IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES L 3 T P 0 0 C 3

Aims and Objectives: To develop theoretical and algorithmic principles behind the acquisition, display, manipulation and processing of digital images. To explore the methods used to digitize, transfer, display, organize, process and compare digital images and image sequences. To analyze technique in image compression Prerequisites: Design and Analysis of Algorithms, C or C++ programming languages and object oriented design, Matrix Algebra, Fourier Transforms Course Outcome: Will get knowledge on Image Transform, Image Enhancement and Image segmentation techniques, color image processing and image compression. Unit I: Image Formation and Display Digital Image Structure, cameras and eyes, Television video signals, other image acquisition and display, brightness and contrast adjustments, grayscale transforms. Warping. Unit II: Linear Image processing Convolution, 3x3 edge modification Analysis, FFT Convolution. Unit III: Special Imaging Techniques Techniques Spatial Resolution, sample spacing and sampling aperture, signal to noise ratio, morphological image processing, computed tomography. Unit IV: Data compression Data Compression Strategies, Run length Coding, Huffman Encoding, Delta Encoding, LZW Compression, JPEG (Transform Compression), MPEG. Applications and Techniques of Image processing in Remote Sensing, Bio medical, Forensic and Security.

Text Books:Reference Books: 1. Steven W. Smith, Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Guide for Engineers and Scientists, Elsevier, 2003 2. Anil.K.Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing PHI, 1995. 3. R.C.Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, PHI, 2002.

RF AND MICROWAVE CIRCUIT DESIGN L 3 T P 0 1 C 4

Aims and Objectives: This course aims to provide students with the essential techniques for designing analog electronic circuits at intermediate frequency and radio frequency stages. Pre-requisite: Microwave engineering Course Outcome: Able to design RF and Microwave circuit. Unit-I: Wave Propagation in Networks Introduction to RF/Microwave Concepts and applications; RF Electronics Concepts; Fundamental Concepts in Wave Propagation; Circuit Representations of two port RF/MW networks. Unit-II: Microwave Passive components: Isolators, circulators, Directional couplers, Duplexers Matching circuits for Antenna elements Unit-III: Passive Circuit Design The Smith Chart, Application of the Smith Chart in Distributed and lumped element circuit applications, Design of Matching networks.S- Parameters and Microwave Transistor Definitions and use of S Parameters with passive and active devices - Noise analysis in linear two port networks - Modeling of microwave bipolar transistor Microwave FET-DC biasing- Impedance matching - S-parameter matrix and properties of S-parameters. Unit-IV: Amplifier Design Unilateral and non-unilateral design - One stage and multistage design - Low-noise amplifiers - High-power amplifiers - Balanced amplifiers - Feedback - Design examples Small-signal distributed amplifiers. RF/MW Amplifiers Small Signal Design, Large Signal Design, RF/MW Oscillator Design, RF/MW Frequency Conversion Rectifier and Detector Design, Mixer Design, RF/MW Control Circuit Design, RF/MW Integrated circuit design. Unit-V: Oscillator Design Resonators Dielectric resonators YIG resonators Varactor resonators Resonator measurements Two-port oscillator design Noise Lessons oscillator model Low-noise design. Non-linear oscillator model Unit-VI: Mixer Design Diode mixer theory - Single diode mixers - Single-balanced mixers - Double balanced mixers - FET mixer theory - Balanced FET Mixers - Spectral mixer circuits Image rejection mixer - single side band modulator performance - Simple sub harmonically pumped mixer circuit configuration. Microwave and RF measurements: Power, Standing wave ratio, frequency, Spectrum Analyzer, Vector Network Analyzer.

Reference Books: 1.. Reinhold Ludwig and PavelBretchko, RF Circuit Design: Theory and Applications, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2004. 2. Matthew M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency and Microwave Electronics Illustrated," Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2004. 3. Websites of AGILENT, Anritsu Electric, W & G.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN L 3 T P 0 0 C 3

Aim and Objectives: To provide the detailed understanding of the embedded system design methodology and the applications in communication systems Prerequisites:Computer architecture, Digital system design and mathematical foundations like graph theory and set theory Course Outcome: Will prepare the students to learn Embedded systems which will prepare them for industry jobs. Introduction to Embedded System: An embedded system, processor, hardware unit, software embedded into a system, Example of an embedded system, OS services, Embedded Design life cycle; Modeling embedded systems Processor and Memory Organization: Structural unit in as processor, processor selection for an embedded systems. Memory devices, memory selection for an embedded system, allocation of memory to program statements and blocks and memory map of a system. Direct memory accesses. Devices and Buses for Device Networks: I/O devices, serial communication using FC, CAN devices, device drivers, parallel port device driver in a system, serial port device driver in a system, device driver for internal programmable timing devices, interrupt servicing mechanism, V context and periods for switching networked I/O devices using ISA, PCI deadline and interrupt latency and advanced buses. Programming Concepts and embedded programming in C: Languages, Firmware development environment, Startup code or Boot loader, Abstraction Layers, Application Layer, build download debug process of firmware. Program Modeling Concepts in Single and Multiprocessor Systems: software development process, modeling process for software analysis before software implementation, programming model for the event controlled or response time constrained real time programs, modeling of multiprocessor system. Inter-Process Communication and Synchronization of Processors Tasks: and threads; multiple process in an application, problems of sharing data by multiple tasks and routines, inter process communications. RTOS task scheduling models interrupt literacy and response times, performance metric in scheduling models, standardization of RTOS, list of basic functions, synchronization.

Text Book: 1. Raj Kamal, Embedded systems Architecture, Programming and design, Second Edition, 2008. 2. Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, Embedded System Design: A Unified Harware /Software Approach, John Wiley, 2002. Reference Books: 1. Steve Heath , Embedded Systems Design, EDN Series , 2003. 2. Wayne Wolf Computers as components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design, The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Architecture and Design, 2008 3. Jane W. S., Liu, Real time systems, Pearson Education, 2000. st 4. David E simon, An Embedded Software Primer, 1 edition, Addison Wesley 1999.

COMMUNICATION ICs AND DESIGN APPLICATIONS Aim and Objectives: To learn integrated circuit design techniques, L T P C transceiver architectures and to deal with telecommunication ICs. Prerequisites: Circuits, RF circuits & systems, Digital integrated 3 0 0 3 circuits, Analog integrated circuits Course Outcome: Students will be knowing about design issues of communication ICs and their applications Introduction to RF IC design Gain, decibels, impedance, levels. Nonlinearities and harmonic distortions. Intermodulation, dynamic range. Introduction to random processes and noises Review of thermal noise. Noise models and circuit noise calculations. Introduction to low-noise amplifiers, Low-noise RF amplifiers structure. Relationship between power consumption, gain, linearity and noise figure. Nonlinear Elements Nonlinear elements, their characteristics and approximation methods. Harmonics analysis of the current in the nonlinear elements. Nonlinear resonant amplifiers and frequency multipliers. RF mixers: Up and down conversion mixers, single and double balanced mixers. Oscillators Types of oscillators. Feedback oscillator topologies. Resonant oscillators. Crystal oscillators. Small signal analysis of an oscillator. Short introduction to Voltage Controlled Oscillators(VCOs). Transceivers Transceivers architectures. Transceivers functions and characteristics. Direct conversion and super heterodyne receivers. Phase-locked loops: Phase-locked loops and frequency synthesis. Basic building blocks of the PLL. PLL synthesizers for radio applications. Telecommunication ICs PCM, CVSD codec, filters MODEMS, LAN chip sets, ISDN Codecs, Telephone subscriber circuits, line interface, switched capacitor, DSP chips. High Speed decision circuits. MIC and MMIC. High speed DSP Chips. Fiber optic chips. Reference Books rd 1. D.M. Pozar. Microwave Engineering. 3 Ed., N.Y., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. th 2. Leon W. Couch. Digital and Analog Communication Systems . 6 Ed, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 2001. nd 3. B.Sklar. Digital Communications. Fundamentals and Applications. 2 Ed., Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 2001.

HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORKS L 3 T P 0 0 C 3

Aims and Objectives: This course teaches the networking principles, various type of switching network and wireless Network. Prerequisites: Basic knowledge about the networks Outcome: Know the different type of wireless network existing and the use of high speed networks and use those networks in real time applications. Unit I : Basics of Networks Telephone, computer, Cable television and Wireless network, networking principles, Digitalization Service and layered architecture, traffic characterization and QOS, networks services network elements and network mechanisms Unit II : Packet Switched Networks OSI and IP models Ethernet (IEEE 802.3); token ring (IEEE 802.5), FDDI, DQDB, frame relay, SMDS, Internet working with SMDS. Unit III: Internet and TCP/IP Networks Overview, internet protocol, TCP and UDP, Performance of TCP/IP networks circuits switched networks SONET DWDM, VPN and MPLS , VoIP and TVoIP. Unit IV: ATM and Wireless Networks Main features addressing, signaling and routing ATM header structure-adaptation layer, management and control, BISDN, Inter working with ATM, Wireless channel, link level design channel access Network design and wireless networks Unit V: Optical Networks and Switching Optical links WDM systems, cross-connects optical LANs optical paths and networks TDS and SDS modular switch designs- Packet switching, shared, input and output buffers Text Books: 1. Jean walrand and PravinVaraiya, High Performance Communication Networks, 2nd edition, Harcourt and Morgan Kanffman, London, 2000 Reference Books: nd 1. Leon Garcia, Widjaja, Communication networks, 2 edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2003 2. LumitKasera,PankajSethi, ATM Networks, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,2000 3. Behrouz.a. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2000. Proceedings

WIRELESS MOBILE NETWORKS L 3 T P 0 1 C 4

Aim and Objective: To know about the various spectrum allocation standards and BW allocation, to initiate into the world of Mobile Communication System and to keep abreast of the future of mobile communication. Prerequisites: Modulation Theory Course Outcome: Will train the students on various generation of Wireless networks. Unit I: Wireless transmission: Introduction to Wireless mobile networks and its applications; Frequencies for radio transmission-Signals-Antennas-Signal propagation-multiplexingModulation-Spread spectrum-Cellular systems Unit II: Medium access control: Motivation for a specialized MAC-SDMA-FDMA-TDMA-CDMA-Comparison of S/T/F/CDMA IS-95, CDMA2000 1X/3X-WCDMA (3G) Unit III: Telecommunications systems: GSM-Mobile services-system architecture, radio interface, protocols, localization and calling, Handover, Security, New data services- GPRS,EDGE (2.5G),UMTS and IMT2000 (3G). Unit IV: Mobile Network layer: Mobile IP-Goals and requirements, entities and terminology, IP packet delivery, Agent discovery, Registration, Tunneling and encapsulation, optimizations, IPV6 343, IP micro-mobility support; Dynamic host configuration protocol; Mobile ad-hoc networks. Unit V: Mobile Transport layer: Traditional TCP- Congestion control, Slow start, Fast retransmit/fast recovery, Implications of mobility; Classical TCP improvements-Indirect TCP 375, Snooping TCP 378, Mobile TCP 380, Fast retransmit/fast recovery 382, Transmission/time-out freezing 383, selective retransmission 383, Transaction-oriented TCP 384, TCP over 2.5/3G wireless networks, Performance enhancing proxies. Text Book: 1. Mobile Communication, Education,2003

JochenSchiller

Second

Edition,

PEARSON

Reference Books: 1. Wireless Communications principles and practice, Theodore S.Rappaport, second edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2006 2. Wireless Information Networks ,K. Pahlavan and A. Levesque ,John Wiley and Sons, second edition, 2005 .