01 System Description

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1-1 Chapter 2 Product Features ......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 BTS312 Technical Characteristics..................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Integrated RF Component Technology................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Mature RF Technology............................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.3 Advanced E-Abis Technology ................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.4 Powerful O&M Functions ........................................................................................ 2-2 2.2 Advantages of BTS312 Applications ................................................................................. 2-2 2.2.1 Large Capacity and Wide Coverage ....................................................................... 2-2 2.2.2 Cost Reduction........................................................................................................ 2-3 2.2.3 Installation ............................................................................................................... 2-3 Chapter 3 Product Introduction ................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Cabinet Configuration ........................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Board Description Table .................................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 BTS312 System Architecture............................................................................................. 3-3 Chapter 4 Functions...................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Basic Functions.................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Basic Software Functions........................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 Basic Hardware Functions ...................................................................................... 4-2 4.2 Digital Trunking Function ................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.1 VGCS ...................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 VBS ......................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.3 Fast Group Call Setup............................................................................................. 4-3 4.2.4 Late Entry ................................................................................................................ 4-3 4.2.5 eMLPP..................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.6 Late Group Channel Assignment ............................................................................ 4-3 4.2.7 Assigned Channel Supervision ............................................................................... 4-3 4.2.8 Voice Private Call Service....................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.9 PTT Preemption ...................................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.10 Talker Identification ............................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.11 Half Rate Group Call ............................................................................................. 4-4 4.2.12 Late A Interface CIC Assignment.......................................................................... 4-4 4.2.13 800M Band Supported and 800M Hopping........................................................... 4-4 4.2.14 Reserved Channel ................................................................................................ 4-5 4.2.15 Trunking Emergency Call...................................................................................... 4-5 4.2.16 Fall Back................................................................................................................ 4-5
Huawei Technologies Proprietary i
Table of Contents
4.2.17 Stand Alone........................................................................................................... 4-5 4.3 Networking Functions ........................................................................................................ 4-6 4.3.1 E1 Networking ......................................................................................................... 4-6 4.3.2 SDH Networking...................................................................................................... 4-7 4.3.3 Satellite Transmission Networking .......................................................................... 4-8 4.4 Radio Network Functions................................................................................................... 4-8 4.4.1 Main Diversity Receiving......................................................................................... 4-8 4.4.2 Frequency Hopping................................................................................................. 4-9 4.4.3 Power Control.......................................................................................................... 4-9 4.4.4 Discontinuous Transmission ................................................................................. 4-10 Chapter 5 O&M System................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 O&M Architecture............................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2 Local Maintenance .................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.3 Remote Maintenance .............................................................................................. 5-2 5.2 O&M Functions .................................................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.1 Security Management ............................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.2 Alarm Management................................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.3 Maintenance Management...................................................................................... 5-3 5.2.4 Performance Measurement and Test ..................................................................... 5-3 Chapter 6 Reliability Design......................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 System Reliability Design .................................................................................................. 6-1 6.1.1 Rating-Lowering Design.......................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.2 Heat Design............................................................................................................. 6-1 6.1.3 EMC Design ............................................................................................................ 6-1 6.1.4 System Fault Monitoring and Handling ................................................................... 6-1 6.1.5 System Fault Protection .......................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.6 System Maintainability Design ................................................................................ 6-2 6.1.7 Running Environment Protection Design ................................................................ 6-2 6.2 Hardware Reliability Design............................................................................................... 6-2 6.2.1 Board Coding Key Design....................................................................................... 6-2 6.2.2 Power System Reliability Design ............................................................................ 6-2 6.2.3 Abis Communication Bypass Design ...................................................................... 6-2 6.3 Software Reliability Design ................................................................................................ 6-3 6.3.1 Scheduled Check of Key Resources ...................................................................... 6-3 6.3.2 Fault Isolation Feature ............................................................................................ 6-3 6.3.3 Data Check.............................................................................................................. 6-3 6.3.4 Process Monitoring ................................................................................................. 6-3 Chapter 7 Technical Specifications............................................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Engineering Specifications of BTS312 Cabinet................................................................. 7-1 7.2 Performance Specifications of BTS312 Cabinet ............................................................... 7-2
Huawei Technologies Proprietary ii
Table of Contents
7.3 External Physical Interfaces .............................................................................................. 7-3
Huawei Technologies Proprietary iii
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
This document is prepared to lay a foundation for understanding Huawei Base Transceiver Station 312 (BTS312). Huawei BTS312 not only fulfils the technical parameters indicated in the "PHASE 2/PHASE 2+" series of recommendations under the responsibility of the GSM Technical Committee of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), but also provides the digital trunking function.
Huawei Technologies Proprietary 1-1
Chapter 2 Product Features

2.1 BTS312 Technical Characteristics
The BTS312 is designed as a typical all-in-one BTS by taking full consideration of the requirements in capacity, configuration, installation, power supply, transmission, and services. This section introduces its characteristics below.
2.1.1 Integrated RF Component Technology

Expansion based on the inheritance of the investment: BTS expansion can make the utmost us of all the antenna and feeder parts. Modular structure with good performance: RF combiner, divider and low noise amplifier are integrated in the combining and distribution unit (CDU). All parts for TRX processing, which include baseband processing, RF processing, power amplification and power supply, are integrated in one transceiver unit (TRX). The modular structure can reduce internal cable connections, improve system reliability and facilitate installation and maintenance.
Intelligent CDU: The CDU features fine monitor and control functions, excellent O&M, level 2 standing wave ratio alarm, low noise amplifier alarm, tower top amplifier (TTA) alarm, TTA power supply. It also supports auto protection against emergency, that is, it can close transmit power when the Tx channel of the antenna and feeder is abnormal, and can power off to bypass the low noise amplifier (LNA) when TTA is abnormal so as to ensure normal system operation. Receive gain can be adjusted via remote control to ensure the sensitivity of the receive system.
2.1.2 Mature RF Technology

RF hopping and baseband frequency hopping are provided to improve system anti-interference capability. It has good performance in practical applications. The advanced digital RF technology is adopted to raise batch consistency, manufacture scalability and stability of the RF system.
2.1.3 Advanced E-Abis Technology

The enhanced Abis (E-Abis) supports various transmission modes and complex topologies. The transmission mode can be SDH, E1, microwave, or satellite. The E-Abis includes the following techniques:

Advanced phase locking (APL): solves the problem of clock jittery by using highprecision (up to 0.1 Hz) clock and characteristic software phase lock technique. Problems such as SDH clock phase jittery and signal out of lock during transmission via satellite are solved.
The system can tolerate a tolerance at the bit error rate of 1E-4, that is, 2 levels higher than the common 1E-6 bit error rate. A better and smooth voice quality can be obtained even in transmission through microwave and satellite.
The system can tolerate an intermittent link failure of less than 2 seconds, which makes the BTS312 more suitable for applications in unstable conditions such as SDH transmission switching, microwave, satellite transmission, etc.
Protection against long transmission delay on the Abis to support satellites networking.
2.1.4 Powerful O&M Functions

BTS312 can perform the following O&M functions: software downloading, BTS object attribute configuration management, equipment management and running status monitoring.
Local end maintenance: provides man machine interface (MMI), and implement maintenance, monitoring and management to all objects of the BTS through the local end maintenance system.
Remote end maintenance: O&M network is made in the GSM system. The authorized user can use any workstation in the network via the remote maintenance console to perform remote O&M to BTS NEs in the system.
System state monitoring provides system running indices indication, resource state indication. Security management provides MS login authentication, command authority restriction, unsecured operation indication and user group management. Test: auto-test of functions, loop-back test. Upgrade: automatically checks the system for upgrade. System upgrading can be performed via remote loading. The system can be restored to its previous version if system upgrading fails.

2.2 Advantages of BTS312 Applications

2.2.1 Large Capacity and Wide Coverage
Large capacity of a single cabinet: BTS312 can support up to 12 TRXs in the full configuration mode. The nominal value of transmit power at the antenna connector is 60 W. The dual timeslot expansion function is supported. Theoretically, a maximum coverage of 120 km can be supported.

2.2.2 Cost Reduction

It supports multiplexing of 13:1, hence greatly reducing transmission cost. Centralized power supply provides power to various modules in a distributed way. BTS312 can provide DC +24 V, DC -48 V and AC 220 V to satisfy different power supply requirements.
2.2.3 Installation

Support installation against wall Support combined cabinets Convenient to be installed and maintained
Chapter 3 Product Introduction

3.1 Cabinet Configuration
This section introduces the typical single cabinet configuration of BTS312. BTS312 Dimensions: 1,880 mm (H) 650 mm (W) 500 mm (D) Figure 3-1 shows single BTS312 cabinet under full configuration.
Switch Box Fan Box T M D U T T T R R R X X X
T M D U U
T T R R X X
T R X
AirTrough T T T R R R X X X
T M D U
T M D U
T T R R X X
T R X
Fan Box
Fan Box
T M D U
T M D U
T T R R X X
T R X
T R X
P P P P P P P S S S S S S M U U U U U U U
TTT T T MM E E E UU S UU
AirInlet
TMDU: Trunk Multiple combination and TRX: Transceiver unit Distribution Unit PSU: Power Supply Unit TES: Transmission Extension power Supply unit PMU: Power Monitor Unit TEU: Transmission Extension Unit TTMU: Timing/Transmission and Management Unit Air Inlet: Air Through
Figure 3-1 Typical configuration of BTS312
3.2 Board Description Table

Refer to Table 3-1 for the board description table of BTS312
Table 3-1 Board description table of BTS312 Board abbreviation ABA ABB ASU CDU ECDU FMU PAT PBU PMU PSU SCU TCU TDU TEDU TEU TES TMDU TMU TRX Full name Abis Bypass Assistant board Abis Bypass Board Access SDH Unit Combining and Distribution Unit Enhanced Combining and Distribution Unit Fan Monitor Unit Passive Transmission Board Power Boost Unit Power Monitor Unit Power Supply Unit Simple combining Unit Temperature Control Unit Time Distribution Unit Trunk Enhanced Duplexer Unit Transmission Extension Unit Transmission Extension power Supply unit Trunk Multiple combination and Distribution Unit Timing/Transmission and Management Unit Transceiver unit
3.3 BTS312 System Architecture

BTS312 supports the following functions:
Connecting with the base station controller (BSC) via the Abis interface to coordinate with BSC in radio resource management, radio parameter management and interface management
Communicating with the mobile station (MS) via the Um interface to realize radio transmission and related control between BTS and MS
Figure 3-2 shows the system architecture of BTS312 equipped with TEU and TE

External Alarm Abis CBUS/TBUS/ TDU DBUS TRX BSC E1 TMU TRX Fiber(Optinal) TEU TES PMU TRX
Um TTA TMDU FHBUS TMDU TTA TTA TTA
PSU
TMDU
TTA
TTA
FMU
Common Subsy stem
Signal Processing Subsy stem
Antenna Feeder Subsy stem
TMDU: Trunk Multiple combination and Distribution Unit TRX: Transceiver unit PSU: Power Supply Unit PBU: Power Boost Unit PMU: Power Monitor Unit TDU: Time Distribution Unit FMU: Fan Monitor Unit TEU: Transmission Extension Unit TES: Transmission Extension power Supply unit TEDU: Trunk Enhanced Duplexer Unit
Figure 3-2 BTS312 system architecture The following further explains the above figure: 1)
The boards indicated by dotted blocks are optional: There are 2 TMU slots on BTS312 working in active/standby mode. The standby TMU can be configured as required. TEU and TES, if configured, provide built-in optical transmission. ABB and Abis bypass assistant board (ABA), if configured, provide the Abis bypass function. Because ABB and ABA must be installed in the slots hosting TEU and TES, you have to select one of the two functions.
Generally, the triplex TTA is adopted. TEU is the generic term for boards realizing multiple optical transmission modes. It includes boards access SDH unit (ASU) and passive transmission board (PAT) that provide 155 M SDH and passive optical transmission respectively.
2)
The BTS312 is composed of the following subsystems:
I. Common Subsystem
The common subsystem is composed of boards such as TMU, PSU and PMU. It performs the following functions:
Managing and controlling other subsystems and modules.


Collecting alarm information. Providing multiple basic clocks for other subsystems and modules. Communicating with the O&M system. Processing signaling managing resources. Supplying power to the integrated equipment and providing power monitoring and management. Providing multiple built-in transmission interfaces.
II. Signal Processing Subsystem

The signal processing subsystem is composed of TRX and TMDU boards. It performs the following functions:

Channel encoding and decoding, interleaving and de-interleaving. Speech encryption and decryption. Rate adaptation. Mapping between logical channel and radio channel. Inter-cell handover and intra-cell handover. Signal up/down convert, sampling, filtering and amplification.
III. Antenna and Feeder Subsystem

The antenna and feeder subsystem is composed of antennas, feeders, jumpers, lightning arrester and TTA (optional). It performs the following functions:

Transmitting RF signals. Receiving signals from MS. Amplifying uplink signals received. Preventing damage to the equipment by lightning current.
Chapter 4 Functions
Chapter 4 Functions
4.1 Basic Functions
This section describes the basic functions of the BTS312.
4.1.1 Basic Software Functions

The basic software functions of the BTS312 include:

Support GSM services. Support trunk services such as voice group call service (VGCS) and voice broadcast service (VBS). All data services prescribed in Phase II+. Support general packet radio service (GPRS) basic services. Support Phase I/Phase II /Phase II+ compatible LAPDm protocols. Support CS-1/CS-2/CS-3/CS-4 radio channel coding schemes. Support Phase I/Phase II/ Phase II+ compatible system information broadcasting and resource indication. Support full rate (FR), enhanced full rate (EFR), half rate (HR) data services, and all the other types of FR data services. Support broadcasting short messages and point-to-point short messages Support paging queue. Support A5/1, A5/2 encryption/decryption. Support basic data dynamic configuration. Support dynamic resource management. Support measurement report preprocessing. Support Abis bypass. Support 15:1 signaling multiplexing on the Abis interface. Support BCCH frequency mutual-aid. Immediate assignment combination, paging combination and paging resend functions, boosting the radio channel utilization. Support voice activity detection (VAD) based discontinuous transmission (DTX) and discontinuous reception (DRX). Support omnidirectional cell and directional cell. Support chain, tree, star and ring networking modes. Support locked, fast pull-in, holdover and free run clock modes. Support synchronous, asynchronous handover. Support Um interface tracing and internal interface tracing.


Chapter 4 Functions
Support remote and local loading of software. Support dynamic and static power control. Support satellite transmission and support of 16kbit/s signaling transmission on the Abis interface. Support extended cell functions. Support uplink frequency scanning. Support Huawei power control algorithm II. Support multi-cell configuration with up to 12 cells. Timeslot-based baseband frequency hopping and RF hopping. Support class 3 handsets with large power. Support star, tree, chain and ring networking.

4.1.2 Basic Hardware Functions

Basic hardware functions of BTS312 include:

Support eight E1 ports and twelve antenna feeders ports. Support battery management. Support lightning protection at trunk ports, power ports, and RF ports. Support E1 bypass function after the power-off of the BTS312. Support configuration of the power boost unit (PBU) and enhanced duplexer unit (EDU). Support BTS312 bar code report and software/hardware version report of some boards. Support the TMU auto-check of the central frequency of the crystal oscillator. Support clock backup and switchover of master and slave clocks. Support clock fast pull-in mode. Support E1 self-loop test and RF self-loop test.

4.2 Digital Trunking Function

Huawei GSM-T BTS312 supports the following digital trunking functions:
4.2.1 VGCS
Service subscribers can become group members on a PLMN wide basis to one or more groups pre-defined in the network by a corresponding group identification (group ID). The membership enables them to initiate or receive voice group calls associated with that group ID. Certain dispatchers connected to external networks also require the capability to initiate or receive voice group calls.
Chapter 4 Functions
4.2.2 VBS
Service subscribers can become group members on a PLMN wide basis to one or more groups pre-defined in the network by a corresponding group identification (group ID). The membership enables them to receive voice broadcast calls associated with that group ID. In addition, certain group members are entitled by their subscription to initiate voice broadcast calls. Certain dispatchers connected to external networks also require the capability to initiate or receive voice broadcast calls.
4.2.3 Fast Group Call Setup

The function is based on the eMLPP function. If a group subscribes the service, the system adopts fast group call setup process to set up a group call.
4.2.4 Late Entry

The process of broadcasting messages on NCHs is to be carried out throughout the call in order to provide the facility whereby group members entering the area can join the call.
4.2.5 eMLPP
The enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service (eMLPP) provides different levels of precedence for call set-up and for call continuity in case of handover.
4.2.6 Late Group Channel Assignment

If no channel description was provided in the notification message, the mobile station shall establish a dedicated connection by use of the notification response procedure in order to respond to the notification. The network may then provide the mobile station with a channel description for the voice group call.
4.2.7 Assigned Channel Supervision

When the group call channel has been assigned in a cell, the listener detection is used to detect whether there is listeners in that cell or not, if there is no subscriber in that cell, the group call channel of that cell will be released. The frequency resource can be saved by doing so.
Chapter 4 Functions
4.2.8 Voice Private Call Service

The VPCS (Voice Private Call Service) is the half duplex call between two subscribers originated by the short number or the long number. It is often used for the high frequent and short time speech in the service area.
4.2.9 PTT Preemption

With the PTT preemption function, the subscriber with the higher inter-group priority can preempt the talking right while the subscriber with the lower inter-group priority is talking.
4.2.10 Talker Identification

The Talker identification function is to show the current talking subscribers identity and priority level while the VGCS or VBS is going on.
4.2.11 Half Rate Group Call

The group call channel is TCH/H and the speech codec is VSCELP, since the TCH/F can be divided into two TCH/Hs, so the group call capacity can be doubled by using the TCH/H as the group call channel. This is useful when the GT frequency band is not enough.
4.2.12 Late A Interface CIC Assignment

By late A interface CIC assignment, only the cells in the group call area with intergroup subscribers will occupy A interface circuit, the other cells in the group call area with no inter-group subscriber will not occupy A interface circuit. So the A interface circuits will be saved.
4.2.13 800M Band Supported and 800M Hopping

The BSS supports the T-GSM 800M frequency band: duplex distance is 45MHz. Hopping can decrease the interference effectively. GT800 support the hopping of the group call channel and improve the performance of the anti-interference. 806MHz-821MHz (MS
transmitting, BTS receiving); 851MHz-866MHz (BTS transmitting, MS receiving) the
Chapter 4 Functions
4.2.14 Reserved Channel

The TCH channels can be reserved for a specific Enterprise, only the subscribers in the specific Enterprise can use these TCH channels, other subscribers cannot use these TCH channels, so that the service originated by the specific Enterprise subscriber can get the TCH immediately.
4.2.15 Trunking Emergency Call

The enterprise manager assigns an address for each member of the enterprise, this address can be group ID or one or two common telephone number. When the subscriber originates the trunking emergency call by pushing the emergency call button, the network will connect this emergency call to this emergency address. 1) 2) 3) If this emergency address is a group ID, the network will originate a group call as the subscriber is a dispatcher. If this emergency address is one common telephone number, the network will originate a common point to point call. If this emergency address is two common telephone number, there is two way for the network to connect them, one way is connecting them one by one, the other way is connecting them at the same time,
If the subscriber selects the one by one way, the network will connect to the first number if the network gets answer from the first telephone number. or else the network will try to connect the second telephone number.
If the subscriber selects the at the same time way, the network will try to connect these two common telephone numbers at the same time, and it will connect to the telephone number which answer first, and the other telephone number will be released.
4.2.16 Fall Back

When the transmission is interrupted between BTS and BSC, the BTS will work in fall back mode. BTS with fall back mode will support base function like VGCS, VBS, uplink time limit. The fall back mode support one cell or multi-cell in the BTS. When the transmission is ok, the fall back BTS will work like normal.
4.2.17 Stand Alone

The BTS can work without BSC and NSS. The BTS in stand alone mode can support VGCS, VBS.
Chapter 4 Functions
4.3 Networking Functions

BTS312 has flexible networking modes. It can support multiple transmission modes: E1, SDH, HDSL, microwave and satellite transmission.
4.3.1 E1 Networking
When networked via E1, BTS312 supports star, tree, chain and ring networking. E1 networking is shown in Figure 4-1, Figure 4-2, Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4, where each line indicates a bi-directional E1 line.
I. Star Networking
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
Figure 4-1 BTS312 E1 star networking
II. Tree Networking
BTS
BTS BTS BSC BTS
Figure 4-2 BTS312 E1 tree networking
Chapter 4 Functions
III. Chain Networking
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
Figure 4-3 BTS312 E1 chain networking
IV. Ring Networking
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
Figure 4-4 BTS312 E1 ring networking
4.3.2 SDH Networking

When networked through SDH, BTS312 supports chain and ring networking. SDH networking is shown in Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6, where each line indicates an E1, and each pair of lines indicates a pair of optical fibers.
I. Chain Networking
BSC
Optical Transceiver
BTS
BTS
Figure 4-5 BTS312 SDH chain networking
II. Ring Networking
BSC
Optical Transceiver
BTS
BTS
BTS
Figure 4-6 BTS312 SDH ring networking
Chapter 4 Functions
4.3.3 Satellite Transmission Networking

In areas lacking transportation facilities, ordinary BTS cannot satisfy transmission requirements due to restriction of conventional transmission technology. Therefore, GSM services cannot be provided. Adopting the satellite transmission networking mode in these areas will make the transmission effective and economic. Figure 4-7 shows the satellite transmission networking.
Satellite
To MSC BSC BTS
BTS
BTS BTS
Figure 4-7 Satellite networking Technical difficulties of satellite transmission networking are related to the inherent characteristics of satellite transmission, such as long transmission delay, low stability of transmission link, etc. To solve these problems, Huawei adopts delay, synchronization and bit error solutions to guarantee the service quality of satellite transmission.
4.4 Radio Network Functions

4.4.1 Main Diversity Receiving
A radio channel is a random time-variable channel with fading features. The diversity receiving technology is an effective anti-fading technology. Radio signals that are transmitted to the receiver through radio channels are combination of various multipath components. These signals carry the same message and features irrelevant
Chapter 4 Functions
random fading characteristics. With the diversity receiving technology, these signals can be combined into general receiving signals to diminish the impact caused by fading. The diversity receiving methods include frequency diversity, time diversity, polarization diversity and space diversity. BTS312 uses polarization diversity, space diversity and frequency diversity to diminish signal fading.
4.4.2 Frequency Hopping

Frequency hopping is an important method to improve the performance of a BTS. It can improve the anti-fading capability of uplink and downlink channels, and can improve the security in communications. BTS312 can provide baseband frequency hopping and RF hopping. RF hopping adopts dynamic loop bandwidth technology and PingPong handover technology to realize real time switchover between two frequency synthesizers. When frequency hopping is not performed, one channel of the transceiver local oscillator is reserved to raise system reliability.
4.4.3 Power Control

When the distance between the MS and BTS312 changes, the BSC adjusts the transmit power of BTS312 accordingly. Each level of power control adopts the automatic power control (APC) technology to minimize the power error at each level. When the timeslot is idle, the BSC will command BTS312 to close the transmit power of the timeslot because there is no downlink signal. Power control can raise the efficiency of the transmitter and the reliability of power amplifier, and minimize the interference of the transmitter. There are 11 BTS312 static power levels: level 0 to 10, descending with 2 dB per level. The maximum output power of BTS is level 0. For example, in the case the maximum output power of BTS30 is 40 W, level 0 corresponds to 46 dBm, while level 10 corresponds to 26 dBm. BTS dynamic power control is fine-tune based on static power control. There are 15 BTS312 dynamic power control levels: level 0 to 15, in descending sequence, where level 0 is the same as that of static power control level. If the "current maximum transmit power" is Pm, the range of dynamic power control is Pm to (Pm - 30) dBm. When dynamic power control reaches the maximum but still cannot meet the requirement, the static power control should be adjusted so as to raise the maximum output power of dynamic power control.
Chapter 4 Functions
4.4.4 Discontinuous Transmission

There are two transmission modes in the GSM system:
One is the normal mode, in which noise has the same transmission quality as voice. The other is discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode, in which MS only sends the encoded background noise that is called "comfortable noise".
The utilization of DTX can meet the requirement for system measurement and can make the called feel that the call is not disconnected. BTS312 adopts voice activation detection (VAD) technology to distinguish voice from noise.
Chapter 5 O&M System

5.1 O&M Architecture
5.1.1 Overview
As shown in Figure 5-1, BTS can provide two maintenance modes:

Local maintenance Remote maintenance

OMC Server
is
MMI Local Maintenance Console MMI Remote Maintenance Console

Ab
BTS
Ab is
BSC Remote Maintenance Console Hub
BTS
Figure 5-1 BTS O&M structure
5.1.2 Local Maintenance

Local maintenance refers to the maintenance mode in which PCs are connected to BTS through serial port cables and implement maintenance operations to the BTS, as shown in Figure 5-1. The local maintenance console can only be accessed after the local maintenance software is loaded to PCs. The BTS local maintenance is carried out based on different logical objects of the BTS, including site, cell, carrier, and baseband. Direct operations can also be performed on boards. Real-time alarm messages can be obtained at the same time.
5.1.3 Remote Maintenance

Remote maintenance is performed through OMC. PCs are connected to BSC via OMC network and are connected subsequently to BTS via the Abis interface, as shown in Figure 5-1. The remote maintenance console can only be accessed via OMC Shell of the workstation (WS). The user interface of the BTS remote maintenance console uses topological structure, where names, categories, locations, numbers, equipment types and running states (normal, alarm, etc.) of all NEs in the mobile network can be browsed. You can specify an NE to be maintained and check its detailed performance data, alarm data and configuration data. You can also implement operations and maintenance on certain types of NEs through the topological map.
5.2 O&M Functions

The BTS312 O&M system provides powerful O&M functions to meet your requirements in equipment performance and maintenance. These functions include:

Security management Alarm management Maintenance management Performance measurement and test
5.2.1 Security Management

Various remote maintenance operations can be implemented through the O&M system. The system provides powerful security management to execute O&M control over the equipment in order to avoid unauthorized operations that may affect normal performance of the equipment. To perform operations and maintenance on the BTS, you have to log in and go through authentication. The system provides an authorization system on multiple levels to ensure that only authorized users can execute relevant commands for O&M. Meanwhile, dialog boxes are prompted before any important O&M command is executed to get confirmation for the potential problems due to the operations.
5.2.2 Alarm Management

The BTS O&M system provides highlighted alarm windows and powerful real-time alarm management functions, such as collection, clearing, query, processing, saving, explanation, prompting, shielding, filtering, acknowledging, and analyzing. Besides, it
provides an on-line help information system and stage filtering system to help you quickly locate faults. It also provides alarm recovery methods.
5.2.3 Maintenance Management

The operation & maintenance center (OMC) implements management over the whole BSS through BSC. For the OMC, the BTS is highly visible. BTS can check and locate internal errors so that BSC can implement maintenance to it without knowing the internal structure of each BTS.
5.2.4 Performance Measurement and Test

The O&M system can implement performance measurement and test to the entities so as to collect BTS running states data and perform accurate analysis on the running states.
Chapter 6 Reliability Design

6.1 System Reliability Design
6.1.1 Rating-Lowering Design
The strict rating-lowering design is applied to power and easily overheated devices to make the electrical stress and temperature stress in practical utilization lower than the set rating. This postpones the degradation of parameters and prolongs their life span.
6.1.2 Heat Design

Through parts selection, circuit design, structure design, and heat dissipation design, the impact of temperature change on product performance is reduced and reliable operation of the product in a wider temperature range is ensured.
6.1.3 EMC Design

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design prevents equipment from inhibited degradation caused by electromagnetic transmission of other equipment in the same electromagnetic environment. It also prevents other equipment, subsystems, and systems in the same electromagnetic environment from inhibited degradation caused by the electromagnetic transmission of the equipment.
6.1.4 System Fault Monitoring and Handling

The system can auto-test and diagnose software and hardware fault, and report alarms. It can record and output the fault records for print. It collects environment conditions and report alarms when it detects problems. When TMU is faulty, the system can test the major faults and report alarms while keeping the communication between BTS and BSC.
6.1.5 System Fault Protection

A fault of any module will not lead to destructive fault of other modules. Major faults can be reported in time.
6.1.6 System Maintainability Design

Reasonable BTS internal cabling facilitates board replacement during fault handling. During board replacement, you can only disconnect the cables of the faulty boards. When replacing boards, main boards can be plugged in or pulled out from the front of the cabinet. By indicator states, you can judge whether the equipment operation is normal.
6.1.7 Running Environment Protection Design

The system provides the following functions for the PSU and the transmit power equipment:

Input over- and under-voltage protection Output over-voltage protection Output short-circuited protection Output overload protection Excess temperature protection
For the DC input transmit power, it has input reverse polarity protection to guarantee system safety.
6.2 Hardware Reliability Design

6.2.1 Board Coding Key Design
When a functional board is mistakenly inserted into the slot of the functional board of another kind, the mistakenly inserted board cannot make normal contact with the backplane. The coding key is adopted to protect the equipment against damage.
6.2.2 Power System Reliability Design

Distributed power supply for load is adopted inside the system. The key power supply path, AC/DC part, adopts N+1 backup working mode. If one of the modules in AC/DC part is faulty, alarm information can be sent to the BAM, and onsite hot swappable replacement is supported.
6.2.3 Abis Communication Bypass Design

When BTS is in chain networking environment and its power fails, the Abis transmission bypass board in the BTS can bypass the transmission line of the TMU
board internally, hence avoiding long-time service disruption of all the sites under this BTS.
6.3 Software Reliability Design

6.3.1 Scheduled Check of Key Resources
For software resources in the system, the verifying mechanism for long-time occupation is applied among the modules. In case of resources unavailable due to software exception, the verifying mechanism can ensure the release of unavailable resources and the output of various logs and alarms.
6.3.2 Fault Isolation Feature

Software design features module fault isolation. The error in some software module is only restricted in the module and does not lead to fault in other software modules. The software can tolerate faults and correct errors. Abnormal operation of minor software does not cause system restart or reset.
6.3.3 Data Check

Consistency check of user input data guarantees the correctness of reference relation among the data. When the system detects data modification failure in some stage, it will restore the related data to the initial state for data consistency.
6.3.4 Process Monitoring

During software operations, output channels are provided for internal software errors and part of hardware errors, which is defined as the process monitoring mechanism. This mechanism can monitor the running state of tasks, handle system abnormalities and report to the external devices.
Chapter 7 Technical Specifications

7.1 Engineering Specifications of BTS312 Cabinet
Table 7-1 BTS312 cabinet engineering specifications Parameter name Height Cabinet dimensions Width Depth Weight Power consumption Working environment temperature Working environment relative humidity Specifications 1880 mm 650 mm 500 mm
330 kg (a single cabinet under full configuration) 2400 W (a single cabinet under full configuration) -5C to +45C 15% to 85% Frequency: 1.3 % 10 Hz, with precision higher than 0.05 ppm at delivery
7
Clock
Temperature drift: < !5 % 10 (0C to 70C) Annual aging rate:< !1 % 10

-7
-8
220 V AC: 150 V AC to 280 V AC/47 Hz to 63 Hz. Input power -48 V DC -40 V DC to -60 V DC 24 V DC: 19 V DC to 29 V DC Security Earthquake-proof performance EMC In compliance with IEC60950 standard In compliance with IEC Class 4M3 standard In compliance with ETS 300-342-3 related standard
7.2 Performance Specifications of BTS312 Cabinet

Table 7-2 Performance specifications of BTS312 cabinet Performance classification Parameter name Channel capacity 16CH/TRX R-GSM 900: Uplink: 876 MHz to 915 MHz Downlink: 921 MHz to 960 MHz System indices DCS 1800: Frequency band Uplink: 1,710 MHz to 1,785 MHz Downlink: 1,805 MHz to1,880 MHz T-GSM 800: Uplink: 806 MHz to 821 MHz Downlink: 851 MHz to 866 MHz R-GSM 900: -110 dBm Static receive sensitivity DCS 1800: -109 dBm T-GSM: -110 dBm Block feature Receiving performance Anti-interference feature Intermodulation suppression Stray radiation Satisfies requirement of GSM11.21 protocol Satisfies requirement of GSM11.21 protocol Satisfies requirement of GSM11.21 protocol Satisfies requirement of GSM11.21 protocol 900M:
Specifications
TRX: 46.0 dBm to 47.3 dBm TRX+PBU: 48 dBm to 50 dBm TRX: 45.5 dBm to 46.7 dBm TRX+PBU: 48 dBm to 50.5 dBm
Transmitting performance
Nominal value of transmit power of each TRX
1800M:

Absolute transmit power precision
2 ! 0.5 dB (temperature within normal range) 2 ! 1 dB (temperature out of normal range)
Performance classification
Parameter name Static power control range Dynamic power control range Transmit spectrum Intermodulation suppression Stray radiation Frequency error Phase error Level 0 to 10 Level 0 to 15
Specifications
Satisfies requirement of GSM11.21 protocol Satisfies requirement of GSM11.21 protocol Satisfies requirement of GSM11.21 protocol 0.05 ppm 5 (rms) 20 (peak)
7.3 External Physical Interfaces

Table 7-3 External physical interfaces of BTS312 Interface Type Quantity
Function realized Provides 75 ohm/120 ohm E1 interface Supports cascading Provides O&M link (OML) Provides SDH optical transmission interface Supports cascading Provides OML
E1 Abis interface STM-1
8 pairs

2 pairs

FCLK Clock interface (CLK) Maintenance interface 13 MCLK SYNC MMI Serial port
1 1 1 1 3 power input modes 1
FCLK test port 13 MHz clock test port External synchronization input end (satellite) Provides local maintenance channel

-48 V DC input power +24 V DC input power 220 V AC input power
Power and grounding
Power supply Grounding
PGND
Interface Feeder cable interface
Type RF signal Data bus interface
Quantity 12 2 2
Function realized Feeder input port Data bus interface DCF1 and DCF2 Combined cabinet clock bus interface CKB1 and CKB2 CDU combined cabinet cascading interface
Combined cabinet interface
Clock bus interface Combined cabinet cascading interface
Management signal interface
Alarm
External alarm interface EAC1 and EAC2 Can be connected environment monitor to
Storage battery management
Connects to storage power pool signal PWRC

01 System Description

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Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

7.3 External Physical Interfaces .............................................................................................. 7-3

Huawei Technologies Proprietary iii

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

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Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 2 Product Features

Chapter 2 Product Features

2.1.1 Integrated RF Component Technology

2.1.2 Mature RF Technology

2.1.3 Advanced E-Abis Technology

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 2 Product Features

2.1.4 Powerful O&M Functions

2.2 Advantages of BTS312 Applications

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 2 Product Features

2.2.2 Cost Reduction

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 2-3

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 3 Product Introduction

Chapter 3 Product Introduction

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Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 3 Product Introduction

Switch Box Fan Box T M D U T T T R R R X X X

Figure 3-1 Typical configuration of BTS312

3.2 Board Description Table

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-2

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 3 Product Introduction

3.3 BTS312 System Architecture

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Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 3 Product Introduction

Um TTA TMDU FHBUS TMDU TTA TTA TTA

Common Subsy stem

Signal Processing Subsy stem

Antenna Feeder Subsy stem

The BTS312 is composed of the following subsystems:

Managing and controlling other subsystems and modules.

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 3 Product Introduction

II. Signal Processing Subsystem

III. Antenna and Feeder Subsystem

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-5

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

4.1.1 Basic Software Functions

Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

4.1.2 Basic Hardware Functions

4.2 Digital Trunking Function

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Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

4.2.3 Fast Group Call Setup

4.2.4 Late Entry

4.2.6 Late Group Channel Assignment

4.2.7 Assigned Channel Supervision

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Technical Manual System Description M900/M1800 BTS312 Base Transceiver Station

4.2.8 Voice Private Call Service

4.2.9 PTT Preemption

4.2.10 Talker Identification