CRE TERM PAPER On

Ideal and Non Ideal behavior in Stirred Tank Reactor

Submitted By: Keshu Lakhotia (10BCH010) Badal Lodhari (10BCH011) Binoli Shah (10BCH049) Sukriti Agrawal (10BCH057)

Guided By: Prof. R.K. Mewada Prof. Ronak Patel

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Ideal and Non Ideal behaviour in Stirred Tank Reactor

Aim:
To find the extent of non-idealities present in stirred tank with pulse input with reference to ideal reactor and to carry out three different sets of experiments and demonstrate different extent of non-idealities varying from ideal reactor to perfectly non-ideal system. Also predict the conversion for a first order irreversible reaction of known rate constant for all the three cases.

Apparatus:
Conical Flasks, 1000 ml beaker (reactor), test tubes, stirrer, measuring cylinder, stop watch, connecting pipes, overhead storage tank, ball valve or rotameter, conductivity meter, agitator.

Chemicals:
Sodium Acetate, Distilled water, KMNO4

Theory:
Non idealities in a stirred tank reactor can be created due to following reasons: 1) Bypassing or short Circuiting By passing means that some part of material injected does not take part in the reaction and passes out directly. 2) Dead volume Dead volume is introduced due to improper mixing of the solution due to which some part of the material stays in the reactor for longer time compared to the other. Due to these non idealities, all fluid elements have different residence time inside the reactor and hence we need to find the residence time distribution for the system.

Procedure:
Fill the overflow tank with water and set in such a way that a steady state is obtained in the reactor and agitator is started which provides good turbulence during agitation. Water rate is introduced in the reactor and simultaneously the stopwatch is started and flow rate is measured.

Measure the time taken for dummy tracer using 1N KMNO4.Take about 15 samples at a regular time interval according to the flow rate and provision for continuous measurement is provided. The reactor is open to atmosphere. Ideal System: Start the agitator at 900rpm so that it gives complete and proper mixing of the system and inject 5N Sodium Acetate, which works as a tracer, in the inlet pipe which ensures it goes at the bottom of the reactor and short circuiting is avoided.

Fig 1: ideal system Non Ideal System: Start the agitator at 200rpm ,so that improper mixing of the system takes place, introducing dead volume and inject 5N Sodium Acetate, which works as a tracer, at the surface so that by passing of tracer takes place.

Fig2 : Non Ideal System Intermediate System: Start the agitator at 500 rpm and inject 5N Sodium Acetate in middle of the solution.

Fig3 : Intermediate system Reaction:

CH3COONa + H2O ---- > NaOH + CH3COOH

Observation:
Volume of the reactor: 950 ml Volumetric flow rate: 25.8 ml/ sec Initial Conductivity of Sodium Acetate: 94.6 ms Initial Conductivity of water: 2.1 ms Residence time: 4mins 20secs

Observation Table: (are attach through a excel file) Calculations: (are attach through a excel file) Graphs: (are attach through excel file ) Result: Residence time of ideal system is observed which is 71.56 s where in the non ideal
system, it is 39.72 s, but in the ideal-non ideal system residence time is 63.38 s.

Conclusion: Using tracer we can predict the time required to exit its first and last drop of the
solution. It is observed due to dead volume created by non ideal system and in ideal-non ideal systems by passing also takes place, their residence time is much lesser than that for ideal system. By comparing graphs of ideal and non ideal systems we can check the non idealities which occurs and affects the systems.