Vital Signs Table

Pulse Descriptors: regular, irregular, strong or weak Adult Infants age 1 to 12 months 60 to 100 beats per minute 100 to 120 Children age 1 to 8 years 80 to 100

Neonates age 1 to 28 days 120 to 160 Blood pressure Systolic Adult 90 to 140 mmHg Diastolic 60 to 90 mmHg

Children age 1 to 8 80 to 110 mmHg years Infants age 1 to 12 70 to 95 mmHg months Neonates age 1 to 28 days Respirations Descriptors: normal, shallow, labored, noisy, Kussmaul Adult (normal) 12 to 20 breaths per minute >60 mmHg

Children age 1 to 8 15 to 30 years Infants age 1 to 12 25 to 50 months Neonates age 1 to 28 days 40 to 60

Vital signs by age Adult vital signs Pulse 60 to 100 beats per minute

Blood pressure 90 to 140 mmHg (systolic) 60 to 90 mmHg (diastolic) Respirations 12 to 20 breaths per minute

Child vital signs (age 1 to 8 years) Pulse 80 to 100 beats per minute

Blood pressure 80 to 110 mmHg systolic Respirations 15 to 30 breaths per minute

Infant vital signs Pulse 100 to 140 beats per minute

Blood pressure 70 to 95 mmHg systolic Respirations 25 to 50 breaths per minute

Neonatal vital signs (full-term, <28 days) Pulse 120 to 160 beats per minute 40 to 60 breaths per minute

Blood pressure >60 mmHg systolic Respirations

Lung sounds Crackles or rales Wheezing Stridor Rhonchi crackling or rattling sounds high-pitched whistling expirations harsh, high-pitched inspirations coarse, gravelly sounds

Pulse oximetry Range Normal Mild hypoxia Value Treatment 95 to None or placebic 100% 91 to 94% Give oxygen Give 100% oxygen

Moderate 86 to hypoxia 90% Severe hypoxia

< 85% Give 100% oxygen w/ positive pressure

Glasgow Coma Scale ADULT Eye opening Spontaneous To speech To pain No response Best motor response Obeys verbal command INFANT E Eye opening 4 Spontaneous 3 To speech 2 To pain 1 No response M Best motor response 6 Normal movements

Localizes pain Flexion withdraws from pain Flexion abnormal Extension No response Best verbal response Oriented and converses Disoriented and converses Inappropriate words

5 Localizes pain 4 Withdraws from pain 3 Flexion abnormal 2 Extension 1 No response V Best verbal response 5 Coos, babbles 4 Cries but consolable 3 Persistently irritable

Incomprehensible 2 Grunts to sounds pain/restless No response

1 No response

E + M + V = 3 to 15 90% less than or equal to 8 are in coma Greater than or equal to 9 not in coma 8 is the critical score Less than or equal to 8 at 6 hours 50% die 9-11 = moderate severity Greater than or equal to 12 = minor injury

Coma is defined as not opening eyes, not obeying commands, and not uttering understandable words.

Apgar Scale (evaluate @ 1 and 5 minutes postpartum) Sign A Activity (muscle tone) P Pulse 2 Active 1 0

Arms and Absent legs flexed <100 bpm Absent No response

>100 bpm

G Grimace Sneezes, Grimaces (reflex coughs, irritability) pulls away

A Appearance Normal Normal Cyanotic (skin color) over except or pale entire extremities all over body R Respirations Good, crying Slow, irregular Absent

Pain scale The 0-10 pain scale is becoming known as the fifth vital sign in hospital, prehospital and outpatient care. Patients are asked to rate their pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the most intense pain imaginable), and a quantitative measure is taken.