Session #10 Recitation on 3D Mechanisms Journal Bearings

Email From Students

For Tuesday, can you go over an example with using 3D HTM? I've been working with the homework some, and I guess there are three sticking points for the second problem. I can describe the constraints in words, but then I run into trouble 1) describing the constraints with equations rather than words 2) describing those equations as matrices 3) using those matrices to create a Mathcad file

Simulating an R Joint
( u1) 2( 1 cos ( ) ) + cos ( ) u1u2( 1 cos ( ) ) u3sin( ) u1u3( 1 cos ( ) ) + u2sin( ) 2 u1 u2 ( 1 cos ( ) ) + u3 sin( ) ( u2) ( 1 cos ( ) ) + cos ( ) u2 u3 ( 1 cos ( ) ) u1 sin( ) Ru( u , ) 2 u1u3( 1 cos ( ) ) u2sin( ) u2u3( 1 cos ( ) ) + u1sin( ) ( u3) ( 1 cos ( ) ) + cos ( ) 0 0 0
Rpu( p , u , ) T( p1 , p2 , p3) Ru( u , ) T( p1 , p2 , p3) 0 0 0 1

HW 5 Problem 2

Source: Problem 11.9 in Suh, C. H. Computer Aided Design of Mechanisms Part B. Self-published book, 1992. Courtesy of Dr. C. H. Suh. Used with permission.

Example Problem
Shock absorber and spring Steering link Lower control arm

Car frame

Figure courtesy of Casito. Source: Wikipedia.

Source: Problem 11.10 in Suh, C. H. Computer Aided Design of Mechanisms Part B. Self-published book, 1992. Courtesy of Dr. C. H. Suh. Used with permission.

Applications of Bearings

Figures of automotive parts removed for copyright reasons.

Journal Bearings
Disadvantages Advantages (compared to rolling (compared to rolling element bearings) element bearings)
Require less space Are quieter in operation Are lower in cost Greater Rigidity Longer life More friction therefore more power wasted Stringent requirements on supply of lubricant
Must stay clean Must not be interrupted Temperature must be controlled

Early Experiment
Lubricator Hole W Partial Bronze Bearing

Lubricant level N

Say a railroad tank car creates the downward force W. The projected area of the partial bearing was A. Tower observed that the gauge pressure measured from the lubricator hole was about 2W/A.

Figure by MIT OCW.

Jo ur na l

Tower, B., 1885, First Report on Friction Experiments, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, pp. 58-70.

Couette Flow
V

Poiseuille Flow
Pressure drops linearly

Mass flow

Journal Bearings

Lubricating fluid

rotation +

A
Shaft

What is the flow rate of fluid past line A?

cd/2

Journal Bearings
How does the torque = viscosity applied to maintain a constant rotation rate depend on and cd ? (assume full film d rotation lubrication with a + Newtonian fluid)
1) 2) 3) 4) Linearly proportional to the product Linearly proportional to the ratio Some other dependence I dont know

cd/2

Journal Bearings
B Which statement is true regarding the rate of fluid flow past line A and the fluid flow past line B?

rotation ++

A
1) 2) 3) 4)
e = eccentricity

They are essentially the same A<B A>B I dont know

Journal Bearings
B Which statement is true regarding the rate of fluid flow past line A and the fluid flow past line B due to Couette flow only?

rotation ++

1) 2) 3) e = eccentricity 4)

They are essentially the same A<B A>B I dont know

Journal Bearings

rotation ++

Sketch the pressure distribution near the smallest part of the gap.

e = eccentricity

Journal Bearings

rotation ++

Where would you apply a load to keep this shaft in equilibrium?

e = eccentricity

Concept Question
When the bearing is under load, what is the relative position of the shaft and block? 1 Load
+ rotation

Sommerfeld Number

r N S = c P
2
Load per unit of projected bearing area

rotation +

Eccentricity Versus Design

Figure removed for copyright reasons. Source: Shigley and Mischke, Figure 12-14. Graph of minimum film-thickness variable and eccentricity ratio.

Next Steps
Next session Thursday 16 MAR
Rolling element bearings (Amy Smith)

Exam #1 next Tuesday