Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hazardous
A Guide for Small Businesses
Waste
1EPA
United States Solid Waste and EPA530-K-01-005
Environmental Protection Emergency Response December 2001
Agency (5305W) www.epa.gov/osw
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
13 Preventing Accidents
14 Responding to Emergencies
18 Export Notification
18 Closure
ii
INTRODUCTION TIP
oes your business generate (1) Conditionally exempt small
D hazardous waste? Many small
businesses do. If you need help
quantity generators (CESQGs),
which generate less than 220 Y ou can look up unfamiliar
words, phrases, or
understanding which federal haz- lbs (100 kg) per month. acronyms in the list of defini-
ardous waste management regula- tions found on page 26.
(2) Small quantity generators
tions apply to your business, this
(SQGs), which generate
handbook is for you. It has been
between 220 lbs (100 kg) and
prepared by the U.S. Environmen-
2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) per
tal Protection Agency (EPA) to help hazardous waste regulations. In
month.
small-business owners and opera- some of these states, the require-
tors understand how best to com- (3) Large quantity generators ments are the same as the federal
ply with federal hazardous waste (LQGs), which generate more standards and definitions. Other
management regulations. than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) per states, however, have developed
month. more stringent requirements than
This handbook provides an
Each category of generator must the federal program. If this is the
overview of the regulations to give
comply with the hazardous waste case in your state, you must com-
you a basic understanding of your
rules specific to that category. This ply with the state regulations. To
responsibilities. It should not be
handbook is intended primarily for become familiar with your state’s
used as a substitute for the actual
businesses that generate a small requirements, consult your state
requirements. All of the federal
quantity of hazardous waste (SQGs hazardous waste agency. For the
hazardous waste regulations are
and CESQGs) to help them learn address or phone number for your
located in Title 40 of the Code of
about regulations that apply to state agency, contact the RCRA
Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts
them. Call Center at 800 424-9346 or
260 to 299 (www.epa.gov/
TDD 800 553-7672.
epacfr40). This handbook explains only the
EPA defines three categories of federal requirements for hazardous
hazardous waste generators based waste management. Many states
upon the quantity of hazardous have their own hazardous waste
waste they generate per month: regulations based on the federal
Federal hazardous waste burning solvents for fuel) might be demonstrates one or more of
considered waste. the following characteristics:
management regulations
Hazardous waste can be one of 䊳 Itcatches fire under certain
apply to most businesses two types: conditions. This is known as
that generate hazardous 䊳䊳 Listed waste. Your waste is
an ignitable waste. Examples
are paints and certain
waste. To determine if considered hazardous if it
degreasers and solvents.
appears on one of four lists
these regulations apply to
published in the Code of 䊳 Itcorrodes metals or has a
your business, you must Federal Regulations (40 CFR very high or low pH. This is
first determine if you even Part 261). Currently, more known as a corrosive waste.
than 500 wastes are listed. Examples are rust removers,
generate hazardous Wastes are listed as haz- acid or alkaline cleaning flu-
waste. ardous because they are ids, and battery acid.
known to be harmful to human
䊳 Itis unstable and explodes
health and the environment
Defining Hazardous Waste or produces toxic fumes,
when not managed properly.
gases, and vapors when
waste is any solid, liquid, or con-
A tained gaseous material that is
discarded by being disposed of,
Even when managed properly,
some listed wastes are so
mixed with water or under
other conditions such as
dangerous that they are called heat or pressure. This is
burned or incinerated, or recycled.
acutely hazardous wastes. known as a reactive waste.
(There are some exceptions for recy-
Examples of acutely haz- Examples are certain
cled materials.) It can be the by-
ardous wastes include wastes cyanides or sulfide-bearing
product of a manufacturing process
generated from some pesti- wastes.
or simply a commercial product that
cides and that can be fatal to
you use in your business—such as 䊳 Itis harmful or fatal when
humans even in low doses.
a cleaning fluid or battery acid—and ingested or absorbed, or it
that is being disposed of. Even 䊳䊳 Characteristic wastes. If your leaches toxic chemicals into
materials that are recyclable or can waste does not appear on the soil or ground water when
be reused in some way (such as one of the hazardous waste disposed of on land. This is
lists, it still might be known as a toxic waste.
considered hazardous if it Examples are wastes that
contain high concentrations
of heavy metals, such as cad-
Determine if you generate hazardous waste mium, lead, or mercury.
in the first place. You can determine if your waste is
Measure the amount of hazardous waste that toxic by having it tested using the
you produce per month. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP), or by simply need to measure the amount of lbs (100 kg) of acutely hazardous
knowing that your waste is haz- waste you produce per month. The waste spill residues) in a calendar
ardous or that your processes gen- amount of hazardous waste you month, and never store more than
erate hazardous waste. For more generate determines your genera- that amount for any period of time,
information about the TCLP and tor category. you may manage the acutely haz-
other test methods, contact the ardous waste according to the
Many hazardous wastes are liquids
RCRA Call Center or the Methods CESQG requirements. If you gener-
and are measured in gallons—not
Information Communication ate or store more than 2.2 lbs
pounds. In order to measure your
Exchange (MICE) at 703 676-4690 (1kg) of acutely hazardous waste
liquid wastes, you will need to con-
or <www.epa.gov/sw-846>. on site, you must manage it
vert from gallons to pounds. To do
according to the LQG requirements
this, you must know the density of
Identifying Your Waste (see below).
the liquid. A rough guide is that 30
o help you identify some of the
T waste streams common to your
business, consult the table on
gallons (about half of a 55-gallon
drum) of waste with a density simi-
SQGs:
Small Quantity Generators: You
lar to water weighs about 220 are considered an SQG if you gen-
page 4 to find a list of typical haz- pounds (100 kg); 300 gallons of a erate between 220 and 2,200 lbs
ardous wastes generated by small waste with a density similar to (100 and 1,000 kg) per month of
businesses. Use the insert in the water weighs about 2,200 lbs hazardous waste. SQGs must com-
middle of this handbook for a (1,000 kg). ply with EPA requirements for man-
more detailed listing of the EPA aging hazardous waste described
EPA has established three genera-
waste codes associated with these in this document.
tor categories, as follows, each of
waste streams to determine if your
which is regulated differently: LQGs:
waste is hazardous. Commercial
Large Quantity Generators: You
chemical products that are discard- CESQGs:
are considered an LQG if you gen-
ed might also become hazardous Conditionally Exempt Small
erate more than 2,200 lbs (1,000
waste. For a complete listing of Quantity Generators: You are con-
kg) per month of hazardous waste.
hazardous waste codes, see 40 sidered a CESQG if you generate
LQGs must comply with more
CFR Part 261. less than 220 lbs (100 kg) per
extensive hazardous waste rules
month of hazardous waste. You
If your waste is hazardous, you will than those summarized in this
are exempt from hazardous waste
need to manage it according to handbook. See page 21 for an
management regulations provided
appropriate federal regulations. overview.
that you comply with the basic
Finding Your Generator requirements described on page 6.
Category If you are a CESQG and you gener-
nce you know that you gener- ate no more than 2.2 lbs (1 kg) of
O ate hazardous waste, you acutely hazardous waste (or 220
3
TYPICAL HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED BY SMALL BUSINESSES
TYPE OF BUSINESS HOW GENERATED TYPICAL WASTES WASTE CODES
Drycleaning and Commercial drycleaning Still residues from solvent distilla- D001, D039, F002, F005, U210
Laundry Plants processes tion, spent filter cartridges, cooked
powder residue, spent solvents,
unused perchloroethylene
Furniture/Wood Wood cleaning and wax removal, Ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, D001, F001-F005
Manufacturing and refinishing/stripping, staining, paint- solvent wastes, paint wastes
Refinishing ing, finishing, brush cleaning and
spray brush cleaning
Construction Paint preparation and painting, car- Ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, D001, D002, F001-F005
pentry and floor work, other special- solvent wastes, paint wastes, used
ty contracting activities, heavy oil, acids/bases
construction, wrecking and demoli-
tion, vehicle and equipment mainte-
nance for construction activities
Laboratories Diagnostic and other laboratory Spent solvents, unused reagents, D001, D002, D003, F001-F005, U211
testing reaction products, testing samples,
contaminated materials
Vehicle Degreasing, rust removal, paint Acids/bases, solvents, ignitable D001, D002, D006, D007, D008,
Maintenance preparation, spray booth, spray wastes, toxic wastes, paint wastes, D035, F001-F005, U002, U080, U134,
guns, brush cleaning, paint removal, batteries, used oil, unused cleaning U154, U159, U161, U220, U228,
tank cleanout, installing lead-acid chemicals U239
batteries, oil and fluid replacement
Printing and Allied Plate preparation, stencil prepara- Acids/bases, heavy metal wastes, D002, D006, D008, D011, D019,
Industries tion for screen printing, photopro- solvents, toxic wastes, ink, unused D035, D039, D040, D043, F001-F005,
cessing, printing, cleanup chemicals U002, U019, U043, U055, U056,
U069, U080, U112, U122, U154,
U159, U161, U210, U211, U220,
U223, U226, U228, U239, U259,
U359
Equipment Repair Degreasing, equipment cleaning, Acids/bases, toxic wastes, D001, D002, D006, D008, F001-F005
rust removal, paint preparation, ignitable wastes, paint wastes,
painting, paint removal, spray booth, solvents
spray guns, and brush cleaning.
Pesticide End- Pesticide application and cleanup Used/unused pesticides, solvent D001, F001-F005, U129, U136, P094,
Users/Application wastes, ignitable wastes, contami- P123
Services nated soil (from spills), contaminat-
ed rinsewater, empty containers
Educational and Automobile engine and body repair, Ignitable wastes, solvent wastes, D001, D002, F001-F005
Vocational Shops metalworking, graphic arts-plate acids/bases, paint wastes
preparation, woodworking
Photo Processing Processing and developing nega- Acid regenerants, cleaners, D001, D002, D007, D011
tives/prints, stabilization system ignitable wastes, silver
cleaning
Leather Hair removal, bating, soaking, Acids/bases, ignitables wastes, D001, D002, D003, D007, D035,
Manufacturing tanning, buffing, and dyeing toxic wastes, solvent wastes, F001-F005, U159, U228, U220
unused chemicals
4
TIP
UNIVERSAL WASTES
䊳䊳 Agricultural pesticides that have been recalled or
T he Universal Waste Rule was written to streamline envi-
ronmental regulations for wastes generated by large
numbers of businesses in relatively small quantities. It is
banned from use, are obsolete, have become dam-
aged, or are no longer needed due to changes in
designed to reduce the amount of hazardous waste dis- cropping patterns or other factors. They often are
posed of in municipal solid waste, encourage the recycling stored for long periods of time in sheds or barns.
and proper disposal of certain common hazardous wastes, 䊳䊳 Thermostats, which can contain as much as 3 grams
and reduce the regulatory burden for businesses that gen- of liquid mercury and are located in almost any build-
erate these wastes. ing, including commercial, industrial, agricultural, com-
Universal wastes are items commonly thrown into the munity, and household buildings.
trash by households and small businesses. Although han- 䊳䊳 Lamps, which typically contain mercury and some-
dlers of universal wastes can meet less stringent stan- times lead, and are found in businesses and house-
dards for storing, transporting, and collecting these holds. Examples include fluorescent, high-intensity
wastes, handlers must still comply with the full hazardous discharge (HID), neon, mercury vapor, high-pressure
waste requirements for final recycling, treatment, or dis- sodium, and metal halide lamps.
posal. By providing a waste management structure that
removes these wastes from municipal landfills and inciner- Materials are continually added to the Universal Waste list;
ators, this rule ensures stronger safeguards for public check <www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/id/univwast.htm>
health and the environment. for the latest information.
Universal wastes include: The Universal Waste Rule also encourages communities
and businesses to establish collection programs or partici-
䊳䊳 Batteries, such as nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) and small pate in manufacturer take-back programs required by a
sealed lead-acid batteries, which are found in many number of states. Many large manufacturers and trade
common items, including electronic equipment, cell associations are already planning national and regional col-
phones, portable computers, and emergency backup lection programs for their universal waste products.
lighting.
For more information, see 40 CFR Part 273.
5
WHAT DO YOU MEASURE TO DETERMINE YOUR GENERATOR CATEGORY?
6
CESQG
If you generate no more time. Finally, you must ensure such as certain batteries,
delivery of your hazardous waste recalled and collected pesti-
than 220 lbs (100 kg) of to an off-site treatment or disposal cides, or mercury-containing
hazardous waste per facility that is one of the following, thermostats or lamps.)
or, if you treat or dispose of your
month, you are a
hazardous waste on
Conditionally Exempt site, your facility
Small Quantity Generator also most be: STATE REQUIREMENTS
䊳䊳 A state or fed- ome states have additional requirements
(CESQG). You must comply
with three basic waste
erally regulated
hazardous
S for CESQGs. For example, some states
require CESQGs to follow some of the SQG
management requirements waste manage- requirements such as obtaining an EPA identifi-
ment treat- cation number, or complying with storage stan-
to remain exempt from the ment, storage, dards. See page 14 for SQG storage
full hazardous waste regu- or disposal requirements.
facility.
lations that apply to gener-
䊳䊳 A facility permitted, licensed,
ators of larger quantities Suggestion:
or registered by a state to
(SQGs and LQGs). manage municipal or industri- It’s a good idea to call the appro-
al solid waste. priate state agency to verify that
the treatment, storage, and dispos-
(Note: there are different 䊳䊳 A facility that uses, reuses, or
al facility (TSDF) you have selected
legitimately recycles the
quantity limits for acutely has any necessary permits, etc.
waste (or treats the waste
You also may want to see that the
hazardous waste.) prior to use, reuse, or
facility fits into one of the above
recycling).
categories. (It’s a good idea to
irst, you must identify all haz-
F ardous waste that you gener-
ate. Second, you may not store
䊳䊳 A universal waste handler or
destination facility subject to
the universal waste require-
document such calls for your
records.)
more than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) of ments of 40 CFR Part 273.
hazardous waste on site at any (Universal wastes are wastes
7
SQG
9
SQG
10
TIP
he easiest and most cost-effective way of managing any waste is not to generate it in the first place. You
T can decrease the amount of hazardous waste your business produces by developing a few “good house-
keeping” habits. Good housekeeping procedures generally save businesses money, and they prevent acci-
dents and waste. To help reduce the amount of waste you generate, try the following practices at your
business.
䊳䊳 Do not mix wastes. Do not taken waste minimization 䊳䊳 Make a good faith effort.
mix nonhazardous waste with actions such as using fewer SQGs do not have to docu-
hazardous waste. Once you solvents to do the same job, ment their waste minimiza-
mix anything with listed haz- using solvents that are less tion activities or create a
ardous waste, the whole toxic, or switching to a deter- waste minimization plan. You
batch becomes hazardous. gent solution. do, however, need to certify
Mixing waste can also make on your manifests that you
䊳䊳 Safely store hazardous prod-
recycling very difficult, if not have made a good faith
ucts and containers. You
impossible. A typical example effort to minimize waste gen-
can avoid creating more haz-
of mixing wastes would be eration when you send your
ardous waste by preventing
putting nonhazardous clean- waste off site.
spills or leaks. Store haz-
ing agents in a container of
ardous product and waste
used hazardous solvents.
containers in secure areas,
䊳䊳 Change materials, process- and inspect them frequently
es, or both. Businesses can for leaks. When leaks or
save money and increase spills occur, materials used
efficiency by replacing a to clean them also become
material or a process with hazardous waste.
another that produces less
waste. For example, you
could use plastic blast
media for paint stripping of
metal parts rather than con-
ventional solvent stripping.
12
SQG
13
SQG
14
SQG
Worksheet 1 Fill in and post this information next to your telephone.
✂
Worksheet 2 Fill in and post this information next to your telephone. Make sure all employees read and are familiar
with its contents.
Call the fire department and, if safe, Our U.S. EPA identification number:
attempt to extinguish the fire using __________________________________________________________________
a fire extinguisher.
Date of accident __________________________________________________
In the event of a fire, explosion, or
Time of accident __________________________________________________
other release that could threaten
human health outside the facility, or Type of accident (e.g., spill or fire) __________________________________
if you know that the spill has Quantity of hazardous waste involved ________________________________
reached surface water:
Extent of injuries, if any ____________________________________________
✂
15
SQG
16
SQG
Preparing Hazardous Waste mation on the type and quantity of rent manifest form so that the
Manifests the waste being transported, same form may be used by waste
instructions for handling the handlers nationwide. Other antici-
he Hazardous Waste Manifest
T System is a set of forms,
reports, and procedures designed
waste, and signatures of all par-
ties involved in the off-site treat-
pated changes include improved
tracking procedures and an option
ments, recycling, storage, or to complete, send, and store the
to seamlessly track hazardous
disposal process. Each party also mainfest information electronically.
waste from the time it leaves the
must retain a copy of the mani-
generator until it reaches the off-
fest. This process ensures critical Land Disposal Restrictions
site waste management facility
accountability in the transportation (LDR) Reporting
that will store, treat, or dispose of
and disposal process. Once the Requirements
the hazardous waste. The system
waste reaches its destination, the egardless of where the waste
allows the waste generator to
verify that its waste has been prop-
receiving facility returns a signed
copy of the manifest to the genera-
R is being sent, the initial ship-
ment of waste subject to LDRs
erly delivered and that no waste
tor, confirming that the waste has must be sent to a receiving TSDF
has been lost or unaccounted for
been received. or recycler along with an LDR
in the process.
At press time, the Uniform notice. You must send an addition-
The key component of this system
Hazardous Waste Manifest system al LDR notice if your waste or
is the Uniform Hazardous Waste
is in the process of being updated receiving facility changes. This
Manifest, which is a multipart form
and modernized. Please check the notice must provide information
prepared by most generators that
Internet at www.epa.gov/ about your waste, such as the EPA
transport hazardous waste for off-
epaoswer/hazwaste/gener/ hazardous waste code and the
site treatment, recycling, storage,
manifest/index.htm. LDR treatment standard. The pur-
or disposal. The manifest is
pose of this notice is to let the
required by both the DOT and EPA. EPA expects to standardize the
TSDF know that the waste must
When completed, it contains infor- content and appearance of the cur-
17
SQG
18
SQG
For help in choosing a transporter or TSDF, check 䊳䊳 Your state hazardous waste management
with the following sources: agency or EPA regional office, which can tell you
whether the transporter or TSDF has an EPA
䊳䊳 References from business colleagues who have
identification number and a permit, if required.
used a specific hazardous waste transporter or
Facility information, including types and quanti-
TSDF.
ties of waste managed and violations
䊳䊳 Trade associations for your industry that might assessed, can be accessed via the Envirofacts
keep a file on companies that handle hazardous Internet site at <www.epa.gov/enviro>.
waste.
19
SQG
not subject to regulation 䊳䊳 Keep containers and tanks in 䊳䊳 Contain spilled oil using sor-
under the used oil manage- good condition. Do not allow bent berms or spreading sor-
ment standards. tanks to rust, leak, or deterio- bent over the oil and
rate. Fix structural defects surrounding area.
䊳䊳 Collection centers and aggre-
immediately.
gation points are facilities 䊳䊳 Clean up the used oil and
that accept small amounts of 䊳䊳 Never store used oil in any- recycle it as you would have
used oil and store it until thing other than tanks and before it was spilled. If recy-
enough is collected to ship it storage containers. Used oil cling is not possible, you
elsewhere for recycling. also can be stored in units must first make sure the used
that are permitted to store oil is not a hazardous waste
䊳䊳 Transporters are companies
regulated hazardous waste. and dispose of it appropriate-
that pick up used oil from all
ly. All used cleanup materials,
sources and deliver it to re- Oil Leaks or Spills
including rags and sorbent
refiners, processors, or burners.
䊳䊳 Take steps to prevent leaks booms, that contain used oil
Transfer facilities are any struc-
and spills. Keep machinery, must also be handled accord-
ture or area where used oil is
equipment, containers, and ing to the used oil manage-
held for longer than 24 hours
tanks in good working condi- ment standards.
but not longer than 35 days.
tion, and be careful when trans-
䊳䊳 Remove, repair, or replace the
䊳䊳 Re-refiners and processors ferring used oil. Keep sorbent
defective tank or container
are facilities that blend or materials available at the site.
immediately.
remove impurities from used
䊳䊳 If a leak or spill occurs, stop
oil so the oil can be burned Used oil requirements are detailed
the oil from flowing at the
for energy recovery or reused. in 40 CFR Part 279. For more
source. If a leak can’t be
information, contact the Emergency
䊳䊳 Burners burn used oil for stopped, put the oil in another
Response Division’s Information
energy recovery in boilers, holding container or tank.
Hotline at 202 260-2342.
industrial furnaces, or in haz-
ardous waste incinerators.
Storage
20
LQG
EPA Identification Numbers Obtain a copy of EPA Form 8700-12, fill out the form, and send it to the contact listed with
(40 CFR 262.12) the form. An EPA identification number will be returned to you for your location.
Prepare Hazardous Waste for Shipment Package, label, mark, and placard wastes following Department of Transportation require-
Off Site (40 CFR Parts 262.30 - 262.33) ments. Ship waste using hazardous waste transporter.
The Manifest Ship waste to hazardous waste treatment, storage, disposal, or recycling facility. Ship haz-
(40 CFR Parts 262.20 - 262.23, 262.42) ardous waste off site using the manifest system (EPA Form 8700-22) or state equivalent.
Managing Hazardous Waste On Site Accumulate waste for no more than 90 days without a permit. Accumulate waste in contain-
(40 CFR Part 262.34) ers, tanks, drip pads, or containment buildings. Comply with specified technical standards for
each unit type.
Recordkeeping and Biennial Report Retain specified records for 3 years. Submit biennial report by March 1 of even numbered
(40 CFR Parts 262.40 - 262.41) years covering generator activities for the previous year.
Comply with Land Disposal Restrictions Ensure that wastes meet treatment standards prior to land disposal. Send notifications and
(40 CFR 268) certifications to TSDF as required. Maintain waste analysis plan if treating on site.
Export/Import Requirements Follow requirements for exports and imports, including notification of intent to export and
(40 CFR Subparts E and F) acknowledgement of consent from receiving country.
Air Emissions (40 CFR Part 265, If applicable, use various monitoring and control mechanisms to:
Subpart CC) • Control volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from hazardous waste management
activities.
• Reduce organic emissions from process vents associated with certain recycling activities
and equipment that is in contact with hazardous waste that has significant organic content.
• Control VOCs from hazardous waste tanks, surface impoundments, and containers using
fixed roofs, floating roofs, or closed-vent systems routed to control devices.
Closure (40 CFR Parts 265.111 and Decontaminate and remove all contaminated equipment, structures, and soil, and minimize
265.114) the need for further maintenance of your site. Meet unit-specific closure standards for tanks,
containment buildings, and drip pads.
21
EPA and Other Federal
WHERE TO GET MORE HELP Resource Centers
For further assistance in Also, see other related sections of
RCRA Call Center
the Code of Federal Regulations:
understanding the haz- U.S. Environmental Protection
䊳 Handling PCBs (40 CFR Part Agency
ardous waste regulations 761) 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW.
applicable to you, contact 䊳 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Washington, DC 20460
your state hazardous waste Reporting (40 CFR Part 372) Phone: 800 424-9346, or TDD
800 553-7672. In Washington,
agency. Other assistance 䊳 Domestic Sewage Waste DC: 703 412-9810, or
Disposal Reporting (40 CFR TDD 703 412-3323
resources include the EPA
Part 403) Web: www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hotline
Resource Centers (includ-
䊳 Shipping Hazardous Materials Answers questions on matters
ing the RCRA Call Center), (49 CFR Parts 171-180) related to solid waste, hazardous
or your EPA regional office waste, and underground storage
tanks. Also can be used to find
(page 24).
and order EPA publications.
22
Small Business Ombudsman RCRA Docket Information Center Information Resource Center
Clearinghouse/Hotline (RIC) U.S. Environmental Protection
U.S. Environmental Protection U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Agency Agency Headquarters Library
Small Business Ombudsman RCRA Docket Information Center 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW.
(1230C) (5305W) IRC (3404)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW. 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW. Washington, DC 20460
Washington, DC 20460 Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 260-5922
Phone: 800 368-5888 or Phone: 703 603-9230 Fax: 202 260-5153
202 260-1211 Fax: 703 603-9234 E-mail: public-access@
Fax: 202 401-2302 E-mail: RCRA-Docket@ epamail.epa.gov
Web: www.epa.gov/sbo epamail.epa.gov Web: www.epa.gov/natlibra/hairc
Web: www.epa.gov/epahome/
Helps private citizens, small busi- Maintains environmental reference
dockets.htm
nesses, and smaller communities materials for EPA staff and the
with questions on all program Provides public access to all regu- general public, including books,
aspects within EPA. latory materials on solid waste and journals, abstracts, newsletters,
distributes technical and nontech- and audio-visual materials generat-
Department of Transportation
nical information on solid waste. ed by government agencies and
(DOT) Hotline
the private sector.
Office of Hazardous Materials Pollution Protection Information
Standards (DOT) Clearinghouse (PPIC) Methods Information
Research and Special Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Communication Exchange (MICE)
Administration Agency U.S. Environmental Protection
400 7th Street, SW. 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW. Agency
Washington, DC 20590-0001 Washington, DC 20460 OSW Methods Team
Phone: 202 366-4488 or Phone: 202 260-4659 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW.
800 467-4922 Fax: 202 260-0178 (5307W)
Fax: 202 366-3753 E-mail: PPIC@epamail.epa.gov Washington, DC 20460
Web: http://hazmat.dot.gov Web: www.epa.gov/opptintr/ Phone: 703 676-4690 or
library/libppic.htm 703 308-8855
Answers questions on matters
Fax: 703 318-4682 or
related to DOT’s hazardous materi- Provides a library and an electronic
703 308-0511
als transportation regulations. bulletin board (accessible by any
E-mail: mice@cpmx.saic.com
PC equipped with a modem) dedi-
Web: www.epa.gov/sw-846
cated to information on pollution
prevention.
23
EPA Regional Offices EPA Region 3 EPA Region 6
DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV AR, LA, NM, OK, TX
EPA Region 1
1650 Arch Street 1445 Ross Avenue
CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029 Suite 1200
1 Congress Street
215 814-5000 or Dallas, TX 75202-2733
Suite 1100
800 438-2474 in Region 3 214 665-2200 or
Boston, MA 02114-2023
Library: 215 814-5254 800 887-6063 in Region 6
617 918-1111 or
Library: 214 665-6424
800 372-7431 in Region 1 EPA Region 4
Library: 888 372-5427 or AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN EPA Region 7
617 918-1990 Atlanta Federal Center IA, KS, MO, NE
61 Forsyth Street, SW 901 North 5th Street
EPA Region 2
Atlanta, GA 30303-3104 Kansas City, KS 66101
NJ, NY, PR, VI
404 562-9900 913 551-7000 or
290 Broadway
800 241-1754 in Region 4 800 223-0425 in Region 7
26th Floor
Library: 404 562-8190 Library: 913 551-7241
New York, NY 10007-1866
212 637-3000 EPA Region 5 EPA Region 8
Library: 212 637-3185 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI CO, MT, ND, SD, WY, UT
77 West Jackson Boulevard One Denver Place
Chicago, IL 60604 999 18th Street
312 353-2000 or Suite 500
800 621-8431 in Region 5 Denver, CO 80202-2466
303 312-6312 or
800 227-8917 in Region 8
EPA Region 9
AS, AZ, CA, GU, HI, MH, MP, NV
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
415 744-1305
Library: 415 744-1510
EPA Region 10
AK, ID, OR, WA
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
206 553-1200 or
800 424-4372 in Region 10
Library: 206 553-1289
24
Worksheet 3 These questions are geared toward the federal requirements for SQGs but may be helpful for other
hazardous waste generators. Use them to help prepare for a visit from a federal, state, or local agency.
Yes No
❑ ❑ Do you have documentation on the amount and kinds of hazardous waste that you generate and on how
you determined that they are hazardous?
❑ ❑ If so, do you know the name of the transporter and the designated TSDF that you use?
❑ ❑ Do you have copies of completed manifests used to ship your hazardous wastes over the past 3 years?
❑ ❑ If you have not received your signed copy of the manifest from the TSDF, have you filed an exception
report?
❑ ❑ Have you complied with the handling requirements described in this handbook?
❑ ❑ Have you posted emergency telephone numbers and the location of emergency equipment?
❑ ❑ Are your employees thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures?
❑ ❑ Do you understand when you need to contact the National Response Center?
❑ ❑ Do you store your waste for no more than 180 days, or 270 days if you ship your waste more than 200
miles?
25
ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
Byproduct DOT—Department of Incompatible Waste
Transportation
A material that is not one of the A hazardous waste that can cause
primary products of a production Federal agency that oversees all corrosion or decay of containment
process. Examples of byproducts national transportation systems materials, or is unsuitable for co-
are process residues such as slags and regulates the transport of mingling with another waste or
or distillation column bottoms. hazardous materials. material because a dangerous
reaction might occur. See 40 CFR
CESQG—Conditionally Elementary Neutralization Part 265, Appendix V for more
Exempt Small Quantity Unit examples.
Generator
A tank, tank system, container,
LDR—Land Disposal
A business that generates less transport vehicle, or vessel (includ-
Restrictions
than 220 lbs (100 kg) per month ing ships) that is designed to con-
of hazardous waste. tain and neutralize corrosive The LDR program ensures that
waste. toxic constituents present in haz-
CFR—Code of Federal ardous waste are properly treated
Regulations Implementing Agency before hazardous waste is dis-
The CFR is a codification of the EPA regional office or state agency posed of in the land (such as in a
general and permanent rules pub- responsible for enforcing the haz- landfill).
lished in the Federal Register by ardous waste regulations.
the Executive departments and
agencies of the federal govern-
ment. The CFR is divided into 50
“titles,” which represent broad
areas subject to federal regulation.
Each title is divided into chapters,
which usually bear the name of the
issuing agency.
Commercial Chemical
Product
A chemical substance that is man-
ufactured or formulated for com-
mercial or manufacturing use.
Container
Any portable device in which a
material is stored, transported,
treated, disposed of, or otherwise
handled.
26
LQG—Large Quantity NFPA—National Fire Reclaimed Material
Generator Protection Association
Material that is regenerated or
A business that generates more NFPA’s mission is to reduce the processed to recover a usable
than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) per worldwide burden of fire and other product. Examples are the recov-
month of hazardous waste. hazards on the quality of life by ery of lead values from spent bat-
providing and advocating scientifi- teries and the regeneration of
MICE—Methods Information cally based codes and standards, spent solvents.
Communication Exchange research, training, and education.
NFPA has specific rules for storing Recovered Material
The MICE service provides
answers to questions about test hazardous wastes. A material or byproduct that has
methods used to determine been recovered or diverted from
PBT—Persistent,
whether a waste is hazardous. It solid waste. Does not include
Bioaccumulative, and Toxic
also takes comments on technical materials or byproducts generated
issues regarding EPA’s methods Persistent chemicals are those from, and commonly used within,
manual known as Test Methods for that don’t readily break down in an original manufacturing process.
Evaluating Solid Waste: the environment and can be trans-
Physical/Chemical Methods (SW- ferred among air, water, soils, and Recycled Material
846). sediments. Bioaccumulative chemi- A material that is used, reused, or
cals are those that concentrate in reclaimed.
MSDS—Material Safety Data animal and plant tissues as a
Sheets result of uptake from the surround- Reused Material
Chemical manufacturers and ing environment or as a result of
A material that is employed as an
importers prepare detailed techni- one organism consuming another.
ingredient in an industrial process
cal bulletins called Material Safety Toxic chemicals, in this context,
to make a product, or is used as
Data Sheets about the hazards of are those that are hazardous to
an effective substitute for a com-
each chemical they produce or human health and the environ-
mercial product.
import. Your suppliers must send ment. EPA has been tasked with
you an MSDS at the time of the focusing on reducing the toxicity of
Spent Material
first shipment of a chemical and wastes in addition to the quantity
of waste, and its Waste Any material that has been used
any time the MSDS is updated
Minimization National Plan focuses and, as a result of contamination,
with new and significant informa-
on reducing PBT wastes. can no longer serve the purpose
tion about the hazards. MSDSs
for which it was produced without
include information about compo-
POTW—Publicly Owned first processing it.
nents and contaminants, including
Treatment Works
exposure limits, physical data, fire
SQG—Small Quantity
and explosion hazard, toxicity, and A municipal wastewater treatment
Generator
health hazard data. It also discuss- plant that receives wastewater
es emergency and first aid proce- through the public sewer from A business that generates
dures and information about households, office buildings, facto- between 220 and 2,200 lbs (100
storage and disposal, and spill or ries and industrial facilities, and and 1,000 kg) per month of haz-
leak procedures. other places where people live and ardous waste.
work.
27
Sludge Totally Enclosed Treatment TSDF—Treatment, Storage,
Facility and Disposal Facility
Any solid, semi-solid, or liquid
waste generated from a municipal, A facility for the treatment of Refers to a facility that treats,
commercial, or industrial waste- hazardous waste that is directly stores, or disposes of hazardous
water treatment plant, water supply connected to an industrial produc- waste; TSDFs have specific
treatment plant, or air pollution tion process and that is construct- requirements under RCRA.
control facility, exclusive of the ed and operated to prevent the
treated effluent from a wastewater release of hazardous waste into VOCs—Volatile Organic
treatment plant. the environment during treatment. Compounds
An example is a pipe in which VOCs are highly evaporative organ-
Still Bottom waste acid is neutralized. ic gases that can be produced dur-
Residue or byproduct of a distilla- ing the manufacture or use of
TCLP—Toxicity
tion process such as solvent chemicals such as paints, sol-
Characteristic Leaching
recycling. vents, and cleaners. Various pollu-
Procedure
tion control devices can prevent
Tank A testing procedure used to deter- the release of VOCs both outdoors
A stationary device designed to mine whether a waste is haz- and indoors.
contain an accumulation of haz- ardous. The procedure identifies
waste that might leach hazardous Wastewater Treatment Unit
ardous waste and that is con-
structed primarily of nonearthen constituents into ground water if A tank or tank system that is sub-
materials (e.g., wood, concrete, improperly managed. ject to regulation under either
steel, plastic). Section 402 or 307(b) of the
Clean Water Act, and that treats or
stores an influent wastewater that
is hazardous waste, or that treats
or stores a wastewater treatment
sludge that is hazardous.
28
1EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency (5305W)
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300