Disease AIDS

Causative agent

Incuba tion period 5-10 years

Communica ble days Entire course of illness

Mode of Transmission needles, mother to fetus, blood, unprotected sex *Found in: blood, saliva, semen, va inal dischar e, breastmil!, tears direct0 indirect contact 6hru soil contaminated by human feces containin hoo!/orm ova s!in infection: contact /ith tissue %un infection : airborne ;"6:in estion

Diagnostic

Pathognomonic sign Fati ue, anorexia, dyspnea

Treatment

Precaution

Type of Immunity after the dse )o immunity to &"*$

Vector name/carrier "nfected Humans

Human immunodeficienc y virus

H"# antibody test $creenin : E%"$& 'onfirmator y : (estern blot $tool exam $erolo ic exam $tool exam

$ymptomatic

Blood/body fluids

Amoebiasis +amoebic dysentery,

Entamoeba hystolitica

--. /ee!s

Entire duration of illness Entire duration of illness )o evidence of direct spread from person to person9 &rticles and soil contaminate d /ith spores may remain infective for years = months after infection up until about 1

*iarrhea /ith alternatin constipation, eructations, fever, anorexia #oracious appetite7 8ot belly Hemorrha ic 1ediastinitis

1etronida2ole 3fla yl4 'hloro5uine 'ombantrine0 antiox

isolation

$hort-lived immunity

$tools containin the or anism round/orms

An ylostomiasis !"oo #orm disease$

&ncylostoma duodenale

1-days

enteric

&rtificial active

Anthra% 3mali nant edemia0mali nant pustule0 moulster dse90 ra pic!er dse94

:acillus anthracis

Fe/ hours1 day

&nthrax blood tests $!in tests <espiratory secretion tests $erolo ic and *)& tests

)one

<espiratory (ound and $!in precaution Enteric

)atural active0 prolon ed immunity

"nfected animals and products 'ontaminated soil

Ascariasis &scaris lumbricoides &bout 10 days

6hru soil contamina-ted by human feces and contamina-ted food and /ater

$tool exam

#oracious appetite7 8ot belly

'ombantrine0 antiox

enteric

&rtificial passive

/orms

year

&acterial Meningitis )eisseria menin itidis --> days

?ntil menin ococ ci are not present in the mouth and nasal dischar es

*roplet

%umbar puncture

)uchal ri idity @erni As si n :rud2ins!iA s si n Bpisthotoni c position Foul fishy odor

8enicillin

respiratory

)one

Endo enous or anisms

&acterial vaginitis ;ardanella va inalis Candidiasis 'andida albicans *'aused by ti ht clothin and humid /eather =-5 days ?ntil 'andida albicans is present *irect0sexual contact (et mount: $crapin s obtained from s!in, nails, oral or va inal mucosa *irect exam of cells7 en2yme lin!ed 6ourni5uet test 3D4 ':' hema lutin ation test (omen: thic!, curdy, cheeseli!e dischar e /ith offensive odor 8ainful coitus *1en: urethritis, dysuria *(omen: thic! va inal dischar e /0 acrid color %ate afternoon fever )ystatin 3mycostatin4 'ontact )one )ormal flora of the di estive and uro enital tracts of humans --10 days ?ntil the causative a ent is still present *irect contact #a inal pH C .95 1etronida2ole 'ontact none (omen

Chlamydia 'hlamydia trichomatis 1-1= days ?ntil the disease is still present

1ucous membrane7 $exual contact

ttt /0 *oxycycline0 6etracycline

'ontact

)one

"nfected mother 1E)

Dengue "emorrhagic 'ever

*HF 1 *HF = *HF *HF .

.-> days

)ot !no/n but the patient cans pass it throu h mos5uito and blood /hile still febrile

bite of infected Aedes aegypti mos5uito

$ymptomatic

'ontact

)one: patient may develop antibodies but may be infected by stron er strain

Aedes aegypti

Diphtheria 'orynebacterium diptherine =-5 days 1-= days in tttd pts9 =-. /!s in untttd pts )ot !no/n but presumed till 3D4 stool culture 1- /ee!s or until stool culture is 3-4

*irect contact of mouth secretions, "ndirect contact thru contaminated articles Fecal-oral thru contaminated food and /ater 6hru anal-oral transmission of e s0 indirect transmission from contaminated clothin 0beddin s 0food mos5uito bite

$chic!As 6est 1oloneyAs 6est 'ulture of stool0vomitu s $tool exam

8haryn eal lymphadenitis

8enicillin Erythromycin

'utaneous: contact 8haryn eal: strict

&rtificial &ctive

'ontaminated mouth secretions and articles such as toys food and /ater /hich is contaminate /ith #ibrio 'holerae 8in/orm, 6hread/orm or $eat/orm

(l Tor !Cholera$ #ibrio cholerae 1-days .-> /ee!s

<ice /atery stools (asher /omanAs hands )octurnal anal itchiness

6etracycline 8enicillin 8%< 'ombantrine0 antiox

&rtificial active enteric 6here is no immunity for enterobius vermicularis

(nterobiasis Enterobius vermicularis

enteric

'ilariasis !elephantiasis$

(uchecheria bancrofti

E-1> months

"nfectious to the vector mos5uitoes for as lon as microfilariae remain circulatin in the peripheral blood, may be up to 5 years =-F /ee!s

)octurnal blood examination &ssessment of symptoms

%ymphadenitis

Hetro2amor *iethylcarbama 2ine citrate 3*E'4

enteric

&ctive

Aedes paecillus

)enital herpes Human herpes virus )onorrhea +clap, drip, =-1. days

1ucous membrane0 s!in7 con enital 1ucous membrane0 s!in7 con enital

*irect exam of cells7 H$# antibodies 'ulture and sensitivity from cervix or urethra

8ainful vesicular enital lesions 1en: urethral dischar e (omen: va inal dischar e

)o cure but can ive acyclovir0 valacyclovir 3valtrex4 8enicillin

"nfected human contact &ctive

)eisseria onorrhea

=-10 days post coitus

Ends /ithin hours if /ith effective treatment

'ontact

6here is no immunity to ;onorrhea

"nfected Human

Influen*a "nfluen2a virus &,:,' "erpes +oster !Shingles$ 1-days 6ill 5th day of illness

*irect contact thru airborne route - *irect thru droplet infection -"ndirect thru infected articles $exual intercourse, percutaneous, perinatal Se$ual intercourse% needles

<espiratory Bropharyn eal s/ab culture #esicular smear $nee2in , fever &mantidine H'l 3$ymmetrel4

&ctive

"nfected Human

&ctive :urnin , itchy pain <amsay-Hunt syndrome Fati ue, anorexia, dyspnea &urplish lesions on skin and mucus membranes $ymptomatic tx strict

#aricella Goster virus

1-= /!s

?ntil the last crust has fallen off Entire duration of the condition #ntire duration of the condition

"nfected Human

"uman immunodeficiency virus !"IV$ ,aposi-s sarcoma

<etrovirus Cause is unknown but occurs primarily in individuals with compromised immune system (AIDS) 1ycobacterium leprae

5-10 years !" years

E%"$& (estern blot

&ntiretroviral dru s Chemotherapy (I'% Intraarterial% Intralesion)

'ontact

There is no immunity to HIV. (here is no immunity to )aposi*s Sarcoma

isolation and use fluid precautions9 "nfected human

biopsy

Blood/body fluids

.eprosy +HansenAs disease,

1-5 years

&s lon as there are open lesions

*roplet infection

$mears7 %epromie s!in test7 1itsuda reaction :lood, '$F, urine culture & lutinatio n test

8aralysis7 'ontact dermatitis7 %esions

- <ifampicin dapsone -1ultibacillary: rifampicin dapsone lamprene 8enicillin 6etracyclines

none strict

"nfected human7 armadillos are suspected to be vectors

.eptospirosis +mud fever, +s/ineherdAs disease, +/ellAs fever,

%eptospira pyro enes

>-15 days

)one but leptospires are found in the ptAs urine bet9 10-=0 days after onset

*irect contact 3brea! in the s!in4 thru a contaminated /ater

#ery hi h fever 1yal ia

contact

)one

mice

.yme-s disease $pirochete borrella bur dorferi none 6ic! bites :ullAs eye rash no treatment contact none *eer tic!s

Malaria +marsh fever, +palludism, +s/ineherdAs disease,

8lasmodium vivax &nopheles mos5uito

p9 vivax: 1F days to several years 1.-=E days

89 vivax : -5 days

19 8erson-person thru mos5uito bite =9parente- rally -9 maternal blood to infant .9 transpla-cental - person to person - droplet infection )ot directly transmitted from person to person

a9 blood smear b9 malarial parasite c9 spleenic biopsy :lood exam #iral culture

Hepatome aly $pleenome aly

'hloro5uine 19 .amino5uin olones =9 8rima5uine -9 $ulfonamid es $ymptomatic tx

'ontact

none

&nopheles 1inimus Flavirostis

Mumps 8aramyxovirus

F days before and H days after the parotid lands s/ell =0 years

parotitis

respiratory

)atural &ctive &c5uired )atural &ctive &c5uired

"nfected persons

Paragonomiasis

-8ara omonimus (estermani-asia -8ara onimus $iamenser -8ar ominus heterotrema &hthirus pubis

> /ee!s

$tool exam

#oracious appetite pot belly

'ombatrine or antiox 8ra2i5uentrel

Enteric

%un Flu!e

Pediculosis pubis (Pubic lice)

+! days

Pertussis 3/hoopin cou h4

:ordetella 8ertussis

F-1. days

As lon, as lice/e,, remain alive on infested person F days after exposure to - /!s after onset of typical paroxysyms variable

se$ual intercourse% close physical contact

Scrapin,

Severe itchin,

)etocona-ole .indane Ben-yl ben-oate

Contact

/o immunity to pediculosis pubis

.ice

*irect contact from droplet spread 2nknown3 not transmitted from person to person direct0 indirect contact

'ou h plate culture

Forceful explosive cou hin

Erythromycin &mpicillin

<espiratory

&rtificial active &c5uired

"nfected Humans

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

&neumocystis carinii

0!1 month s

Sputum culture

rusty sputum

Poliomyelitis +infantile paralysis,

%e io debilitants

F-1. days

1ost conta ious a fe/ days before and after onset of symptoms

%umbar testin 8andyAs test 1uscle testin

Flaccid paralysis HoyneAs si n

Antibiotics 4ucolytics #$pectorants 8olio vaccine immuni2ation, anal esics, a9 sabin b9 sac! 3attenuated vaccine4

5espiratory

/atural Active

6un,us

enteric

&rtificial active

'ontaminated secretions0 Humans

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

1ycobacterium tuberculosis

=-10 /!s

"f not under oin any treatment *o s I cats: From --5 days before the onset of symptoms until the entire course of illness

droplet

$putum exam - History of exposure 1icroscopic exam - *evAt of symptoms Fluorescent rabies antibody 3F<&4 techni5ue Hema luti nation test

Hemoptysis, mucupurulent sputum - sta es: 8rodromalbody malaise b9 Excitementapprehensio n c9 6erminaldie /ithin a day a9

<ifampicin "sonia2id 8yra2inamide Ethambutol $treptomycin $ymptomatic 3antirabies4

&irborne precaution $trict isolation

)atural active &c5uired immunity &ctive

"nfected human $tray animals and /ildlife

/abies +hydrophobia disease, +lyssa, 6ypes: $treet virus-from do Fixed virus- from humans

<abies virus

*o s Icats: 1 /ee!FJ mos9 1an: .-E /ee!s

-from saliva of rabied animal

/ubella !)erman Measles$ * - *ay measles /ubeola !Measles$ 0F days measles

<ubella virus

10-=1 days

Entire course of illness 5th day of the "8 until 1st day of rash %ess than =1 days

&irborne droplet nuclei or close contact - *roplet infxn - "ndirect thru contaminated articles /0 respi secretions - *roplet spread7 - 'lose personperson contact

ForcheimerAs spot

$ymptomatic tx

*roplet precaution

)atural active &c5uired immunity )atural active ac5uired immunity )o immunity

"nfected humans

humans

1easles virus 3paramyxovirusfilterable virus4 'orona virus

F days

Hema luti nation test

@opli!As spots $timsonAs line

$ymptomatic tx

respiratory

SA/S --F days

6hroat s/ab

Hi h rade fever

Bseltamivir

5#S&I5A(75 8 /"9 4AS)/ S25:ICA. 4AS) contact

&nimal species sold in mar!et 3e9 9 masled palm civet cat47 humans House dust mites

Scabies $arcoptes scabie =. hours =. hours *irect0 sexual contact *Found in axilla, /rist, nipple, enitals, fin ers 4ainly contact with respiratory droplets of infected person 'ulture 1icroscopic examination "tchin , scarrin

Scarlet 'ever Streptococcus pyro,enes 0!1 days 0;!10 days

Blood tests% #S5

5ash% sore throat% fever <strawberry

- %indane 3@/ell4: apply to all body parts - :en2yl ben2oate - :enadryl penicillin

6here is no immunity to scabies (here is no immunity to scarlet fever=

strict

Fomites

or carrier=

ton,ue>

Schistosomiasis +snail fever, +blood flu!e, Shigellosis !Dysentery$

$chistosoma Kaponicum $hi ella dysenteriae

&t least = months --. days

= days

1-. /!s

*irect penetration to cercaria to the s!in "n estion of contaminated food and /ater

*irect fecal smear none

$/immerAs itch

6artar emetic $tibuphen 8ra2i5uantel &mpicillin 'otrimoxa2ole 'hloramphenic ol *5%< &mpicillin7 8rocaine penicillin for adults but usually crystalline penicillin for children9 &nticonvulsants for infants 8enicillin *9 8E$

contact

&rtificial active

$nail

6enesmus &bdominal colic!y pain <usty sputum, fever and chills, chest indra/in

enteric

&rtificial active

'ontaminated food, fin ers, flies, feces and fomites 'hildren and adults /ith chronic respiratory diseases

Streptoccocal Pneumonia

$treptococcus pneumoniae

1-days

?ntil dischar es of mouth and nose no lon er contain virulent pneumococc i in si nificant number ?p to = years7 as lon as there is a presence of infected lesions 6ape/orm persist for up to -0 years

Syphilis 6reponema pallidum H-H0 days

*roplet spread, direct oral contact, or indirectly throu h articles freshly soiled /ith respiratory dischar es9 8erson to person transmission is common sexual, perinatal, blood borne

C?#S( @5A8% ABC C72/(% S&2(24 C2.(25#

&rtificial active strict

*ar!field exam7 (asserman test7 serolo ic tests $tool exam

'han!er7 candyloma7 umma

contact

)o vaccine available

"nfected person

Taeniasis 6aenia sa inata: beef 6aenia solium: por! *iphyllobithrium letum: fish tape/orm 5-1= /ee!s

"n estion of poorly coo!ed, contaminated por! or beef7

)one #oracious appetite7 8ot belly 'ombantrine0an tiox enteric 6ape/orm

Tetanus 'lostridium tetany - days/ee!s &vera e: 10 days 0 month

&s lon as pores are viable

direct0 indirect contact of infected /ound

'ulture puncture /ound

%oc! Ka/ $ardonic smile Bpisthotonus 1uscle spasms

)o treatment *ia2epam*B'

contact

6";-artificial passive

?nsterile instruments7 soil and dust /ith pores7 feces

Trichomoniasis (richomonas va,inalis

#ntire duration of infection

se$ual contact

'a,inal secretion smear3 va,inal p? BC=9 $tool exam

4alodorous ,reenish!yellow dischar,e

4etronida-ole (fla,yl)

contact

/one

&roto-oa% infected person

Trichonosis 6richinella spiralis Typhoid 'ever $almonella typhii 10-=0 days &s lon as bacteria are excreted ?ntil the crust has fallen off 'ommunica ble for life 1-= /ee!s &s lon as round /orms are viable

"n estion of uncoo!ed por!

#oracious appetite7 8ot belly <ose $pots

'ombantrine0an tiox

enteric

none

<ound /orms

"n estion of contamina-ted food and /ater *irect droplet infection7 "ndirect thru linens I fomites 1ucous membrane7 $exual contact7 con enital fecal-oral

(indal test

'hloramphenic ol 'otrimoxa2ole &cyclovir

enteric

Bnly artificially ac5uired immunity 3vaccine4 )atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity 6here is no immunity to venereal /arts )atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity Bnly artificially ac5uired immunity 3vaccine4

Human, flies, fomites

Varicella +oster !Chic en Po%$

Herpes virus varicellae

0-=1 days

&ntibody titers

1aculopapulo rash

strict

"nfected Human, fomites

Venereal #arts !Condylomata acuminata$ "epatitis A H0L pro nosis "epatitis & 15 L pro nosis

Human papilloma virus

1-months

*irect exam7 biopsy

'auliflo/er li!e cluster on perineum0va ina0 penis )ausea, vomitin , fati ue 1yal ia &rthral ia

$ilver sulfide and cautery @etocona2ole

'ontact

"nfected Human

Hep & virus

15-50 days .E-1E0 days

F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E

$tool culture

"#F &%8H&")6E<FE<B) %&1"#?*")E &*EFB#"<

enteric

"nfected Human, fly "nfected Human

Hep : virus

:lood0body fluids

':', Hbs &

enteric

"epatitis C Hep ' virus "epatitis D 15 L pro nosis 1.-1E0 days 1.-5> days

F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E 6hou ht to be most infectious before the onset of symptoms From 1. days after the appearance of Kaundice for a further = /ee!s9 F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E

:lood0body fluids :lood0body fluids

':'

hepatome aly

H*#

':'

1yal ia, arthral ia

8E;M%&6E* ")6E<FE<B) ("6H <":&#"<") &%8H&")6E<FE<B) ;&11& ;%B:?%")

)o immunity enteric &rtificial &ctive enteric

"nfected :lood and blood products contaminated /ith H*# "nfected Human, possibly mon!eys, pi s, co/s, rodents, sheep or oats

"epatitis ( M1T: H0L pro nosis

HE#

15->. days

fecal-oral

$tool exam

&bdominal pain

"#F

enteric

)atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity

"epatitis ' F5L pro nosis "epatitis ) F5L pro nosis

HF#

1.-=0 days

fecal-oral

':'

&symptomatic

'orticosteroids enteric

)o "mmunity for Hepatitis F 6here is no vaccine yet for H;#

"nfected stool of post-transfusion :lood and blood products contaminated /ith H;#

H;#

:lood0body fluids

':'

<ashes

'orticosteroids enteric

$ubmitted by: %evel """-: ;roup =

& uiman, @arla 1ae *avid, Nan &riel

Felisilda, <i2el &nn Fuertes, )icole &n eli5ue Hernande2, Names &drian @evin %avador, @im 'arla %una, Emmie %ou Gyrxs 1asnayon, Nac5ueline Francine 6utor, Fiel &n elie ?sman, Bmar $hariff