CARE OF CLIENTS WITH PROBLEMS IN VISUAL AND AUDITORY PERCEPTION

EYE ANATOMY OF THE EYE ORBIT - lined with the muscle, connective and adipose tissues. - it is about 4 cm high, wide and deep and it shaped is like a four-sided pyramid. EYEBALL - moved through all fields of gaze by the extraocular muscles. EYELIDS - composed of thin elastic skin that covers striated and Smooth muscles. - it protects the anterior portion of the eye. TEAR -are vital to the eye health - they are formed by lacrimal gland. CONJUNCTIVA - a mucous membrane, provides a barrier to the external environment SCLERA - commonly known as the white of the eye. - it protects the intraocular contents from trauma CORNEA - a transparent, avascular, domelike structure, forms the most anterior portion of the eyeball. ASSESSMENT

1. OCULAR HISTORY - it will elicits necessary information that can assist I diagnosis of an opthalmic condition. GUIDE QUESTIONS 1.What does the patients perceive to be the problem? 2. Is visual acuity diminished? 3. Is there pain, is ii sharp or dull? Is it worse when blinking? 4. Is there a history of discharge? If so, inquire about color, consistency, odor 5. Is there history of opthalmic surgery? 2. VISUAL ACUITY - it is an essential part of the eye examination and a measure against with all therapeutic outcomes are based. a. Snellen chart It is used to test distance vision.

20/20 - is considered standard of normal vision. 3. EXTERNAL EYE EXAMINATION - it is to checked the position of the eyelids - commonly the upper 2 mm of the iris is covered by the upper lid which sometimes may have ptosis. - the lid margins should have no edema, erythema or lesions. - then scaling and crusting is inspected in the sclera - the normal sclera is opaque and white. - then lesions, , discharges, tearing, on conjunctiva is noted. PTOSIS PUPILLARY EXAMINATION How is it done? the pupillary response is checked with penlight to determine if pupils is equally reactive and regular.

- the normal pupil is black 2. Patient eyes is observed in primary or direct gaze - the head is tilted ( may indicate cranial nerve palsy) How is it being done? - patient is asked to stare at a target, each eye is covered and uncovered quickly -then examiner observed for nystagmus. 3. Extraocular movements of the eyes How is it being done? - patient follow the examiner1s finger, or pencil through the six cardinal directions - very important to check for ocular trauma or neurologic disorder NYSTAGMUS DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Non- invasive 1.Visual Acuity 2. Visual field testing 3. Direct Opthalmoscopy 4. Slit lamp examination 5. Audiometry 3. DIRECT OPTHALMOSCOPY - it is a hand-held instrument with various plus and minus lenses. The lenses can be rotated into place, enabling the examiner to bring the cornea, lens and retina into focus. - it is a procedure using the opthalmoscope. INDIRECT OPTHALMOSCOPE - it is an instrument commonly used by the ophtalmologist to see the larger area of the retina. It produces a bright and intense light. Slit lap examination It is a binocular microscope mounted on a table.

It enables the user to examine the eye with magnification of 10-40 times real image. Slit lap examination