MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

MODEL QUESTION PAPERS

FOR

M. TECH DEGREE PROGRAMME

IN

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

(2013 ADMISSION ONWARDS)

MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 101 BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
Time: Three Hours Marks Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. 1. (a) Determine the rank of the following matrix : 0 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 -3 1 0 -2 -1 1 2 0 Maximum: 100

(b) Use Gauss-Jordan method to find the inverse of the following matrix: 2 0 5 1 1 2 -1 1 -3

(c) Using the partition method, find the inverse of following matrix: 3 2 1 2 1 3 4 1 5 (10+10+5 = 25 marks) Or 2. (a) Solve the following equations with the help of matrix method: x1 + x2 + x3 = 1 x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 6 x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 6 (b) Test for consistency and solve: 5x + 3y + 7z = 4 3x + 26y + 2z = 9 7x + 2y +10z = 5 (12+13 = 25 marks) 3. (a) The following data are the number of seeds germinating out of 10 on damp filter paper for 80 sets of seeds. Fit a binomial distribution to these data: x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f: 6 20 28 12 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 (b) Obtain the equation of the normal curve that may be fitted to the following data: Class : 60 65 65 - 70 71 - 75 75- 80 80 - 85 85 90 90 95 95 - 100 Frequency: 3 21 150 335 326 135 26 4 Also obtain the expected normal frequencies. (13+12 = 25 marks) Or

4. (a) The following is the frequency of a random sample of weekly earnings of 509 employees. Fit a binomial distribution to these data Weekly earnings: 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 No. of employees: 3 6 10 15 24 42 75 90 79 55 36 26 19 13 9 7 (b) In a normal distribution, 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are over 64. Find the mean and S.D. of the distribution. (13+12 = 25 marks) 5. (a) A lady stenographer claims that she can take dictation at the rate of 118 words per minute. Can we reject her claim on the basis of 100 trails in which she demonstrates a mean of 166 words and a standard derivation of 15 words? (b) Explain the main difference between parametric and non-parametric approaches to the theory of statistical inference. Derive the sign test for two sample problem. (13+12 = 25 marks) Or 6. (a) Explain the following: (i) Type I and Type II errors. (ii) t- Test. (iii) F -test. (b) Derive the sign test, stating clearly the assumptions made. (c) What are runs? Comment on their utility in non-parametric inference. (10+8+7 = 25 marks) 7. (a) Fit a straight line y = a + bx to the following data by the method of least squares: x 0 1 3 6 8 y 1 3 2 5 4 (b) Three judges, A, B, C, give the following ranks. Find which pair of judges has common approach: A 1 6 5 10 3 2 4 9 7 8 B 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9 C 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7 (12+13 = 25 marks) Or 8. (a) Following table gives that data on rainfall and discharge in a certain river. Obtain the line of regression of y on x. Rainfall x (inches) : 1.53 1.78 2.60 2.9 4 Discharge y (1000 cc) : 33.5 36.3 40.0 45 57 (b) Find Pearson's coefficient of skewness for the following data: Class: 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80 - 89 Frequency: 5 9 14 20 25 15 8 4 (12+13 = 25 marks)

MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 102 - BUSINESS PRACTICE AND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. Maximum: 100 Marks

1. (a) What are the qualities and traits of a successful manager? (b) Explain the relevance of classical organization theory in today organization. (c) Given the emerging horizontal organizational structure, what are the authority and responsibility of the top person in a company? (7+ 8 + 10 = 25 marks) Or 2. (a) Explain the various functions of management. (b) What are the tactical decisions that are taken by a plant manager? (c) Explain the extent of span of control and delegation of power vis-a-vis the telecom bandwidth allotment process. (8+ 7 + 10 = 25 marks)

3. (a) What is the role of industrial politics? Explain with examples. (b) Explain the extent of shared responsibility of today's industrial workers. (c) What are the changes in management of a 21st century enterprise with regard to technology development, global markets and environmental regulations? (7 + 8 + 10 = 25 marks) Or 4. (a) If a company wants to implement a new quality enhancing tool like 'Six Sigma', then what change management does it have to go through? (b) What are the steps to be taken in a strategic implementation? (c) Explain the following organizational structures with examples: (i) Matrix organization. (ii) Strategic business units. (iii) Customer departmentation. (8 + 7 + 10 = 25 marks) 5. (a) Explain the scope of managerial economics. (b) What is the purpose of demand forecasting? Discuss demand forecasting methods for consumption goods and capital goods.

(c) What are the methods of capital budgeting? Explain one of them with an example (5 + 10 + 10 = 25 marks) Or 6. (a) What are the determinants of demand? (b) What is income elasticity of demand? Discuss the uses of price elasticity of Demand? (b) What is price elasticity of demand? Discuss the types of price elasticity of Demand? (5 + 10 + 10 = 25 marks)

7. (a) Discuss about the pricing policies and practices. (b) What do you mean by Break-even analysis? How it is useful for various managerial decisions? (b) Evaluate the nature of capital budgeting issue. What are the basic methods of ranking alternative investment proposals? (5 + 10 + 10 = 25 marks) Or 8. (a) Explain the concept of short run and long run cost. (b) Explain the concept of capital budgeting and state difference between risk and uncertainty. (c) Evaluate the managerial uses of break-even analysis. Explain with an example. (7 + 8 + 10 = 25 marks)

MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization - Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 103 - FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING
(Regular) Time: 3 hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. 1. (a) Enumerate any five factors that determine the rate of return in a market economy. (b) List and explain broad areas of financial decision-making. (c) What are indirect taxes? Explain any two in detail. (d) Discuss the importance and limitations of financial statement analysis. (3+5+7+10= 25 marks) Or 2. (a) What is current asset? (b) Contrast the salient features of the traditional and modern approaches to financial management. (c) Discuss the important items found in a profit and loss account. (d) Elaborate on the primary objective of corporate manager. (3+5+7+10= 25 marks) 3. (a) What inference can be made out of PE ratio? (b) Outline the effect of Earnings per share and Dividend per share on the book value of a business enterprise. (c) What is liquidity ratio? Explain. (d) What is a leverage ratio? Explain. (3+5+7+10= 25 marks) Or 4. (a) What is break-even analysis? (b) What is book value per share? (c) Write short notes on business risk and financial risk. (d) Determine the sales of a firm with the following financial data: Current ratio = 1.5 Acid-test ratio = 1.2 Current liabilities = Rs.8,00,000 Inventory turnover ratio = 5 times Max: 100marks

(10 marks) (3+5+7+10= 25 marks)

5. (a)What is a bank reconciliation statement? What is the procedure for preparing a bank reconciliation statement?

(b) Differentiate between asset and expense in financial statements. (c) What are the limitations of financial statements? (d) What are the errors that occur in the trial balance and what are the methods for their rectification. (5+5+5+10= 25 marks) Or 6. (a) What is a double entry system? Discuss the rules of it. (b) What is trial balance account. Explain with suitable example. (c) Explain Adjusting, closing and transfer entries, with examples. (5+10+10= 25 marks)

7. (a) What is the significance of preparing a balance sheet? What is it used for? (b) What is the objective of preparing funds flow statement? In what way is it different from balance sheet? (c) Differentiate between trading and non-trading accounts. (d) What is meant by financial analysis? What are the limitations of financial statements? (5+5+5+10= 25 marks) Or 8. (a) What is the purpose of preparing the income and expenditure account? (b) The following trial balance has been drawn from the books of a merchant as on 31st March, 2011. PARTICULARS Plant and machinery Furniture and fittings Capital/ Drawings Loose tools Goodwill Operating stock Returns Discount received Purchase/ Sales Wages and other expenses Provision for doubtful debts Carriage inwards Salaries General expenses/insurance Rent and taxes Postage Bank overdraft Sundry debtors/creditors Cash and Bank balances Total The following additional information is also given: DEBIT(Rs.) 1,00,000 12,000 2,000 20,000 10,000 20,000 8,000 2,12,000 1,00,000 12,000 41,600 72,000 14,400 4,000 56,000 16,000 7,00,000 20,000 24,000 7,00,000 CREDIT(Rs.)

4,000 6,000 4,68,000 2,000

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Closing stock Rs. 30,800 Depreciation plant and machinery @ 5% and Furniture and Fixtures @ 6%. Provision for doubtful debts to be maintained @ 5% Unexpected insurance was Rs. 400.

Prepare Trading profit and Loss Account and Balance sheet of the merchant. (5+20 = 25 marks)

MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization - Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 104 - WORK SYSTEM DESIGN
(Regular) Time: 3 hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. 1. (a) Define productivity? What are the management techniques to improve productivity? (b) What is a chronocyclegraph? What are the two factors that you can understand from it? (c) What is meant by therbligs? Define and draw the following therbligs (i) assembly, (ii) inspect, (iii) plan, (iv) avoidable delay (d) What is SIMO Chart? Explain with an example. Explain the steps involved in developing standard data. (5+5+5+10 = 25 marks) Or 2. (a) Define ineffective time. Which are the factors reducing productivity? (b) Define Micro-motion study. Explain the steps in micro-motion study. (c) Explain various steps involved in method study, and how does it improve productivity. (d) Define the method study. Discuss the following tools used for the purpose: (i) Operation process chart, (ii) Flow diagram, (iii) Travel chart (5+5+7+8 = 25 marks) 3. (a) Differentiate between standard time and basic time. (b) Differentiate between snap back and continuous stopwatch methods. (c) What is rating in time study? Explain the different rating methods. (d) What is meant by work sampling? A work sampling study showed that 20% of a work, week of 48 hours was consumed by available delays. If each time a work sampling observation was made, the operator was rated and the average of such a ratings was 110%. If 100 units were produced by the operator in that period, calculate the standard time. (4+4+7+10 = 25 marks) Or Max: 100 marks

4. (a) What is Standard data? State its applications. (b) Assuming that the total observed time for an operation of assembling an Electronic switch is 1.00 minute. If the rating is 20% find the normal time. If the allowance of 10% is allowed for the operation, determine the standard time. (c) Assume you are the supervisor. Work measurement is to be introduced into your department. How would you explain to your men the technique of work measurement and how it might affect them? (5+10+10 = 25 marks) 5. (a) Define Ergonomics. What are the factors governing the performance of manmachine system? (b) Explain some ways to reduce musculo-skeletal stress through work place design. (c) Show the plan of a suggested work place layout with typical dimensions. (5+10+10 = 25 marks)

Or 6. (a) Mention the factors considered in ergonomic analysis. (b) What is Anthropometry and explain principles used in application of anthropometric data. (c) Explain the methods of measurement of fatigue in work physiology? (5+10+10 = 25 marks)

7. (a) Explain the role of physical environment on the human performance. (b) Explain the physiological effects of heat & cold. Explain its remedies (c) What are the various displays used in a man-machine system? Discuss the functional requirement and criteria used for their design. (5+10+10 = 25 marks) Or 8. (a) Write a short note on effect of light and sound on human performance. (b) Write a short note on effect of cognitive load on human performance. What are the methods for measuring cognitive load. (c) Write short note on: (i) Hand tool design, (ii) Concept of visibility. (5+10+10 = 25 marks)

MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 105.1 - MARKETING AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR (Elective-I) (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. Maximum: 100 Marks

1. (a) Define Marketing. Briefly explain different types of marketing with merits. (b) Define product. Explain different types of products with merits. (15+10=25 marks) Or 2. (a) Explain the following : (i) Micro marketing. (ii) Government marketing. (iii) Private marketing. (b) Briefly explain latest trends in marketing. (15+10=25 marks) 3. (a) Briefly explain different types of marketing organization with application. (b) Differentiate between Goals and Objectives. (15+10=25 marks) Or 4. (a) Recommend explain suitable marketing strategies for the growth stage and maturity stage of a product life cycle. (b) Enumerate the requirement for global and international competencies. (15+10=25 marks) 5. (a) Explain the role of logistics in getting goods to customers. (b) Explain any two types of pricing methods. (c) Compare retail and network marketing. (10+10+5=25 marks) Or 6. (a) To brand or not to brand give a detailed overview, (b) Labels perform several functions. Explain in detail. (15+10=25 marks)

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7. (a) Briefly explain different types of behaviour with merits and demerits. (b) Explain the following: (i) Service segmentation (ii) Product Proliferation (15+10=25 marks) Or 8. (a) Explain the factors influencing the buying behaviour of consumers. (b) Define market research. Describe its role in market segmentation. (15+10=25 marks)

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 105.2 - MARKETING LOGISTICS (Elective-I) (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. 1. (a) Describe inbound and outbound Logistics? (b) Explain the fundamental components of a successful supply chain management? (c) Enumerate the importance and influence of the 4Ps and 4Cs with respect to market mix? (d) Evaluate with examples the different product line strategies? (3+5+7+10 = 25 marks) Or 2. (a) Illustrate the concept of time and space in Supply chain management? (b) Why are retained customers more profitable than new ones? (c) Explain Supply chain planning, Transportation planning and vehicle routing with respect to the three planning horizons (d) Explain in detail the main elements in procurement? (3+5+7+10 = 25 marks) Maximum: 100 Marks

3. (a) Illustrate the tradeoff between maximum customer satisfaction and minimum distribution cost in supply chain management? (b) Explain the role of RIFD in logistics? (c) Enumerate the different marketing channel functions? (d) Evaluate with examples the various strategies in designing a successful distribution channel? (3+5+7+10 = 25 marks) Or 4. (a) Describe the positive effects of conflicts in a distribution channel? (b) Distinguish between anticipatory and response based distribution system? (c) Explain the need of integrated logistics management and how is it met? (d) Explain in detail the main functions of a good logistics system? (3+5+7+10 = 25 marks)

5. (a) Illustrate the different type of retailers? (b) In retailing, what do you mean by breaking bulk?

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(c) What is direct marketing? Explain the benefits and reasons for its growth? (d) Explain in detail wholesalers marketing decisions? (3+5+7+10 = 25 marks) Or 6. (a) Explain the characteristics of non store retailing? (b) Distinguish between transaction based and custom build databases? (c) Enumerate the different modern trends in retailing? (d) Explain in detail the benefits of online marketing to both customers and marketers? (3+5+7+10 = 25 marks)

7. (a) Illustrate the different types of 3Pl providers? (b) Distinguish between forward and reverse logistics? (c) What is total cost analysis and why are traditional accounting methods unsuitable in integrated logistics and distribution systems? (d) Describe the problems of fleet management and its effective management techniques? (3+5+7+10 = 25 marks) Or 8. (a) Distinguish between transactional, tactical and strategic outsourcing? (b) Enumerate the benefits and problems of 3Pl? (c) Explain the four drivers in Reverse logistics? (d) Explain in detail the basic model of customer profitability analysis? (3+5+7+10 = 25 marks)

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 105.3 - SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (Elective-I) (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. 1. (a) Enumerate the benefits of ensuring Industrial safety. (b) Explain with examples, the various Hazard Identification Techniques adopted at workplaces. (c) What are the different types of hazards associated with chemical process plants? Give brief description of each of such hazards. (5+10+10 = 25 marks) Or 2. (a) How types of accidents can be categorized according to the causes of events in any industry? (b) Discuss in detail about hazards, their consequences and classifications. (c) Discuss various hazard analysis techniques. Also discuss hazard prevention strategies. (5+10+10 = 25 marks) 3. (a) Write a short note on safety promotion. (b) Explain with examples the accident causation theory and its components. (c) List out various personal protection equipments which are commonly used at workplaces to protect different parts of human body and explain its functions and uses. (5+10+10 = 25 marks) Or 4. (a) List out the monetary and non-monetary motivating factors for enabling active employee participation in safety related activities and practices. (b) Explain in detail, how adoption of safety practices and management can lead to enhanced productivity in various domains of a Firm. (c) Highlight the safety issues related to material handling and elaborate on some of the safe operating practices for different material handling systems. (5+10+10 = 25 marks) Maximum: 100 Marks

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5. (a) Identify the main hazardous sources of electrical ignition, that are to be controlled for safe electrical operations at work places. (b) Discuss safety factors to be considered to be adopted for fire prevention (c) Describe with examples, the Safeguarding methods to be provided by an Employer, for multifarious Machine types used in various Shop Floors. (5+10+10 = 25 marks) Or 6. (a) List of the precautionary protective measures to be taken in a metal cutting operation, to protect the operator and the surroundings. (b) Identify the hazards associated with gas furnace and electroplating operations in a workplace and suggest methods to eliminate them. (c) Highlight on some of the fire protection systems used in industrial environment. (5+10+10 = 25 marks) 7. (a) Write a short note on Environment act 1986 (b) Explain the various clauses of Indian boiler regulations with reference to safety. (c) What is the need of environment impact assessment? Explain the steps involved in environment impact assessment. (5+10+10 = 25 marks) Or 8. (a) What are the objectives of Mines act? (b) Explain any three acts that deal with industrial safety and environment. (c) Write a note on ISO 14001 and highlight on its elements. (5+10+10 = 25 marks)

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 105.4 - ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (Elective-I) (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. 1. (a) What is organizational behaviour. How do you view an organization as a system? (b) Explain the following: (i) Matrix Structure (ii) Team Structure (iii) Boundary less organization (c) What are the components of the environment of an organization. ( 10+9+6 = 25 marks) Or 2. (a) Define organizational culture. Explain the different dimensions of organizational culture? (b) How do employees of an organization learn culture? (c) Explain the contribution of the following fields to Organizational behaviour. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Psychology Socio Psychology Political Science Anthropology ( 10+7+8 = 25 marks) 3. (a) What is perception? Why do different individuals see things differently from others point of view? (b) List the different theories of motivation and discuss the contributions of Maslow, Herzeberg and Alderfer to the field of motivation. (c) Write short notes on: (i) (ii) Role analysis Sentiments ( 10+7+8 = 25 marks) Or 4. (a) What is interpersonal interaction? What are the factors affecting interpersonal interaction. (b) How are patterns of communication formed and changed and how do they affect relationships? (c) What is role analysis? What are the problems perceived role effectiveness? ( 8+7+10 = 25 marks) 5. (a) What is group dynamics. What are the stages in group development? Maximum: 100 Marks

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(b) What are the basic forces that shape group behaviour? (c) What are the difference between a group and a team? Explain with an example. (10+8+7 = 25 marks) Or 6. (a) Explain the importance of team building in an organization. (b) Write short notes on the following. (i) Challenges in building teams (ii) Structuring the teams (iii) Responsibilities of team leadership (c) Why do people work in groups. How can we build group cohesiveness? (8+9+8 = 25 marks)

7. (a) Define organizational politics. What are the reasons for political behaviour in organizations? (b) Explain the different types of leadership styles. (c) What are the key ideas of transactional analysis? (8+8+9 = 25 marks) Or 8. (a) Write short notes on the following. (i) Sensitivity analysis (ii) Process consultancy (b) What is conflict? How can it be resolved? (c) How can the process of change managed in organizations effectively. (8+7+10 = 25 marks)

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 106-1 - SYSTEM MODELING AND SIMULATION (Elective-II) (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. Maximum: 100 Marks

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 106-2 - MODERN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM DESIGN (Elective-II) (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. Maximum: 100 Marks

1. a) Explain the term operations management functions? b) Briefly explain the methods of sales forecasting? [12+13] OR 2 a) Explain aggregate planning methods? b) Define Gantt charts? c) Explain Johnsons method in Scheduling? d) What is meant by production control system? [12+5+5+3] 3. a) What are the criteria selection of plant locations? b) What is meant by facility layout? c) What all are the characteristics of a lean systems? [5+12+8] OR 4. a) Briefly explain flexible manufacturing systems? b) Explain the terms reengineering and just in time? [13+12]

5. a) What is meant by bill of materials? b) Explain manufacturing resources planning? c) What is Planning frame work? [6+13+6] OR 6. a) Differentiate between enterprise Resources Planning and Manufacturing Resources Planning? b) What are the benefits of Enterprise Resources Planning? c) What is the importance of lead time in productivity? 19

[12+8+5]

7. a) Discuss on how simulation helps in decision making? b) What all are the types of simulation? c) What do you mean by pseudo random numbers? [11+8+6] OR 8. a) Briefly explain how problem formulation can be done? b) What all are the experimental design consideration? c) List out steps in selection of simulation languages and models? [10+9+6]

***

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 106-3 - INTEGRATED MATERIALS MANAGEMENT (Elective-II) (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. Maximum: 100 Marks

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER First Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering Specialization: Industrial Engineering and Management MMEIM 106-4 - PRACTICAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT (Elective-II) (Regular)
Time: Three Hours Answer all questions. Each full question carries 25 marks. Maximum: 100 Marks

1. (a) Briefly explain the characteristics of modern projects. (b) Explain work breakdown structure. (c) Discuss the integration WBS and organisation structure with detailed project plan. (6+6+13=25 marks) Or 2. (a) Explain matrix organisation structure. (b) What are the criteria for the selection of the project organisation structure.? (c) Explain the life cycle concept of project. (d) Discuss the needs of project management. (6+6+6+7=25 marks) 3. (a) Can you envisage a project where the entire scheduling is dictated by resource availability? How will you modify this situation so as to permit a valid applications of the CPM and PERT analysis techniques? (b) Explain the risk analysis using simulation. (12+13=25marks) Or 4. (a) Construct a Gantt chart for a product start-up project of your choice. Assume suitable data. Comment on the merit and demerit of the Gantt chart you have constructed? (b) Differentiate the PERT and CPM . (c) How network scheduling is carried out? (12+5+8=25 marks) 5. (a) What are the different types of project termination and its process? (b) What are the essentials of audit? (c) Explain project cost accounting system in detail? (10+5+10=25 marks) 22

Or 6. (a) Explain briefly cost of production and finance. (b) Discuss the internal rate of return method. (c) Describe the cost estimation and budgeting. (10+5+10=25 marks) 7. (a) Write the different types of project control. (b) Discuss the project management with details. (c) What are all the advantages of team work and leadership? (12+7+6=25 marks) Or 8. (a) Explain the variance analysis of the project performance. (b) Write a brief about softwares in project management and its uses. (c) What are the problems arise in controlling the project? (12+6+7=25 marks)

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