n
2
D
5
) 1

K
SH
KSH (ships, propulsor
performance) Hydrodynamic
spindle torque coefficient

Q
SH
/ ( n
2
D
5
) 1

K
R
KR (ships, hull resistance)
Resistance coefficient
orresponding to K c
Q
, K
T
R / ( D
4
n
2
) 1

K
T
KT (ships, propulsor
performance) Thrust
coefficient

T / ( n
2
D
4
) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 K, k
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

K
TD
KTD (ships, propulsor
performance) Duct thrust
coefficient

T
D
/ ( n
2
D
4
) 1

K
T,IA
KTICMS (ice going vessels) Average
oefficient of thrust in ice c

T
IA
/ (
W
n
IA
2
D
4
) 1

K
TP
KTP (ships, propulsor
performance) Ducted
ropeller thrust coefficient p

T
P
/ ( n
2
D
4
) 1

K
TT
KTT (ships, propulsor
performance) Total thrust
coefficient for a ducted
ropeller unit p

K
TP
K
TD
1

k HK (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Roughness
height or magnitude
Roughness height, usually in
terms of some average
m

k WN (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave number
2 / L
W

2
/g 1/m

k K (ships, hull resistance) Three
dimensional form factor on
lat plate friction f

(C
J
- C
FO
) / C
FO
1

k RDGX (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Roll radius of
gyration
around the principal axis x
(I
xx
/m)
1/2
m
k (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Roll damping
coefficient expressing the
effect of bilge keels

k
s
SK (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Sand roughness
Mean diameter of the
equivalent sand grains
covering a surface,
s. Remark .2

k
x
, k
xx
RDGX (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Roll radius of
gyration
around the principal axis x
(I
xx
/m)
1/2
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 K, k
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

k
y
, k
yy
RDGY (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Pitch radius of
gyration
(I
yy
/m)
1/2
m

k
:
, k
::
RDGZ (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Yaw radius of
gyration
(I
::
/m)
1/2
m

k() WDC (ships, hull resistance) Wind
direction coefficient

C
AA
/ C
AA0
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 L, l

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

L

L

Length oI ship

ReIerence length oI ship
(generally length between
the perpendiculars)
m

L

L

Length oI ship

ReIerence length oI ship
(generally length between
he perpendiculars) t

m

L

L, LE

ength L

m

L

FF(3) (ships, basic quantities) LiIt
(Iorce)

Force perpendicular to
translatory velocity
N
L (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Length oI the
vessel on the waterline in
maximum load condition -
IMO/IS

L
0

LF0

surfaces) LiIt Iorce Ior angle
oI attack oI zero

C
L0
A
FT
q N

L
0

LF0

(hyarofoil boats) ProIile liIt
Iorce Ior angle oI attack oI
zero

C
L0
A
FT
q N

L
B

LB

(ACJ ana SES) DeIormed
ag contact length b

m

L
b

LSB (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
eeping) Static stability lever k

N
v
/ Y
v
m

L
C

LC (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted chine length,
underway

m

L
C

LAC

(ACJ ana SES) Cushion
ength l

m

L
CB

XCB (ships, hyarostatics,
oI buoyancy (LCB)

Longitudinal distance Irom
reIerence point to the centre
oI buoyancy, B
m

L
CF

XCF

oI Ilotation (LCF)

oI Ilotation, F
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 L, l

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

L
CG

XCG

oI gravity (LCG)

Longitudinal distance Irom a
oI gravity, G
m

L
CH

LCH

(multi-hull vessels) Length
I centre section oI hull o

Length oI prismatic part oI
ull h

m

L
CS

LCS (multi-hull vessels) Length
I centre section oI strut o

Length oI prismatic part oI
trut s

m

L
D

LD (ships, propulsor geometry)
uct length D

m

L
DEN

LDEN (ships, propulsor geometry)
Duct entry part length

Axial distance between
leading edge oI duct and
propeller plane
m

L
DEX

LDEX

Duct exit length

Axial distance between
propeller plane and trailing
dge oI duct e

m

L
a

LSR

(ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Damping stability
lever
(N
r
- mux
G
) / (Y
r
- mu) m

L
E

LEN

Length oI entrance

From the Iorward
perpendicular to the Iorward
end oI parallel middle body,
r maximum section o

m

L
E

LEFF

(sailing vessels) EIIective
ength Ior Reynolds Number l

m

L
E

LACE (ACJ ana SES) EIIective
length oI cushion

A
C
/ B
C
m

L
F

LF

(ships, appenaage geometry)
Length oI Ilap or wedge

Measured in direction
parallel to keel
m

L
F

LF

(hyarofoil boats) LiIt Iorce
n Ioil o

C
L
A
FT
q N

L
FF

LFF (hyarofoil boats) LiIt Iorce
n Iront Ioil o

C
L
A
FF
q N

L
FR

LFR (hyarofoil boats) LiIt Iorce
n rear Ioil o

C
L
A
FR
q N

L
FS

LFS (ships, hull geometry) Frame
spacing

used Ior structures m

L
H

LH

(multi-hull vessels) Box
length

Length oI main deck m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 L, l

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

L
H

LH

(ACJ ana SES) Horizontal
tructure s

needs clariIication m

L
HY

(sailing vessels)
ydrodynamic liIt Iorce H

N

L
K

LK (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted keel length,
underway

m

L
M

LM

(planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Mean wetted length,
nderway u

(L
K
L
C
) / 2 m

L
NH

LNH (multi-hull vessels) Length
I nose section oI hull o

Length oI nose section oI
ull with variable diameter h

m

L
NS

LNS (multi-hull vessels) Length
oI nose section oI strut
Length oI nose section oI
strut with variable thickness
m

L
OA

LOA

Length, overall

m

L
OS

LOS

ength, overall submerged L

m

L
P

LP (ships, hull geometry)
Length oI parallel middle
ody b

Length oI constant
transverse section
m

L
PP

LPP (ships, hull geometry)
Length between
perpendiculars

m

L
PR

LPRC

vessels) Projected chine
ength l

Length oI chine projected in
a plane parallel to keel
m

L
R

LRU (ships, hull geometry)
Length oI run

From section oI maximum
area or aIter end oI parallel
middle body to waterline
termination or other
esignated point oI the stern d

m

L
S

LS

(multi-hull vessels) Strut
length
Length oI strut Irom leading
to trailing edge
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 L, l

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

L
S

LS

(ACJ ana SES) Distance oI
leading skirt contact point
out-board or outer hinge oI
ttachment point to structure a

needs clariIication m

L
SB

LSB (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Total length oI
haIts and bossings s

m

L
SH

LSH (multi-hull vessels) Length
oI submerged hull

m

L
SS

LSS

Station spacing

m

L
T0

LT0

(hyarofoil boats) LiIt Iorce
t take oII a

C
LTO
A
FT
q N

L
JHD

LVD (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Vertical component
I hydrodynamic liIt o

N

L
JS

LVS (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Hydrostatic liIt

Due to buoyancy N

L
W

LW

waves) Wave length

Measured in the direction oI
wave propagation
m

L
WL

LWL

Length oI waterline

m

l

XTA

trimming arm

x
cb
- x
CB
m
l (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Arm oI dynamic
stability corrected Ior Iree
surIaces - IMO/table

l XTA (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
trimming arm
x
CB cb
x
l (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Maximum tank
length

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 L, l

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

l
b

LSB

keeping) Static stability lever

N
v
/ Y
v
m

l
C

LC

(fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Cavity length

Streamwise dimension oI a
Iully-developed cavitating
egion r

m

l
CP

LCP

vessels) Lever oI resultant oI
pressure Iorces, underway
Distance between centre oI
pressure and aIt end oI
planing surIace
m

l
a

LSR

keeping) Damping stability
ever l

(N
r
- mux
G
) / (Y
r
- mu) m

l
F

LEFF (hyarofoil boats) Horizontal
distance oI centre oI
pressure oI Iront Ioil to
centre oI gravity

m

l
FR

LEFR

(hyarofoil boats) Horizontal
distance between centres oI
pressure oI Iront and rear
oils I

l
F
l
R
m

l
R

LERF (hyarofoil boats) Horizontal
distance oI centre oI
pressure oI rear Ioil to centre
oI gravity

m

l
r

LHRD

turning circles) Loop height
oI r- curve Ior unstable ship

rad/s
l
w
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Wind heeling
lever

l
s
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Actual length oI
enclosed superstructure
extending Irom side to side
I the vessel o

l

LWRD (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Loop width
oI r- curve Ior unstable ship

rad

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 M, m
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

M M1, F1 (ships, basic quantities)
Moment of forces
First order moment of a
force distribution
Nm

M MO (ships, basic quantities)
Momentum
Ns

M MR (funaamental, statistical,
population mean

M (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Metacentre of a
vessel
See subscripts for
qualification

M MY (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Pitch moment on
body, moment about body y-
xis a
Nm

M MSP (hyarofoil boats) Vessel
pitching moment
Nm
M (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Metacentre of a
vessel
See subscripts for
qualification
M
1
MF1 (ships, water fets)
Momentum flux at Station 1
M
1
)J
1
aQ
f

Q
J

N
M
7
MF7 (ships, water fets)
Momentum flux at Station 7
M
7
)u
7x
aQ
f

)(p
7
- p
0
)aA
7

N

Ma MN (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Mach number
J / c 1

M
B
i
MB(I) (solia boay mechanics,
loaas) Bending moment

F
S1
2
, F
S1
3
Nm

M
C
CIRCM (ships, hull geometry) R.E.
Froude's length coefficient,
or length-displacement ratio

L / V
1/3
1
M
C
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Maximum offset
load moment due to crew

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 M, m
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
M
c
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Minimum
capsizing moment as
determined when account is
taken of rolling

M
F
MLF (hyarofoil boats) Load factor
of front foil

L
FF
/ 1
M
f.s.
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Free surface
moment at any inclination

M
i
M(I) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Vibratory moment
i = 1, 2, 3 Nm

M
L
MB(3),
FS(6)
(ships, sea keeping) Wave
excited lateral bending
oment m
Alias horizontal! Nm

M
N
MB(2),
FS(5)
excited normal bending
moment
Alias vertical! Nm

M, MR MR (funaamental, statistical,
opulation mean p

M
R
MLR (hyarofoil boats) Load factor
of rear foil

L
FR
/ 1
M
R
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heeling moment
ue to turning d

M
S
MS (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Moment of ship
stability
in general
GZ A Other moments such
as those of capsizing,
heeling, etc. will be
represented by M
S
with
additional subscripts as
ppropriate a
Nm

MS MS (funaamental, statistical,
mean

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 M, m
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
M
S
MS (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Moment of ship
stability in general
GZ A . Other moments such
as those of capsizing,
heeling, etc. will be
represented by M
S
with
additional subscripts as
appropriate.

M
T
MT(1),
FS(4)
excited torsional moment
Nm

M
T
MT,
MB(1)
loaas) Twisting or torsional
oment m

F
S1
1
Nm

M
TC
MTC (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Moment to change
trim one centimetre
Nm/cm
M
TC
MTC (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Moment to
hange trim one centimetre c

M
TM
MTM (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Moment to trim
one meter
C
MTL
Nm/m
M
TM
MTM (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Moment to
change trim one meter
A C
MTL

M
uv
MA(U,V) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Generalized mass

M
uv
MA(U,V) (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
mass, i. e. generalized
inertia tensor
of a (rigid) body referred
to a body fixed coordinate
system
M
if
M
0
if

M
i, 3f
M
1T
if

M
3i, f
M
1
if

M
3i , 3f
M
2
if
M
uv
M
W
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Maximum
heeling moment due to wind
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 M, m
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
M
v
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Dynamically
applied heeling moment due
o wind pressure t

M
x
, M(1), (solia boay mechanics,
axis x
Nm

M
x
M(1) (solia boay mechanics,
axis x
Nm

M
y
, M, M(2), (solia boay mechanics,
xis y a
Nm

M
:
, M(3 (solia boay mechanics,
axis z
Nm

m M, MA,
MASS
Mass
kg
m XACB (ships, hyarostatics,
of floatation of added
buoyant layer
Longitudinal distance from
reference point to the centre
of the added buoyant layer, b

m SHIPMA (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Ship mass
W / g kg

m BLCK (ships, hull resistance)
Blockage parameter
Maximum transverse area of
model ship divided by tank
ross section area c
1

m MA (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) mass
kg
m SHIPMA (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Ship mass
W / g

m
0
if
,
m
if

M0(I,J),
MA(I,J)
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Zeroth moments
distribution, mass tensor
m
if
m
if
kg
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 M, m
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

m
1
if

M1(I,J) (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) First moments of
mass, i.e. inertia distribution
Alias static moments of
mass
kg m

m
2
22
,
m
55

M2(2,2),
MA(5,5)
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Pitch moment of
inertia
kg m
2

m
2
33
,
m
66

M2(3,3),
MA(6,6)
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Yaw moment of
inertia
kg m
2

m
2
if
, M2(I,J), (solia boay mechanics,
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Second moments
distribution
Alias mass moments of
inertia
kg m
2
m
LCC
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Mass in light craft
condition

m
LDC
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Mass in loaded
displacement condition
according to

m
MTL
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Maximum total
load (mass)

m
n
MN (environmental mechanics,
waves) n-th moment of wave
power spectral density

)f
n
S(f)af m
2
/ s
n

m
if
M0(I,J),
MA(I,J)
inertial ana hyaro
properties) Zeroth moments
distribution, mass tensor
m
if
m
if
kg
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 M, m
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
m
SSC
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Mass in standard
sailing conditions according
o t

m
x
XMS (funaamental, statistical)
Average or sample mean of
a random quantity
1/n E x
i
, i = 1...n
unbiased random estimate of
the expectation with
x
AE
= x
E
x
JSE
= x
J
/ n
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 N, n
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

N FR, N (ships, basic quantities)
Frequency or rate of
revolution
Alias RPS (RPM in some
propulsor applications)

N MZ (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Yaw moment on
body, moment about body z-
xis a
Nm

N N, M(3),
F1(3), F(6)
xis z a
Nm

N
A
NAPP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Appendage lift force
(normal to reference line)
Lift forces arising from
appendages inclined to flow,
assumed to act normally to
reference line
N

N
B
NBOT (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Bottom normal
force (normal to reference
ine) l
Resultant of pressure and
buoyant forces assumed
acting normally to the
eference line r
N

N
PP
NPP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Propeller pressure
line)
Resultant of propeller
pressure forces acting
normally to the reference
line
N

N
PS
NPS (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Propeller suction
ine) l
Resultant of propeller
suction forces acting
normally to the reference
ine l
N

N
PR
NPR (ships, propulsor geometry)
Number of propellers
1

N
r
NR (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Derivative of yaw
moment with respect to yaw
elocity v

cN / cr
Nms

NRRT (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
moment with respect to yaw
acceleration

cN / c
Nms
2

N
v
NV (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
moment with respect to
sway velocity

cN / cv
Ns
Nr r
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 N, n
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
Nv v

NVRT (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
way acceleration s

cN / c
Nms
2

N
ND (ships, manoeuvrability, sea

rudder angle

cN / c
Nm

n FR, N (ships, basic quantities)
Frequency or rate of
revolution
Alias RPS (RPM in some
propulsor applications)

n N (ships, performance)
Frequency, commonly rate
f revolution o
Hz

n FR (ships, propulsor
frequency of revolution
Hz

n
AW
NAW (ships, sea keeping) Mean
increase of rate of revolution
n waves i
1/s

n
IA
FRICMS (ice going vessels) Average
rate of propeller revolution
in ice
Hz
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 O, o
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
OG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Height of centre
f gravity above waterline o
0
if
SM0(I,J) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Zero
th
order moment of a scalar
quantity

)
if
as
if
S
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 P, p
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

P P, PO (ships, basic quantities)
Power
W

P PT (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Total pressure

Pa

PITCH (ships, propulsor geometry)
Propeller pitch in general

m

P P (sailing vessels) Mainsail
eight h
m

P
AW
PAW (ships, sea keeping) Mean
ower increase in waves p
W

P
B
PB (ships, performance) Brake
ower p
Power delivered by prime
over m
W

PD PD (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Probability
density

P
D
, P
P
PD, PP (ships, performance)
Delivered power, propeller
ower p

Q W

P
DI
PDI (ice going vessels) Delivered
ower at propeller in ice p
2 Q
IA
n
IA
W

P
E
, P
R
PE, PR (ships, performance)
Effective power, resistance
power

R J W

PF PF (funaamental, statistical,
function

P
FCU
PFCU (ACJ ana SES) Power of lift
fan
kW

P
FSK
PFSK (ACJ ana SES) Power of
skirt fan
kW

P
I
PI (ships, performance)
ndicated power I
Determined from pressure
easured by indicator m

W

P
J
PJ (ships, propulsor
performance) Propeller jet
power
TJ
T J
A

P
JSE
PJSE (ships, water fets) Effective
jet system power
W
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 P, p
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

P
n
PN (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) P-number, heading
change per unit rudder
ngle in one ship length a
1
P
PE
PPE (ships, water fets) Effective
p power pum
W

P
S
PS (ships, performance) Shaft
ower p
Power measured on the shaft W

P
T
PTH (ships, performance) Thrust
power

T J
A
W
P
J
amplituae motions
apsi:ing) Wind pressure c

p P (solia boay mechanics, rigia
boay motions) Rotational
velocity around body axis x
rad/s

p PR, ES (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Pressure, density of static
flow energy
Pa

p PR (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Static pressure

Pa

p PDR (ships, propulsor geometry)
Pitch ratio

P / D 1

p PR (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Pressure
Pa

p OX, P (ships, manoeuvrability)
Roll velocity, rotational
elocity about body x-axis v
1/s

p
0
P0 (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Ambient pressure in
undisturbed flow
Pa
p
0
PR0 (ships, water fets) Ambient
ressure in undisturbed flow p
N/m

p
A
PA (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
mbient pressure A
Pa

p
AC
PACO (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Collapse pressure
Absolute ambient pressure at
which cavities collapse
Pa
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 P, p
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

p
AI
PAIC (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Critical pressure
Absolute ambient pressure at
which cavitation inception
akes place t
Pa

p
B
PBM (ACJ ana SES) Mean bag
ressure p
Pa

p
BS
PBS (ACJ ana SES) Bow seal
ressure p
Pressure in the bow seal bag Pa

p
C
PC (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Cavity pressure
Pressure within a steady or
quasi-steady cavity
Pa

p
CI
PCIN (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Initial cavity pressure
Pressure, maybe negative,
i. e. tensile strength,
ecessary to create a cavity n
Pa

p
CE
PCE (ACJ ana SES) Mean
ffective skirt pressure e
Pa

p
CU
PCU (ACJ ana SES) Cushion
pressure
Mean pressure in the
cushion
Pa

p
FT
PFT (ACJ ana SES) Fan total
pressure
Pa

p
LR
PLR (ACJ ana SES) Cushion
pressure to length ratio
P
CU
/ L
C
Pa/m
p
f
PRJ (ships, water fets) Local
tation j static pressure at S
N/m

p
SK
PSS (ACJ ana SES) Skirt
ressure in general p
Pa

p
SS
PSS (ACJ ana SES) Stern seal
pressure
Pressure in the stern seal bag Pa

p
J
PV (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Vapour pressure of water
At a given temperature! Pa

p

PR (solia boay mechanics, rigia
boay motions) Rates of
change of components of
rotational velocity relative to
body axes
s. Remark .3 rad/s
2

p OXRT, PR (ships, manoeuvrability)
Roll acceleration, angular
acceleration about body x-
axis

ap / at 1/s
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 P, p
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

p PR (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axes
s. Remark .3 rad/s
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Q, q
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

Q Q (ships, performance) Torque

P
D
/ Nm

Q (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Quality
nder consideration u
Q
U
/s

Q QF,
QFLOW
(fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
ate of flow R
Volume passing across a
ontrol surface in time unit c

m
3
/s

Q QF (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Entrainment
b
)U ay
a
m
2
/s

Q
AW
QQAW (ships, sea keeping) Mean
torque increase in waves
Nm

Q
BS
QBS (ACJ ana SES) Bow seal air
low rate f
Air flow rate to the bow seal m
3
/s

Q
bl

(ships, water fets) Volume
flow rate inside boundary
ayer l
m/s

Q
C
QCF (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Convective
lux f
Q
U
/s

Q
CU
QCU (ACJ ana SES) Cushion air
low rate f
Air flow rate to cushion m
3
/s

Q
D
QDF (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Diffusive
flux
Q
U
/s

Q
F
QFL (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Total flux
across the
surface of the control
volume
Inward positive! Q
U
/s

Q
FS
QFS (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Torque of stern fin
Nm

Q
IA
QIMS (ice going vessels) Average
t rque in ice o

Nm

Q
J

QJ (ships, water fets) Volume
flow rate of jet
m/s

Q
M
QDM (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Molecular
diffusion
Q
U
/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Q, q
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

Q
P
QPN (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Production
of sources in the control
volume
Q
U
/s

Q
FB
QFB (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Torque of bow fin

Nm

Q
R
QRU (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Torque about
udder stock r
Nm

Q
S
QSP (ships, propulsor
performance) Spindle torque
About spindle axis of
controllable pitch propeller
Q
S
Q
SC
Q
SH

positive if it increases pitch
Q
S

Q
S
QRT (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Storage in
the control volume, rate of
hange of the quantity stored c

aq / at Q
U
/s

Q
SC
QSPC (ships, propulsor
performance) Centrifugal
pindle torque s
Q
SC

Q
SH
QSPH (ships, propulsor
performance) Hydrodynamic
spindle torque
Q
SH

Q
SS
QSS (ACJ ana SES) Stern seal air
low rate f
Air flow rate to the stern seal m
3
/s

Q
T
QT (ACJ ana SES) Total air
olume flow v
m
3
/s

Q
T
QDT (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Turbulent
diffusion
Q
U
/s

q Q (funaamental, balances ana
system relatea) Quantity of
the quality under
consideration stored in a
control volume
Q
U

q UNQ (solia boay mechanics,
loaas) Load per unit length
N/m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Q, q
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

q Q (solia boay mechanics, rigia
velocity around body axis y
rad/s

q PD, EK (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Dynamic pressure, density
of kinetic flow energy,
J
2
/ 2 Pa

q PD, EK (ships, hull resistance)
Dynamic pressure, density
of kinetic flow energy,
J
2
/ 2
see 3.3.2
Pa

q OY, Q (ships, manoeuvrability)
Pitch velocity, rotational
elocity about body y-axis v
1/s

q
A
QA (ships, propulsor
performance) Dynamic
pressure based on advance
speed
J
A
2
/ 2 Pa

q
S
QS (ships, propulsor
performance) Dynamic
pressure based on section
dvance speed a
J
S
2
/ 2 Pa

q
R
PDWR,
EKWR
(ships, hull resistance)
Dynamic pressure based on
apparent wind
J
WR
2
/ 2
see 3.4.2
Pa

q OYRT, QR (ships, manoeuvrability)
Pitch acceleration, angular
acceleration about body y-
xis a

aq / at 1/s
2

q

QR (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axes
rad/s
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 R, r
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

R R (funaamental, time ana
Complex variable
exp(s T
S
)
Laurent transform

R RR (funaamental, statistical,
correlation

R R, RE (ships, basic quantities)
Resistance (force)
velocity
N

R RD (ships, basic quantities)
Radius
m

R RDP (ships, propulsor geometry)
Propeller radius
m

R
A
RA (ships, hull resistance)
Model-ship correlation
allowance
Incremental resistance to be
added to the smooth ship
resistance to complete the
model-ship prediction
N

R
AA
RAA (ships, hull resistance) Air or
ind resistance w
N

R
AP
RAP (ships, hull resistance)
ppendage resistance A
N

R
AR
RAR (ships, hull resistance)
oughness resistance R
N

R
ASK
RASK (ACJ ana SES) Intake
momentum resistance
of skirt

A
Q
TS
J
A
N

R
AW
RAW (ships, sea keeping) Mean
esistance increase in waves r
N

R
aw
(sailing vessels) Added
esistance in waves R
N

R
AT
RAT (ACJ ana SES) Total
erodynamic resistance a

R
M
R
0
N

R
C
RC (ships, hull resistance)
Resistance corrected for
difference in temperature
between resistance and
self-propulsion tests
R
TM
((1 k) C
FMC
+ C
R
) /
((1 + k) C
FM
C
R
)
where C
FMC
is the frictional
coefficient at the temperature
of the self-propulsion test
N
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 R, r
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

R
C
RC (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning radius
m

Re RN (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Reynolds
number

J L / v 1

Re
*
RDELS (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Reynolds number
based
on displacement thickness

U

*
/ v or U
e

*
/ v 1

Re
RTHETA (fluia mechanics, bounaary

layers) Reynolds number
based
on momentum thickness

U
/ v or U
e
/ v 1

R
F
RF (ships, hull resistance)
Frictional resistance of a
ody b
Due to fluid friction on the
surface of the body
N

R
F0
RF0 (ships, hull resistance)
Frictional resistance of a flat
plate
N

R
FINT
RFINT (multi-hull vessels)
nterference correction i
R
FMH
- 2 R
F
N

R
FMH
RFMH (multi-hull vessels)
Frictional resistance of
ulti-hull vessel m
N

R
FU
(sailing vessels) Friction
resistance (upright)
N

R
H
RH (ACJ ana SES)
Hydrodynamic resistance

R
W
R
WET
N

R
H
RH (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Hydraulic radius
Area of section divided by
wetted perimeter
m

R
H
RTUHA (sailing vessels) Resistance
increase due to heel (with
ero side force) z
N

R
I
Resistance increase due to
ide (induced resistance) s
N

R
I
RI (ice going vessels) Net ice
resistance
R
IT
- R
IW
N
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 R, r
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

R
IT
RIT (ice going vessels) Total
resistance in ice
Ship towing resistance in ice N

R
IW
RIW (ice going vessels)
Hydrodynamic resistance
in presence of ice
Total water resistance of
ship in ice
N

R
K
RKEEL (planing, semi-aisplacement
essels) Keel drag v
N

R
M
RM (ACJ ana SES) Intake
momentum resistance
in general

A
Q
T
J
A
N

R
MCU
RMCU (ACJ ana SES) Intake
momentum resistance
of cushion

A
Q
TCU
J
A
N

R
P
RP (ships, hull resistance)
ressure resistance P
Due to the normal stresses
ver the surface of a body o
N

R
PAR
RPAR (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Parasitic drag
Drag due to inlet and outlet
penings o
N

R
PS
RSP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Pressure component
of spray drag
N

R
PJ
RPV (ships, hull resistance)
iscous pressure resistance V
Due to normal stress related
o viscosity and turbulence t
N

RR RR (funaamental, statistical,
correlation

R
R
RR (ships, hull resistance)

R
T
- R
F
or R
T
- R
F0
N

R
RH
RRBH (ships, hull resistance)
Residuary resistance of the
are hull b
N

R
RI
RRINT (multi-hull vessels)
interference correction

R
RMH
- 2 R
R
N

R
RMH
RRMH (multi-hull vessels)
orrection of multi-hull c

R
TMH
- R
FMH
N

R
RU
(sailing vessels) Residuary
N
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 R, r
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

R
S
RS (ships, hull resistance) Spray
resistance
Due to generation of spray N

RS RS (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Sample
orrelation c

R
SI
RSI (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Required
subdivision index
1
R
si
RSI (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Required
ubdivision index s

R
T
RT (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Total resistance
Total towed resistance N

R
TBH
RTBH (ships, hull resistance) Total
resistance of bare hull
N

R
TI
RTINT (multi-hull vessels) Total
resistance interference
correction

R
TMH
- 2 R
T
N

R
TMH
RTMH (multi-hull vessels) Total
resistance of multi-hull
vessel

N

R
TU
RTU (sailing vessels) Total
N

R
T
RTUH (sailing vessels) Total
resistance when heeled
R
TU
R
N

R
u
R(U) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Generalized
vibratory bearing reaction
u = 1,.., 6
u = 1, 2, 3: force
u = 4, 5, 6: moment
N
N
Nm

R
J
RV (ships, hull resistance) Total
viscous resistance
R
F
R
JP
N

R
JS
RSV (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Viscous component
f spray drag o
C
F
S
WS
q
S
N

R
W
RW (ships, hull resistance) Wave
aking resistance m
Due to formation of surface
aves w
N

R
WB
RWB (ships, hull resistance) Wave
breaking resistance
Associated with the break
down of the bow wave
N
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 R, r
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

R
WET
RWET (ACJ ana SES) Resistance
due to wetting
N

R
WP
RWP (ships, hull resistance) Wave
pattern resistance
N
R
xx
XXRR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Auto-correlation
of a stationary stochastic
process

x(t)x(t )
E
R
xx
()

R
xx
() R
xx
(-)

if x is ergodic. R
xx
()
x(t)x(t )
MR

R
xx
() ) S
xx
()cos()a
0 ...

xx
R
, xx
RR
,
R
xx

R
xx
XXMR (funaamental, statistical)
Auto-correlation of a
random quantity
x x
E

R
xy
XYRR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Cross-correlation
of two stationary stochastic
processes
x(t)y(t )
E
R
xy
()
R
yx
() R
xy
(-)

if x, y are ergodic:
R
xy
() x(t)y(t )
MR

xy
R
, R
xy

R
xy
XYMR (funaamental, statistical)
Cross-correlation of two
andom quantities r

x y
E

R
RPI (planing, semi-aisplacement

essels) Induced drag v
g V tg
N

R

RTUHA (sailing vessels) Resistance
increase due to heel (with
zero side force)
N

r R (solia boay mechanics, rigia
elocity around body axis z v
rad/s

r RD (ships, basic quantities)
adius R
m

r LR (ships, propulsor geometry)
Blade section radius
m

r OZ, R (ships, manoeuvrability)
Yaw velocity, rotational
velocity about body z-axis
1/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 R, r
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

r

R (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Cylindrical
coordinates
axis as defined before;
clockwise looking forward, r
distance measured from the
x-axis
m
r (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Effective wave
slope coefficient

r
C
OZCI (ships, manoeuvrability,
urning rate t
1/s

r
C
'
OZCINO (ships, manoeuvrability,
dimensional steady turning
rate
r
C
L
PP
/ U
C
or 2 L
PP
/ D
C
m

r
h
RH (ships, propulsor geometry)
ub radius H
m

r RR (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axes
s. Remark .3 rad/s
2

r OZRT, RR (ships, manoeuvrability)
Yaw acceleration, angular
acceleration about body z-
axis

ar / at 1/s
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 S, s
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

S S, AWS (ships, hull geometry) Area
of wetted surface
m
2

S S (ships, hull resistance)
Wetted surface area,
nderway u

S
BH
S
AP
m
2

S
0
S0 (ships, hull resistance)
etted surface area, at rest W

S
BH0
S
AP0
m
2

S
1
if
ana space relatea) First
order moment of a scalar
quantity, formerly static
moments of a scalar
istribution d

)
ikf
x
k
as

S
2
if
ana space relatea) Second
moment of a scalar quantity,
formerly moments of inertia
f a scalar distribution o

)
kli
x
l
fkm
x
m
as

S
A
SRA (ships, propulsor
performance) Apparent slip
atio r

1 - J / (n P) 1

S
A
AS (sailing vessels) Sail area in
general
(P E I J) / 2 m
2

S
AP
SAP (ships, hull resistance)
Appendage wetted surface
rea, underway a

m
2

S
AP0
SAP0 (ships, hull resistance)
Appendage wetted surface
rea, at rest a
m
2

S
BH
SBH (ships, hull resistance) Bare
Hull wetted surface area,
underway
m
2

S
BH0
SBH0 (ships, hull resistance) Bare
Hull wetted surface area, at
est r
m
2

S
C
CIRCS (ships, hull geometry) R.E.
Froude's wetted surface area
coefficient

S / V
2/3
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 S, s
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

S
C
CIRCS (ships, hull resistance) R. E.
Froudes wetted surface
coefficient
S / V
2/3
1

S
C
SC (sailing vessels) Wetted
urface area of canoe body s
m
2

S
H
THL (fluia mechanics, flow
ielas) Total head loss f
m

S
H0
SSH0 (ACJ ana SES) Wetted area
of side hulls at rest off
ushion c
Total wetted area of side
walls under way on cushion
m
2

S
I
SAIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Salinity of ice
Weight of salt per unit
weight of ice
1

S
i
(f),
S
i
()
EISF,
EISC
waves) Incident wave power
pectral density s
m
2
/Hz

S
K
SK (sailing vessels) Wetted
urface area of keel s
m
2

S
(f), S
(f),
S
(), S
()
EWSF,
EWSC
elevation auto spectral
density
see also section 3.4.1,
Waves
m
2
s

S
(f),
S
()
EWSF,
EWSC
waves) Wave power spectral
density
m
2
/Hz

Sr SN (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Strouhal number

f L / J 1

S
R
SRR (ships, propulsor
performance) Real slip ratio

1 - J
A
/ (n P) 1

S
R
SR (sailing vessels) Wetted
surface area of rudder

S
r
(f),
S
r
()
ERSF,
ERSC
waves) Reflected wave
power spectral density
m
2
/Hz

S
SHC
SSHC (ACJ ana SES) Wetted area
of side hulls under way on
cushion
walls under way on cushion
m
2

S
SH
SSH (ACJ ana SES) Wetted area
of side hulls under way off
cushion
walls under way off cushion
m
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 S, s
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
STIX (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Actual stability
index value according to
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Required stability
ndex value, see i

S
uv
S(U,V) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea)
Generalized moment of a
scalar quantity distributed
in space

s. Remark .3

S
if
S
0
if

S
i, 3f
S
1
if
T

S
3i, f
S
1
if

S
3i, 3f
S
2
if

S
W
SAWA (environmental mechanics,
ice) Salinity of water
Weight of dissolved salt per
unit weight of saline water
1

S
WB
SWB (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted bottom area,
nderway u
Area bounded by stagnation
line, chines or water surface
nderway and transom u
m
2

S
WHP
SWHP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted area
underway of planing hull
Principal wetted area
bounded by trailing edge,
chines and spray root line
m
2

S
WHE
SWHE (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted hull area,
underway
Total wetted surface of hull
underway, including spray
area and wetted side area,
/o wetted transom area w
m
2

S
WHS
SWSH (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Area of wetted sides
Wetted area of the hull side
above the chine or the
design water line
m
2

S
WS
, S
S
SWS (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Area wetted by
pray s
Wetted area between design
line or stagnation line and
pray edge s

m
2

S
xx
XXSR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Power spectrum
or autospectral power
density of a stochastic
process
xx
RRSR

STIX
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 S, s
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

S
xy
XYSR (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Cross-power
spectrum of two stationary
stochastic processes

xy
RRSR

S
(,)
S
(,)
etc.
S2ZET
S2TET
etc.
waves) Two dimensional
pectral density s
1

S
(f,)
S
(,)
STHETA (environmental mechanics,
waves) Directional spectral
density
m
2
/Hz/
rad

s S (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Any
scalar quantity distributed,
aybe singularly, in space m

)as

s S (funaamental, time ana
Complex variable
a 2if
Laplace transform
1/s

s SP (ships, basic quantities)
Distance along path
m
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Wave steepness

s
F
SPF (ships, manoeuvrability,
stopping man.) Distance
along track,
track reach
m

s
R
if
SR(I,J) (fluia mechanics, flow
fielas) Turbulent or
Reynolds stress
v
i
v
f
CR
Pa

s
if
ST(I,J) (fluia mechanics, flow
fielas) Total stress tensor
Density of total diffusive
momentum flux due to
molecular and turbulent
exchange
Pa

s
J
SINKV (ships, performance)
inkage, dynamic S
Change of draft, fore and
ft, divided by length a
1

s
J
if
SV(I,J) (fluia mechanics, flow
fielas) Viscous stress
Pa
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 S, s
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

s
x
XDS (funaamental, statistical)
Sample deviation of a
random quantity
x
JS 1/2
,
unbiased random estimate of
the standard deviation
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 T, t
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

T T (ships, hull geometry) Draft,
oulded, of ship hull m
m

T TC (ships, basic quantities)
Period
Duration of a cycle of a
repeating or periodic, not
necessarily harmonic
process
s

T TIC (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Time constant of
the 1st order manoeuvring
quation e
s

T TH (ships, propulsor
thrust
N

T TC (ships, sea keeping) Wave
period
s
T T (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Draft, moulded,
of ship hull - I99/1.2.1

T YHA (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Equivalent
transverse heeling arm
Heeling moment/A

T
01
T1 (environmental mechanics,
waves) Average period from
eroth and first moment z

m
0
/m
1
s

T
02
T2 (environmental mechanics,
waves) Average period from
zeroth and second moment
(m
0
/m
2
)
1/2
s

T
1
TIC1 (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) First time constant
f manoeuvring equation o
s

T
2
keeping) Second time
constant of manoeuvring
equation
s

T
3
keeping) Third time constant
of manoeuvring equation
s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 T, t
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

T
A
TA, TAP (ships, hull geometry) Draft
t aft perpendicular a
m

T
AD
TAD, TAPD (ships, hull geometry)
Design draft at aft
perpendicular
m

T
AW
TAW (ships, sea keeping) Mean
thrust increase in waves
N

T
C
CIRCT (ships, hull geometry) R.E.
Froude's draft coefficient

T / V
1/3
1

T
C
TC (funaamental, time ana
eriod of cycle P
1 / f
C
duration of cycles in
eriodic, repeating processes p
s

T
C
TC0 (ACJ ana SES) Cushion
thrust
N

T
C
TCAN (sailing vessels) Draft of
canoe body
m

T
D
THDU (ships, propulsor
performance) Duct thrust
N

T
DP
THDP (ships, propulsor
performance) Ducted
ropeller thrust p
N

T
DT
THDT (ships, propulsor
performance) Total thrust of
a ducted propeller unit
N

T
a
TD (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave periods by
zero down -crossing
s

T
E
TEFF (sailing vessels) Effective
draft
F
H
/ (J
B
2
R)
5
m

T
e
TE (ships, sea keeping) Wave
encounter period
s

T
F
TF, TFP (ships, hull geometry) Draft
at forward perpendicular
m

T
F
TFO (hyarofoil boats) Foil
mmersion i
Distance between foil chord
nd mean water surface a
m

T
FD
TFD, TFPD (ships, hull geometry)
Design draft at forward
perpendicular
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 T, t
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

T
FD
TFD (hyarofoil boats) Depth of
submergence of apex of a
ihedral foil d
Distance between foil apex
and mean water surface
m

T
FM
TFOM (hyarofoil boats) Mean
depth of foil submergence
m

T
H
THUL (ships, hull geometry) Draft
of the hull
Maximum draft of the hull
without keel or skeg
m

Th TN (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Thoma number
(H
U
- p
J
/ w) / H
N
1

Th TN (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Thoma number,
Cavitation number

(p
A
p
J
)/q 1

T
IA
TIMS (ice going vessels) Average
otal thrust in ice t
N

T
if
T(I,J) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Tensor in
space referred to an
orthogonal system of
Cartesian coordinates
fixed in the body

T
if
s
T
if
a

T
if
A
TAS(I,J) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Anti-
symmetric part of a tensor

( T
if
- T
fi
) / 2

T
if
S
TSY(I,J) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea)
Symmetric part of a tensor

( T
if
T
fi
) / 2

T
if
T
TTR(I,J) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea)
Transposed tensor

T
fi

T
if
v
f
(funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Tensor
product

E T
if
v
f
TL (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Turning lever

T
M
, a
M
TM, TMS (ships, hull geometry) Draft
at midship
(T
A
T
F
) / 2 for rigid bodies
with straight keel
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 T, t
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

T
MD
TMD, TMSD (ships, hull geometry)
esign draft at midship D
(T
AD
T
FD
) / 2 for rigid
odies b
m

T
P
TP (environmental mechanics,
waves) Period with
maximum energy
2f
P

T
R
TR (environmental mechanics,
waves) Duration of record
1 / f
R
s

T
rt
TRT (environmental mechanics,
waves) Return period
The average interval in years
between times that a given
design wave is exceeded

T
S
TS (environmental mechanics,
waves) Sample interval
1 / f
S
,
time between two successive
samples
s

T
S
TS (funaamental, time ana
eriod of sampling P
Duration between samples s

T
T
TTR (ships, hull geometry)
Immersion of transom
Vertical depth of trailing
edge of boat at keel below
water surface level
m

T
u
TU (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave periods by
zero up - crossing
s

T
J
TV (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave period
estimated from visual
observation
s

T
W
TW (environmental mechanics,
waves) Basic wave period
1 / f
W
s

T
xP
TXP (ships, propulsor
Thrust along shaft axis
N

T
yP
TYP (ships, propulsor
normal force in y direction
in propeller axis
N

T
:
TNHE (ships, sea keeping) Natural
period of heave
s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 T, t
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

T
:P
TZP (ships, propulsor
normal force in z direction in
propeller axis
N

T
TNPI (ships, sea keeping) Natural

period of pitch
s

T
TNRO (ships, sea keeping) Natural

period of roll
s

t TI (funaamental, time ana
ime T
- ... + s

t TI (ships, basic quantities)
Time
s

t TE (ships, basic quantities)
Temperature
K

t TT (ships, hull geometry) Taylor
tangent of the area curve
The intercept of the tangent
to the sectional area curve at
the bow on the midship
rdinate o
1

t TM (ships, propulsor geometry)
Blade section thickness
m

t TMX (ships, appenaage geometry)
Maximum thickness of an
aerofoil or a hydrofoil
Measured normal to mean
line
m

t YHA (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Equivalent
ransverse heeling arm t
Heeling moment / m

t THDF (ships, performance) Thrust
deduction fraction
1 - (R
T
- F
P
) / T 1

t
A

TEAI (environmental mechanics,
ice) Temperature of air
C

t
I

TEIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Local temperature of ice
C

t
W

TEWA (environmental mechanics,
ce) Temperature of water i
C

t
O
TO (ships, propulsor geometry)
Thickness on axis of
propeller blade
Thickness of propeller blade
as extended down to
propeller axis
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 T, t
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

t
90
TI90 (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Time to
reach 90 degree change of
heading
s

t
180
TI180 (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Time to
reach 180 degree change of
eading h
s

t
a
TIA (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) Initial turning
time
s

t
c1
TIC1 (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) First time to
check yaw (starboard)
s

t
c2
TIC2 (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) Second time to
heck yaw (port) c
s

t
D
TD (ships, propulsor geometry)
Thickness of duct profile
m

t
a
DURATN (environmental mechanics,
wina) Wind duration
s

t
F
TIF (ships, manoeuvrability,
stopping man.) Stopping
time
s

t
hc
TCHC (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) Period of changes
n heading i
s

t
f
TI(J) (funaamental, time ana
Sample time instances
f T
S

t
KL
TRIM (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
apsi:ing) Static trim c
T
A
-T
F
-a
KL

t
KL
TRIM (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Static trim

T
A
- T
F
- a
KL
m

t
r
TIR (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) Reach time
s

t
s
TRIM (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Static trim

T
A
- T
F
- a
KL
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 T, t
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

t
s
TSTR (multi-hull vessels)
Maximum thickness of strut
m
t
s
TRIM (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Static trim
T
A
-T
F
-a
KL

t
J
TV (ships, performance)
Running trim
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 U, u
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

U U, UN (ships, basic quantities)
Undisturbed velocity of a
fluid
m/s

U V (sailing vessels) Boat
velocity
m/s

U
10
U10M (environmental mechanics,
wina) Reference mean
wind speed at elevation 10
meters above sea surface
U
10
= (10/:)
1/7
U
:
A
m/s

U
A
UA (ships, propulsor
performance) Axial velocity
induced by propeller
m/s

U
A
USHEAR (environmental mechanics,
wina) Wind shear velocity
C
10
1/2
U
10
or 0.71U
10
1.23
m/s

U
AD
UADU (ships, propulsor
induced by duct of ducted
ropeller p
m/s

U
AP
UAP (ships, propulsor
induced by propeller of
ducted propeller
m/s

U
aw
VWREL (sailing vessels) Apparent
ind velocity w
m/s

U
C
UC (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Speed in
teady turn s
m/s

U
e
UE (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Velocity at the edge
of the boundary layer at
y
995
m/s

U
I
UNIN (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Critical velocity
Free stream velocity at
which cavitation inception
akes place t
m/s

U
i
UIN (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Instantaneous
velocity
m/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 U, u
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

U
m
UMR (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Time mean of
elocity in boundary layer v
m/s

U
R
UR (ships, propulsor
performance) Radial
velocity induced by
propeller
m/s

U
RP
URP (ships, propulsor
performance) Radial
velocity induced by
ropeller of ducted propeller p
m/s

U
RD
URDU (ships, propulsor
performance) Radial
velocity induced by duct of
ducted propeller
m/s

U
T
UT (ships, propulsor
performance) Tangential
velocity induced by
ropeller p
m/s

U
TD
UTDU (ships, propulsor
velocity induced by duct of
ucted propeller d
m/s

U
TP
UTP (ships, propulsor
velocity induced by
propeller of ducted propeller
m/s

U
:
A
UZA (environmental mechanics,
wina) Average wind speed
at elevation z above the
sea surface
(U
:
u
:i
)
A

U
:
A
(:/10)
1/7
U
10
or
U
:
A
= U
10
U
A
ln(:/10)
m/s

U
UFS (fluia mechanics, bounaary

layers) Free-stream velocity
far from the surface
m/s

u

U, VX,
V1(1), V(1)
(solia boay mechanics, rigia
boay motions) Translatory
velocity in the direction of
body axis x
m/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 U, u
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

u VX, V1
VY, V2
VZ, V3
Velocity component in
direction of x, y, z axes
m/s

u UFL (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Velocity fluctuations
n boundary layer i

m/s

u UX, U (ships, manoeuvrability)
Surge velocity, linear
velocity along body x-axis

m/s

u U (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axis x
m/s

u
i
, v
i
U(I), J(I) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Any
ector quantities v

u
i
v
i
UJPS (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Scalar
product

u
i
v
i

u
i
v
f

UJPD(I,J) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Diadic
product

u
i
v
f

u
f
UJ (ships, water fets) Local
total velocity at Station j
m/s
u
fx
UJX (ships, water fets) Local
axial velocity at Station j
m/s
u
7
UJFI (ships, water fets) Local
tangential velocity at
tation 7 S
m/s

u,v
x
VX, V1
VY, V2
VZ, V3
m/s

u
:
, u
:i
UFLUCT (environmental mechanics,
wina) Turbulent wind
fluctuations
m/s

u
UTAU (fluia mechanics, bounaary

layers) Shear (friction)
velocity

( / )
1/2
m/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 U, u
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

u
s
UFLS (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Root mean square
value of velocity
fluctuations

m/s

u

UR (solia boay mechanics, rigia
linear velocity relative to
body axes
m/s
2

u UXRT, UR (ships, manoeuvrability)
Surge acceleration, linear
acceleration along body x-
xis a

au / at m/s
2

u
UPLUS (fluia mechanics, bounaary

ayers) l

U / u
1

uv
UJPV(I) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Vector
product

ifk
u
f
v
k

u
*
USHEAR (environmental mechanics,
wina) Wind shear velocity
C
10
1/2
U
10
or 0.71U
10
1.23
m/s
TTC Symbols
Version 2002 V, v
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

J VA (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Velocity
J v
i
v
i
1/2
m/s

J VO (ships, basic quantities)
Volume
m
3

J DISPVOL (ships, hull geometry)
Displacement volume

/ ( g) V
BH
V
AP
m
3

J V (ships, hull resistance)
Speed of the model or the
hip s
m/s

J V (ships, performance) Ship
peed s
m/s

J V (ships, manoeuvrability)
Linear velocity of origin in
body axes

m/s
J (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Tank total
capacity

J
0
V0, OMN (ships, basic quantities)
Rotational velocity
2 n rad/s

J
0
i
J0(I),J(I) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Zeroth
order moments of a vector
quantity distributed in space,
referred to an orthogonal
system of Cartesian
coordinates fixed in the
ody b

)av
i

J
O
VO (ships, manoeuvrability)
Approach speed

m/s

J
0
V0 (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Velocity of undisturbed flow
m/s
J
0
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Speed of craft in
the turn - IMO/HSC'2000
Service speed - IMO/IS

J
1
V, V1 (ships, basic quantities)
Linear or translatory
velocity of a body
as / at m/s
TTC Symbols
Version 2002 V, v
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

J
1
i
J1(I) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) First
istribution d

)
ifk
x
f
av
k

J
A
VA (ships, manoeuvrability)
pproach speed A

m/s

J
A
VA (ships, propulsor
performance) Advance
speed of propeller
m/s

J
A
VA (ships, performance)
Propeller advance speed
Equivalent propeller open
water speed based on thrust
r torque identity o
m/s

J
BM
VBM (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Mean bottom
velocity
Mean velocity over bottom
of the hull
m/s
J
Ef
VEJ (ships, water fets) Local
energy velocity at Station j
{u
f
2
+ (2/)(p
f
- p
0
)}
0.5
m/s

J
F
VF (ships, manoeuvrability)
low or current velocity F

m/s

J
I
VI (fluia mechanics, lifting
urfaces) Induced velocity s
m/s

J
i
V(I) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Velocity field of the
ake w
i = 1, 2, 3 m/s

J
i
J0(I),J(I) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Zeroth
quantity distributed in space,
referred to an orthogonal
system of Cartesian
coordinates fixed in the
body

)av
i

J
f
VJ (ships, water fets) Mean
tation j velocity at S
m/s

J
KN
VKN (ships, hull resistance)
peed in knots S

J
L
VOLS (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Volume loss
W
L
/ w m
3

J
mc
VMC (sailing vessels) Velocity
made good on course
m/s
TTC Symbols
Version 2002 V, v
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

J
mg
VMG (sailing vessels) Velocity
made good to windward
(contrary to wind direction)
m/s

J
P
VP (ships, propulsor
performance) Mean axial
velocity at propeller plane of
ucted propeller d
m/s

J
R
VR (ships, hull resistance) Wind
velocity, relative
m/s

J
S
VS (ships, propulsor
performance) Section
advance speed
at 0.7 R
(J
A
2
+ (0.7 R )
2
)
1/2
m/s

J
SP
VSP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Spray velocity
Relative velocity between
hull and spray in direction of
the spray
m/s

J
T
VT (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Resultant velocity
of
flow approaching a
hydrofoil
Taking vortex induced
velocities into account
m/s

J
tw
VWABS (sailing vessels) True wind
velocity
m/s

J
u
V(URT) (ships, manoeuvrability)
Generalized velocity

m/s

J
u

V(URT) (ships, manoeuvrability)
eneralized acceleration G

m/s
2

J
u
J(U) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea)
Generalized vector

J
i
J
0
i

J
3i
J
1
i

J
WR
VWREL (ships, manoeuvrability)
Relative wind velocity

m/s

J
WR
VWREL (environmental mechanics,
wina) Apparent wind
velocity
see section 1.4.1 m/s

J
WT
VWABS (ships, manoeuvrability)
True wind velocity

m/s
TTC Symbols
Version 2002 V, v
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

J
WT
VWABS (environmental mechanics,
wina) True wind velocity
see section 1.4.1 m/s

v UY, V (ships, manoeuvrability)
Sway velocity, linear
velocity along body y-axis

m/s

v V (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axis y
m/s
v (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Tank total
capacity

v
0
1
P, OMX,
V0(1), V(4)
rad/s

v
0
2
Q, OMY,
V0(2), V(5)
rad/s

v
0
3
R, OMZ,
V0(3), V(6)
velocity around body axis :
rad/s

v
1
1
U, VX,
V1(1), V(1)
body axis x
m/s

v
1
2
V, VY,
V1(2), V(2)
body axis y
m/s

v
1
3
W, VZ,
V1(3), V(3)
ody axis : b
m/s

v
1
U, VX,
V1(1), V(1)
body axis x
m/s
TTC Symbols
Version 2002 V, v
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

v
1
VX, V1 (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
direction of x, y, : axes
m/s

v
2
V1(2), V(2) (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axis y
m/s

v
2
VY, V2 (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
irection of x, y, : axes d
m/s

v
3
ody axis z b
m/s

v
3
VZ, V3 (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
m/s

v
4
elocity around body axis x v
rad/s

v
5
Q, OMY,
V0(2), V(5)
rad/s

v
6
R, OMZ,
V0(3), V(6)
elocity around body axis : v
rad/s

v
A
POAI (environmental mechanics,
ice) Relative volume of air
Volume of gas pores per unit
olume of ice v
1

v
B
POBR (environmental mechanics,
ice) Relative volume of
brine
Volume of liquid phase per
unit volume of ice
1

v
O
POIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Total porosity of ice
v
O
v
A
v
B
1

v
i
V(I) (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Velocity
m/s
TTC Symbols
Version 2002 V, v
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

v
u
V(U) (solia boay mechanics, rigia
boay motions) Components
of generalized velocity or
motion relative to body axes
v
i
v
1
i

v
3i
v
0
i

m/s
rad/s

v
y
VY, V2 (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
m/s
v
W
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Calculation wind
speed

v
x
VX, (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axis x
m/s

v
y
V, VY,
V1(2), V(2)
body axis y
m/s

v
:
W, VZ,
V1(3), V(3)
ody axis : b
m/s

uv
UJPV(I) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Vector
product

ifk
u
f
v
k

v VR (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axes
m/s
2

v UYRT, VR (ships, manoeuvrability)
Sway acceleration, linear
acceleration along body y-
axis

av / at m/s
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 W, w
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

W WT (ships, basic quantities)
Weight (force), gravity force
acting on a body
N

W SHIPWT (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Ship weight

m g N
W SHIPWT (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Ship weight
m g

We WN (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Weber number
J
2
L / 1

W
F
WTF (hyarofoil boats) Weight of
foil
N

W
L
WTLS (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Weight loss
Weight of material eroded
from a specimen during a
specified time
N/s

w WD (ships, basic quantities)
Weight density, formerly
specific weight
aW / aJ g N/m
3

w WPUL (solia boay mechanics,
loaas) Weight per unit
length

aW / ax
1
N/m

w W (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axis z
m/s

w WD (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Weight Density
g (See 1.1.1)

w WFT (ships, performance) Taylor
wake fraction in general
(J - J
A
) / J 1

w UZ, W (ships, manoeuvrability)
Heave velocity, linear
elocity along body z-axis v

m/s

w
F
WFF (ships, performance) Froude
wake fraction
(J - J
A
) / J
A
1

w
Q
WFTQ (ships, performance) Taylor
torque wake fraction
Propeller speed V
A
determined from torque
identity
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 W, w
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

w
T
WFTT (ships, performance) Taylor
thrust wake fraction
Propeller speed, J
A
,
determined from thrust
identity
1

w,v
:
VZ, V3 (fluia mechanics, flow
fielas) (fluia mechanics,
flow fielas) Velocity
component in direction of x,
y, z axes
m/s

w WR (solia boay mechanics, rigia
body axes
s. Remark .3 m/s
2

w UZRT, WR (ships, manoeuvrability)
Heave acceleration, linear
acceleration along body z-
axis

aw / at m/s
2

w,v
:
VZ, V3 (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
m/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

X

(funaamental, time ana
Real "valued" Iunction

X

X

loaas) Force in direction oI
body axis x

Nm

X

FX

keeping) Surge Iorce on
body, Iorce along body x-
xis a

N

X

(sailing vessels)
Components oI resultant
Iorce along designated axis

N
X
1
amplituae motions
coeIIicients

X
2
amplituae motions
oeIIicients c

X
CB

XCB (ships, hyarostatics,
oI buoyancy (LCB)

oI buoyancy, B

m
X
CB
XCB (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
centre oI buoyancy (LCB)
oI buoyancy, B

X
CF

XCF

oI Ilotation (LCF)

oI Ilotation, F

m
X
CF
XCF (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
centre oI Ilotation (LCF)
oI Ilotation, F

X
CG

XCG

oI gravity (LCG)

Longitudinal distance Irom a
oI gravity, G

m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

X
CG
XCG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
entre oI gravity (LCG) c

oI gravity, G

X
F

FDIM (environmental mechanics,
wina) Dimensionless Fetch

gF/U
19
2

X
H

XH

(ACJ ana SES) Horizontal
structure

needs clariIication

m

X
R

XRU

keeping) Longitudinal
udder Iorce r

N

X
S

XS (ACJ ana SES) Distance oI
leading skirt contact point
out-board or outer hinge oI
attachment point to structure

needs clariIication

m

X
u

XU

keeping) Derivative oI surge
Iorce with respect to surge
velocity

cX / cu

Ns/m

X u

XURT

keeping) Derivative oI surge
Iorce with respect to surge
cceleration a

cX / u c

Ns
2
/m

x,

X,

ana space relatea) Body
axes and corresponding

Right-hand orthogonal
system oI coordinates Iixed
in the body

m

x

X, Y

stochastic) Stationary
stochastic process

x(,t), y(,t)

x

x

Values oI real quantities

x(t)

x

XLO

(ships, performance) Load
Iraction in power prediction

D
P
D
/ P
E
- 1 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

11
x

X

(ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Cylindrical
coordinates

axis as deIined beIore;
clockwise looking Iorward, r
distance measured Irom the
-axis x

m

x

X

(ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Cartesian coordinates
Origin O coinciding with the
centre oI the propeller. The
longitudinal x-axis coincides
with the shaIt axis, positive
Iorward; the trans-verse y-
axis, positive to port; the
hird, :-axis, positive upward t

m

x

X, Y

andom quantities R

x(), y()

x
0

X0 (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Space

in relation to the space

m

x
01

X0(1)

artesian coordinates C


m

x
02

X0(2) (funaamental. coorainate


m

x
03

X0(3) (funaamental. coorainate


m

x
090

X090

turning circles) Advance at
0 change oI heading 9

m

x
0180

X0180 (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Advance at
180 change oI heading

m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

x
0F

X0F

stopping man.) Head reach

m

x
0max

XMX

turning circles) Maximum
dvance a

m

x
1

X(1) (funaamental. coorainate

in the body

m

x
2

X(2)


in the body

m

x
3

X(3) (funaamental. coorainate

in the body

m

x
A

XA

nalytic Iunction A

X
A
(t) X(t) iX
H
(t)

x
A

XMS (funaamental, statistical)
Average or sample mean oI
a random quantity

1/n E x
i
, i 1...n
unbiased random estimate oI
x
AE
x
E

x
JSE
x
J
/ n

x
B

XBDR

Boss to diameter ratio
a
h
/ D

x
cb
XACB (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
centre oI Iloatation oI added
uoyant layer b

oI the added buoyant layer, b

x
cg

XACG (ships, hyarostatics,
oI gravity oI added weight
(mass)

reIerence to the centre oI
gravity, g, oI an added or
removed weight (mass)

m
x
cg
XACG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
centre oI gravity oI added
weight (mass)
oI gravity, g, oI an added or
removed weight (mass)

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

x
D

XDR

Standard deviation oI a
random quantity

x
JR /

x
D
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Distance oI down
Ilooding opening Irom end
oI boat

x
DR

XDR

random quantity

x
JR /

x
DS

XDS

Sample deviation oI a
andom quantity r

x
JS 1/2
,
he standard deviation t

x
DF

XDF (funaamental, time ana
Fourier transIorm oI
sampled Iunction

X
DF
(f) Ex
f
exp(-i2ffT
S
)
i.e. periodically repeating
X(0)/2 f
S
EX
F
(f ff
S
)
sample theorem: aliasing!

x
E

XMR

Expectation or population
mean oI a random quantity

E(x)

x
F

XF

ana space relatea) Flow

in relation to the Ilow

m

x
F

XFT

Fourier transIorm

X
F
(f) )X(t)exp(-i2ft)at
inverse Iorm:
)X
F
(f)exp(-i2ft)at
iI X(t) 0 and a 0 then
X
F
(f)X
L
(f)

x
F1

XF(1)



m

x
F2

XF(2) (funaamental. coorainate


m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

x
F3

XF(3)



m

x
F
f

XFT(J) (funaamental, time ana
periodic Iunction

1/T
C
)X(t)exp(-i2ft/T
C
)at
t 0 . . T
C

X
F
Ex
F
f
(f - f/T
C
)
inverse Iorm:
X(t) Ex
F
f
exp(-i2ffT
C
)

x
H

XHT

Hilbert transIorm

X
H
(t) 1/ )X()/(t - )a

x
HF

XHF

H

ilbert transIorm

X
HF
( ) X
F
(f)(-i sgn f) f
(1/t)
F
-i sgn f

x
i

X(I), Y(I) (funaamental, statistical)
Samples oI random
quantities

i 1... n
n : sample size

x
i

X(I)

Absolute displacement oI the
hip at the reIerence point s

i 1, 2, 3 :surge, sway,
and heave respectively

m

x
f

X(J) (funaamental, time ana
Variables Ior samples
values oI real quantities

x(t
f
) )x(t)(t - t
f
)at

x
L

XLT

Laplace transIorm

X
L
(s) )X(t)exp(-st)at
iI X(t0) 0 then
(X(t)exp(-at))
F

x
M

XMR

ean oI a random quantity m

E(x)

(x
m
)
E

XmMR (funaamental, statistical) m-
th moment oI a random
quantity

(x
m
)
E

x
MR

XMR

mean oI a random quantity

E(x)

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

x
MS

XMS

Average or sample mean oI
a random quantity

1/n E x
i
, i 1...n
x
AE
x
E

x
JSE
x
J
/ n

x
PD

XPD

Probability density oI a
random quantity
a F
x
/ ax

x
PF

XPF

Probability Iunction
(distribution) oI a random
uantity q

1

x
p

XP (ships, propulsor geometry)
Longitudinal propeller
osition p

Distance oI propeller centre
Iorward oI the aIter
erpendicular p

m

x
R

XRT (funaamental, time ana
aurent transIorm L

X
R
(r)

Ex
f
r
-f
X
DL

x
R

XRU (ships, manoeuvrability)
Longitudinal position oI
udder axis r

m

x
S

XS (funaamental, time ana
Single-sided complex
spectra

X
S
(f) X
F
(f)(1 sgn f)
X
AF

i.e. 0 Ior f 0

x
S
f

XS(J)

Single-sided complex
Fourier series

X
F
f
(1 sgn f)
line spectra

x
u

X(U)

Generalized displacement oI
ship at the reIerence point a

u 1...6 surge, sway, heave,
roll, pitch, yaw

m
rad

x
J

XVR, XXVR (funaamental, statistical)
Variance oI a random
quantity

x
2 E
- x
E 2

x
JR

XVR, XXVR

quantity

x
2 E
- x
E 2

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

x
JS

XVS, XXVS

Sample variance oI a
random quantity

1/ (n - 1) E (x
i
- x
A
)
2

i 1...n
the variance x
JSE
x
J

xx
C

XXCR

oI a stationary stochastic
rocess p

(x(t) - x
E
)(x(t ) - x
E
)
E

xx
CR

XXCR (funaamental, statistical,
process

(x(t) - x
E
)(x(t ) - x
E
)
E

xx
MR
x

XXMR

Auto-correlation oI a
random quantity

x x
E

xx
R

XXMR

Auto-correlation oI a
andom quantity r

x x
E

xx
R

XXRR (funaamental, statistical,
process

x(t)x(t )
E
R
xx
()

R
xx
() R
xx
(-)

iI x is ergodic. R
xx
()
x(t)x(t )
MR

R
xx
() ) S
xx
()cos()a
0 ...

xx
RR

XXRR

process

x(t)x(t )
E
R
xx
()

R
xx
() R
xx
(-)

iI x is ergodic. R
xx
()
x(t)x(t )
MR

R
xx
() ) S
xx
()cos()a
0 ...

xx
S

XXSR

stochastic) Power spectrum
or autospectral power
density oI a stochastic
process

xx
RRSR

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

xx
JR

XVR, XXVR

uantity q

x
2 E
- x
E 2

xx
JS

XVS, XXVS (funaamental, statistical)
Sample variance oI a
random quantity

1/ (n - 1) E (x
i
- x
A
)
2

i 1...n
he variance x
JSE
x
J
t

xy
C

XYCR

oI two stationary stochastic
processes
(x(t) - x
E
)(y(t ) - y
E
)
E

xy
CR

XYCR

rocesses p

(x(t) - x
E
)(y(t ) - y
E
)
E

xy
MR

XYMR (funaamental, statistical)
Cross-correlation oI two
andom quantities r

x y
E

xy
PD

XYPD (funaamental, statistical)
Joint probability density oI

c
2
F
xy
/ (cx cy)

xy
PF

XYPF

Joint probability Iunction
(distribution) Iunction oI two
random quantities

1

xy
R

XYMR

Cross-correlation oI two
random quantities

x y
E

xy
R

XYRR

stochastic) Cross-correlation
processes

x(t)y(t )
E
R
xy
()
R
yx
() R
xy
(-)

iI x, y are ergodic:
R
xy
() x(t)y(t )
MR

xy
S

XYSR

stochastic) Cross-power
spectrum oI two stationary
stochastic processes

xy
RRSR

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 X, x

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

xy
J

XYVR

Variance oI two random
uantities q

x y
E
- x
E
y
E

xy
JR

XYVR (funaamental, statistical)
Variance oI two random
quantities

x y
E
- x
E
y
E

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Y, y
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

Y Y (solia boay mechanics,
ody axis y b
Nm

Y FY (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Sway force on
body, force along body y-
axis
N

Y (sailing vessels)
Components of resultant
orce along designated axis f
N

Y
r
YR (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Derivative of sway
force with respect to yaw
velocity

cY / cr
Ns

Y
R
YRU (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Transverse rudder
orce f

N

Y r

YRRT (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
force with respect to yaw
acceleration

cY / r c
Ns
2

Y
v
YV (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
force with respect to sway
elocity v

cY / cv
Ns/m

Y v

YVRT (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
force with respect to sway
acceleration

cY / v c
Ns
2
/m

Y
:
response function for
ranslatory motions t

:
a
() /
a
() or
:
a
() /
a
()
1

Y
YD (ships, manoeuvrability, sea

force with respect to rudder
angle

cY /
N

Y

response function for rotary
motions

a
() /
a
() or
a
() / (
2
/ (g
a
()))
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Y, y
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

y X, Y (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Stationary
tochastic process s

x(,t), y(,t)

y X, Y (funaamental, statistical)
andom quantities R

x(), y()

y Y (ships, unsteaay propeller
centre of the propeller. The
with the shaft axis, positive
forward; the trans-verse y-
hird, :-axis, positive upward t
m
m
m

y X, X(1)
Y, X(2)
Z, X(3)
system of coordinates fixed
in the body
m

y
0
X0, X0(1)
Y0, X0(2)
Z0, X0(3)
m

y
090

Y090 (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Transfer at
90 change of heading
m

y
0180
Y0180 (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Tactical
diameter (transfer at 180
change of heading)
m

y
0F
Y0F (ships, manoeuvrability,
stopping man.) Lateral
eviation d
m

y
0max
Y0MX (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Maximum
ransfer t
m

y
0max
Y0MX (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) Maximum
transverse deviation
m

y
CG
YCG (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Lateral
displacement of centre of
gravity (YCG)
Lateral distance from a
of gravity, G
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Y, y
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
y
CG
YCG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Lateral
displacement of centre of
gravity (YCG)
Lateral distance from a
of gravity, G
y
D
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Distance of down
flooding opening from
gunwale
y
D
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Distance of down
flooding opening off
entreline c

y
F

YF (funaamental. coorainate
in relation to the flow
m

y
i
Y(I) (funaamental, statistical)
Samples of random
quantities
i = 1... n
n : sample size

y
p
YP (ships, propulsor geometry)
Lateral propeller position
Transverse distance of wing
propeller centre from middle
ine l

m

y
YPLUS (fluia mechanics, bounaary

layers) Non-dimensional
distance from the wall
y u
/ v 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Z, z
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
Z Z, FZ, (solid body mechanics,
loads) Force in direction of
ody axis z b
Nm
Z NPB (ships, propulsor geometry)
umber of propeller blades N
1
Z ZRA
(ships, hydrostatics,
stability) Intersection of
righting arm with line of
action of the centre of
uoyancy b
Z FZ (ships, manoeuvrability, sea
keeping) Heave force on
body, force along body z-
axis
N
Z (sailing vessels)
Components of resultant
force along designated axis
N
Z ZRA (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Intersection of
righting arm with line of
action of the centre of
buoyancy
Z (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Vertical distance
centre of the underwater
lateral area or approximately
to a point at one half the
draught - IMO/IS
Z (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Vertical distance
waterline
Z
CE
ZCE (sailing vessels) Height of
centre of effort of sails
above waterline in vertical
centre plane
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Z, z
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
Z
H
ZH (ACV and SES) Vertical
tructure s
needs clarification m
z Z (fundamental. coordinate
and space related) Body
in the body, s. Remark .2
m
z Z (fundamental, time and
Complex variable
z ZSURF (environmental mechanics,
wind) Height above the sea
surface in meters
m
z NPB (ships, propulsor geometry)
umber of propeller blades N
1
z Z (ships, unsteady propeller
centre of the propeller. The
with the shaft axis, positive
forward; the trans-verse y-
hird, z-axis, positive upward t
m
m
m
z
0
Z0 (fundamental. coordinate
and space related) Space
in relation to the space, s.
Remark .2
m
z
a
ZAM (fundamental, time and
mplitude A
mod(z) = sqrt(z
r2
+z
i2
)
z
c
ZRE (fundamental, time and
Real or cosine component
z
c
= real(z) = z
a
cos(z
p
)
z
D
amplitude motions
capsizing) Height above
waterline of down flooding
opening
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Z, z
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
z
F
ZF (fundamental. coordinate
and space related) Flow
in relation to the flow, s.
emark .2 R
m
z
i
ZIM (fundamental, time and
Imaginary or sine
component
imag(z) = z
a
sin(z
p
) = z
s
z
j
ZCJ (fundamental, time and
onjugate C
z
r
- iz
i
z
l
ZLG (fundamental, time and
(Phase) Lag
- z
p
z
p
ZPH (fundamental, time and
hase P
arc(z) = arctg(z
i
/ z
r
)
z
p
ZP (ships, propulsor geometry)
ertical propeller position V
Height of propeller centre
bove base line a
m
z
r
ZRE
(fundamental, time and
Real or cosine component
real(z) = z
a
cos(z
p
) = z
c
z
s
ZIM
(fundamental, time and
r sine Imaginary o
omponent c
z
s
= imag(z) = z
a
sin(z
p
)
z
S
ZS (ships, hydrostatics,
stability) Mean static
sinkage
(z
SF
+ z
SA
) / 2 m
z
S
ZS (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Mean static
inkage s
(z
SF
+z
SA
)/2
z
SA
ZSA (ships, hydrostatics,
stability) Static sinkage at
AP
Caused by loading m
z
SA
ZSA (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Static sinkage at
AP
Caused by loading
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Z, z
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
z
SF
ZSF (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Static sinkage at
P F
Caused by loading
z
SF
ZSF (ships, hydrostatics,
stability) Static sinkage at
FP
Caused by loading m
z
VA
ZVA (ships, hull resistance)
Running sinkage at AP
m
z
VF
ZVF (ships, hull resistance)
Running sinkage at FP
m
z
VM
ZVM (ships, hull resistance) Mean
running sinkage
(z
VF
+ z
VA
) / 2 m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

AA (solia boay mechanics, rigia
boay motions) Angular
acceleration
a/at rad/s
2
AT
ALFA
boay motions) Angle oI
attack
The angle oI the longitudinal
body axis Irom the
projection into the principal
plane oI symmetry oI the
velocity oI the origin oI the
body axes relative to the
Iluid, positive in the positive
sense oI rotation about the y-
axis
rad
AA,
ALFA
surfaces) Angle oI attack or
incidence
Angle between the direction
oI undisturbed relative Ilow
and the chord line
rad
GC (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Gas content
Actual amount oI solved and
undissolved gas in a liquid
ppm
WD (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave direction
rad
ALFA
water fets) Angle between
centreline oI jet and
horizontal plane
rad
AAPI (ships, manoeuvrability)
Pitch angle
Angle oI attack in pitch on
the hull
rad
0
AAZL
ALF0
surfaces) Angle oI zero liIt
Angle oI attack or incidence
at zero liIt
rad
B
ALFSL (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Angle oI stagnation
line
Angle between projected
keel and stagnation line a in
plane normal to centre plane
and parallel to reIerence line
rad
BAR
ALFBAR (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Barrel Ilow angle
Angle between barrel axis
and assumed Ilow lines
rad
c
ALFTW (hyarofoil boats) Geometric
angle oI twist
1
D
AD (ships, propulsor geometry)
Duct proIile-shaIt axis angle
Angle between nose-tail line
oI duct proIile and propeller
shaIt
rad
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

E AAEF,
ALFE
(Iluid mechanics, liIting
surIaces) EIIective angle oI
attack
or incidence
The angle oI attack relative
to the chord line including
the eIIect oI induced
velocities
rad
FB ANFB (ships, appendage geometry)
Bow Iin angle
s. Remark .1 rad
FS ANFS (ships, appendage geometry)
Stern Iin angle
s. Remark .1 rad
G AAGE,
ALFG
surIaces) Geometric angle oI
attack or incidence
The angle oI attack relative
to the chord line neglecting
the eIIect oI induced
velocities
rad
H AAHY,
ALFI
surIaces) Hydrodynamic
angle oI attack
In relation to the position at
zero liIt
rad
I AAID,
ALFS
surIaces) Ideal angle oI
attack
For thin airIoil or hydroIoil,
angle oI attack Ior which the
streamlines are tangent to
the mean line at the leading
edge. This condition is
usually reIerred to as
"shock-Iree" entry or
"smooth"
rad
IND ALFIND (hydroIoil boats) Downwash
or induced angle
1
M ALFM (hydroIoil boats) Angle oI
attack oI mean liIt
coeIIicient Ior Ioils with
twist
1
S GS (Iluid mechanics, cavitation)
Gas content oI saturated
liquid
Maximum amount oI gas
solved in a liquid at a given
temperature
ppm
as GR (Iluid mechanics, cavitation)
Gas content ratio
/ S 1
s AFS (hydroIoil boats) Angle oI
attack Ior which Ilow
separation (stall) occurs
1
TO ATO (hydroIoil boats) Incidence
angle at take-oII speed
1

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

DR
BET
boay motions) Angle of drift
or side-slip
The angle to the principal
plane of symmetry from the
velocity vector of the origin
of the body axes relative to
the fluid, positive in the
positive sense of rotation
about the z-axis
rad

BETE (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Equilibrium
parameter

*
/ (
w
ap / ax) 1

BETD (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Dead rise angle of
planing bottom
Angle between a straight
line approximating body
section and the intersection
between basis plane and
section plane
1

APSF (ships, performance)
Appendage scale effect
actor f
Ship appendage resistance
divided by model
ppendage resistance a
1

AADR (ships, manoeuvrability)
Drift angle
Angle of attack in yaw on
the hull
rad

BETB (ships, propulsor
performance) Advance
angle of a propeller blade
ection s
arctg (J
A
/ R ) rad

1
BET1 (ships, propulsor
performance)
Hydrodynamic flow angle
of a propeller blade section
Flow angle taking into
account induced velocity
rad

C
DRCI (ships, manoeuvrability,
turning circles) Drift angle
at steady turning
rad

aw
BETWA (environmental mechanics,
wina) Apparent wind
angle (relative to vessel
course)
see section 2.6 rad

aw
BETWA (sailing vessels) apparent
wind angle (relative to boat
course)
rad
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

D
BD (ships, propulsor geometry)
Diffuser angle of duct
Angle between inner duct
tail line and propeller shaft
rad

L
BETAL (sailing vessels) leeway
angle
rad

M
BETM (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Dead rise angle at
idship section m
1

T
BETT (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Dead rise angle at
transom
1

tw
BETWT (environmental mechanics,
wina) True wind angle
(relative to vessel course)
see section 2.6 rad

tw
BETWT (sailing vessels) true wind
angle (relative to boat
course)
rad

WR
ANWIRL (ships, manoeuvrability)
Angle of attack of relative
ind w
rad

*
BETS (ships, propulsor
performance) Effective
advance angle
arctg (J
A
/ (0.7 R )) rad
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

CC (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Circulation
J as
along a closed line
m
2
/s

n
CN (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Normalized circulation
/ ( D J)
is frequently omitted
1

RO
GAMR
boay motions) Projected
angle of roll or heel
The angular displacement
about the x
o
axis of the
principal plane of symmetry
from the vertical, positive in
the positive sense of rotation
bout the x
o
axis a

rad

ANSW (fluia mechanics, lifting
urfaces) Sweep angle s
rad

VD (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
ortex density V
Strength per length or per
rea of vortex distribution a
m/s

MR (ships, basic quantities)
Relative mass or weight,
sometimes called specific
gravity
Mass density of a substance
divided by mass density of
distilled water at 4C
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

DISPF Displacement force
(buoyancy)

g V
N

DISPF (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Displacement
(buoyant) force

g V
N
A DISPF (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Displacement
(buoyant) force
g V

AP
DISPFAP (ships, hull geometry)
Displacement force
buoyancy) of appendages (

g V
AP

N

BH
DISPFBH (ships, hull geometry)
Displacement force
(buoyancy) of bare hull

g V
BH

N

C
F
DELCF (ships, hull resistance)
Roughness allowance
(obsolete, see C
A
) 1

C
DFCAN (sailing vessels)
Displacement force (weight)
of canoe body
N

K
DFK (sailing vessels)
Displacement force (weight)
of keel
N
M DMF (ships, water fets) Change
omentum flux of m
N

m
DISPM (ships, hull geometry)
Displacement mass

V
kg

m
DISPM (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Displacement mass

V
kg
A
m
DISPM (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
mass
V

R
DFR (sailing vessels)
Displacement force
(weight) of rudder
N

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

U UDEF (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Velocity defect in
oundary layer b
(U
e
- U) / u

1

w DELW (ships, performance) Ship-
ake fraction w

w
T,M
- w
T,S
1

w
C
DELWC (ships, performance) Ship-
model correlation factor
with respect to w
T,S
method
formula of ITTC 1978
ethod m
1

DELTT (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Thickness ratio of
section (general)

t / C 1

ADCT (ships, propulsor
advance coefficient
n D / J
A

with n in revs/min,
D in feet, V
A
in knots
(obsolete)
1

D (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Finite increment
in...
Prefix to other symbol
o (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Tank block
coefficient

0
ANRU0 (ships, manoeuvrability)
Neutral rudder angle
rad

1
DELS (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Displacement
thickness of boundary layer

)(U
e
- U) / U
e
ay m

995
DEL (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Thickness of a
boundary layer at
=0.995U
e
U

m

B
c
DBCV (ACJ ana SES) Increase in
cushion beam due to water
contact
m

B
ANFB (ships, manoeuvrability)
Bow fin angle
rad
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

B
DELTB (fluia mechanics, lifting
trailing edge of struts

t
B
/ C
S
1

C
HC (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Cavity height or thickness
Maximum height of a fully-
developed cavity, normal to
the surface and the stream-
wise direction of the cavity
m

if
DEL(I,J) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Delta
perator o
+1 : if = 11, 22, 33
0 : if otherwise

I
ELIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Deflection of ice sheet
Vertical elevation of ice
surface
m

eff
ANRUEF (ships, manoeuvrability)
Effective rudder inflow
angle
rad

F
DELTF (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Camber ratio of
mean line (general)

f / C 1

F
DELFS (ships, appenaage geometry)
Flap angle (general)
Angle between the planing
surface of a flap and the
bottom before the leading
dge e
rad

FRin
ANFRIN (ships, appenaage geometry)
Assembly angle of flanking
udders r
Initial angle set up during
the assembly as zero angle
f flanking rudders o

rad

FL
DLTFL (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Angle of flap
eflection d
1

FR
ANFR (ships, appenaage geometry)
lanking rudder angle F
rad

f
ANFL (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Flap deflection
angle
rad

L
DELTL (fluia mechanics, lifting
lower side of foil

f
L
/ C 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

max
ANRUMX (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) Maximum value
of rudder angle
rad

R
ANRU (ships, appenaage geometry)
udder angle R
rad

R
ANRU (ships, manoeuvrability)
udder angle R
rad

R0
ANRUOR (ships, manoeuvrability)
udder angle, ordered R
rad

RF
ANRF (ships, appenaage geometry)
Rudder-flap angle
rad

S
DELTS (fluia mechanics, lifting
trut s

t
S
/ C
S
1

S
ANFS (ships, manoeuvrability)
tern fin angle S
rad

STH
DELTT (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Theoretical
hickness ratio of section t

t
S
/ C
STH
1

s
ANSL (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Slat deflection
angle
rad

t
KL
DTR (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Change in static
trim
m
ot
KL
DTR (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Change in static
trim

U
DELTU (fluia mechanics, lifting
upper side

f
u
/ C 1

o
u
DP(U) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Generalized
vibratory displacement
u = 1,.., 6
u = 1, 2, 3: linear
u = 4, 5, 6: angular
m
m
rad
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

W
DELWG (ships, appenaage geometry)
Wedge angle
Angle between the planing
surface of a wedge and the
bottom before the leading
dge e
rad

DLAM (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Dimensionless
ncrease in total friction area i
Effective increase in friction
area length-beam ratio due
o spray contribution to drag t

1

*
DELS (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Displacement
hickness of boundary layer t
)(U
e
- U) / U
e
ay m

**
ENTH (fluia mechanics, bounaary
ayers) Energy thickness l

)(U / Ue) (1 - U
2
/ U
e
2
)ay m

o
u

DPVL(U) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Generalized
ibratory velocity v
u = 1,.., 6
u = 1, 2, 3: linear
m/s
m/s
rad/s

o

u

DPAC(U) (ships, unsteaay propeller
forces) Generalized
vibratory acceleration
u = 1,.., 6
u = 1, 2, 3: linear
m/s
2
m/s
2
rad/s
2
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 V
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

V
DISPVOL (ships, hull geometry)
Displacement volume

/ ( g) V
BH
V
AP
m
3

V
DISPVOL (ships, hyarostatics,
volume

/ (g) m
3
V DISPVOL (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
volume
A / (g)

V
AP

DISPVAP (ships, hull geometry)
Displacement volume of
ppendages a

AP
/ ( g) m
3

V
BH

DISPVBH (ships, hull geometry)
Displacement volume of
bare hull

BH
/ ( g) m
3

V
C

DVCAN (sailing vessels) Displaced
volume of canoe body
m
3

V
F

DISVF (hyarofoil boats) Foil
displacement volume
m
3

V
fw

DISVOLFW (ships, hyarostatics,
olume of flooded water v

fw
/ (g) m
3

V
K

DVK (sailing vessels) Displaced
volume of keel
m
3

V
R

DVR (sailing vessels) Displaced
volume of rudder
m
3
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

EPSLD (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Lift-Drag ratio

L/D
1

EPSG (ships, hull resistance)
Resistance-displacement
atio in general r
R / 1

PSIBP (ships, propulsor geometry)
Propeller axis angle
measured to body fixed
coordinates
Angle between reference
line and propeller shaft axis
rad

F
EPSLDF (hyarofoil boats) Lift/ Drag
atio of foil r

L / D 1

ifk
EPS(I,J,K) (funaamental. coorainate
ana space relatea) Epsilon
perator o
+1 : ifk = 123, 231, 312
- 1 : ifk = 321, 213, 132
0 : if otherwise

I
STIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Ice strain
Elongation per unit length 1

R
EPSR (ships, hull resistance)
Residuary resistance-
displacement ratio

R
R
/ 1

SH
EPSSH (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Shaft angle
Angle between shaft line and
reference line (positive, shaft
nclined downwards) i
WL
EPSWL (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted length factor
L
M
/ L
WL
1
WS
EPSWS (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Wetted surface area
factor
S / S
0
1

WS
EPSWS (ACJ ana SES) Wetted
urface factor s
S
SHC
/ S
SH0
1

c I
STRTIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Ice strain rate

c / c 1/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

stochastic) Outcome of a
random "experiment"

Outcome of a random
"experiment"

DW (environmental mechanics,
waves) Instantaneous wave
depression
z-axis positive vertical
down, zero at mean water
level
m
13
ZETA13 (ships, water fets) Inlet and
diffuser loss coefficient
Station 1-3, based on E0
1
57
ZETA57 (ships, water fets) Duct and
nozzle loss coefficient
tation 5-7, based on E7 S
1

C
ZETAC (ACJ ana SES) Height of
cushion generated wave
above mean water plane at
leading edge side of the skirt
m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

EW (environmental mechanics,
waves) Instantaneous wave
elevation at a given
location
z-axis positive vertical up,
zero at mean water level;
s. Remark .3
m

EF, ETA (ships, basic quantities)
fficiency E
Ratio of powers,
see Remark .3

EW (ships, hull resistance) Wave
levation E
see 3.4.1 m

0
ETAO,
EFTPO
(ships, propulsor
efficiency in open water
P
T
/ P
D
T J
A
/ (Q ) all
quantities measured in open
water tests
1

AP
ETAAP (ships, performance)
Appendage efficiency

P
EwoApp
/ P
EwApp
, R
TBH
/ R
T
1

a
i
EWAM(I) (environmental mechanics,
waves) Amplitudes of
harmonic components of a
eriodic wave p

FSa
m

B
ETAB,
EFTP
Propeller efficiency behind
hip s

P
T
/ P
D
T J
A
/ (Q ) 1

C
EC (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave crest elevation
m

C
EC (environmental mechanics,
waves) Maximum of
elevations of wave crests in
a record
m

D
ETAD,
EFRP
Propulsive efficiency or
uasi-propulsive coefficient q

P
E
/ P
D
P
R
/ P
P
1

G
ETAG,
EFGP
Gearing efficiency 1

H
ETAH,
EFRT
(ships, performance) Hull
fficiency e
P
E
/ P
T
P
R
/ P
T

= (1 - t) / (1 - w)
1

I
EFID (ships, propulsor
performance) Ideal propeller
efficiency
Efficiency in non-viscous
fluid
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

ID
EFDIC (ice going vessels)
Propulsive efficiency in ice
R
IT
J / (2 n
IA
Q
IA
) 1

ICE
ERIC (ice going vessels) Relative
propulsive efficiency in ice

ID
/
D
1
inst
ETAIN (ships, water fets) Pump
llation efficiency insta
1

JP
EFJP (ships, propulsor
pump or hydraulic efficiency
P
J
/ P
D
P
J
/ P
P
1

JP0
ZETO,
EFJPO
(ships, propulsor
pump efficiency at zero
advance speed,
alias static thrust coefficient
T / ( / 2)
1/3
/ (P
D
D)
2/3
1

M
ETAM,
EFSI
Mechanical efficiency
P
S
/ P
I
or P
B
/ P
I
1

O
ETAO (ships, performance)
Propeller open water
efficiency
1
P
ETAP (ships, water fets) Pump
efficiency
1

p
i
,
i
EWPH(I) (environmental mechanics,
waves) Phases of harmonic
components of a periodic
wave
FSp
rad

R
ETAR,
EFRO
Relative rotative efficiency

B
/
O
1

S
ETAS,
EFPS
hafting efficiency S

P
D
/ P
S
P
P
/ P
S
1

T
ET (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave trough
depression
Negative values! m

T
ET (environmental mechanics,
waves) Elevations of wave
roughs in a record t
Negative values! m

TJ
EFTJ (ships, propulsor
performance) Propeller jet
efficiency
2 / (1 + (1 + C
Th
)
1/2
) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

TPO
ETAO,
EFTPO
(ships, propulsor
efficiency in open water
P
T
/ P
D
T J
A
/ (Q ) all
quantities measured in open
water tests
1
WJ
ETAWJ (ships, water fets) Effective
jet system efficiency
1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

THETA (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Momentum thickness

)(U / U
e
) (1 - U / U
e
)ay m

X(5), TR,
TETP
boay motions) Angle of
pitch or trim
Positive in the positive sense
of rotation about the y-axis
rad

CWD (environmental mechanics,
waves) Component wave
irection d
rad

PI (ships, manoeuvrability)
Pitch angle

rad

RAKA (ships, propulsor geometry)
Angle of rake
rad
u
HEELANG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing)
Heel angle

0
TRIMS (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Static trim angle
Angle between ship design
waterline and actual water
line at rest (positive bow up)
an
-1
((:
SF
- :
SA
) / L) t
rad

B
TETB (ACJ ana SES) Bag contact
deformation angle
1
u
c
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Capsizing angle
under the action of a gust of
wind IMO/IS

D
TRIMV (ships, hull resistance)
Running (dynamic) trim
angle
tan
-1
((:
JF
- :
JA
) / L) 1

D
TRIMV (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Running (dynamic)
trim angle
Angle between actual water
line at rest and running water
line (positive bow up)
tan
-1
((:
JF
- :
JA
) / L)
rad

DH
DIHED (hyarofoil boats) Dihedral
angle
1

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
DWL
TRIMDWL (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Running trim angle
ased on design waterline b
Angle between design
waterline and running
aterline (positive bow up) w
rad

EXT
TEMX (ships, propulsor geometry)
Skew angle extent
The difference between
maximum and minimum
local skew angle
rad

F
TETF (ACJ ana SES) Finger outer
face angle
1
u
f

HEELANGF (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heel angle at
flooding

m
MWD
THETAMOX
waves) Mean or dominant
wave direction
rad
u
m
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heel angle
corresponding to the
maximum of the statical
tability curve s

S
TRIMS (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Static trim angle
tan
-1
((:
SF
- :
SA
) / L) rad

S
TRIMS (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Static trim angle
Angle between ship design
waterline and actual water
line at rest (positive bow up)
tan
-1
((:
SF
- :
SA
) / L)
rad
u
S

TRIMS (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Static trim angle
tan
-1
((:
SF
-:
SA
)/L)

s
TETS (ships, propulsor geometry)
Skew angle
The angular displacement
about the shaft axis of the
reference point of any blade
section relative to the
generator line measured in
the plane of rotation. It is
positive when opposite to
the direction of ahead
otation r
rad

J
TRIMV (ships, hull resistance)
Running (dynamic) trim
angle
tan
-1
((:
JF
- :
JA
) / L) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

J
TRIMV (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Running (dynamic)
trim angle
Angle between actual water
line at rest and running water
line (positive bow up)
tan
-1
((:
JF
- :
JA
) / L)
rad
u
J
HEELANGV (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heel angle for
vanishing stability

W
TETW (ACJ ana SES) Slope of
mean water plane for surface
level beneath cushion
eriphery p
1

W
TETWI (environmental mechanics,
wina) Wind direction
rad

*
ENTH (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Energy thickness

)(U / Ue) (1 - U
2
/ U
e
2
)ay m
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

K

K

(fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) von Karman constant

0.41

1

CK

(fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Kinematic
apillarity c

/

m
3
/s
2

WN (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave number

2 / L
W

2
/g

1/m

KS

KS

(ships, propulsor
performance) Roughness
height oI propeller blade
surIace

m

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

AS (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Aspect ratio

b
2
/ A 1

PRGR (fluia mechanics, bounaary
layers) Pressure gradient
arameter p

995
/ (v aU
e
/ ax) 1

FR
ASRF (ships, appenaage geometry)
lanking rudder aspect ratio F
1

R
ASRU (ships, appenaage geometry)
Rudder aspect ratio

S
2
/ A
RT
1

TA (fluia mechanics, lifting
surfaces) Taper ratio

c
t
/ c
r
1

SC (ships, basic quantities)
Scale ratio
Ship dimension divided by
corresponding model
imension d

1

SC (ships, hull geometry) Linear
cale of ship model s
L
S
/ L
M
B
S
/ B
M

T
S
/ T
M

1

a
LD (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave length by zero
down-crossing
m

FR
TAFR (ships, appenaage geometry)
lanking rudder taper F

1

R
TARU (ships, appenaage geometry)
udder taper R

c
t
/ c
r
1

u
LU (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave length by zero
up-crossing
m

W
LW (environmental mechanics,
waves) Wave length
Measured in the direction of
wave propagation
m

W
LAMS (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Mean wetted length-
beam ratio

L
M
/ (B
LCG
) 1
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
VI (fluid mechanics, flow
parameter) Viscosity
kg/ms
CWD (environmental mechanics,
waves) Component wave
irection d
rad
PMVO (ships, hydrostatics,
stability) Volumetric
permeability
The ratio of the volume of
flooding water in a
compartment to the total
volume of the compartment
1
encounter angle
Angle between ship positive
x axis and positive direction
of waves (long crested) or
dominant wave direction
(short crested)
rad
I
POIIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Poisson's ratio of ice
1
x
XMR (fundamental, statistical)
mean of a random quantity
E(x)
PMVO (*sea keeping, large
amplitude motions
capsizing) Volumetric
permeability
The ratio of the volume of
flooding water in a
compartment to the total
volume of the compartment
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

v VK (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Kinematic
viscosity
/ m
2
/s
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

DN, RHO (fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Density
kg/m
3

DN, RHO (ships, basic quantities)
Mass density
am / aJ kg/m
3
RHO (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) (Liquid) density
RHO (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
apsi:ing) (Air) density c

I
DNIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Mass density of ice
Mass of ice per unit volume kg/m
3

SN
DNSN (environmental mechanics,
ice) Mass density of snow
Mass of snow per unit
olume v
kg/m
3

W
DNWA (environmental mechanics,
ice) Mass density of water
kg/m
3

DNWI (environmental mechanics,

ice) Density difference

W
-
I
kg/m
3
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

CA

(fluia mechanics, flow
parameter) Capillarity

SurIace tension per unit
length

kg/s
2

CNPC

(fluia mechanics, cavitation)
Cavitation number

(p
A
- p
C
) / q

1

SN, SIGS

Normal stress

Pa

FC

waves) Circular wave
Irequency

2 f
W
2 / T
W

rad/s

CI

SCIC

ice) Compressive strength oI
ce i

Pa

FI

SFIC (environmental mechanics,
ce) Flexural strength oI ice i

Pa

TI

SNIC (environmental mechanics,
ce) Tensile strength oI ice i

Pa

J

CNPV (fluia mechanics, cavitation)
apour cavitation number V

(p
A
- p
J
) / q

1
x

XDR (funaamental, statistical)
random quantity

x
JR /

DIRSF

SIGMAOX

waves) Directional spreading
Iunction

S(f,)S(f)D
X
(f,) where
2
)D
X
(f,)a1
0

rad

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

TICV (funaamental, statistical,
stochastic) Covariance or
orrelation time c

SI
STIC (environmental mechanics,
ice) Shear strength of ice
Pa

ST, TAU (ships, basic quantities)
angential stress T
Pa

b
Blade thickness ratio
t
0
/ D 1

DWL
TAUDWL (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Reference line angle
Angle between the reference
line and the design waterline
1

R

TAUR (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Angle of attack
elative to the reference line r
Angle between the reference
line and the running
aterline w
1

W
LSF, TAUW (ships, hull resistance) Local
kin friction s
N/ m
2

w
TAUW (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Wall shear stress
(cU / cy)
y0
Pa
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
| HEELANG (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heel angle
|
0
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heel angle during
offset load tests
|
0(REQ)
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Maximum
permitted heel angle during
|
D
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Actual down
flooding angle according to
|
D(REQ)
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Required down
flooding angle, see
|
DC
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Down flooding
angle to non-quick draining
cockpits
|
DH
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Down flooding
angle to any main access
hatchway
|
F
HEELANGF (*sea keeping, large
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heel angle at
flooding
|
GZMAX
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Angle of heel at
which maximum righting
moment occurs
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
|
R
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Assumed roll
angle in a seaway

|
W
amplituae motions
capsi:ing) Heel angle due to
alculation wind speed c

X(4), RO,
PHIR
boay motions) Angle of roll,
heel or list
of rotation about the x-axis
rad

PHIP (ships, propulsor geometry)
Pitch angle of screw
ropeller p
arctg (P / (2 R)) 1

PO (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
otential function P
m
2
/s

HEELANG (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Heel angle
rad

RO (ships, manoeuvrability)
Roll angle
rad

F
HEELANGF (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Heel angle at
looding f
rad

F
PHIF (ships, propulsor geometry)
Pitch angle of screw
propeller measured to the
face line
1

SP
PHISP (planing, semi-aisplacement
vessels) Spray angle
Angle between stagnation
line and keel (measured in
lane of bottom) p
1

JS
HEELANGV (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Heel angle for
vanishing stability
rad
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

X(6), YA,
PSIY
boay motions) Angle of yaw,
eading or course h
of rotation about the z-axis
rad

YA (ships, manoeuvrability)
aw or course angle Y

rad

SF (fluia mechanics, flow fielas)
Stream function
= const
is the equation of a stream
urface s

m
3
/s

0
YAOR (ships, manoeuvrability)
riginal course O
rad

01
PSI01 (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) First overshoot
angle
rad

02
PSI02 (ships, manoeuvrability, Zig-
:ag man..) Second overshoot
ngle a
rad

aP
PSIAP (ships, propulsor geometry)
measured to space fixed
coordinates
Angle between horizontal
plane and propeller shaft
axis
rad

bP
PSIBP (ships, propulsor geometry)
measured to body fixed
oordinates c
Angle between reference
line and propeller shaft axis
rad

C
COCU (ships, manoeuvrability)
ourse of current velocity C
rad

S
PSIS (ships, manoeuvrability, :ig-
:ag man..) Switching value
of course angle
rad

WA
COWIAB (ships, manoeuvrability)
bsolute wind direction A
rad

WR
COWIRL (ships, manoeuvrability)
Relative wind direction
rad
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 ,

ITTC
Symbol

Computer
Symbol

Name

DeIinition or
Explanation

SI-
Unit

FC, OMF

Circular Irequency

2 f

1/s

V0, OMN

otational velocity R

2 n

rad/s

V0P (ships, propulsor
otational velocity r

2 n

1/s

W

FC (environmental mechanics,
waves) Circular wave
requency I

2 f
W
2 / T
W

rad/s

x

P, OMX,
V0(1), V(4)


rad/s

y

Q, OMY,
V0(2), V(5)

elocity around body axis y v

rad/s

:
R, OMZ,
V0(3), V(6)

velocity around body axis z

rad/s

ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Identifiers (Subscripts)
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

0

tability) Initial s

A (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) attained

a

stability) apparent

AB (ships, hull geometry)
After body

AP (ships, hull geometry)
After perpendicular

APP (ships, hull geometry)
Appendages

att

stability) attained

BH (ships, hull geometry)
Bare hull

BK (ships, appenaage geometry)
Bilge keel

BS (ships, appenaage geometry)
Bossing

D (ships, propulsor geometry)
uct D

d (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) dynamic
DW (ships, hull geometry)
Design waterline

dyn

tability) dynamic s

e (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) effective

eff

stability) effective

EN (ships, hull geometry)

Entry

f (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) false
ITTC Symbols
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

FB (ships, hull geometry)
Fore body

FB (ships, appenaage geometry)
Bow foil

FP (ships, hull geometry)
Fore perpendicular

FR (ships, appenaage geometry)
Flanking rudder

FS (ships, hull geometry)
Frame spacing

FS (ships, appenaage geometry)
Stern foil

FW (ships, hull resistance) Fresh
water

HE (ships, hull geometry)
Hull

KL (ships, appenaage geometry)
Keel

KL
stability) keel line

L
tability) longitudinal s

LR (ships, hull geometry)
Reference Line

LP (ships, hull geometry)
Based on L
PP

LW (ships, hull geometry)
Based on L
WL

M
(General) Model

MAX
stability) maximum

MF (ships, hull resistance)
Faired model data

MR (ships, hull resistance) Raw
model data

MS (ships, hull geometry)
Midship
ITTC Symbols
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

MTL

stability) longitudinal
trimming moment

OW
(ships, hull resistance) Open
water

P

propeller shaft axis

PB (ships, hull geometry)
Parallel body

R (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) required (to be
larified) c

req (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) required (to be
larified) c

RF (ships, appenaage geometry)
udder flap R

RU (ships, hull geometry)
Run

RU (ships, appenaage geometry)
udder R

S

(

General) Ship

S (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Sinkage, squat

s

tability) Static s

sqt (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Sinkage, squat

SA (ships, appenaage geometry)
Stabilizer

SF (ships, hull resistance)
aired full scale data F

SH (ships, appenaage geometry)
hafting S

SK (ships, appenaage geometry)
Skeg
ITTC Symbols
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit

SR (ships, hull resistance) Raw
full scale data

SS (ships, hull geometry)
Station spacing

ST (ships, appenaage geometry)
trut S

SW (ships, hull resistance) Salt
ater w

T (ships, hyarostatics,
tability) transverse s

TC (ships, hyarostatics,
tability) Trim in cm s

TM (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) Trim in m

TH (ships, appenaage geometry)
hruster T

V (ships, hyarostatics,
stability) vertical

WG (ships, appenaage geometry)
Wedge

WP (ships, hull geometry)
Water plane

WS (ships, hull geometry)
W

etted surface

stability) at heel angle

stability) at trim angle
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Operators (Superscripts)
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
A MS (fundamental, statistical,
mean
CR CR (fundamental, statistical,
ovariance c
CR CR (fundamental, statistical,
covariance
CS CS (fundamental, statistical,
stochastic) Sample
covariance
D DR (fundamental, statistical,
eviation d
DR DR (fundamental, statistical,
deviation
DS DS (fundamental, statistical,
stochastic) Sample deviation
E, M, MR MR (fundamental, statistical,
opulation mean p
M
MR
(fundamental, statistical,
population mean
MR
MR
opulation mean p
MS MS (fundamental, statistical,
mean
PD PD (fundamental, statistical,
density
PF PF (fundamental, statistical,
function
ITTC Symbols
Version 2002 Operators (Superscripts)
ITTC
Symbol
Computer
Symbol
Name Definition or
Explanation
SI-
Unit
S SR (fundamental, statistical,
stochastic) (Power)
Spectrum
SS SS
stochastic) Sample spectrum
R RR
orrelation c
RR RR (fundamental, statistical,
correlation
RS RS
stochastic) Sample
correlation
V VR
ariance v
VR VR (fundamental, statistical,
variance
VS VS
stochastic) Sample variance

ITTC Symbols

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ITTC Symbols

() (ships, sea keeping)

CDL (planing, semi-aisplacement

CLOAD (ACJ ana SES) Cushion

(ships, sea keeping) Natural

(ships, sea keeping) Natural

HWDS (environmental mechanics,

ND (ships, manoeuvrability, sea

RTHETA (fluia mechanics, bounaary

RPI (planing, semi-aisplacement

TNPI (ships, sea keeping) Natural

TNRO (ships, sea keeping) Natural

UFS (fluia mechanics, bounaary

UTAU (fluia mechanics, bounaary

UPLUS (fluia mechanics, bounaary

YD (ships, manoeuvrability, sea

() (ships, sea keeping)

YPLUS (fluia mechanics, bounaary

DNWI (environmental mechanics,

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