CEFTAZIDIME

Trade Name: Ceptaz, Tazidime, Fortaz, Tazicef

Classification: Cephalosporin 3rd generation
Doctor’s Order: 50mg/kg IV q 8hr
Drug Action: It inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall which then causes cell death
Indication: Ceftazidime is indicated to the patient to treat respiratory tract infection, to
manage its manifesting symptoms and especially to eliminate its causative
agent.
Contraindication: It is contraindicated to patients with:
> allergy to cephalosporins
> allergy to penicillins
> renal failure
Side Effects:
CNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain,flatulence
Hypersensitivity: rash to fever
Local: pain, phlebitis
Other: Superinfections, disulfram like action with alcohol
Adverse Effects:
GI: pseudomembranous colitis
Hematologic: bone marrow depression
Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis
Nursing Considerations:
1. Assess liver and kidney dysfunction, skin status, culture of affected area
2. Arrange for sensitivity tests before and during the therapy
3. For direct IV administration, reconstitute 1g in 10ml sterile water for injection.
Give over 3-5 mins.
4. For intermittent administration, further dilute in 500-100mL solution and
administer over 30-60mins.
5. Do not add Ceftazidime to solutions containing aminoglycosides.
6. Have Vitamin K available in case of hypothrombinemia occurs
7. Discontinue if hypersensitivity occurs.
Health Teachings:
1. Inform the patient and significant others that certain side effects may occur:
stomach upset or diarrhea
2. Instruct the patient to avoid alcohol intake while on the drug therapy and for 3
days after because severe reactions may occur
3. Remind the patient and the significant others to report severe diarrhea,
difficulty of breathing, unusual tiredness or fatigue, pain at injection site.
4. Remind the patient and significant others to complete the entire prescription
and instruct the patient not to stop medication despite the feeling better.
5. Inform the patient to return for follow up check up (ear, throat culture and x-
ray)
HYOSCINE BUTYLBROMIDE

Trade Name: Scopolaine Hbr, Scopace

Classification: Anticholinergic
Doctor’s Order: 0.006mg/kg IV
Drug Action: It is anticholinergic with CNS depressant effects. It inhibits excessive
motility and hypertonus of the GI tract. It blocks the effects of
acetylcholine at muscarinic cholinergic receptors that mediate the effects
of parasympathetic postganglionic impulses, depressing salivary and
bronchial secretions, inhibiting vagal influences on the heart relaxing the
GI and GU tracts, inhibiting gastric acid secretion.
Indication: This drug is indicated to the patient to inhibit excessive motility and
hypertonus of the GI tract
Contraindication: It is contraindicated to patients with:
> hypersensitivity to > bladder neck obstruction
anticholinergic drugs > bronchial asthma
> stenosing peptic ulcer > COPD
> severe ulcerative colitis > cardiac arrythmias
> liver and kidney dysfunction > use cautiously with Down
syndrome, brain damage,
hyperthyroidism
Side Effects:
CNS: pupil dilation, photophobia, blurred vision, headache, drowsiness
GI: dry mouth, constipation,
GU: Urinary hesitancy and retention
Other: nasal congestion, decreased sweating
Adverse Effect: anaphylaxis
Nursing Considerations:
1. Assess hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs, presence of stenosing peptic
ulcer, severe ulcerative colitis, liver and kidney dysfunction, bladder neck
obstruction,bronchial asthma, COPD, cardiac arrhythmias, Down syndrome, brain
damage, hyperthyroidism. Assess vital signs, adventitious and bowel sounds,
reflexes
2. Ensure adequate hydration
3. Provide environmental control (temperature) to prevent hyperpyrexia
4. Protect solution from light
Health Teachings:
1. Instruct the patient to avoid hot environments because they will be heat intolerant
and dangerous reactions may occur.
2. Inform the patient/family that these side effects may occur: dizziness, drowsiness
(avoid tasks requiring alertness), constipation (proper diet and increase oral fluid
intake), dry mouth (frequent mouth care), blurred vision (avoid tasks requiring
acute vision), difficulty in urinating (empty bladder before drug administration)
3. Instruct the patient to alcohol because serious sedation could occur.
4. Instruct patient/family to report rash, flushing, difficulty in breathing, tremors,
irregular heartbeat, abdominal distention, severe persistent dry mouth.