POWER ELECTRONICS LAB

JU

School of Engineering & Technology

Jakkasandra Post, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara(D), Pin Code: 562 112

Global Campus

JAIN UNIVERSITY
Decl ared as D eem ed -to -b e Un i versi ty u / s 3 o f th e UG C Act 195 6

IV SEMESTER

Dept. of ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

POWER ELECTRONICS
LAB MANUAL

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________ USN : ______________________________________________________________________

YEAR: ______________________________________________________________________

Dept. of EEE, Jain University 1

POWER ELECTRONICS LAB INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Come well prepared for conducting the Lab experiment. 2. Maintain the silence in the Lab. 3. Keep the Lab Clean. 4. Keep your belongings in appropriate place provided to you. 5. Do not come late to the Lab. 6. Work only on table allotted for you.

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7. In the first half an hour of your Lab. session start, take required Components, Instruments from the counter by submitting the Components Issue Slip (according to experiment) . 8. Check all the Components before rig up the circuit. 9. After completing the circuit connection, consult with the staff member before switching it ON. 10. The CRO once switched ON need not switched OFF till the completion of the experiment. 11. Before switching ON Power Supply and Function Generator , make sure that the Voltage/Amplitude control knob of these Instruments are at their minimum position and while switching OFF the circuit, first switch OFF the Function Generator and then the Power Supply. 12. Be sure about the result expected and set the instruments in the expected range. 13. After the completion of the experiment arrange all patch cords, CRO Probes and Instruments properly on the table and ensure that all AC Power Supply switches of the working table are switched OFF. 14. Return the Components taken from counter.

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB

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POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY MANUAL

[04EEL47]

Prepared By:
Raghu N Aparna Rao S L

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CONTENTS
Sub Code : 12EEL48 Hrs/week : 03 Total Hrs : 42 C.I.A Marks: 80 Exam. Hours: 03 Exam Marks: 20

Note: Each student has to do any one of the experiments given below in the examination individually. SL No i. 1 2 3 4

Title of the Experiments

First Cycle Experiments Static characteristics of SCR. Static characteristics of MOSFET & IGBT. SCR turn-on circuit using Synchronized UJT relaxation oscillator. Single-phase full-wave rectifier with R and R-L loads AC voltage controller using TRIAC and DIAC combination connected to R

Page No

and R-L loads. SCR Digital triggering circuit for a single-phase controlled rectifier or A.C.

6 ii. 1

voltage controller. Second Cycle Experiments Speed control of a separately excited DC motor using an IGBT or MOSFET chopper. Speed control of Stepper motor. Speed control of universal motor and single- phase induction motor using

A.C. voltage controller. MOSFET or IGBT based single-phase full-bridge inverter connected to R load. To construct and test the single phase series and parallel inverter. To study the turnoff method of thyristors and to plot the graph of voltage

4 5 6

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB versus firing angle for class B and class D commutation circuits.

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OBJECTIVES
Three-phase induction machines account for a high percentage of this country in industrial application. To study 3-phase induction machines, by using its experimentally developed setup and by obtaining its basic characteristics: torque/slip, current/slip and efficiency /slip characteristics, etc. Three-phase synchronous machines account for a high percentage of this country in power generation sector. Understanding the machines behavior and determining its equivalent network and performance characteristics are of prime importance to a power engineer. Specific tests are run to determine equivalent circuit parameters, torque, power factor control and efficiency.

PRE-REQUISITE
FOR STAFF AND STUDENTS: Staffs/students should know the theoretical knowledge of basic power devices like diodes, Thyristor, etc. firing control. IN LABORATORY: We require following equipments: SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, MOSFET, IGBT Devices. Power Supply, AC machines, DC machines. Rheostat, incandescent bulb. Lamp load. Inductive load. Measuring instruments (Voltmeter, Ammeter).

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First Cycle Experiments

1. STATIC V-I CHARACTERISTIC OF SCR

AIM: Obtain the static V-I characteristic of SCR and hence find the values of
latching current and holding current. OR Obtain the static characteristic of SCR, clearly indicating switching region. Demonstrate that gate current has no effect on the device after it is turned on.

APPARATUS:
SL NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS SCR Module DC Power Supply DC Power Supply Rheostat Voltmeter Ammeter SPECIFICATIONS 25RIA120 0-300 Volts \ 2 Amp. D.C. 0-30 Volts \ 2 Amp. D.C. 0-500 / 2 Amps. 0-200 Volts D.C. 0-1 Amp. D.C. 0-200 mA D.C. QTY 01 01 01 02 01 01 01

Symbol:

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Circuit Diagram:
(0-100)mA 500 ohms A (0-30)mA 500 Ohms

+
Ia

SCR
G K

Ig

+
V (0-300V) TPS1 (0-30V)

+ -

VAK

+ -

RPS1 (0-300V)

Observation column:

Ig=

Il =

Ih=

Forward Anode Current IA (mA)

Forward AnodeCathode Voltage VAK (volts)

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PROCEDURE:(i) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. (ii) Keep both the power supplies TPS1 & RPS1 to zero position and switch ON the supply mains. (iii) By varying the gate-to-cathode power supply TPS1, the gate current Ig is increased to a certain value say 29 mA, (but below Igmax) and is kept constant. (iv) Using the anode-to-cathode power supply RPS1, the anode-to-cathode voltage VAK is increased gradually in suitable steps .Once the SCR is turned ON , remove the gate signal (Ig=0) and note down the value of latching current which keeps the device in the ON state. Thereafter VAK is increased in steps and the corresponding readings of forward anode current Ia is noted down. (v) Now the anode-to-cathode voltage VAK is gradually decreased by varying RPS1. At some point anode current (Ia) becomes zero. The value of anode current just before zero is the holding current. (vi) Switch off the power supplies RPS1 & TPS1 and main power supply. (vii) Plot the static V-I characteristics of the SCR for the fixed gate current.
(viii)

The same procedure is repeated for different values of gate current.

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Static V-I Characteristics of SCR

IA (mA)

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Forward Conduction Mode (OnState)

Ig= ------ mA IL IH VBR VBO VAK (volts)

Forward Blocking Mode

Reverse Blocking Mode

Application : It is use for switching purpose. It is used for phase control operation. It is best suitable for controlled rectifiers. AC regulators, lighting and heating applications.

PROBABLE VIVA QUESTIONS:

1.

What is a thyristor? Give the family of a thyristor. Name the most popular thyristor. Give the schematic diagram and symbol of a thyristor

2. 3.

4. Explain the different modes of operation of a thyristor with the help of its static V-I Characteristic. 5. Distinguish between latching current and holding current of an SCR.

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB of the operating point.

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6. Draw thyristor gate V-I characteristic, indicating clearly the gate drive limits and selection

Result:

2. STATIC CHARACTERESTICS OF MOSFET

AIM: - Conduct an experiment to obtain drain and mutual characteristic of a
MOSFET and to plot the graph for the same. OR Conduct an experiment to obtain the mutual characteristic of a power MOSFET. Find its transconductance gm.

APPARATUS:SL NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS MOSFET Module DC Power Supply Rheostat Voltmeter Ammeter SPECIFICATIONS IRF840 Dual Ch. 0-30 Volts 2 Amp. D.C. 0-500 / 2 Amps. 0-200 V Volts D.C. 0-20 V Volts D.C. 0-1 Amp. D.C. 0-200 mAmp. D.C. QTY 01 02 02 01 01 01 01

Nature of the graphs:

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Mutual Characteristics (ID/ VGS)

ID (mA)

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ID (mA)

ID VGS
VGT VGS (volts)

ID VDS
0

VDS (volts)

MOSFET IRF840

Circuit Diagram:
(0-100)mA

D 100 Ohms G MOSFET +

+ A

100 Ohms

VDS S + + TPS1 (0-30 V) VGS (0-30 V) V (0-30 V) + TPS2 V

(0-30 V)

Observation:

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VGS(Volts)

ID( mA)

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Mutual Characteristics: Characteristics:

VDS = VGS =

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VDS(Volts)

ID ( mA)

PROCEDURE:
(A) Mutual Characteristics: 1) Circuit connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2) Keeping both the TPS1 and TPS2 at minimum positions, switch ON the power supplies. 3) Using TPS2, the drain-source voltage VDS is increased to a certain value, say VDS=5v and is held constant. 4) Using TPS1, the gate-source voltage VGS is gradually increased in steps and the drain current ID also starts increasing and the threshold voltage VGT (below which the device is off) is noted down. 5) Now the gate-source voltage VGS is gradually increased in suitable steps using TPS1, and note down the readings of VGS & ID for each step. 6) Decrease VGS & VDS to zero and switch off the power supply. 7) Plot the mutual characteristics ID versus VGS and compute the transconductance, gm = ID/VGS __________mho Dept. of EEE, Jain University 12 for VDS = __________Constant

POWER ELECTRONICS LAB

(B). Drain Characteristics: 1) Circuit connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

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2) Keeping both TPS1 and TPS2 at m inimum positions, switch ON the power supplies. 3) Using RPS1 the gate-source voltage VGS is increased to a certain value, say VGS=5v and is held constant. 4) Using TPS2 the drain-source voltage VDS is gradually increased in suitable steps and note down the readings of VDS & ID for each step. 5) Decrease VDS & VGS to zero position and switch off the power supply. 6) Plot the drain characteristics ID versus VDS and compute the drain resistance rd = VDS / ID= _________ohms for VGS = ____________ Constant

Applications:
High frequency and low power inverters.

High frequency choppers. High frequency SMPS. Low power AC & DC drives.

PROBABLE VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is a power MOSFET? Give its basic structure and symbol. 2. Explain n-channel & p-channel enhancement power MOSFET. 3. Draw and explain the transfer and output characteristic of a power MOSFET. 4. Compare MOSFET and BJT.
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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB 5. Compare MOSFET and SCR as switching devices. 6. Give few applications of MOSFET.

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Result:

2. STATIC V-I CHARACTERSTICS OF IGBT

AIM: - Conduct an experiment to obtain Static and mutual characteristics of IGBT.
OR Conduct an experiment to obtain the static output characteristic of an IGBT.

Apparatus: SL NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS IGBT Module DC Power Supply Rheostat Voltmeter Ammeter SPECIFICATIONS IRGBC20S 0-30 Volts 2 Amp. D.C. 0-500 / 2 Amps. 0-200 V Volts D.C. 0-20 V Volts D.C. 0-1 Amp. D.C. QTY 01 02 02 01 01 01

SYMBOL:
CASE STYLE TO-220AB

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Nature of the graphs:

Mutual characteristics: Static output characteristics:

IC

IC

VGE VGET Circuit Diagram:

VCE

(0-100)mA

C 100 Ohms G IGBT

100 Ohms

+
E + TPS1 (0-30 V) (0-30)V -

+
V

V + (0-60 V) VCE TPS2 (0-60)V -

VGE

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Observation Column: Mutual Characteristics VCE = VGE (volts) Ic (mA) Static output Characteristics VGE = VCE (volts) Ic (mA)

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PROCEDURE: (A) 1.
2. 3. 4.

Mutual Characteristics:
Circuit connections are made as shown in figure. Keeping both TPS1 & TPS2 at minimum position, switch ON the main power supply. Using TPS2, adjust the voltage VCE to a constant value (say 5v or 6v). Using TPS1 gradually increase the voltage VGE in steps till the device breakdown and at the same time note down the corresponding value of IC & the threshold voltage VGET.

5. 6. 7.

Gradually increase VGE using TPS1 and note down the value of collector current. Take care that Ic should not exceed its maximum value. Now bring both the TPS1 & TPS2 to minimum position and switch off. Plot the mutual characteristics of IGBT (IC v/s VGE) and mark the threshold voltage VGET.

(B)

Static OR Output Characteristics:-

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB

1. Circuit connections are made as shown in diagram.

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2. Keeping both the TTPS1 & TPS2 at minimum position, switch ON the main power supply. 3. Using TRPS1 adjust the voltage VGE to a constant value (say 5v or 6v). 4. Using TRPS2 gradually increase the voltage VCE in steps and at each step note the corresponding IC & VCE. Take care that Ic should not exceed its maximum value. 5. Decrease the voltage of power supplies and switch off. 6. Plot the static characteristics of IGBT (IC v/s VCE).

PROBABLE VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is an IGBT? Give its basic structure and symbol. 2. Draw and explain the mutual and output characteristics of IGBT. 3. Give few applications of IGBT. 4. Compare IGBT with SCR as switching devices. 5. Compare IGBT with BJT and MOSFET as switching devices. 6. Mention few recent names of semiconductor materials used for switching devices.

Applications: They're optimized for the design of high efficiency systems in solar inverter, UPS, welder, induction heating and power penetrator applications.

Result: 3. SCR TURN-ON CIRCUIT USING SYNCHRONIZED UJT RELAXATION OSCILLATOR

AIM: - To achieve synchronization of the triggering circuit with the applied A.C voltage to
the SCR using UJT. OR Conduct a suitable experiment to turn-on the given SCR using line synchronized UJT triggering circuit (Ramp circuit).

APPARATUS:SL NO 1. 2. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS Module of Synchronized UJT Relaxation Oscillator for HWR and FWR CRO SPECIFICATIONS QTY 01 25 MHz , Dual Channel 01

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3. 4. Load Resistance Voltmeter 100 /5 watts 0-200 V Volts D.C. 01 01

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Symbol:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram 2. With no supply to the SCR, the rectified voltage Vdc , zener voltage Vz and trigger pulses across the pulse transformer are checked in the CRO. 3. The SCR is now connected AC supply and the supply voltage, zener voltage, capacitor voltage, load voltage and SCR voltage are recorded from the CRO. 4. By varying the charging resistor Rc, the firing angle and hence the load voltage is varied. 5. In case Rc is reduced, so that capacitor voltage Vc reaches UJT threshold voltage twice or thrice in each half cycle, then there will be two or three pulses in each half cycle as can be seen from the waveforms in the CRO. Only the first pulse is enough to turn on the SCR and the other pulses in each half cycle are redundant.

Circuit diagram:

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E x p e c t e d

W a v e f o r m s :

U J T Relaxation Oscillator Vs = Vm Sint

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Applications:
It is used to control DC voltage. Control of large AC current. It is used for measuring magnetic flux.

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB PROBABLE VIVA QUESTIONS: What do you understand by line synchronization of triggering circuit? What are the various methods of gate triggering? What are the limitations of R and RC triggering? What are the advantages of UJT triggering circuit? What is UJT relaxation oscillator? What are the advantages of gate triggering? What is hard driving of a thyristor? What are its advantages?

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Result :

4. SINGLE-PHASE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH R AND R-L LOAD.

AIM: - To conduct a suitable experiment on Single phase Full Controlled Bridge Converter
(Rectifier with Resistive load/RL load) and a. To obtain Output voltage waveforms

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b. To plot graph output DC voltage vs Delay Angle.

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APPARATUS:SL NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS 1 phase Fully Controlled Module Isolation Transformer Firing circuit module Voltmeter Ammeter CRO Rheostat Inductive load SPECIFICATIONS QTY 01 0-30-60-115-180-230 Volts 0-200 V D.C. 0-1 Amp. D.C. 30 MHz, Dual Channel 0-150 /2A 0 mH-25mH-50mH-100mH-150mH 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

PROCEDURE:1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in figure. 2. Switch on the AC supply. 3. Observe the firing pulses such as T1 and T1 are triggered at +ve half cycle and T 2 and
1

T21 are triggered at ve half cycle of alternating voltage.

4. If the triggering pulses are correct, switch off AC supply. 5. Now connect the load across the load terminals as shown in the circuit diagram and switch on the supply of converter circuit. 6. Vary the firing angle potentiometer in steps and observe the voltage across the load at each step. 7. Readings are tabulated. 8. Later reduce the firing angle by potentiometer and Switch off AC supply. 9. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different load R, RL with and without freewheeling diode. 10. Plot the curve of output voltage v/s firing angle (). Note: If the output is zero after proper connections, then switch of the MCB, switch OFF the AC supply to the isolation transformer and just interchange AC input connections in the power circuit. Then test for proper output. This is to make the firing circuit and the power circuit to synchronize.

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Circuit Diagram:-

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Circuit Diagram:-

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Dept. of EEE, Jain University 24

POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Expected Waveforms: Single-Phase Full-wave Rectifier with R load.

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Expected Waveforms: Single-Phase Full-wave Rectifier with RL load.

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Nature of Graph:
Output voltage (VLDC)

Firing angle ()

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Applications: Variable speed, DC drives. Battery chargers. DC power supplies. Power supplies for specific applications like Lasers.

Probable viva Questions: What is controlled rectifier? What is a full converter? Draw two full converter circuits. What are the effects of free-wheeling diode in full converter circuits? What is extinction-angle control of converters?

Result:

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5. AC voltage controller using TRIAC and DIAC combination

Connected to R and R-L loads.
AIM: - Rig up a circuit to control the illumination of an incandescent lamp. Obtain the
relevant wave forms. Plot a graph of load voltage v/s firing angle. OR To control AC voltage given to R and RL load using Triac-Diac combination

APPARATUS:SL NO 1. 2. 3. 4. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS AC Regulator module Lamp AC voltmeter or DMM Power Scope SPECIFICATIONS QTY 01 01 01 01

230 V, 100 watts 0-400 V A.C. 30 MHz, Dual Channel

PROCEDURE:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Connections are made as shown in Figure. Keep the value of R1 (Resistance Pot.) in maximum position. Switch on AC mains of the AC regulator module. Now vary the firing angle , by varying thee value R1 (pot) in steps. Observe the output waveforms for the different values of firing angle . Note down the value of VL (RMS) at every value of firing angle . Tabulate the reading in tabular column. Plot the graph of load voltage VL (RMS) v/s delay angle .

TRIAC Symbol

DIAC Symbol

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Circuit Diagram:-

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Construction

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Expected Waveforms: AC voltage controller using TRIAC and DIAC

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6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

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6. SCR Digital triggering circuit for a single-phase controlled rectifier or AC voltage controller.
AIM: To trigger the given SCR using digital triggering circuit to control single phase voltage. APPARATUS:SL NO 01. 02. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS Digital firing module CRO SPECIFICATIONS QTY 01 01

25 MHz, Dual Channel

PROCEDURE:
1. Switch ON mains supply to the unit. 2. Observe AC reference signal and compare it with ZCD output A and test output C. They are synchronized with the ac reference signal. 3. Observe the carrier frequency oscillator output 5 KHz. 4. Now set 1800 100 % selectors to 1800 (converter) mode, observe the output. 5. Next vary the firing angle from 1800 to 00 in steps and observe the variation trigger outputs TP and TN. 6. Connect TP and TN to 1 and 2 input of pulse transformer isolation circuit. 7. Now set the 1800 -100% switch to 100% mode (chopper). 8. Keep the Duty cycle at 50 %. 9. Adjust the potentiometer R such that, a very small pulse output appears at the counter output. 10. Now vary the duty cycle in steps from 99 % to 1 % and observe the counter output and also observe the time variation between main pulse Tm and auxiliary pulse-TA. 11. Connect Tm and TA to input 1 and of pulse transfer Isolation. 12. Observe the output voltage and device voltage and record the voltage and delay angle.

Note: By varying the preset Input we can control the firing angle. The waveforms for digital control scheme are shown in figure.

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Circuit Diagram:-

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AC Input

ZCD

Clock Gener ator

Clock Gener ator

Logic Circuit

TP TN

TP TN Pulse Transformer Isolation

T1 T2

T 1 T 2

Triggering Pulses

LOAD AC Supply

A SCR

T1 K T1

Probable viva questions:Give a general layout of pulse firing scheme for SCRs. What are the main features of firing? What are the various turn on methods of a SCR. Which is more reliable turn-on method? What are a pulse transformer and its use in firing circuits? What are the necessary conditions for turning ON an SCR.? What do you understand by digital triggering? What are the advantages of digital triggering? Explain with the help of a block diagram the functioning of digital triggering scheme

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Waveforms:

Supply voltage

ZCD

Counter output

Over flow Signal Flip-flop Output B B

Pulse to T1

Pulse to T2

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FRONT PANEL DETAILS OF DIGITAL FIRING CIRCUIT: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Main AC Ref. Gnd A C F.A/D.C.

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7. 1800/100 % 8. FC(Oscillator) 9. R 10. Clock Generator 11. Counter 12. Logic Circuit TP TN TM TA 13. ON/OFF 14. Pulse Transforms Isolation 15. Input 1 and 2 16. Trigger Outputs T1 and T1 T2 and T2

Power ON/OFF switch to the unit with indicator 10 V AC reference input for synchronization Ground point of the unit to observe the waveforms ZCD output Reset output for resetting counter Thumb wheel switch to set the firing angle from 0 1800 and Duty cycle from 0 to 100 % Switch to select 1800(1 ph converter) OR 100% (chopper) mode Carrier frequency generator 0 5 KHz 10 K potentiometer NO. of pulses from the clock generator Astable oscillator to generator clock input to counter (180 pulses or 100 pulses) 3 stage 4-bit up/down programmable counter Logic and modulator circuit to get TPTN for converter and Ton TA FOR CHOPPER EXPERIMENT Train of pulses for +ve Cycle Train of pulses for Ve Cycle Pulses of 200 sec for main SCR Pulses of 200 sec for main SCR ON/OFF switch for main SCR Pulse transform based on isolation circuit amplifier to isolate the logic circuit from phase circuit. Input terminals to connect logic inputs. Pulse Transformer isolated trigger outputs to be connected to gate and cathode of SCRS Identical and isolated outputs for input 1 Identical and isolated outputs for input 2

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Second Cycle Experiments

01. SPEED CONTROL OF A SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTOR using an IGBT or MOSFET CHOPPER.
AIM: - To test a DC chopper circuit which produces variable dc voltage as output with
constant Input and hence to draw output voltage vs duty cycle. OR To obtain the speed control of a separately excited DC motor using Chopper circuit. OR Conduct an experiment to obtain variable output DC voltage with constant input DC voltage by time ratio control and hence plot output voltage v/s duty cycle.

APPARATUS:SL NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS Half Controlled power module Isolation Transformer Firing Circuit module Voltmeter(DC) Power Scope D.C. Motor Digital Tachometer SPECIFICATIONS QTY 01 0 30 - 60 115 230 V 0-200 V D.C. 30 MHz, Dual Channel 0.5 HP/220V 01 01 01 01 01 01

Nature of Graph:
Output voltage (Vout)

Vin R load Vout TON TOff TON TOff t Sec T

Duty Cycle (K)

RL load

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PROCDURE:1. Switch on the mains supply to the unit. Initially keep the VOLT-SELECT switch at OFF position. The LCD display shows- POWER MOSFET/IGBT CHOPPER: OFF 2. Measure the field voltage DCY -0 digital FRQ 50 It should be 220v 10% using voltmeter.

approximately and the neon lamp glows. 3. Now keep the voltage select switch at position 1 and measure the voltage at V DC terminals. It should be 24 volts. The output voltage should be 48 volts, when the switch at position 2, 110 volts when the switch at position 3 and 220 volts when the switch at position 4 approximately. 4. Make sure that the DC supply is correct. Now observe the driver output using a CRO by varying Duty cycle and frequency. 5. Make sure that the driver output is proper before connecting to the gate/emitter or gate/source of IGBT or MOSFET. 6. Now, if all the outputs are proper, then connect the load rheostat across the load terminals as shown in the circuit diagram. 7. Vary the duty cycle and observe the load voltage and tabulate the voltmeter, ammeter readings. 8. Change the frequency to some other value and change the duty cycle and note down the readings. 9. Now replace load rheostat by DC motor armature across the load terminals. Connect field supply to the field terminals properly. 10. Vary the duty cycle and observe the load voltage and tabulate the voltmeter, ammeter readings and also note down corresponding speed from tachometer. 11. Decrease the duty cycle, and switch off the power supply of the unit.

Relative Equations
For average load voltage Vdc is given by: Vdc= Ton / (Ton + Toff) Vs = Ton/T Vs = K Vs Ton = on-time; Toff = off-time T = Ton + Toff = chopping period D=K = Ton/T = duty cycle

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Circuit Diagram:CASE (a): R LOAD

R Load

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MOSF ET

+
Vdc = Vin

Vout

G
AC Supply
DRIVER CIRCUIT

Tabular Column:Output Voltage Vout

Sl No.

Vin volts

Frequency f HZ

Duty Cycle %

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Circuit Diagram:CASE (b): DC MOTOR as LOAD

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+
A

MOSFE T

+
Vdc = Vin

Vout

G
AC Supply DRIVER CIRCUIT

Tabular Column:Sl No. Vin volts Frequency f HZ Duty Cycle % Output Voltage Vout Speed N RPM Current Io Amps Firing angle

Circuit Diagram(In General):Chopper + Vs _ io 0 FD + Vo LOAD Vs 0 Ton T (RL load)

Toff

Vo Vdc t

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2. SPEED CONTROL OF A STEPPER MOTOR

AIM: - To study the speed control of a stepper motor using micro-controller.
Q1. Operate the given stepper motor in speed mode, take speed = -------- rpm. Repeat the same for speed = -------- rpm. Or Q2. Operate the given stepper motor in step mode, take the steps = --------. Repeat the same for steps = --------.

Apparatus:SL NO 1. 2. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS Steeper Motor Steeper Motor Module SPECIFICATIONS Permanent magnet, bifilar wound, Step angle: 1.80 0.10 QTY 01

Steps/revolution = 200, Two- phase, 12V

Micro-controller & power transistor based driver circuit 01

PROCEDURE:Connect A1, A2, B1, and B2 leads of the stepper motor to the corresponding output terminal points of the micro-controller and the common terminal to +Vcc supply. Mode-1 SPEED SETTING 1. Switch on the mains supply to the unit and the unit displays S 00. Press INC/DEC Keys to set speed mode. 2. Press SET & the display shows rpm. Press ENT, so that speed mode is set & it Displays n 00. 3. Press INC to set the rpm, say to 50 rpm and press ENT key, to enter the parameter(50 rpm) value, and the display shows the direction of rotation. Press INC/DEC keys to change the direction of rotation. Then it displays Half step or Full step. 4. Again press INC/DEC keys to change to Half step or Full step. Finally press ENT key to set Half step or Full step. Now all the parameters are entered and the display shows n rpm which we have set. Now press RUN/STOP key, the stepper motor rotates at the speed of set value. The time required for the set revolution is noted down using stop watch. To stop the motor press RUN/STOP key. Mode-2 STEP- MODE: The procedure is same as for speed setting, expect now we set the step-mode which displays S steps, after all the parameter values are entered properly. In the step-mode if we press RUN/STOP key, the motor moves the number of set steps and stop by itself.

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moves. This can be compared with the set values and the error can be noted down.

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A pointer fixed to the shaft moves on the dial which indicates the number of steps the motor

Circuit Diagram:

LOG IC CONTROLLER ORANG E

RED A2 RS A1 -VC WHITE +VC

B1 RS BLUE B2 GREEN BLACK

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TABULATED RESULT: Speed set -------Time recorded -----------

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Step set ----------

Time recorded -----------

PROBABLE VIVA QUESTIONS: 1. Explain what is a stepper motor? 2. Give few general applications of stepper motor. 3. What are the various types of stepper motor? Explain. 4. What do you understand by speed mode and step mode of a stepper motor? 5. Compare a conventional motor with a stepper motor. Applications:
The stepper motor is widely used in x-y plotter, floppy disk drivers, M/c tools. The stepper motor is used in process control system, robotic printers, tape drivers and variety of other industrial applications.

Result:

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Circuit Diagram:-

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Tabular Column:Input Voltage

Vin = V = ---------S

Output Voltage VLVolts

Speed N RPM

Firing angle

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3. SPEED CONTROL OF UNIVERSAL MOTOR & SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR using AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER
AIM: - To study the speed control of universal motor for the variation of conduction angle.
OR To study the speed control of a single-phase induction motor using TRIAC and hence to plot the graph of motor speed (N rpm) versus firing angle ( ). OR To obtain the speed control of a universal motor OR Induction motor and hence to plot motor speed v/s delay angle graph.

APPARATUS:SL NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS Speed control module Isolation Transformer Volt meter (AC) or DMM Power Scope Universal motor or Induction motor Digital Tachometer SPECIFICATIONS QTY 01 01 01 01 01 01

0-30-60-115-180-230 V 0-400 V (AC) 30 MHz, Dual Channel 220V/3A/6000rpm 230V/2.5A/0-5HP/2280 pm

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Connect the trigger output to CRO and switch ON the main supply to the triac firing unit and observe the train of pulses and their phase sequence in the CRO by varying the firing angle from 180o to 0o using the firing pot. 3. Make sure that the trigger outputs are proper before connecting to the power circuit. 4. Connect the trigger outputs from the firing unit to MT1 & gate of the triac power circuit. 5. Keep the auto-transformer knob at zero position and switch ON the main supply to the power circuit. Gradually increase the input voltage from zero to the rated value (230v). 6. Switch ON the trigger outputs of the firing unit, see that the motor starts running. By varying the firing angle , observe the input and output voltage waveforms in the CRO & also note down the voltage, current & speed for different values of . Finally plot the graph of speed (N) v/s delay angle ( ).

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Nature of Graph:
VL volt s

Speed N (RPM)

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Expected Wave Forms:

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Vs=Vm Sint

Ig

Vo

= (Toff / T) * 180o

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Probable viva questions:

Distinguish between a Traic and SCR. Give the schematic diagram, symbol and V-I characteristics of a triac. What are different modes of operation of a triac? Give few applications of a triac. What are the various classical methods of speed control of induction motor? On what factors do the speed of an induction motor depends. What is an AC controller? Name two methods of AC control. Explain the principle of on-off Ac control. Explain the principle of phase angle control type of Ac controller.

Applications: In many industrial applications, it is required to convert a fixed-voltage DC source into a variable voltage DC source. A DC chopper converts directly from DC(fixed or variable) to DC (fixed or variable) so it is known as a DC-to-DC converter. Choppers are widely used for traction motor control in electric automobiles, trolley cars, marine hoists, etc They provide smooth acceleration control, high efficiency and fast dynamic response.

Results:

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POWER ELECTRONICS LAB Circuit Diagram:-

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FULL BRIDGE INVERTER + H2 RL

V o

H1
DC Input Voltage

CRO

L1 -

L2

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4. MOSFET or IGBT based SINGLE PHASE FULLBRIDGE INVERTER connected to R load.

AIM: - Conduct an experiment to verify the operating principle of a single-phase
bridge Inverter connected to R load and plot the output voltage v/s modulation index.
(OR)

Conduct an experiment to study the performance of a single phase full bridge inverter for different modulation with R-load. Also plot the graph of output voltage V/s modulation index.

APPARATUS:SL NO 1. 2. 3. 4. NAME OF EQUIPMENTS/ COMPONENTS Series Inverter module Power supply Power Scope Rheostat SPECIFICATIONS 4 IGBTs unit builtin diodes of rating 19A/600V 0-24 V/2A D.C. 30 MHz, Dual Channel 0-50 /2 A QTY 01 01 01 01

PROCDURE:1. Switch ON the mains supply to the controller unit. 2. The LCD display shows single-phase PWM inverter with modulation type and M-(Duty cycle or Modulation index) 00 and F-100 Hz and in OFF position. 3. Now M-(Modulation Index) blinks. Press INC key to set the duty cycle form 00100%.Now Press FRQ/DTY key. Now F-100 blinks. Now use INC and DEC key to increase or decrease the frequency from 20HZ to 100HZ. 4. After setting the duty cycle and frequency, press RUN/STOP key. 5. Now the driver O/Ps pulses are available at O/Ps are comes to OFF with soft stop. 6. Now set the modulation type to other type and check the outputs, So that the driver outputs are proper before connecting to the power circuit. 7. Now, make the connections as given in the circuit diagram. 8. Connect DC supply from 30V/2A regulated power supply unit. 9. Connect driver output signals to the gate and Emitter of corresponding IGBTs. 10. Switch ON the DC supply. 11. Switch ON the driver outputs and observe the output voltage across the load.

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Expected Waveforms:
T1

T2

Vo Expected AC

Probable viva questions:

What is an inverter? What are line commutated inverters and force commutated inverters. Compare VSI and CSI. Can diodes be used to make an inverter circuits. Explain 1-phase half-bridge and full-bridge inverters with R & RL loads. Compare 1-phase half-bridge and full-bridge inverters. Define performance parameters of an inverter. What are the various methods of controlling the output voltage of an inverter? Give few industrial applications of inverters.

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