Summary: In this paper the use of coal, found at Jabba Taar and Jabba Khushk Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa,

in cement manufacturing as a major fuel and its impacts on the raw mix and clinker parameters has been discussed. The maximum amount of coal for pul eri!ing with raw mix was found to be "#$%of the raw mix as calculated from the calorific alue and the heat of clinkeri!ation of coal. The coal residue left after burning was utili!ed in the cement raw material, for which a new raw mix was designed. The new raw mix was con erted in to clinker. The resulting clinker was studied for all parameters as per &ritish specification. It was found that the clinker obtained from the newly designed raw mix with coal ash, was in accordance to the &ritish standard specifications.

Introduction 'igh strength Portland cement is recogni!ed as the major construction material (")*+. ,ith the increase in population, the need and use of cement is increasing with tremendous speed. Therefore new plants are being installed with a high speed. Portland cement is made by grinding clinker and gypsum together in the ratio of -./. by weight (*+. 0linker is made in a kiln and is composed mainly of calcium oxide 1here noted as C2, silica 1S2, alumina 1A2 and ferric oxide 1F2, manifested as four primary clinker compounds 10*3, 043, 0*5 and 06572 in the approximate ratios of 8/4/"/", respecti ely (6+. 9imestone is the major source of 0a: and makes up to about ".. of the ".; tons of raw materials consumed per ton of clinker produced. 5 wide ariety of secondary materials, such as coal combustion products can be used as partial substitutes for primary rock)based raw materials. 3election criteria of fuel include composition, energy and other cost sa ings and the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. 0alcination of limestone to yield 0a: produces a lot of 0:4. The total production of 0:x from the calcination of raw material and fuel combustion is nearly " ton per ton of clinker and is the major reason, why kilns consume about *<; =J of heat energy per ton of clinker, depending on kiln technology (.+. 3ome secondary materials are po!!olans> they become cementitious when reacted with lime (8+. Po!!olans can be mixed with Portland cement to make blended cements or can replace some of the Portland cement in concrete> in either case, the re?uisite lime is produced by the hydration of 0*3 and 043. Po!!olan addition generally impro es the performance of concrete. : erall, secondary material usage by the cement industry is increasing and reached nearly .$ of total raw materials consumed in 4##.. 0oal combustion products accounted for *$ of total raw materials in 4##., including nearly * @t of fly ash and about " @t of bottom ash for clinker and about #.. @t of synthetic gypsum 1about "#$ of total gypsum2 for cement. 5lthough only about #.4 @t of fly ash was used in 4##. as po!!olan in cement, the concrete industry itself used almost "6 @t of fly ash 1mostly as a po!!olan2, as well as about " @t of bottom ash as an aggregate(;+. 9ow)A:x burners at power plants produce a high)carbon fly ash that, unless treated, is unsuitable as a po!!olan, but can still be used in cement kilns. 0oal is a combustible carbonaceous rock, containing many kinds of organinc and inorganic material, formed from accumulated egetable matter that has been altered by decay and arious amounts

of heat and pressure o er millions of years(B)-+. 0oal aries widely in its composition. It is composed chiefly of rings of six carbon atoms joined together in an extremely complex composition of layered arrangements that ha e in them, not only hydrogen but significant amounts of oxygen and nitrogen. The structure also includes arying amounts of sulphur and other en ironmental pollutants. Cp to one tenth of the total mass of coal can be material with no fuel alue. 0oal is usually analysed for moisture, olatile matter, fixed carbon and ash. The sulphur and nitrogen content are important as emissions of their chemical oxides during coal burning can cause acid rain ("#+. J.Chem.Soc.Pak., Vol. 33, No. 2, 20
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whom all correspondence should be addressed.

J.Chem.Soc.Pak., Vol. 33, No. 2, 20 !" The cement industry being the second biggest coal user in the country is important to the country ("")"4+. 0oal is found in all the four pro inces of Pakistan. The country has huge coal resources, about "B. billion tones, out of which *.* billion tones are in pro enEmeasured category and about "" billions are indicated reser es. The present work, deals with utili!ation of local coal, in cement manufacturing, its formulation for blending with raw mix and its impact on raw material and clinker parameters.