List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Figure 2-4 Figure 2-5 Figure 2-6 Figure 2-7 Figure 3-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 Figure 4-4 Figure 4-5 Figure 4-6 Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 Figure 5-3 Figure 5-4 Figure 5-5 Figure 5-6 Figure 5-7 Figure 5-8 Figure 6-1 Figure 6-2 Figure 6-3 Figure 6-4 Figure 7-1 Figure 8-1 Figure 9-1 Figure 10-1 Rehabilitation Process Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 General Response Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 In-Plane Discontinuity in Lateral System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30 Typical Building with Out-of-Plane Offset Irregularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30 General Component Behavior Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32 Idealized Component Load versus Deformation Curves for Depicting Component Modeling and Acceptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33 Backbone Curve for Experimental Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45 Alternative Force Deformation Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-46 Calculation of Effective Stiffness, Ke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 (a) Idealized Elasto-Plastic Load-Deformation Behavior for Soils (b) Uncoupled Spring Model for Rigid Footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Elastic Solutions for Rigid Footing Spring Constants (based on Gazetas, 1991 and Lam et al., 1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 (a) Foundation Shape Correction Factors (b) Embedment Correction Factors . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Lateral Foundation-to-Soil Stiffness for Passive Pressure (after Wilson, 1988) . . . . . . . . . 4-13 Vertical Stiffness Modeling for Shallow Bearing Footings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 Idealized Concentration of Stress at Edge of Rigid Footings Subjected to Overturning Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Definition of the a, b, c, d, and e Parameters in Tables 5-4, 5-6, and 5-8, and the Generalized Load-Deformation Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 Definition of Chord Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 Full-Pen Connection in FR Connection with Variable Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 Clip Angle Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22 T-Stub Connection may be FR or PR Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23 Flange Plate Connection may be FR or PR Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 End Plate Connection may be FR or PR Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 Two Configurations of PR Composite Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 Generalized Load-Deformation Relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12 Plastic Hinge Rotation in Shear Wall where Flexure Dominates Inelastic Response . . . . . 6-42 Story Drift in Shear Wall where Shear Dominates Inelastic Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-42 Chord Rotation for Shear Wall Coupling Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-42 Idealized Force-Deflection Relation for Walls, Pier Components, and Infill Panels . . . . . 7-10 Normalized Force versus Deformation Ratio for Wood Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15 Calculation of Secant Stiffness, Ks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20 Comparison of FEMA 178 (BSSC, 1992a) and Guidelines Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . 10-17

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