Republic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 60501. March 5, 1993. CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS !TD petitione" #s$ CO%RT OF APP&A!S an' TOMAS !$ A!CANTARA "espon'ents$ Si(uion)Re*na Montecillo + On(sia,o an' To-ac"u. Man(uiat + Associates fo" petitione"$ Tan/uatco O"eta Tan/uatco 0e"en(e" + Co"pus fo" p"i#ate "espon'ent$ SY!!A0%S 1$ CIVI! !AW2 CONTRACT OF CARRIA3&2 0R&ACH TH&R&OF2 P&TITION&R 0R&ACH&D ITS CONTRACT OF CARRIA3& WITH PRIVAT& R&SPOND&NT WH&N IT FAI!&D TO D&!IV&R HIS !%33A3& AT TH& D&SI3NAT&D P!AC& AND TIM&$ 4 Petitione" b"eache' its cont"act of ca""ia(e 5ith p"i#ate "espon'ent 5hen it faile' to 'eli#e" his lu((a(e at the 'esi(nate' place an' ti-e it bein( the obli(ation of a co--on ca""ie" to ca""* its passen(e"s an' thei" lu((a(e safel* to thei" 'estination 5hich inclu'es the 'ut* not to 'ela* thei" t"anspo"tation an' the e#i'ence sho5s that petitione" acte' f"au'ulentl* o" in ba' faith$ 6$ DAMA3&S2 MORA! AND &7&MP!ARY DAMA3&S PR&DICAT&D %PON A 0R&ACH OF CONTRACT OF CARRIA3&2 R&COV&RA0!& ON!Y IN INSTANC&S WH&R& TH& MISHAP R&S%!TS IN D&ATH OF A PASS&N3&R OR WH&R& TH& CARRI&R IS 3%I!TY OF FRA%D OR 0AD FAITH2 TH& COND%CT OF P&TITION&R8S R&PR&S&NTATIV& TOWARDS R&SPOND&NT 9%STIFI&S TH& 3RANT OF MORA! AND &7&MP!ARY DAMA3&S IN CAS& AT 0AR$ 4 Mo"al 'a-a(es p"e'icate' upon a b"each of cont"act of ca""ia(e -a* onl* be "eco#e"able in instances 5he"e the -ishap "esults in 'eath of a passen(e" o" 5he"e the ca""ie" is (uilt* of f"au' o" ba' faith$ The lan(ua(e an' con'uct of petitione"8s "ep"esentati#e to5a"'s "espon'ent Alcanta"a 5as 'iscou"teous o" a"bit"a"* to /ustif* the ("ant of -o"al 'a-a(es$ The CATHAY "ep"esentati#e 5as not onl* in'iffe"ent an' i-patient2 he 5as also "u'e an' insultin($ He si-pl* a'#ise' Alcanta"a to bu* an*thin( he 5ante'$ 0ut e#en that 5as not since"e because the "ep"esentati#e ,ne5 that the passen(e" 5as li-ite' onl* to :6;$;; 5hich ce"tainl* 5as not enou(h to pu"chase co-fo"table clothin(s app"op"iate fo" an e<ecuti#e confe"ence$ Consi'e"in( that Alcanta"a 5as not onl* a "e#enue passen(e" but e#en pai' fo" a fi"st class ai"line acco--o'ation an' acco-panie' at the ti-e b* the Co--e"cial Attache of the Philippine &-bass* 5ho 5as assistin( hi- in his p"oblepetitione" o" its a(ents shoul' ha#e been -o"e cou"teous an' acco--o'atin( to p"i#ate "espon'ent instea' of (i#in( hi- a cu"t "epl* =What can 5e 'o the ba((a(e is -issin($ I cannot 'o an*thin( $ $ $ An*ho5 *ou can bu* an*thin( *ou nee' cha"(e' to Catha* Pacific$= Whe"e in b"eachin( the cont"act of ca""ia(e the 'efen'ant ai"line is not sho5n to ha#e acte' f"au'ulentl* o" in ba' faith liabilit* fo" 'a-a(es is li-ite' to the natu"al an' p"obable conse>uences of the b"each of obli(ation 5hich the pa"ties ha' fo"eseen o" coul' ha#e "easonabl* fo"eseen$ In that case such liabilit* 'oes not inclu'e -o"al an' e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es$ Con#e"sel* if the 'efen'ant ai"line is sho5n to ha#e acte' f"au'ulentl* o" in ba' faith the a5a"' of -o"al an' e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es is p"ope"$ ?$ T&MP&RAT& DAMA3&S2 R&COV&RA0!& ON!Y %PON PROOF THAT TH& C!AIMANT S%STAIN&D SOM& P&C%NIARY !OSS$ 4 Ho5e#e" "espon'ent Alcanta"a is not entitle' to te-pe"ate 'a-a(es cont"a"* to the "ulin( of the cou"t a >uo in the absence of an* sho5in(

that he sustaine' so-e pecunia"* loss$ It cannot be (ainsai' that "espon'ent8s lu((a(e 5as ulti-atel* 'eli#e"e' to hi- 5ithout se"ious o" app"eciable 'a-a(e$ @$ WARSAW CONV&NTION2 DO&S NOT OP&RAT& AS AN &7C!%SIV& &N%M&RATION OF TH& INSTANC&S FOR D&C!ARIN3 A CARRI&R !IA0!& FOR 0R&ACH OF CONTRACT OF CARRIA3& OR AS AN A0SO!%T& !IMIT OF TH& &7T&NT OF THAT !IA0I!ITY2 DO&S NOT PR&C!%D& TH& OP&RATION OF TH& CIVI! COD& AND OTH&R P&RTIN&NT !AWS$ 4 As We ha#e "epeate'l* hel' althou(h the Wa"sa5 Con#ention has the fo"ce an' effect of la5 in this count"* bein( a t"eat* co--it-ent assu-e' b* the Philippine (o#e"n-ent sai' con#ention 'oes not ope"ate as an e<clusi#e enu-e"ation of the instances fo" 'ecla"in( a ca""ie" liable fo" b"each of cont"act of ca""ia(e o" as an absolute li-it of the e<tent of that liabilit*$ The Wa"sa5 Con#ention 'ecla"es the ca""ie" liable fo" 'a-a(es in the enu-e"ate' cases an' un'e" ce"tain li-itations$ Ho5e#e" it -ust not be const"ue' to p"eclu'e the ope"ation of the Ci#il Co'e an' othe" pe"tinent la5s$ It 'oes not "e(ulate -uch less e<e-pt the ca""ie" f"o- liabilit* fo" 'a-a(es fo" #iolatin( the "i(hts of its passen(e"s un'e" the cont"act of ca""ia(e especiall* if 5ilfull -iscon'uct on the pa"t of the ca""ie"8s e-plo*ees is foun' o" establishe' 5hich is clea"l* the case befo"e %s$ D&CISION 0&!!OSI!!O 9 pA This is a petition fo" "e#ie5 on ce"tio"a"i of the 'ecision of the Cou"t of Appeals 5hich affi"-e' 5ith -o'ification that of the t"ial cou"t b* inc"easin( the a5a"' of 'a-a(es in fa#o" of p"i#ate "espon'ent To-as !$ Alcanta"a$ The facts a"e un'ispute'A On 1B Octobe" 1BCD "espon'ent To-as !$ Alcanta"a 5as a fi"st class passen(e" of petitione" Catha* Pacific Ai"5a*s !t'$ ECATHAY fo" b"e#it*F on its Fli(ht No$ C7)B;; f"o- Manila to Hon(,on( an' on5a"' f"o- Hon(,on( to 9a,a"ta on Fli(ht No$ C7)C11$ The pu"pose of his t"ip 5as to atten' the follo5in( 'a* 6; Octobe" 1BCD a confe"ence 5ith the Di"ecto" 3ene"al of T"a'e of In'onesia Alcanta"a bein( the &<ecuti#e Vice)P"esi'ent an' 3ene"al Mana(e" of Ili(an Ce-ent Co"po"ation Chai"-an of the &<po"t Co--ittee of the Philippine Ce-ent Co"po"ation an' "ep"esentati#e of the Ce-ent In'ust"* Autho"it* an' the Philippine Ce-ent Co"po"ation$ He chec,e' in his lu((a(e 5hich containe' not onl* his clothin( an' a"ticles fo" pe"sonal use but also pape"s an' 'ocu-ents he nee'e' fo" the confe"ence$ %pon his a""i#al in 9a,a"ta "espon'ent 'isco#e"e' that his lu((a(e 5as -issin($ When he in>ui"e' about his lu((a(e f"o- CATHAY8s "ep"esentati#e in 9a,a"ta p"i#ate "espon'ent 5as tol' that his lu((a(e 5as left behin' in Hon(,on($ Fo" this "espon'ent Alcanta"a 5as offe"e' :6;$;; as =incon#enience -one*= to bu* his i--e'iate pe"sonal nee's until the lu((a(e coul' be 'eli#e"e' to hi-$ His lu((a(e finall* "eache' 9a,a"ta -o"e than t5ent* fou" E6@F hou"s afte" his a""i#al$ Ho5e#e" it 5as not 'eli#e"e' to hi- at his hotel but 5as "e>ui"e' b* petitione" to be pic,e' up b* an official of the Philippine &-bass*$ On 1 Ma"ch 1BCG "espon'ent file' his co-plaint a(ainst petitione" 5ith the Cou"t of Fi"st Instance Eno5 Re(ional T"ial Cou"tF of !anao 'el No"te p"a*in( fo" te-pe"ate -o"al an' e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es plus atto"ne*8s fees$ On 1H Ap"il 1BCG the t"ial cou"t "en'e"e' its 'ecision o"'e"in( CATHAY to pa* Plaintiff P6; ;;;$;; fo" -o"al 'a-a(es PD ;;;$;; fo" te-pe"ate 'a-a(es P1; ;;;$;; fo" e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es an' P6D ;;;$;; fo" atto"ne*8s fees an' the costs$ 1 0oth pa"ties appeale' to the Cou"t of Appeals$ CATHAY assaile' the conclusion of the t"ial cou"t that it 5as accountable fo" b"each of cont"act an' >uestione' the non)application b* the cou"t of the Wa"sa5 Con#ention as 5ell as the e<cessi#e 'a-a(es a5a"'e' on the basis of

its fin'in( that "espon'ent Alcanta"a 5as "u'el* t"eate' b* petitione"8s e-plo*ees 'u"in( the ti-e that his lu((a(e coul' not be foun'$ Fo" his pa"t "espon'ent Alcanta"a assi(ne' as e""o" the failu"e of the t"ial cou"t to ("ant the full a-ount of 'a-a(es sou(ht in his co-plaint$ On 11 No#e-be" 1BH1 "espon'ent Cou"t of Appeals "en'e"e' its 'ecision affi"-in( the fin'in(s of fact of the t"ial cou"t but -o'if*in( its a5a"' b* inc"easin( the -o"al 'a-a(es to PH; ;;;$;; e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es to P6; ;;;$;; an' te-pe"ate o" -o'e"ate 'a-a(es to P1; ;;;$;;$ The a5a"' of P6D ;;;$;; fo" atto"ne*8s fees 5as -aintaine'$ The sa-e ("oun's "aise' b* petitione" in the Cou"t of Appeals a"e "eite"ate' befo"e %s$ CATHAY conten's thatA E1F the Cou"t of Appeals e""e' in hol'in( petitione" liable to "espon'ent Alcanta"a fo" -o"al e<e-pla"* an' te-pe"ate 'a-a(es as 5ell as atto"ne*8s fees2 an' E6F the Cou"t of Appeals e""e' in failin( to appl* the Wa"sa5 Con#ention on the liabilit* of a ca""ie" to its passen(e"s$ On its fi"st assi(ne' e""o" CATHAY a"(ues that althou(h it faile' to t"anspo"t "espon'ent Alcanta"a8s lu((a(e on ti-e the one)'a* 'ela* 5as not -a'e in ba' faith so as to /ustif* -o"al e<e-pla"* an' te-pe"ate 'a-a(es$ It sub-its that the conclusion of "espon'ent appellate cou"t that p"i#ate "espon'ent 5as t"eate' "u'el* an' a""o(antl* 5hen he sou(ht assistance f"o- CATHAY8s e-plo*ees has no factual basis hence the a5a"' of -o"al 'a-a(es has no le( to stan' on$ Petitione"8s fi"st assi(ne' e""o" in#ol#es fin'in(s of fact 5hich a"e not "e#ie5able b* this Cou"t$ 6 At an* "ate it is not i-p"esse' 5ith -e"it$ Petitione" b"eache' its cont"act of ca""ia(e 5ith p"i#ate "espon'ent 5hen it faile' to 'eli#e" his lu((a(e at the 'esi(nate' place an' ti-e it bein( the obli(ation of a co--on ca""ie" to ca""* its passen(e"s an' thei" lu((a(e safel* to thei" 'estination 5hich inclu'es the 'ut* not to 'ela* thei" t"anspo"tation ? an' the e#i'ence sho5s that petitione" acte' f"au'ulentl* o" in ba' faith$ Mo"al 'a-a(es p"e'icate' upon a b"each of cont"act of ca""ia(e -a* onl* be "eco#e"able in instances 5he"e the -ishap "esults in 'eath of a passen(e" @ o" 5he"e the ca""ie" is (uilt* of f"au' o" ba' faith$ D In the case at ba" both the t"ial cou"t an' the appellate cou"t foun' that CATHAY 5as ("ossl* ne(li(ent an' "ec,less 5hen it faile' to 'eli#e" the lu((a(e of petitione" at the appointe' place an' ti-e$ We a("ee$ CATHAY alle(es that as a "esult of -echanical t"ouble all pieces of lu((a(e on boa"' the fi"st ai"c"aft boun' fo" 9a,a"ta 5e"e unloa'e' an' t"ansfe""e' to the secon' ai"c"aft 5hich 'epa"te' an hou" an' a half late"$ Yet as the Cou"t of Appeals note' petitione" 5as not e#en a5a"e that it left behin' p"i#ate "espon'ent8s lu((a(e until its attention 5as calle' b* the Hon(,on( Custo-s autho"ities$ Mo"e ba' faith o" othe"5ise i-p"ope" con'uct -a* be att"ibute' to the e-plo*ees of petitione"$ While the -e"e failu"e of CATHAY to 'eli#e" "espon'ent8s lu((a(e at the a("ee' place an' ti-e 'i' not ipso facto a-ount to 5illful -iscon'uct since the lu((a(e 5as e#entuall* 'eli#e"e' to p"i#ate "espon'ent albeit belate'l* G We a"e pe"sua'e' that the e-plo*ees of CATHAY acte' in ba' faith$ We "efe" to the 'eposition of Ro-ulo Pal-a Co--e"cial Attache of the Philippine &-bass* at 9a,a"ta 5ho 5as 5ith "espon'ent Alcanta"a 5hen the latte" sou(ht assistance f"o- the e-plo*ees of CATHAY$ This 'eposition 5as the basis of the fin'in(s of the lo5e" cou"ts 5hen both a5a"'e' -o"al 'a-a(es to p"i#ate "espon'ent$ He"eun'e" is pa"t of Pal-a8s testi-on* 4 =IA What 'i' M"$ Alcanta"a sa* if an*J A$ M"$ Alcanta"a 5as of cou"se $ $ $ $ I coul' un'e"stan' his position$ He 5as fu"ious fo" the e<pe"ience because p"obabl* he 5as thin,in( he 5as (oin( to -eet the Di"ecto")3ene"al the follo5in( 'a* an' 5ell he 5as 5ith no chan(e of p"ope" clothes an' so I 5oul' sa* he 5as not happ* about the situation$ IA What 'i' M"$ Alcanta"a sa*J

AA He 5as t"*in( to p"ess the fello5 to -a,e the "epo"t an' if possible -a,e the 'eli#e"* of his ba((a(e as soon as possible$ IA An' 5hat 'i' the a(ent o" 'ut* office" sa* if an*J AA The 'ut* office" of cou"se ans5e"e' bac, sa*in( 8What can 5e 'o the ba((a(e is -issin($ I cannot 'o an*thin($8 so-ethin( li,e it$ 8An*ho5 *ou can bu* an*thin( *ou nee' cha"(e' to Catha* Pacific$8 IA What 5as the 'e-eano" o" co-po"t-ent of the 'ut* office" of Catha* Pacific 5hen he sai' to M"$ Alcanta"a 8You can bu* an*thin( cha"(eable to Catha* Pacific8J AA If I ha' to loo, at it ob/ecti#el* the 'ut* office" 5oul' li,e to 'is-iss the affai" as soon as possible b* sa*in( in'iffe"entl* 8Don8t 5o""*$ It can be foun'$8= C In'ee' the afo"e>uote' testi-on* sho5s that the lan(ua(e an' con'uct of petitione"8s "ep"esentati#e to5a"'s "espon'ent Alcanta"a 5as 'iscou"teous o" a"bit"a"* to /ustif* the ("ant of -o"al 'a-a(es$ The CATHAY "ep"esentati#e 5as not onl* in'iffe"ent an' i-patient2 he 5as also "u'e an' insultin($ He si-pl* a'#ise' Alcanta"a to bu* an*thin( he 5ante'$ 0ut e#en that 5as not since"e because the "ep"esentati#e ,ne5 that the passen(e" 5as li-ite' onl* to :6;$;; 5hich ce"tainl* 5as not enou(h to pu"chase co-fo"table clothin(s app"op"iate fo" an e<ecuti#e confe"ence$ Consi'e"in( that Alcanta"a 5as not onl* a "e#enue passen(e" but e#en pai' fo" a fi"st class ai"line acco--o'ation an' acco-panie' at the ti-e b* the Co--e"cial Attache of the Philippine &-bass* 5ho 5as assistin( hi- in his p"oblepetitione" o" its a(ents shoul' ha#e been -o"e cou"teous an' acco--o'atin( to p"i#ate "espon'ent instea' of (i#in( hi- a cu"t "epl* =What can 5e 'o the ba((a(e is -issin($ I cannot 'o an*thin( $ $ $ An*ho5 *ou can bu* an*thin( *ou nee' cha"(e' to Catha* Pacific$= CATHAY8s e-plo*ees shoul' ha#e been -o"e solicitous to a passen(e" in 'ist"ess an' assua(e' his an<ieties an' app"ehensions$ To co-poun' -atte"s CATHAY "efuse' to ha#e the lu((a(e of Alcanta"a 'eli#e"e' to hi- at his hotel2 instea' he 5as "e>ui"e' to pic, it up hi-self an' an official of the Philippine &-bass*$ %n'e" the ci"cu-stances it is e#i'ent that petitione" 5as "e-iss in its 'ut* to p"o#i'e p"ope" an' a'e>uate assistance to a pa*in( passen(e" -o"e so one 5ith fi"st class acco--o'ation$ Whe"e in b"eachin( the cont"act of ca""ia(e the 'efen'ant ai"line is not sho5n to ha#e acte' f"au'ulentl* o" in ba' faith liabilit* fo" 'a-a(es is li-ite' to the natu"al an' p"obable conse>uences of the b"each of obli(ation 5hich the pa"ties ha' fo"eseen o" coul' ha#e "easonabl* fo"eseen$ In that case such liabilit* 'oes not inclu'e -o"al an' e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es$ H Con#e"sel* if the 'efen'ant ai"line is sho5n to ha#e acte' f"au'ulentl* o" in ba' faith the a5a"' of -o"al an' e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es is p"ope"$ Ho5e#e" "espon'ent Alcanta"a is not entitle' to te-pe"ate 'a-a(es cont"a"* to the "ulin( of the cou"t a >uo in the absence of an* sho5in( that he sustaine' so-e pecunia"* loss$ B It cannot be (ainsai' that "espon'ent8s lu((a(e 5as ulti-atel* 'eli#e"e' to hi- 5ithout se"ious o" app"eciable 'a-a(e$ As "e(a"'s its secon' assi(ne' e""o" petitione" ai"line conten's that the e<tent of its liabilit* fo" b"each of cont"act shoul' be li-ite' absolutel* to that set fo"th in the Wa"sa5 Con#ention$ We 'o not a("ee$ As We ha#e "epeate'l* hel' althou(h the Wa"sa5 Con#ention has the fo"ce an' effect of la5 in this count"* bein( a t"eat* co--it-ent assu-e' b* the Philippine (o#e"n-ent sai' con#ention 'oes not ope"ate as an e<clusi#e enu-e"ation of the instances fo" 'ecla"in( a ca""ie" liable fo" b"each of cont"act of ca""ia(e o" as an absolute li-it of the e<tent of that liabilit*$ 1; The Wa"sa5 Con#ention 'ecla"es the ca""ie" liable fo" 'a-a(es in the enu-e"ate' cases an' un'e" ce"tain li-itations$ 11 Ho5e#e" it -ust not be const"ue' to p"eclu'e the ope"ation of the Ci#il Co'e an' othe" pe"tinent la5s$ It 'oes not "e(ulate -uch less e<e-pt the ca""ie" f"o- liabilit* fo" 'a-a(es fo" #iolatin( the "i(hts of its passen(e"s un'e" the cont"act of ca""ia(e 16 especiall* if 5ilfull -iscon'uct on the pa"t of the ca""ie"8s

e-plo*ees is foun' o" establishe' 5hich is clea"l* the case befo"e %s$ Fo" the Wa"sa5 Con#ention itself p"o#i'es in A"t$ 6D that 4 =E1F The ca""ie" shall not be entitle' to a#ail hi-self of the p"o#isions of this con#ention 5hich e<clu'e o" li-it his liabilit* if the 'a-a(e is cause' b* his 5ilfull -iscon'uct o" b* such 'efault on his pa"t as in acco"'ance 5ith the la5 of the cou"t to 5hich the case is sub-itte' is consi'e"e' to be e>ui#alent to 5ilfull -iscon'uct$= E6F Si-ila"l* the ca""ie" shall not be entitle' to a#ail hi-self of the sai' p"o#isions if the 'a-a(e is cause' un'e" the sa-e ci"cu-stances b* an* a(ent of the ca""ie" actin( 5ithin the scope of his e-plo*-ent$= When petitione" ai"line -isplace' "espon'ent8s lu((a(e an' faile' to 'eli#e" it to its passen(e" at the appointe' place an' ti-e so-e special species of in/u"* -ust ha#e been cause' to hi-$ Fo" su"e the latte" un'e"5ent p"ofoun' 'ist"ess an' an<iet* an' the fea" of losin( the oppo"tunit* to fulfill the pu"pose of his t"ip$ In fact fo" 5ant of app"op"iate clothin(s fo" the occasion b"ou(ht about b* the 'ela* of the a""i#al of his lu((a(e to his e-ba""ass-ent an' conste"nation "espon'ent Alcanta"a ha' to see, postpone-ent of his p"e)a""an(e' confe"ence 5ith the Di"ecto" 3ene"al of T"a'e of the host count"*$ In one case 1? this Cou"t obse"#e' that a t"a#elle" 5oul' natu"all* suffe" -ental an(uish an<iet* an' shoc, 5hen he fin's that his lu((a(e 'i' not t"a#el 5ith hi- an' he fin's hi-self in a fo"ei(n lan' 5ithout an* a"ticle of clothin( othe" than 5hat he has on$ Thus "espon'ent is entitle' to -o"al an' e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es$ We ho5e#e" fin' the a5a"' b* the Cou"t of Appeals of PH; ;;;$;; fo" -o"al 'a-a(es e<cessi#e hence We "e'uce the a-ount to P?; ;;;$;;$ The e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es of P6; ;;;$;; bein( "easonable is -aintaine' as 5ell as the atto"ne*8s fees of P6D ;;;$;; consi'e"in( that petitione"8s act o" o-ission has co-pelle' Alcanta"a to liti(ate 5ith thi"' pe"sons o" to incu" e<penses to p"otect his inte"est$ 1@ WH&R&FOR& the assaile' 'ecision of "espon'ent Cou"t of Appeals is AFFIRM&D 5ith the e<ception of the a5a"' of te-pe"ate 'a-a(es of P1; ;;;$;; 5hich is 'elete' 5hile the a5a"' of -o"al 'a-a(es of PH; ;;;$;; is "e'uce' to P?; ;;;$;;$ The a5a"' of P6; ;;;$;; fo" e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es is -aintaine' as "easonable to(ethe" 5ith the atto"ne*8s fees of P6D ;;;$;;$ The -o"al an' e<e-pla"* 'a-a(es shall ea"n inte"est at the le(al "ate f"o- 1 Ma"ch 1BCG 5hen the co-plaint 5as file' until full pa*-ent$ SO ORD&R&D$ C"u. 3"iKo)A>uino an' Iuiason 99 $ concu"$ Footnotes 1$ Reco"' on Appeal pp$ 16)6?2 Rollo p$ ?;$ 6$ Philippine Ai" !ines #$ Cou"t of Appeals 3$R$ No$ B6D;1 G Ma"ch 1BB6 6;C SCRA 1;;$ ?$ Tan !iao #$ A-e"ican P"esi'ent !ines BH Phil 6;?$ @$ A"ts$ 1CG@ an' 66;G Ne5 Ci#il Co'e$ D$ A"t$ 666; Ne5 Ci#il Co'e2 China Ai"lines !t'$ #$ IAC 3$R$ No$ C?H?D 1C 9anua"* 1BHB 1GB SCRA 66G$ G$ Alitalia #$ IAC 3$R$ No$ C1B6B @ Dece-be" 1BB; 1B6 SCRA B$

C$ Reco"'s pp$ 16)1?$ H$ China Ai"lines !i-ite' #$ Cou"t of Appeals 3$R$ No$ B@DB; 6B 9ul* 1BB6$ B$ A"t$ 666@ Ne5 Ci#il Co'e$ 1;$ See Note G2 No"th5est Ai"lines Inc$ #$ Cuenca No$ !)66@6D ?1 Au(ust 1BGD 1@ SCRA 1;G?$ 11$ A"t$ 66$ 1$ In the ca""ia(e of passen(e"s the liabilit* of the ca""ie" fo" each passen(e" is li-ite' to the su- of 6D; ;;; f"ancs$ $ $ $ Ne#e"theless b* special cont"act the ca""ie" an' the passen(e" -a* a("ee to a hi(he" li-it of liabilit*$ =6$aF In the ca""ia(e of "e(iste"e' ba((a(e an' of ca"(o the liabilit* of the ca""ie" is li-ite' to a su- of 6D; f"ancs pe" ,ilo("a--e unless the passen(e" o" consi(no" has -a'e at the ti-e 5hen the pac,a(e 5as han'e' o#e" to the ca""ie" a special 'ecla"ation of inte"est in 'eli#e"* at 'estination an' has pai' a supple-enta"* su- if the case so "e>ui"es$ In that case the ca""ie" 5ill be liable to pa* a su- not e<cee'in( the 'ecla"e' su- unless he p"o#es that the su- is ("eate" than the actual #alue to the consi(no" at 'eli#e"*$ =6$bF In the case of loss 'a-a(e o" 'ela* of pa"t of "e(iste"e' ba((a(e o" ca"(o o" of an* ob/ect containe' the"ein the 5ei(ht to be ta,en into consi'e"ation in 'ete"-inin( the a-ount to 5hich the ca""ie"8s liabilit* is li-ite' shall be onl* the total 5ei(ht of the pac,a(e o" pac,a(es conce"ne'$ Ne#e"theless 5hen the loss 'a-a(e o" 'ela* of a pa"t of the "e(iste"e' ba((a(e o" ca"(o o" of an ob/ect containe' the"ein affects the #alue of othe" pac,a(es co#e"e' b* the sa-e ba((a(e chec, o" the sa-e ai" 5a* bill the total 5ei(ht of such pac,a(e o" pac,a(es shall also be ta,en into consi'e"ation in 'ete"-inin( the li-it of liabilit*$= 16$ See Note G$ 1?$ Pan A-e"ican Wo"l' Ai"5a*s Inc$ #$ IAC 3$R$ No$ GHBHH 61 9une 1BB; 1HG SCRA GHC$ 1@$ A"t$ 66;H pa"$ E6F Ne5 Ci#il Co'e$