ASSESSMENT OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY ON SELECTED NATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS Azam Othman (Dr), Institute

of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia Baiduri Ruslan (Dr), De artment of !ommunication,International Islamic University Malaysia Md Azman "hahadan (Dr),De artment of #sycholo$y, International Islamic University Malaysia Abstract %his study lans to e& lore the ractices of intercultural communication in the 'ational

secondary "chool and e&amine the influence of intercultural communication in fosterin$ racial inte$ration amon$ students of different ethnic $rou s in national secondary schools(%he !ron)ach al ha values for all items *ere (+,- thus sho*s that the instrument had a hi$h relia)ility and validity( ./- students from 'ational "econdary "chool in "elan$or had artici ated in this study in order to assess their )elief and e& erience of intercultural communication in multicultural schools( %he res ondents *ere selected throu$h stratified random sam lin$( E& lanatory 0actor analysis *as used in analyzin$ the data and four ma1or factors *as identify included 2holistic inte$ration3, 2Muhi))ah and atriotic environment3, 2media stimulation3 and 2 ositive inte$ration throu$h school environment3( 4ey*ords5 intercultural communication, multicultural education, interracial relationship, multicultural education, diversity in the school

Introduction Malaysia is the one of the most lural and hetero$eneous countries in the *orld, *ith three ma1or ethnic $rou s, Malay, !hinese, Indian lus several other ethics( Malaysia has $one throu$h e isodes of u s and do*ns in )rin$in$ these three ethnic $rou s to unite as one( Amon$ the most si$nificant challen$es to national unity *as the ,6th May ,+7+ national riot *hich too8 many lives )ecause of re1udices and racial sentiments( %hat incident shattered the dream of united Malaysia and )ecame a *a8e9u call for the rulin$ $overnment to seriously address the ro)lem of national inte$ration( %he aim of this study is to investi$ate the status of intercultural ,

communication in 'ational "econdary "chools in :om)a8( It is assume that the intercultural communication in the national secondary may tri$$er intercultural understandin$ and a*areness on cultural diversity to*ards realization of ,Malaysia conce t(

National Unity After the ethnic conflict in May ,+7+, $overnment too8 the drastic action to unify amon$ Malaysia ethnic $rou ( Accordin$ to the 'ational Institute of #u)lic Administration (I'%A'), unify is the rocess of unitin$ the mem)ers of a society and the country as a *hole throu$h national ideolo$ies, so that the mem)ers of the society can )uild an identity, common values and a sense of )elon$in$ (I'%A',,++/)( Malaysia $overnment introduces ne* educational olicies such as esta)lishin$ a national school system(%he $overnment intends to use education as one of its tools for fosterin$ unify amon$ diverse ethnic $rou s (Ramlee Musta ha et al, .--+)( De artment of 'ational Unity and Inte$ration introduced )y $overnment to )rin$ a harmonious and Muhi))ah Malaysia and their mission is to )e the mechanism for dialo$ue and mediation in romotin$ mutual understandin$ and harmony amon$st adherents of various reli$ions for )uildin$ Malaysia as a nation ins ired )y the s irit of Muhi))ah(Other than that, in .--7 'ational Education Blue rint tar$ets racial olarization in the school system, *hich aimin$ )rin$ the students to$ether in class activities and out class activities and romotin$ Mandarin and %amil classes in national school( robl!"s Eventhou$h, there are endeavour in educational conte&t to*ards fosterin$ inte$ration amon$ three different ethnic, many issues and challen$e arise from citizens involved( 'a1emah Mohd .

;usof (.--<) found five ma1or findin$s in her research included, 2Teachers do not know or understand what multicultural education is3, Teachers do not know how to use effective multicultural education practices3, 2Teachers are not motivated to leran effective multicultural education practices3 and Teachers do not realize their full responsibilities as educators for using effective multicultural education practices3( "he found teachers stated various reasons for not racticin$ multicultural education ractices )ecause of lac8 of clear definition and

understandin$ and lac8 of motivation to learn effective multicultural education ractices( One of research conducted )y A)dul Raza= Ahmad, .-,, su$$ested Ministry of Education should im rove the level of acce tance in schools diversity amon$ teachers in order to u hold the =uality of education *ithout re1udice amon$ Malaysian citizens(

Int!rcultural co""unication Intercultural communication or communication )et*een eo le of different cultural )ac8$rounds has al*ays )een and *ill ro)a)ly remain an im ortant recondition of human co9e&istance on earth (Ally*ood, ,+><)( ?e comes *ith certain ty es of ro)lems that can arise in situations of intercultural communication( %he main ro)lems in intercultural communication is lac8 of

understandin$( In multicultural country li8es Malaysia *hich is contained three ma1or ethnic $rou s, namely, Malays, !hinese, Indians( #eo le )elieved that throu$h education system, three of ma1or ethnics $rou *ill inte$rate( Baruth @ Mannin$ (.-->), stated that cultural diversity is ositive, enrichin$ element in a society )ecause it rovides individuals increased o ortunities

to e& erience other cultures and thus to fulfilled as human )ein$s( As teachers, they should vie* cultural diversity as stren$th *ith the otential for hel in$ individuals )etter understand their 6

o*n cultures(Accordin$ to Ban8s (.--.), there are five dimension of multicultural education used *idely )y schools( 0irst, content inte$ration *hich is referrin$ to e& andin$ the curriculum ac8no*led$e the e& eriences and contri)utions of diverse $rou s( "econd, 8no*led$e construction is a)out hel in$ students understand ho* eo le create )eliefs )ased on their o*n cultural )io$ra hies( %hird, eda$o$y is referrin$ to use strate$ies that lead to hi$her

achievement for students of all races( 0orth, re1udice reduction is hel in$ students develo more ositive attitudes a)out eo le of different races and ethnicities( 0inally, an em o*erin$ school culture is a)out e&aminin$ the im act of school olicies, such as academic trac8in$ and

disci line referrals on students from different )ac8$rounds(One of research in !anada, (Aucia ;iu Matu8BRu$$irello, %ina,.--C) usin$ drama education to romote multiculturalism amon$ students( "tatistical analysis at -(-< si$nificant level revealed that )oth the erformance and the drama *or8sho hei$htened studentsD a*areness of racism and instilled cultural res ect throu$h 2tal8in$ *ith others3, 2acce tin$ others3 and 2)elievin$ that they can ma8e a different3 in multiculturalism romotion(%eachers is a main a$ents in school to transfers the 8no*led$e of other culture to students( One of research a)out 2%he Attitudes of En$lish %eachers %o*ards Develo in$ Intercultural !ommunicative !om etence3, (Eedyna8,M(n(d) sho*s the first o)servation is that the teachers are not ac=uainted *ith the intercultural a roach,and they still associate culture teachin$ *ith the transmission of 8no*led$e and acts a)out customs, ha)its, everyday life of the tar$et lan$ua$e society( ?o*ever,*hat they do in a classroom is not related to develo in$ intercultural com etence(In order to im lement the intercultural a roach the teachers should themselves ac=uire the 8no*led$e a)out it( Fhat the teachers o)viously lac8 is interdisci linary trainin$ that should $o )eyond the traditional curriculum of forei$n lan$ua$e teacher trainin$( /

Acco""odation T#!ory %his study ada ted from !ommunication Accommodation %heory (!A%) *hich *idely use in research today and its a lied in many field such as mar8etin$, radio )roadcastin$ (#atrice et( al, ,++7), as *ell as education (Ainda "( Aucas,,++7)( %he !ommunication Accommodation %heory (!A%) *as develo ed )y ?o*ard :iles, rofessor of communication, at the University of eo le use strate$ic

!alifornia, "anta Bar)ara( ?e claims, 2in communicative interactions,

)ehaviour, mainly )ased on lan$ua$e, to achieve a desired social distance )et*een themselves and their interlocutors, i(e(, to maintain erceived se aration or nearness *ith interlocutors (:iles ,+>-)( !ommunication accommodation theory has )een most a lied has )een in intercultural communication( Fithin this field it has )een a lied to e& lain and analyze communication )ehaviors in a variety of situations, such as interactions )et*een non9native and natives durin$ second lan$ua$e ac=uisition rocesses, and interactions )et*een inter9ethnic $rou s( %his

research focused in Malaysia secondary school *here involved three ma1or race Malay, !hinese and India Accordin$ to !ommunication accommodation %heory (!A%) sho*s eo le ada t their

ver)al and nonver)al )ehavior to create similarity (conver$ence) or dissimilarity (diver$ence) )et*een themselves and others( Oluremi B( Ayo8o, !harmine E(E ?artel, Gictor E( !allan (.--.) resents an investi$ation of the communicative )ehaviors and strate$ies em loyed in the stimulation and mana$ement of roductive and destructive conflict in culturally hetero$eneous *or8$rou s( Usin$ communication accommodation theory (!A%), they ar$ue that the ty e and course of conflict in culturally hetero$eneous *or8$rou s is im acted )y the communicative )ehaviors and strate$ies em loyed )y $rou mem)ers durin$ interactions( <

Ob$!cti%!s %his study lans to5 ,( e& lore the ractices of intercultural communication in the 'ational secondary "chools( .( e&amine the )arriers to intercultural communication, in articular, inter9ethnic relation in the 'ational "econdary "chools( 6( understand ho* do the media romote racial inte$ration in Malaysia( /( e&amine the influence of intercultural communication in fosterin$ racial inte$ration amon$ students of different ethnic $rou s in secondary schools(

R!s!arc# &u!stions

,( ?o* students of different ethnic $rou s erceived and racticed intercultural communication in national secondary schoolsH .( Fhat are the )arriers of intercultural communication, in articular, inter9ethnic relations in 'ational secondary schoolsH 6( ?o* do the media romote racial inte$ration in MalaysiaH 9?o* the media cultivate social erce tions a)out racial inte$ration /( %o *hat e&tent do intercultural communications foster racial interaction amon$ students of different ethnic $rou s in secondary schoolsH

M!t#odolo'y

%he desi$n of this study entailed a =uestionnaire survey research as a descri tive method to e& lore studentsD erce tions to*ards intercultural communication in multicultural schools( As !res*ell (.-->5<++), 2Isurvey research desi$n are rocedures in =uantitative research in *hich investi$ators administer a survey or =uestionnaires to a sam le or to the entire o ulation of eo le to descri)e the attitudes, o inions, )ehaviours or characteristics of the o ulation3 (

It re resents one of the most efficient *ays of collectin$ the ty e of data that are re=uired in this research( o(ulation o) t#! Study "am les *ere dra*n from four 'ational "econdary "chools around "elan$or, Malaysia( "elf9 administered =uestionnaires *ere distri)uted to ./- students attendin$ Ao*er "econdary (0orm one to three) and U er secondary (0orm four and five) classes( %he =uestionnaires *ere

administered in classes *ith the resence of the researchers to ensure hi$her res onse rate( %he distri)utions of the artici ants are as follo*s5 Malays (7>(> JB nK ,.>), !hinese (,,(CJB nK//) Indian (,>(6J nK .>) and others (,(6J nK6)( A)out /<(/ er cent (n K,-+) of the res ondents are male, *hile the rest (</(7J) are female res ondents( In relation to a$e,C-(/ er cent (nKC,) of them is ,79,C years old and *ith .+(7 er cent (nKC,) falls )et*een the a$es of ,69,< years old(%here are four 'ational "econdary "chool from "elan$or involved in this study *hereas "M4 Batu Muda (,<(>J nK6>), "M4 ?illcrest (6/(.J nK>.), "M4 4e on$ (.7(6J nK76) and "M4 %aman "elayan$ (.6(>J nK<C)( A)out half (<+(.J) of the res ondents re orted they C

s ea8s Malay in home,,-(C er cent s ea8s !hinese, C(< er cent students s ea8s En$lish, and only 6(6 J s ea8s %amil in home( It sho*s that they s ea8 in their o*n native lan$ua$e as *ell as usin$ En$lish as medium of communication in home( %heir family monthly earnin$ fell in the ran$e of RM.--, to RM6---, *hile the second most fre=uently re orted family income ran$e *as )elo* RM,---( %he ran$e of income indicated that res ondents come from moderate socio9 economy $rou ( Most of the res ondents re orted that their father *or8ed in rivate sectors (67(6J) and most of their mother as house*ife (<-(>J)( %he ercenta$e of the res ondents doin$ "#M is the hi$hest than others *here 6<(/ er cent for father education and /6(> er cent for mother education(

Tabl! *: Fr!&u!ncy and !rc!nta'!s o) t#! D!"o'ra(#ic C#aract!ristics o) t#! R!s(ond!nt

>

C#aract!ristics .!nd!r Male 0emale Et#nicity Malay !hinese Indian Others A'! ,69,< years ,79,C years Na"! o) sc#ool "M4 Batu Muda "M4 ?illcrest "M4 4e on$ "M4 %aman "elayan$ /a#asa !rtuturan di ru"a# Malay Aan$ua$e En$lish %amil !hinese Mi&ed Fat#!r0s Occu(ation :overnment #rivate Be8er1a "endiri Others Mot#!r0s Occu(ation ?ouse*ife :overnment #rivate Be8er1a "endiri Others

Fr!&u!ncy +n, ,-+ ,6, ,7< // .> 6 C, ,7+ 6> >. 76 <C

!rc!nta'! s +-, (/<(/J) (</(7J) (7>(>J) (,>(6J) (,,(CJ) (,(6J) (.+(7J) (C-(/J) (,<(>J) (6/(.J) (.7(6J) (.6(>J)

C#aract!ristics

Fr!&u!ncy +n,

!rc!nta'! s +-, (,<(/J) (.,(6J) (.-(/J) (,/(.J) (,-(/J) (,<(/J) (.(+J)

Mont#ly Inco"! L RM,--RM,--,9RM.--RM.--,9RM6--RM6--,9RM/--RM/--,9RM<--RM<--,9RM,---MRM,---, L!%!l o) Fat#!r0s Education "#M !ertificate Di loma Bachelor De$ree Master #?D Others L!%!l o) Mot#!r0s Education "#M !ertificate Di loma Bachelor De$ree Master #?D Others Ar!a o) li%in' "atu )an$saN8aum #el)a$ai )an$saN8aum 6C <, /+ 6/ .< 6C C

>< .< .< .7 ,7 > <<

(6<(/J) (,-(/J) (,-(/J) (,-(>J) (7(CJ) (6(6J) (..(+J)

,/. ,> > .7 /7 /< >C >. .7 ,.. </ /6 ,7 <

(<+(.J) (C(<J) (6(6J) (,-(>J) (,+(.J) (,>(>J) (67(6J) (6/(.J) (,-(>J) (<-(>J) (..(<J) (,C(+J) (7(CJ) (.(,J)

,-< .< 66 ,C ,, < //

(/6(>J) (,-(/J) (,6(>J) (C(,J) (/(7J) (,>(6J) (,>(6J)

6C .-6

(,<(/J) (>/(7J)

n1234

R!liability +

%he ori$inal items develo ed )y researchers for this instrument is /+ items( %hen, item analysis ( oint )iseral) *as run to see the relia)ility of this research( After doin$ item analysis, the items reduced to 6C items only (refer to %a)le 6)( %he value of O9!ron)ach for all items is (+,- and indicates that instrument had a hi$h relia)itity and validity ('unally, ,+C>)(

RESULTS5FINDIN.S %a)le .5 Descri tive Analysis

No *6 26 76 36 86 96 :6 ;6 <6 *46 **6 *26 *76 *36 *86 *96 It!"s "aya merasa )an$$a men1adi *ar$ane$ara Malaysia "aya melihat hu)un$an etni8 di Malaysia se8aran$ adalah san$at )ai8 ?u)un$an saya den$an 8aum lain di se8olah adalah )ai8 Ei8a saya )ermain su8an saya $emar se8iranya asu8an saya datan$ dari )er)ilan$ 8aum "aya mem unyai ramai 8a*an dari 8aum lain di se8olah Ei8a saya )ermain su8an saya $emar se8iranya asu8an saya datan$ dari )er)ilan$ 8aum "aya )erhara se8olah saya hanya mem unyai 8aum saya saha1a "aya in$in men$enali )udaya 8aum lain Ei8a saya mem unyai eluan$ saya in$in )ela1ar )ahasa 8aum lain 4eluar$a saya men$i)ar8an Ealur :emilan$ ada hari 8emerde8aan "e8olah saya adalah tem at untu8 saya men$enali )udaya 8aum lain :uru9$uru saya selalu )er)incan$ di dalam 8elas tentan$ entin$nya inte$rasi 8aum Ada )anya8 ro$ram yan$ dian1ur8an di se8olah ini yan$ da at memu u8 inte$rasi nasional Merde8a amat )erma8na untu8 diri saya "e8olah saya )er1aya memu u8 seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum "aya )er uas hati terhada usaha9usaha yan$ dila8u8an oleh $uru9$uru untu8 Stron'ly disa'r!! 6 (,J) + (/J) 6 (,J) 6C ,<J) C (6J) ,7 (CJ) ++ (/,J) < (.J) / (.J) ,+ (>J) 6 (,J) ,, /J) 7 .J) / (.J) ,(/J) ,(/J) Disa'r!! 9 << (.6J) ,< (7J) ,,/ />J) /> (.-J) << (.6J) ++ (/,J) ,< (7J) ,, (<J) /+ (.,J) ,7 (CJ) 67 ,<J) .7 ,,J) ,< (7J) <, (.,J) 6C (.,J) A'r!! C, (6-J) ,/C (7,J) ,7C (C-J) 7> .>J) ,6(</J) ,-> (/<J) ,> (>J) ,./ (<.J) C> (6.J) ,-/ (/6J) ,6+ (<>J) ,,+ <-J) ,/6 7-J) >/ (6<J) ,.(<-J) ,6(<-J) Stron'ly A'r!! ,77 (7+J) .+ (,.J) << (.6J) ., +J) << (.6J) 7, (.<J) ./ (,-J) +7 (/-J) ,/C (7,J) 7> (.>J) >. (6/J) C/ 6,J) 7< .CJ) ,6C (<CJ) <+ (.<J) 76 (.<J) M!an 6(7C .(>. 6(,/ .(6.(+C .(>+ ,(>7 6(66(<6 .(+. 6(.< 6(-C 6(,, 6(/> .(+< 6(-. SD (</7 (7>/ (<7> (>6< (C6+ (>7, (+66 (7C> (77< (>+< (76(>-(7>/ (7+(C+, (C7<

,-

*:6 *;6 *<6 246

2*6 226 276 236

286 296

2:6 2;6

2<6 746

7*6 726

memu u8 seman$at inte$rasi antara ela1ar dari el)a$ai aliran di se8olah saya "e8olah saya san$at istime*a 8erana ianya meyatu adu8an el)a$ai 8aum dalam satu 8a*asan se8olah "aya merasa8an media massa memain8an eranan yan$ san$at entin$ dalam memu u8 inte$rasi nasional "aya ercaya i8lan yan$ ditayan$8an melalui media da at meran$san$ hu)un$an antara 8aum #entad)iran se8olah menyedia8an infrastru8tur (s tB 8antin, de*an, adan$, dll) yan$ mencu8u i untu8 memu u8 8omuni8asi antara )udaya ?u)un$an antara ti$a 8aum utama di MalaysiaB Melayu, !ina dan India adalah harmoni 4a*an dari 8aum lain )anya8 mem)antu saya "aya )anya8 )ela1ar men$enai hu)un$an antara )udaya melalui mediamassa (televisyen, surat 8ha)ar, radio) #er$aulan den$an 8a*an98a*an dari 8aum lain di se8olah )anya8 mem en$aruhi andan$an saya tentan$ mere8a Banya8 ro$ram di televisyen yan$ mema ar8an tentan$ )udaya el)a$ai 8aum yan$ diamal8an di Malaysia "aya ernah menonton i8lan9i8lan di televisyen yan$ men$$am)ar8an seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum di Malaysia "aya selesa dudu8 dan ma8an )ersama ra8an9ra8an dari 8aum lain di 8antin 8eti8a *a8tu rehat "aya merasa selesa dan ya8in untu8 ma8an ma8anan yan$ telah disedia8an di ma1lis sam)utan de avali, tahun )aru cina dan aidilfitri yan$ telah diada8an di "e8olah 4e)an$saan "emua a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di se8olah saya meli)at8an ela1ar dari semua aliran se8olah #enyertaaan saya dalam a8tiviti 8o9 8uri8ulum di "e8olah sayase8aran$ )er1aya memu u8 sifat toleransi dan ersefahaman yan$ tin$$i "aya memahami ma8sud toleransi dan er aduan nasional antara 8aum "aya tida8 ernah dihina atau dicerca den$an un$8a an yan$ )er)au er8auman di se8olah ini

+ (/J) 7 (.J) 7 (.J) ,(/J) + (/J) + (/J) + (/J) ,. (<J) > (6J) < (.J) ,7 (CJ) ,, (<J)

.C (,,J) ,+ (>J) ./ (,-J) ./ (,-J) .7 (,,J) </ (.6J) <, (.,J) /. (,>J) .(>J) ,< (7J) +, (6/J) <, (.,J)

,/C (7,J) ,-< (//J) ,/, (<+J) ,6> (<>J) ,/(<>J) ,.7 (<6J) ,/< (7-J) ,/< (7-J) ,6C (<CJ) ,.+ (</J) ,-> (/<J) ,.. (<,J)

<C (./J) ,,(/7J) 7+ (.+J) 7> (.>J) 7< (.CJ) <, (.,J) 6< (,<J) /, (,CJ) C< (6.J) +, (6>J) 6< (,/J) <7 (.6J)

6(-6 6(-< 6(66

(C7< (C-C (C.>

6(,/ 6(,6(-+ .(+,

(7>< (C67 (C./ (C76

.(+6(,7

(C66 (C,-

6(.> .(7>

(/<, (>-/

.(+6

(C+,

+ (/J) ,, (<J) > (6J) ./ (,-J)

.. (+J) .+ (,.J) ./ (,-J) 7C (.>J)

,6(</J) ,/< (7-J) ,/6 (7-J) +< (/-J)

C+ (66J) << (.6J) 7< (.CJ) </ (..J)

6(,7 6(-,

(C6+ (C6,

6(,.(C<

(C-6 (+,>

,,

776 736

786 796

7:6

#ela1ar9 ela1ar se8olah ini tida8 mem unyai masalah er8auman( #eranan media se erti televisyen amat entin$ dalam mema ar8an 8e entin$an memu u8 seman$at )ersatu adu dalam masyara8at ma1mu8 se erti di Malaysia :uru9$uru dan 8a8itan$an so8on$an se8olah mem)eri layanan sama rata tan a men$ira 8aum :uru9$uru saya tida8 ernah men$$una8an )ahasa yan$ )ersifat er8auman 8eti8a )er8omuni8asi den$an ela1ar "aya su8a )ersu8an den$an ela1ar dari )erlainan a$ama dan 8aum

6, (,6J) C (6J) ,(/J) ,. (<J) ,C (CJ)

+< (/-J) + (/J) 6/ (,/J) 6+ (,7J) </ (..J)

>. (6/J) ,.> (<6J) ,,6 (/CJ) ,., (<,J) ,-+ (/7J)

6. (,6J) +7 (/-J) >6 (6<J) 7> (.>J) 7(.<J)

.(/> 6(66 6(,.

(>>, (C-+ (>-,

6(-. .(>>

(>-< (>7/

%he result of this study sho*ed the fre=uency and ercenta$e for each 6C items throu$h Ai8ert "cale and also e& lained each mean and standard deviation( %he total mean for %a)le . is -- and "DK(0rom a)ove ta)le, the results sho*s the hi$hest mean for item ,, 2"aya merasa )an$$a men1adi *ar$ane$ara Malaysia3 (MeanK6(7C, "DK(</7), item + 2Ei8a saya mem unyai eluan$ saya in$in )ela1ar )ahasa 8aum lain3 (MeanK6(<6, "DK(77<), and item ,/ 2Merde8a amat )erma8na untu8 diri saya3 (MeanK6(/>, "DK(7+-)( And the lo*est mean $oes to item C 2"aya )erhara se8olah saya hanya mem unyai 8aum saya saha1a3 (MeanK,(>7,"DK(+66), item / 2Ei8a saya )ermain su8an saya $emar se8iranya er8auman3 (MeanK.(/>,"DK(>>,)( asu8an saya datan$ dari )er)ilan$ 8aum3 (MeanK.(6-,"DK(>6<) and item 66 2#ela1ar9 ela1ar se8olah ini tida8 mem unyai masalah

oint /is!rial %he ori$inal items develo ed )y researchers for this instrument is /+ items( %hen, item analysis ( oint )iseral) *as run to see the relia)ility of this research( %he %a)le 6 sho*s the items reduced to 6C items only( %he value of O9!ron)ach for all items is (+,- and indicates that instrument had a hi$h relia)itity and validity(

Tabl! 7 oint /is!rial ,.

It!"s ,( .( 6( /( <( 7( C( >( +( ,-( ,,( ,.( ,6( ,/( ,<( ,7( ,C( ,>( ,+( .-( .,( ..( .6( "aya merasa )an$$a men1adi *ar$ane$ara Malaysia "aya melihat hu)un$an etni8 di Malaysia se8aran$ adalah san$at )ai8 ?u)un$an saya den$an 8aum lain di se8olah adalah )ai8 "aya selalu ma8an )ersama di 8antin se8olah di *a8tu rehat den$an 8a*an98a*an dari 8aum lain "aya mem unyai ramai 8a*an dari 8aum lain di se8olah "aya a$a8 8e)eratan untu8 menerima ela*aan untu8 ma8an di rumah 8a*an dari 8aum lain 0ahaman a$ama saya men$halan$ saya untu8 ma8an di rumah 8a*an yan$ men$anut a$ama lain 4e)anya8an 8a*an98a*an saya adalah dari 8aum saya sendiri Adalah le)ih mudah untu8 )er8a*an den$an 8aum sendiri 8erana 8ami mem unyai )anya8 ersamaan "aya tida8 ernah men1em ut 8a*an98a*an dari 8aum lain untu8 menyam)ut hari erayaan di rumah saya I)u)a a saya tida8 mem unyai ramai 8a*an98a*an dari 8aum lain Ei8a saya )ermain su8an saya $emar se8iranya asu8an saya datan$ dari )er)ilan$ 8aum "aya )erhara se8olah saya hanya mem unyai 8aum saya saha1a "aya in$in men$enali )udaya 8aum lain Ei8a saya mem unyai eluan$ saya in$in )ela1ar )ahasa 8aum lain I)u )a a saya tida8 men$$ala88an saya untu8 )er$aul den$an oran$ dari 8aum lain 4eluar$a saya men$i)ar8an Ealur :emilan$ ada hari 8emerde8aan "e8olah saya adalah tem at untu8 saya men$enali )udaya 8aum lain :uru9$uru saya selalu )er)incan$ di dalam 8elas tentan$ entin$nya inte$rasi 8aum Ada )anya8 ro$ram yan$ dian1ur8an di se8olah ini yan$ da at memu u8 inte$rasi nasional Merde8a amat )erma8na untu8 diri saya "e8olah saya )er1aya memu u8 seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum "aya )er uas hati terhada usaha9usaha yan$ dila8u8an oleh $uru9$uru untu8 memu u8 seman$at inte$rasi antara ela1ar dari el)a$ai aliran di se8olah saya ./( .<( "aya rasa 8aum lain mem unyai re1udis ( rasan$8a )uru8) tentan$ 8aum saya "e8olah saya san$at istime*a 8erana ianya meyatu adu8an el)a$ai 8aum dalam satu 8a*asan se8olah

Corr!ct!d It!"=Total Corr!lation (<-7 (/<> (<,6 (6-> (/.+ (-+9(-<(-7, (--. 9(-6. 9(-,7 (6>> 9(67< (<-> (/-+ 9(,C6 (6>< (/.+ (<,> (/67 (7,(</. (<+C

9(... (</+

,6

.7( .C( .>( .+( 6-( 6,( 6.( 66( 6/( 6<( 67( 6C( 6>(

"aya mem unyai rasan$8a )uru8 terhada 8aum lain "aya merasa8an media massa memain8an eranan yan$ san$at entin$ dalam memu u8 inte$rasi nasional "aya ercaya i8lan yan$ ditayan$8an melalui media da at meran$san$ hu)un$an antara 8aum #entad)iran se8olah menyedia8an infrastru8tur (s tB 8antin, de*an, adan$, dll) yan$ mencu8u i untu8 memu u8 8omuni8asi antara )udaya ?u)un$an antara ti$a 8aum utama di MalaysiaB Melayu, !ina dan India adalah harmoni 4a*an dari 8aum lain )anya8 mem)antu saya "aya )anya8 )ela1ar men$enai hu)un$an antara )udaya melalui mediamassa (televisyen, surat 8ha)ar, radio) 4e)anya8an dari ada an$$a an saya tentan$ 8aum lain di en$aruhi oleh i)u)a a saya #er$aulan den$an 8a*an98a*an dari 8aum lain di se8olah )anya8 mem en$aruhi andan$an saya tentan$ mere8a Banya8 ro$ram di televisyen yan$ mema ar8an tentan$ )udaya el)a$ai 8aum yan$ diamal8an di Malaysia "aya ernah menonton i8lan9i8lan di televisyen yan$ men$$am)ar8an seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum di Malaysia "aya selesa dudu8 dan ma8an )ersama ra8an9ra8an dari 8aum lain di 8antin 8eti8a *a8tu rehat "aya merasa selesa dan ya8in untu8 ma8an ma8anan yan$ telah disedia8an di ma1lis sam)utan de avali, tahun )aru cina dan aidilfitri yan$ telah diada8an di "e8olah 4e)an$saan

9(.<(6>/ (<./ (<C/ (<>6 (/7/ (6/(->. (./7 (<,< (<76 (6.+ (.6<

6+( /-( /,( /.( /6( //( /<(

"emua a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di se8olah saya meli)at8an ela1ar dari semua aliran se8olah #enyertaaan saya dalam a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di "e8olah sayase8aran$ )er1aya memu u8 sifat toleransi dan ersefahaman yan$ tin$$i "aya memahami ma8sud toleransi dan er aduan nasional antara 8aum "aya tida8 ernah dihina atau dicerca den$an un$8a an yan$ )er)au er8auman di se8olah ini #ela1ar9 ela1ar se8olah ini tida8 mem unyai masalah er8auman( "aya $emar mem)aca surat8ha)ar yan$ men$$una8an )ahasa ertuturan saya #eranan media se erti televisyen amat entin$ dalam mema ar8an 8e entin$an memu u8 seman$at )ersatu adu dalam masyara8at ma1mu8 se erti di Malaysia

(<,6 (/7> (/+, (.<6 (.7< (,.< (./7

/7(

:uru9$uru dan 8a8itan$an so8on$an se8olah mem)eri layanan sama rata tan a men$ira 8aum

(<-,

,/

/C( />( /+(

:uru9$uru saya tida8 ernah men$$una8an )ahasa yan$ )ersifat er8auman 8eti8a )er8omuni8asi den$an ela1ar %aha inte$rasi nasional di se8olah ini masih rendah "aya su8a )ersu8an den$an ela1ar dari )erlainan a$ama dan 8aum

(/,, 9(,-. (<-.

Factor Analysis 0actor Analysis *as used to inter ret the data of the study( %he method used is ma&imum li8elihood and o)limin factor(%he first ste of analyzin$ data is throu$h correlation matri& (see Appendix 1) to chec8 the attern of relationshi s( %he ta)le in A endi& , sho*s many items $reater than (6( %his indicated all =uestions in the ta)le correlate *ell and it is $ood indicator in usin$ factor analysis( Tabl! 3 >MO and /artl!tt0s T!st 4aiser 9Meyer9Ol8in Measure of "am lin$ Ade=uacy BartlettDs %est of " hericity A ro&( !hi9"=uare df si$ 6<47 6C>.(./6 777 ---

0or this data the value is -(+-6, *hich fall into the ran$e of )ein$ su er), *e should confident that factor analysis is a ro riate for this data( 4aiser (,+C/) recommends acce tin$ value $reater than -(< as acce ta)le(0uthermore, values )et*een -(< and -(C are mediocre, values )et*een -(C and -(> are $ood, values )et*een -(> and -(+ are $reat and values a)ove -(+ are su er) (?utcheson and "ofroniou,,+++)(%he BartlettDs test of " hericity value should )e

si$nificant (the si$( value should )e (-< or smaller) (#allant, Eulie,.--<)( In this data,the BartlettDs test is si$nificant ( L-(--,), therefore factor analysis is a ro riate( ,<

Factor E?traction Tabl! 8 Structur! Matri?

No6 *6 26 76 36 86 96 :6 ;6 <6 *46 **6 *26 *76 *36 *86 *96 *:6 *;6 *<6 246 2*6 226 276 236 286 296 2:6 2;6 2<6 It!" A/-5 "aya selesa dudu8 dan ma8an )ersama ra8an9ra8an dari 8aum lain di 8antin 8eti8a *a8tu rehat A<.5 "aya su8a )ersu8an den$an ela1ar dari )erlainan a$ama dan 8aum A65 ?u)un$an saya den$an 8aum lain di se8olah adalah )ai8 A6/5 4a*an dari 8aum lain )anya8 mem)antu saya A<5 "aya mem unyai ramai 8a*an dari 8aum lain di se8olah A,75 "aya in$in men$enali )udaya 8aum lain A,65 Ei8a saya )ermain su8an saya $emar se8iranya asu8an saya datan$ dari )er)ilan$ 8aum A,<5 "aya )erhara se8olah saya hanya mem unyai 8aum saya saha1a A/5"aya selalu ma8an )ersama di 8antin se8olah di *a8tu rehat den$an 8a*an98a*an dari 8aum lain A/,5 "aya merasa selesa dan ya8in untu8 ma8an ma8anan yan$ telah disedia8an di ma1lis sam)utan de avali, tahun )aru cina dan aidilfitri yan$ telah diada8an di "e8olah 4e)an$saan A//5 "aya memahami ma8sud toleransi dan er aduan nasional antara 8aum A./5 Merde8a amat )erma8na untu8 diri saya A.75 "aya )er uas hati terhada usaha9usaha yan$ dila8u8an oleh $uru9$uru untu8 memu u8 seman$at inte$rasi antara ela1ar dari el)a$ai aliran di se8olah saya A.-5 4eluar$a saya men$i)ar8an Ealur :emilan$ ada hari 8emerde8aan A..5 :uru9$uru saya selalu )er)incan$ di dalam 8elas tentan$ entin$nya inte$rasi 8aum A6.5 #entad)iran se8olah menyedia8an infrastru8tur (s tB 8antin, de*an, adan$, dll) yan$ mencu8u i untu8 memu u8 8omuni8asi antara )udaya A,5 "aya merasa )an$$a men1adi *ar$ane$ara Malaysia A665 ?u)un$an antara ti$a 8aum utama di MalaysiaB Melayu, !ina dan India adalah harmoni A.<5 "e8olah saya )er1aya memu u8 seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum A.>5 "e8olah saya san$at istime*a 8erana ianya meyatu adu8an el)a$ai 8aum dalam satu 8a*asan se8olah A.65 Ada )anya8 ro$ram yan$ dian1ur8an di se8olah ini yan$ da at memu u8 inte$rasi nasional A.5 "aya melihat hu)un$an etni8 di Malaysia se8aran$ adalah san$at )ai8 A.,5 "e8olah saya adalah tem at untu8 saya men$enali )udaya 8aum lain A6>5 Banya8 ro$ram di televisyen yan$ mema ar8an tentan$ )udaya el)a$ai 8aum yan$ diamal8an di Malaysia A6,5 "aya ercaya i8lan yan$ ditayan$8an melalui media da at meran$san$ hu)un$an antara 8aum A/>5 #eranan media se erti televisyen amat entin$ dalam mema ar8an 8e entin$an memu u8 seman$at )ersatu adu dalam masyara8at ma1mu8 se erti di Malaysia A6+5 "aya ernah menonton i8lan9i8lan di televisyen yan$ men$$am)ar8an seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum di Malaysia A6-5 "aya merasa8an media massa memain8an eranan yan$ san$at entin$ dalam memu u8 inte$rasi nasional A,C5 Ei8a saya mem unyai eluan$ saya in$in )ela1ar )ahasa 8aum Factor * (C6, (7>7 (7>(7C, (77+ (7<, (76, 9(7-(<>. (<</ (<,, (677 (/-7 (.7, (6-+ (/<7 (.,(<C(/77 (<-. (6/+ (/CC (/-> (.CC (67C (6>C (//+ (.,/ (6C+ Factor 2 (,+. (/</ (/7< (6+7 (//(6>> (6+, 9(.>+ (6-7 (,+> (/C(C>6 (76/ (7.C (7.6 (7,/ (7-C (<++ (<>7 (<>6 (<,/ (/+. (//, (/C+ (/>, (/>7 (<-> (6.+ (6</ Factor 7 (6,> (/<+ (6+> (//. (.++ (7-, (/,9(6(+C (.-> (6.(/// (<,+ (<,C (.>> (/<6 (<C+ (/// (/>, (/C6 (<.C (/.+ (67(6>. (77< (77. (7<. (7/7 (<<, (<.< Factor 3 (6+(6>/ (//7 (6C(.6C (/77 (.<+ 9(<-(.C< (..6 (/// (6-C (/<> (.-/ (.<7 (6C< (.+C (<<6 (/C+ (/+(6/C (/// (,>C (6.+ (6/> (<66 (//> (.6> (.66

,7

746 7*6 726 776 736

lain A/.5 "emua a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di se8olah saya meli)at8an ela1ar dari semua aliran se8olah A/65 #enyertaaan saya dalam a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di "e8olah sayase8aran$ )er1aya memu u8 sifat toleransi dan ersefahaman yan$ tin$$i A6<5 "aya )anya8 )ela1ar men$enai hu)un$an antara )udaya melalui mediamassa (televisyen, surat 8ha)ar, radio) A6C5 "aya selesa dudu8 dan ma8an )ersama ra8an9ra8an dari 8aum lain di 8antin 8eti8a *a8tu rehat A<-5 :uru9$uru saya tida8 ernah men$$una8an )ahasa yan$ )ersifat er8auman 8eti8a )er8omuni8asi den$an ela1ar

(6,(//7 (6/< (.+7 (.>,

(/C> (//7 (6/7 (.,(6>/

(<.. (/<< (6CC (6C. (6C>

(6+, (67/ (,/6 (,./ (7<6

786 796 7:6

A/+5 :uru9$uru dan 8a8itan$an so8on$an se8olah mem)eri layanan sama rata tan a men$ira 8aum A/75 #ela1ar9 ela1ar se8olah ini tida8 mem unyai masalah er8auman( A/<5 "aya tida8 ernah dihina atau dicerca den$an un$8a an yan$ )er)au er8auman di se8olah ini

(.-(6/C (.66

(/+/ (,</ (,6.

(//< (,C7 (,>>

(7.> (<C6 (<<7

Tabl! 9 att!rn Matri?

No6 *6 26 76 36 86 96 :6 ;6 <6 *46 **6 *26 *76 *36 *86 *96 *:6 *;6 *<6 It!" A665 ?u)un$an antara ti$a 8aum utama di MalaysiaB Melayu, !ina dan India adalah harmoni A,75 "aya in$in men$enali )udaya 8aum lain A.>5 "e8olah saya san$at istime*a 8erana ianya meyatu adu8an el)a$ai 8aum dalam satu 8a*asan se8olah A<.5 "aya su8a )ersu8an den$an ela1ar dari )erlainan a$ama dan 8aum A65 ?u)un$an saya den$an 8aum lain di se8olah adalah )ai8 A6.5 #entad)iran se8olah menyedia8an infrastru8tur (s tB 8antin, de*an, adan$, dll) yan$ mencu8u i untu8 memu u8 8omuni8asi antara )udaya A./5 Merde8a amat )erma8na untu8 diri saya A6+5 "aya ernah menonton i8lan9i8lan di televisyen yan$ men$$am)ar8an seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum di Malaysia A.75 "aya )er uas hati terhada usaha9usaha yan$ dila8u8an oleh $uru9$uru untu8 memu u8 seman$at inte$rasi antara ela1ar dari el)a$ai aliran di se8olah saya A.<5 "e8olah saya )er1aya memu u8 seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum A6/5 4a*an dari 8aum lain )anya8 mem)antu saya A/>5 #eranan media se erti televisyen amat entin$ dalam mema ar8an 8e entin$an memu u8 seman$at )ersatu adu dalam masyara8at ma1mu8 se erti di Malaysia A//5 "aya memahami ma8sud toleransi dan er aduan nasional antara 8aum A6,5 "aya ercaya i8lan yan$ ditayan$8an melalui media da at meran$san$ hu)un$an antara 8aum A<5 "aya mem unyai ramai 8a*an dari 8aum lain di se8olah A,65 Ei8a saya )ermain su8an saya $emar se8iranya asu8an saya datan$ dari )er)ilan$ 8aum A.5 "aya melihat hu)un$an etni8 di Malaysia se8aran$ adalah san$at )ai8 A,<5 "aya )erhara se8olah saya hanya mem unyai 8aum saya saha1a A/65 #enyertaaan saya dalam a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di "e8olah sayase8aran$ )er1aya memu u8 sifat toleransi dan ersefahaman yan$ Factor * (7C< (7<. (7/6 (7/, (76< (76, (7.> (7,> (7,6 (7,. (7-7 (<+> (<C7 (<76 (<76 (<76 (</C 9(<// (<6, (6.. 9(,7, (,+, 9(.>7 9.(/C 9(.>> 9(.-, 9(,>7 9(,/> 9(.>< (,</ (... (,+< 9(./+ 9(.7(,C. (6+6 (,,9(.,/ 9(,69(..+ 9(,7< (.-9(,,. 9(,.C Factor 2 9(..6 Factor 7 Factor 3 9(,C. (...

,C

246 2*6 226 276 236 286 296 2:6 2;6 2<6 746 7*6 726 776 736 786 796 7:6

tin$$i A6>5 Banya8 ro$ram di televisyen yan$ mema ar8an tentan$ )udaya el)a$ai 8aum yan$ diamal8an di Malaysia A..5 :uru9$uru saya selalu )er)incan$ di dalam 8elas tentan$ entin$nya inte$rasi 8aum A/.5 "emua a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di se8olah saya meli)at8an ela1ar dari semua aliran se8olah A.65 Ada )anya8 ro$ram yan$ dian1ur8an di se8olah ini yan$ da at memu u8 inte$rasi nasional A/+5 :uru9$uru dan 8a8itan$an so8on$an se8olah mem)eri layanan sama rata tan a men$ira 8aum A,5 "aya merasa )an$$a men1adi *ar$ane$ara Malaysia A,C5 Ei8a saya mem unyai eluan$ saya in$in )ela1ar )ahasa 8aum lain A.,5 "e8olah saya adalah tem at untu8 saya men$enali )udaya 8aum lain A<-5 :uru9$uru saya tida8 ernah men$$una8an )ahasa yan$ )ersifat er8auman 8eti8a )er8omuni8asi den$an ela1ar A/5 Ei8a saya )ermain su8an saya $emar se8iranya asu8an saya datan$ dari )er)ilan$ 8aum A.-5 4eluar$a saya men$i)ar8an Ealur :emilan$ ada hari 8emerde8aan A/,5 "aya merasa selesa dan ya8in untu8 ma8an ma8anan yan$ telah disedia8an di ma1lis sam)utan de avali, tahun )aru cina dan aidilfitri yan$ telah diada8an di "e8olah 4e)an$saan A6<5 "aya )anya8 )ela1ar men$enai hu)un$an antara )udaya melalui mediamassa (televisyen, surat 8ha)ar, radio) A6-5 "aya merasa8an media massa memain8an eranan yan$ san$at entin$ dalam memu u8 inte$rasi nasional A6C5 "aya selesa dudu8 dan ma8an )ersama ra8an9ra8an dari 8aum lain di 8antin 8eti8a *a8tu rehat A/-5 "aya selesa dudu8 dan ma8an )ersama ra8an9ra8an dari 8aum lain di 8antin 8eti8a *a8tu rehat A/<5 "aya tida8 ernah dihina atau dicerca den$an un$8a an yan$ )er)au er8auman di se8olah ini A/75 #ela1ar9 ela1ar se8olah ini tida8 mem unyai masalah er8auman(

(<.. (<.(<-7 (<-< (/>(/C< (/7> (/77 (/7(/<> (//> (/.+ (6+C (6+7 (6.. (<.> (.>. (66+

(.>+ (6-< (,++ (,<> (.>< (6+/ (/--

(6,+

9(,.C

(.C. 9(.-7 (//> 9(66/ (6-+ 9(6/+ 9(,7+ (.-/ 9(,.+ 9(.6. 9(,67 9(,79(..> (,.(,,7 (6/. (./< 9<(7, 9(,.C 9(.6+ (/>/ (/6, 9(,.. 9(,C7

Tabl! : Rotat!d )actor Matri? )or 7: sur%!y it!"s

No6 *6 26 76 36 86 96 :6 ;6 <6 *46 **6 *26 It!" A/- 5 "aya selesa dudu8 dan ma8an )ersama ra8an9ra8an dari 8aum lain di 8antin 8eti8a *a8tu rehat A<5 "aya mem unyai ramai 8a*an dari 8aum lain di se8olah A<.5 "aya su8a )ersu8an den$an ela1ar dari )erlainan a$ama dan 8aum A6/5 4a*an dari 8aum lain )anya8 mem)antu saya A65 ?u)un$an saya den$an 8aum lain di se8olah adalah )ai8 A,65 Ei8a saya )ermain su8an saya $emar se8iranya asu8an saya datan$ dari )er)ilan$ 8aum A/5 "aya selalu ma8an )ersama di 8antin se8olah di *a8tu rehat den$an 8a*an98a*an dari 8aum lain A/,5 "aya merasa selesa dan ya8in untu8 ma8an ma8anan yan$ telah disedia8an di ma1lis sam)utan de avali, tahun )aru cina dan aidilfitri yan$ telah diada8an di "e8olah 4e)an$saan A,75 "aya in$in men$enali )udaya 8aum lain A,<5 "aya )erhara se8olah saya hanya mem unyai 8aum saya saha1a A//5 "aya memahami ma8sud toleransi dan er aduan nasional antara 8aum A/65 #enyertaaan saya dalam a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di "e8olah Factor * (C.C (7/(<++ (<+C (<+. (<C< (<7> (<6> (<.< 9(<,< (6C7 (6,. (.+< (.>. Factor 2 (6-< (./(,C< (.C. (.-. (,C/ (,+< (/67 9(,+> (... (.C+ (..6 (..+ (,.. (..Factor 7 (,.Factor 3 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (.6, 9(6/7 (./+ (,7C

,>

*76 *36 *86 *96 *:6 *;6 *<6 246 2*6 226 276 236 286 296 2:6 2;6 2<6 746 7*6 726 776 736

sayase8aran$ )er1aya memu u8 sifat toleransi dan ersefahaman yan$ tin$$i A./5 Merde8a amat )erma8na untu8 diri saya A.-5 4eluar$a saya men$i)ar8an Ealur :emilan$ ada hari 8emerde8aan A..5 :uru9$uru saya selalu )er)incan$ di dalam 8elas tentan$ entin$nya inte$rasi 8aum A,5 "aya merasa )an$$a men1adi *ar$ane$ara Malaysia A.75 "aya )er uas hati terhada usaha9usaha yan$ dila8u8an oleh $uru9$uru untu8 memu u8 seman$at inte$rasi antara ela1ar dari el)a$ai aliran di se8olah saya A6.5 #entad)iran se8olah menyedia8an infrastru8tur (s tB 8antin, de*an, adan$, dll) yan$ mencu8u i untu8 memu u8 8omuni8asi antara )udaya A.<5 "e8olah saya )er1aya memu u8 seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum A665 ?u)un$an antara ti$a 8aum utama di MalaysiaB Melayu, !ina dan India adalah harmoni A.>5 "e8olah saya san$at istime*a 8erana ianya meyatu adu8an el)a$ai 8aum dalam satu 8a*asan se8olah A.65 Ada )anya8 ro$ram yan$ dian1ur8an di se8olah ini yan$ da at memu u8 inte$rasi nasional A.5 "aya melihat hu)un$an etni8 di Malaysia se8aran$ adalah san$at )ai8 A.,5 "e8olah saya adalah tem at untu8 saya men$enali )udaya 8aum lain A6>5 Banya8 ro$ram di televisyen yan$ mema ar8an tentan$ )udaya el)a$ai 8aum yan$ diamal8an di Malaysia A6,5 "aya ercaya i8lan yan$ ditayan$8an melalui media da at meran$san$ hu)un$an antara 8aum A6-5 "aya merasa8an media massa memain8an eranan yan$ san$at entin$ dalam memu u8 inte$rasi nasional A/>5 #eranan media se erti televisyen amat entin$ dalam mema ar8an 8e entin$an memu u8 seman$at )ersatu adu dalam masyara8at ma1mu8 se erti di Malaysia A6+5 "aya ernah menonton i8lan9i8lan di televisyen yan$ men$$am)ar8an seman$at muhi))ah antara 8aum di Malaysia A,C5 Ei8a saya mem unyai eluan$ saya in$in )ela1ar )ahasa 8aum lain A/.5 "emua a8tiviti 8o98uri8ulum di se8olah saya meli)at8an ela1ar dari semua aliran se8olah A6C5 #er$aulan den$an 8a*an98a*an dari 8aum lain di se8olah )anya8 mem en$aruhi andan$an saya tentan$ mere8a A6<5 "aya )anya8 )ela1ar men$enai hu)un$an antara )udaya melalui mediamassa (televisyen, surat 8ha)ar, radio) A<-5 :uru9$uru saya tida8 ernah men$$una8an )ahasa yan$ )ersifat er8auman 8eti8a )er8omuni8asi den$an ela1ar

(,</ (,,C (,6/

(C6, (7/7 (<7, (<<>

(.76

(.<+ (.7< (.C> (6C+ (.,+ (,>7 (.>< (./, (,-< (..7 (7-. (<C6 (<6< (<,. (<-(/</ (6>. (6/6/6 (..( (.,. ( ( (,,6 (,,7 (,-< (./, (,,> (.C. (66C (.7C (,<+ (.7>

(.-6 (.7+ (.>+ (6++ (6., (,+(6/> (6,.

(<-7 (/<< (//6 (/.C (/-+ (/-< (676 (66/ (.>/

(,C,

(.7C (,<6

(,7< (.<. (.<< (,.. (..> (.7-

(.<(.>(,7/ (6.6

(..C

(.>-

(..7 786 796 7:6 A/<5 "aya tida8 ernah dihina atau dicerca den$an un$8a an yan$ )er)au er8auman di se8olah ini A/75 #ela1ar9 ela1ar se8olah ini tida8 mem unyai masalah er8auman( A/+5 :uru9$uru dan 8a8itan$an so8on$an se8olah mem)eri layanan sama rata tan a men$ira 8aum (,.C (.7. (67C

(,C( ( (./6

(<+, (<C. (<7< (</,

%a)le C sho*s the rotated factor matri& *hich is a matri& of the factor loadin$s for each varia)le onto each factor( 0actor loadin$s less than -(6 have not )een dis layed )ecause researcher as8ed for these loadin$s to )e su ressed( %he items are listed in the order of size of their factor loadin$s ( ,+

Factor Crit!rion %he follo*in$ scree lot $ra hically dis lays the ei$envalues for each factor( Fi'ur! * Scr!! lot

Tabl! 8 .oodn!ss=o)=)it T!st Chi-square ;:86*8: df <./ Tabl! 9 .Sig. (---

Total %arianc! !?(lain!d

Factor %otal * 2 7 3 ,,(,/7 .(7,> ,(+-/ ,(<77 Initial Ei'!n%alu!s J of Gariance 6-(,.< C(-C< <(,/C /(.66 !umulative J 6-(,.< 6C(.-/.(6/C /7(<>, E?traction Su"s o) S&uar!d Loadin's %otal J of !umulative Gariance J ,-(<7 / .(-C6 ,(.>+ (+>.>(<<6 <(7-6 6(/>6 .(7<.>(<<6 6/(,<< 6C(76+ /-(.>+ Rotation Su"s o) S&uar!d Loadin's %otal J of !umulative Garianc J e /(+, ,6(.>7 ,6(.>7 7 /(,+ ,,(6.< ./(7,, 6(/, +(..C 66(>6> / .(6> 7(/<, /-(.>+ C

%a)le -- sho*s total variance e& lained( 0actor , e& lains 6-(,.<J of total variance( 0actor . e& lains 6C(.-- J, factor 6 e& lains /.(6/CJ and factor / e& lains /7(<>,J of total variance( %hen, e&tracts all factor *ith ei$envalues $reater than ,, *hich leaves *ith four factors(

Su""ary o) )actor analysis %here are four factors e&tracted from the analysis( 0actor one is holistic inte$ration included ,. items(e& lainI( Tabl! : Factor on!: Holistic Int!'ration
Factor * Holistic Int!'ration +*2 it!"s, It!" 34 Saya s!l!sa dudu@ dan "a@an b!rsa"a ra@an=ra@an dari @au" lain di @antin @!ti@a Aa@tu r!#at It!" 8 Saya "!"(unyai ra"ai @aAan dari @au" lain di s!@ola# It!" 73 >aAan dari @au" lain banya@ "!"bantu saya It!" 7 Hubun'an saya d!n'an @au" lain di s!@ola# adala# bai@ It!" 82 Saya su@a b!rsu@an d!n'an (!la$ar dari b!rlainan a'a"a dan @au" It!" *7 Bi@a saya b!r"ain su@an saya '!"ar s!@iranya (asu@an saya datan' dari b!rbilan' @au" It!" 3 Saya s!lalu "a@an b!rsa"a di @antin s!@ola# di Aa@tu r!#at d!n'an @aAan=@aAan dari @au" lain It!" 3* Saya "!rasa s!l!sa dan ya@in untu@ "a@an "a@anan yan' t!la# dis!dia@an di "a$lis sa"butan d!(a%aliC ta#un baru cina dan aidil)itri yan' t!la# diada@an di S!@ola# >!ban'saan It!" *9 Saya in'in "!n'!nali budaya @au" lain It!" *8 Saya b!r#ara( s!@ola# saya #anya "!"(unyai @au" saya sa#a$a It!" 37 Factor Loadin' (C.C (7/(<+C (<+. (<++ (<C< (<7> (<6> Ei'!n%alu! ,,(,/7 - o) %arianc! 6-(,.<J Cronbac# Al(#a (C><

(<.< 9(<,< (6C7

.,

!ny!rtaaan saya dala" a@ti%iti @o=@uri@ulu" di S!@ola# sayas!@aran' b!r$aya "!"u(u@ si)at tol!ransi dan (!rs!)a#a"an yan' tin''i It!" 33 Saya "!"a#a"i "a@sud tol!ransi dan (!r(aduan nasional antara @au"

(6,.

Tabl! ; Factor tAo: !rs!@itaran Mu#ibba# dan atrioti@

Factor 2 !rs!@itaran Mu#ibba# dan atrioti@ +*2 it!"s, It!" 23 M!rd!@a a"at b!r"a@na untu@ diri saya It!" 24 >!luar'a saya "!n'ibar@an Balur .!"ilan' (ada #ari @!"!rd!@aan It!" 22 .uru='uru saya s!lalu b!rbincan' di dala" @!las t!ntan' (!ntin'nya int!'rasi @au" It!" * Saya "!rasa ban''a "!n$adi Aar'an!'ara Malaysia It!" 29 Saya b!r(uas #ati t!r#ada( usa#a=usa#a yan' dila@u@an ol!# 'uru='uru untu@ "!"u(u@ s!"an'at int!'rasi antara (!la$ar dari (!lba'ai aliran di s!@ola# saya It!" 72 !ntadbiran s!@ola# "!ny!dia@an in)rastru@tur +s(tD @antinC d!AanC (adan'C dll, yan' "!ncu@u(i untu@ "!"u(u@ @o"uni@asi antara budaya It!" 28 S!@ola# saya b!r$aya "!"u(u@ s!"an'at "u#ibba# antara @au" It!" 77 Hubun'an antara ti'a @au" uta"a di MalaysiaD M!layuC Cina dan India adala# #ar"oni It!" 27 Ada banya@ (ro'ra" yan' dian$ur@an di s!@ola# ini yan' da(at "!"u(u@ int!'rasi nasional It!" 2 Saya "!li#at #ubun'an !tni@ di Malaysia s!@aran' adala# san'at bai@ It!" 2* S!@ola# saya adala# t!"(at untu@ saya "!n'!nali budaya @au" lain It!" 2; S!@ola# saya san'at isti"!Aa @!rana ianya "!yatu(adu@an (!lba'ai @au" dala" satu @aAasan s!@ola# Factor Loadin' (C.C (7/(<+C (<+. (<++ Ei'!n%alu! - o) %arianc! Cronbac# Al(#a

(<C< (<7> (<6> (<.< 9(<,< (6C7 (6,. .(7,> 6C(.--J (>C.

Tabl! < Factor t#r!!: >!s!daran M!dia5ran'san'an M!dia

Factor 7 >!s!daran M!dia5ran'san'an M!dia +; it!"s, It!" 7; /anya@ (ro'ra" di t!l!%isy!n yan' "!"a(ar@an t!ntan' budaya (!lba'ai @au" yan' dia"al@an di Malaysia It!" 7* Saya (!rcaya i@lan yan' ditayan'@an "!lalui "!dia da(at "!ran'san' #ubun'an antara @au" It!" 74 Saya "!rasa@an "!dia "assa "!"ain@an (!ranan yan' san'at (!ntin' dala" "!"u(u@ int!'rasi nasional It!" 3; !ranan "!dia s!(!rti t!l!%isy!n a"at (!ntin' dala" "!"a(ar@an @!(!ntin'an "!"u(u@ s!"an'at b!rsatu (adu dala" "asyara@at "a$"u@ s!(!rti di Malaysia It!" 7< Saya (!rna# "!nonton i@lan=i@lan di t!l!%isy!n yan' "!n''a"bar@an s!"an'at "u#ibba# antara @au" di Malaysia It!" *: Bi@a saya "!"(unyai (!luan' saya in'in b!la$ar ba#asa @au" lain It!" 7: Factor Loadin' (7-. (<C6 (<6< (<,. Ei'!n%alu! ,(+-/ - o) %arianc! /.(6/CJ Cronbac# Al(#a (C/6

(<-(/</ (6/-

..

!r'aulan d!n'an @aAan=@aAan dari @au" lain di s!@ola# banya@ "!"(!n'aru#i (andan'an saya t!ntan' "!r!@a It!" 32 S!"ua a@ti%iti @o=@uri@ulu" di s!@ola# saya "!libat@an (!la$ar dari s!"ua aliran s!@ola#

(6>.

Tabl! *4 Factor t#r!!: !rs!@itaran S!@ola# ositi) Int!'rasi

Factor 3 !rs!@itaran S!@ola# ositi) Int!'rasi +3 it!"s, It!" 84 .uru='uru saya tida@ (!rna# "!n''una@an ba#asa yan' b!rsi)at (!r@au"an @!ti@a b!r@o"uni@asi d!n'an (!la$ar It!" 38 Saya tida@ (!rna# di#ina atau dic!rca d!n'an un'@a(an yan' b!rbau (!r@au"an di s!@ola# ini It!" 39 !la$ar=(!la$ar s!@ola# ini tida@ "!"(unyai "asala# (!r@au"an6 It!" 3< .uru='uru dan @a@itan'an so@on'an s!@ola# "!"b!ri layanan sa"a rata tan(a "!n'ira @au" Factor Loadin' (<+, (<C. ,(<77 (<7< (</, /7(<>,J (7+7 Ei'!n%alu! - o) %arianc! Cronbac# Al(#a

ost Hoc .!n!ral Lin!ar Mod!l

/iblio'ra(#y A)dul Raza= Ahmad, 'orhasni Painal A)idin, Palizan Mohd Eelas, Anisa "aleha( (.-,,)( %eachersD #ers ective to*ard "chools Diversity in Malaysia, International ournal of !usiness and "ocial "cience, Gol( ., 'o( /, ( ,C>9,>+( !ress*ell Eohn( F( (.-->)( Educational Research(#lannin$, !onductin$, and Evaluatin$ Quantitative and Qualitative Research('e* Eersey5#earson Education International(

'a1eemah Mohd ;usof((.--<)( Multicultural education ractice amon$ teachers in national secondary schools5 a case study in 4edah, urnal #endidik dan #endidikan, Eil( .-, ( +C9,,( #allant, Eulie ((.--<)( "#"" "urvival Manual( Ai$are( "ydney Ramlee Musta ha, 'orzaini Azman, 0aridah 4arim, A)dul Raza8 Ahmad, Maimun A=sha Au)is( (.--+)( "ocial inte$ration amon$ multi9ethnic students at selected Malaysian universities in #eninsular Malaysia5 a survey of cam us social climate( A"$A% ournal of Teaching and &earning in 'igher $ducation, Gol ,, 'o(,, ( 6<9//( .6

"hamsul Amri Baharuddin ((.--C)( Modul hu)un$an etni8( #usat #ener)itan Universiti (U#E'A) Ui%M "hah Alam(

./

A((!ndi? * !orrelation !oefficients

a1 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a13 a15 a16 a17 a20 a21 a22 a23 a24 a25 a26 a28 a30 a31 a32 a33 a34 a35 a37 a38 a39 a40 a41 a42 a43 a44 a45 a46 a48 a49 a50 a52 1 a2 .328** 1 a3 .328** .476** 1 a4 .104 .332** .402** 1 a5 .193** .337** .567** .421** 1 a6 .199** .293** .433** .424** .415** 1 a15 -.082 -.334** -.413** -.348** -.321** -.362** 1 a16 .256** .307** .499** .276** .401** .478** -.484** 1 a17 .238** .142** .253** .166** .202** .262** -.198** .465** 1 a20 .374** .263** .318** .217** .306** .201** -.153* .135* .177** 1 a21 .255** .184** .309** .093 .321** .201** -.162* .325** .299** .280** 1 a22 .377** .305** .218** .207** .272** .314** -.088 .249** .318** .370** .324** 1 a23 .269** .330** .260** .189** .213** .191** -.270** .261** .208** .254** .303** .338** 1 a24 .544** .283** .276** .227** .281** .305** -.151* .262** .293** .528** .332** .496** .409** 1 a25 .271** .455** .342** .264** .291** .250** -.355** .316** .306** .266** .319** .349** .451** .442** 1 a26 .280** .360** .309** .198** .334** .246** -.282** .260** .245** .351** .273** .346** .370** .453** .507** 1 a28 .271** .330** .326** .293** .347** .318** -.440** .405** .228** .310** .338** .349** .360** .414** .446** .578** 1 a30 .287** .180** .200** .075 .165* .170** -.124 .301** .266** .123 .139* .170** .294** .262** .210** .225** .277** 1 a31 .234** .321** .229** .211** .198** .351** -.258** .344** .306** .209** .172** .342** .252** .401** .375** .344** .426** .470** 1 a32 .322** .269** .336** .256** .343** .387** -.290** .326** .301** .342** .342** .457** .318** .466** .382** .419** .424** .242** .453** 1 a33 .307** .438** .428** .295** .364** .385** -.372** .441** .294** .360** .282** .351** .225** .453** .403** .502** .515** .128* .296** .415** 1 a34 .171** .322** .415** .344** .388** .399** -.387** .446** .274** .131** .359** .222** .299** .333** .339** .269** .435** .195** .287** .343** .438** 1 a35 .117 .173** .166** .188** .283** .210** -.100 .177** .163** .209** .261** .166** .287** .270** .252** .319** .260** .280** .346** .303** .165* .266** 1 a37 .122 .237** .277** .086 .241** .075 -.186** .222** .269** .096** .274** .147** .165** .049 .128** .221** .244** .190** .220**` .174** .128** .305** .297** 1 a38 .313** .173** .191** .100 .136* .186** -.199** .343** .347** .283** .236** .283** .203** .388** .327** .424** .325** .316** .495** .425** .338** .196** .223** .290** 1 a39 .285** .338** .336** .156* .269** .298** -.306** .399** .307** .231** .272** .371** .287** .394** .310** .402** .385** .301** .399** .401** .467** .333** .252** .228** .502** 1 a40 -.029 .256** .449** .440** .420** .420** -.433** .422** .239** .005 .252** .125 .203** .144** .257** .204** .257** .119 .203** .225** .358** .519** .252** .141* .107 .352** 1 a41 .139* .177** .367** .393** .361** .332** -.353** .374** .279** .063 .178** .080 .131* .131* .168** .210** .208** .062 .164* .263** .274** .357** .186** .196** .251** .210** .470** 1 a42 .342** .208** .323** .089 .177** .271** -.198** .321** .282** .253** .200** .286** .278** .406** .193** .363** .217** .320** .277** .377** .349** .255** .166** .193** .316** .381** .167** .213** 1 a43 .265** .315** .326** .197** .341** .249** -.260** .369** .283** .206** .245** .291** .247** .291** .385** .336** .265** .201** .221** .331** .313** .287** .315** .214** .285** .365** .279** .262** .266** 1 a44 .341** .292** .413** .259** .400** .281** -.347** .426** .256** .232** .318** .263** .323** .363** .325** .283** .385** .178** .256** .270** .393** .321** .183** .151* .250** .346** .341** .329** .297** .370** 1 a45 .064 .139* .270** .134* .081 .087 -.231** .242** .100 .016 .052 .040 .079 .046 .150* .158* .243** .063 .089 .149* .273** .153* -.017 .010 .134* .161* .188** .096 .191** .118 .197** 1 a46 .003 .215** .215** .261** .182** .129* -.311** .224** .105 .091 .070 .026 .049 .071 .245** .168** .213** .066 .153* .145* .321** .212** .137* .006 .122 .186** .374** .097 .111 .065 .223** .482** 1 a48 .400** .297** .329** .221** .171** .305** -.402** .437** .305** .232** .224** .311** .326** .320** .339** .340** .362** .388** .433** .384** .365** .261** .145* .175** .395** .490** .200** .167** .371** .286** .399** .215** .201** 1 a49 .331** .262** .238** .095 .126 .074 -.196** .265** .138* .223** .122** .294** .311** .335** .287** .364** .329** .254** .282** .348** .328** .182** .165* .100 .259** .280** .094 .014 .390** .325** .304** .252** .279** .402** 1 a50 .282** .303** .268** .109 .078 .166** -.252** .257** .151* .142* .138** .232** .299** .223** .376** .298** .270** .131* .245** .251** .306** .241** .087 .089 .213** .283** .237** .193** .268** .312** .255** .330** .316** .333** .541** 1 a52 .156* .338** .434** .356** .446** .528** -.424** .480** .232** .220** .315** .247** .326** .388** .432** .295** .297** .167** .330** .380** .397** .568** .311** .192** .256** .293** .517** .257** .272** .413** .309** .110 .222** .363** .244** .250** 1

.<

A((!ndi? 2

0actor %ransformation Matri& Factor * 2 7 3 * (<+6 9(C/> 9(.+6 9(-<. 2 (</C (<+. 9(6,> (/++ 7 (/>. (.+6 (->. (>.. 3 (6/6 9(-7, (>+> 9(.7+

0actor !orrelation Matri& Factor * 2 7 3 * ,(--2 (<.. ,(--7 (</> (7C6 ,(--3 (<,, (<,C (<<. ,(---

.7

A((!ndi? 7

.C

Factor Factor *:Int!'rasi Holisti@ +*2 it!"s, It!" 34 Saya s!l!sa dudu@ dan "a@an b!rsa"a ra@an=ra@an dari @au" lain di @antin @!ti@a Aa@tu r!#at It!" 8 Saya "!"(unyai ra"ai @aAan dari @au" lain di s!@ola# It!" 73 >aAan dari @au" lain banya@ "!"bantu saya It!" 7 Hubun'an saya d!n'an @au" lain di s!@ola# adala# bai@ It!" 82 Saya su@a b!rsu@an d!n'an (!la$ar dari b!rlainan a'a"a dan @au" It!" *7 Bi@a saya b!r"ain su@an saya '!"ar s!@iranya (asu@an saya datan' dari b!rbilan' @au" It!" 3 Saya s!lalu "a@an b!rsa"a di @antin s!@ola# di Aa@tu r!#at d!n'an @aAan=@aAan dari @au" lain It!" 3* Saya "!rasa s!l!sa dan ya@in untu@ "a@an "a@anan yan' t!la# dis!dia@an di "a$lis sa"butan d!(a%aliC ta#un baru cina dan aidil)itri yan' t!la# diada@an di S!@ola# >!ban'saan It!" *9 Saya in'in "!n'!nali budaya @au" lain It!" *8 Saya b!r#ara( s!@ola# saya #anya "!"(unyai @au" saya sa#a$a It!" 37 !ny!rtaaan saya dala" a@ti%iti @o=@uri@ulu" di S!@ola# sayas!@aran' b!r$aya "!"u(u@ si)at tol!ransi dan (!rs!)a#a"an yan' tin''i It!" 33 Saya "!"a#a"i "a@sud tol!ransi dan (!r(aduan nasional antara @au" Factor 2: !rs!@itaran Mu#ibba# dan atrioti@ +*2 it!"s, It!" 23 M!rd!@a a"at b!r"a@na untu@ diri saya It!" 24 >!luar'a saya "!n'ibar@an Balur .!"ilan' (ada #ari @!"!rd!@aan It!" 22 .uru='uru saya s!lalu b!rbincan' di dala" @!las t!ntan' (!ntin'nya int!'rasi @au" It!" * Saya "!rasa ban''a "!n$adi Aar'an!'ara Malaysia It!" 29 Saya b!r(uas #ati t!r#ada( usa#a=usa#a yan' dila@u@an ol!# 'uru='uru untu@ "!"u(u@ s!"an'at int!'rasi antara (!la$ar dari (!lba'ai aliran di s!@ola# saya It!" 72 !ntadbiran s!@ola# "!ny!dia@an in)rastru@tur +s(tD.> @antinC d!AanC (adan'C dll, yan' "!ncu@u(i untu@ "!"u(u@ @o"uni@asi antara budaya It!" 28 S!@ola# saya b!r$aya "!"u(u@ s!"an'at "u#ibba# antara @au"

Factor Loadin'

Ei'!n%alu!

- o) %arianc!

Cronbac# Al(#a

(C.C

(7/-

(<+C

(<+. (<++ (<C< (<7> (<6>

,,(,/7

6-(,.<J

(C><

(<.< 9(<,< (6C7

(6,.

(C6, (7/7 (<7, (<<> (<-7

(/<<

(//6

.(7,>

6C(.--J

(>C.

.+