Chapter 13 Exercise 13A

Q. 1.

F = k(l l0)

Fl = Fr

where l = current length

5x 5 = 51 3x
x = 7 m from LHW

l0 = original length

(ii) Fl = 5x 5

k = spring constant
(i) F = 10(6 5)

Fr = 51 3x

F = 10 N

Fr Fl = 16

(ii) F = 10(10 5)

(51 3x) (5x 5) = 16

F = 50 N

x = 5 m from LHW

(iii) F = 10(5.2 5)

Q. 5.
Q

F=2N
Q. 2.

35 x

Fr = 3(35 x 3) = 96 3x

(i) F = 9(3 2)

Fl = Fr

F=9N

7x 14 = 96 3x

(ii) F = 9(5 2)

x = 11 m from LHW

F = 27 N

Fl = 7(x 2) = 7x 14

l0 = 2, k = 9

10
(iii) F = 9 ___ 2
3
F = 12 N

(i)

(ii) Fl = 7x 14, Fr = 96 3x

If the force is 40 N to the right, then

Fr Fl = 40

kl = F + kl0

(96 3x) (7x 14) = 40

9l = 54 + 9(2)

110 10x = 40

l=8m
Q. 3.

(i)

10

x=7
7 metres from LHW

10

Fl = 2(10 1) = 18 N

If the force is 40 N to the left, then

Fl Fr = 40

Fr = 4(10 1) = 36 N

(7x 14) (96 3x) = 40

F = Fr Fl = 36 18 = 18 N
(ii)

Fr = 4(20 x 1) = 76 4x
Fl = Fr
2x 2 = 76 4x
x = 13 m
from left hand wall (LHW)
(i)

x = 15 m from LHW

20 x

Fl = 2(x 1) = 2x 2

Q. 4.

10x 110 = 40

19 x

Q 6.
Q.

F = k(l l0)
= 50(2 1)
= 50 N
This is the centripetal force and must
equal mw2r
mw2r = 50
1(w)2(2) = 50
w = 5 rad/s

Fl = 5(x 1) = 5x 5
Fr = 3(19 x 2) = 51 3x

Q. 7.

(iii) 2. Centripetal force = mw2r

3
__ F = mw2(3)
5
5mg
5mg
But F = 2k = 2 ____ = ____
4
8
5mg
3 ____
__
2
= mw (3)

__
5 4
g
g
__
2
w = w = __ rads/s
4
4

Fup = k(l l0)

= 49(x 1)

= 49x 49 N

Fup

Fdown = mg

( )

Fdown

= 10(9.8)
= 98 N
Q. 10.

But Fup = Fdown (in equilibrium)

(i)

49x 49 = 98

x=3m
Q. 8.

( )

q
l

AA
F2
F1
W

Fup = k(l l0)

= 7(x 2)

F1 = k(l l0 ) = 10(l 2) = (10l 20) N

Fup

= 7x 14 N

F2 = k(l l0) = 7(l 1) = (7l 7) N

Fdown

Fdown = mg

Forces

(Resolved)

= 2(9.8)
= 19.6
Fup = Fdown
Fup

x = 4.8 m

= 7(4.8 + x 2)
= 19.6 + 7x
Fdown = mg = 2(9.8) = 19.6
Nett force = Fup Fdown
= 19.6 + 7x 19.6 = 7x
(i) l2 = 42 + 32
l

l=5m

=2m
3
4
also cos A = __, sin A = __
5
5

4
F
5

mg

F1 = F2 10l 20 = 7l 7
13
l = ___
3
opp
12
4
Now sin A = ____ = ___ = ___
13 13
hyp ___
3
5
(ii) cos A = ___
13
130
70
2. F1 = 10l 20 = ____ 20 = ___ N
3
3
70
___
F2 = F1 =
N
3
Fup = Fdown F1 cos A + F2 cos A = W

( )( ) ( )( )

70 5
70 5
700
W = ___ ___ + ___ ___ = ____ N
3 13
3 13
39

Resolved

F
mg

F2 sin A
W

Extension = 5 3

(ii) Forces

F1 sin A

1. Fleft = Fright F1 sin A = F2 sin A

Fdown

Fup = k(l 0)

F2 cos A

4.8 + x

7x 14 = 19.6

Q. 9.

F1 cos A

3
F
5

Q. 11. Forces
d

l
F1

q q

F2
mg

F = k(l l0) = k(5 3) = 2k

Resolved

4
1. Fup = Fdown __ F = mg
5
5mg
4
__
(2k) = mg k = ____
5
8

F1 cos q F sin q F sin q F2 cos q

1
2
mg

 k1(l l1) = k2(l l2)

2p
2p ___
Periodic time T = ___
w = 2 =ps
__
To find a when v = 2 5 :

k1l k1l1 = k2l k2l2

Step 1: Find x when v = 25 :

Fleft = Fright F1 sin q = F2 sin q F1 = F2

__

l(k1 k2) = k1l1 k2l2

v2 = w2(A2 x2)

k1l1 k2l2
l = ________
k1 k2
d(k1 k2)
opp
d
sin q = ____ = __ = ________
k1l1 k2l2
hyp
l

20 = 22(32 x2)
x = 2
QED

Step 2: Find a when x = 2

a = w2x = (2)2(2) = 8 m/s2

Exercise 13B
Q. 1.

(i)

The magnitude of the acceleration

is 8 m/s2

2p
___

2p
= ___
w w=7
7
Max. velocity = wA = 7(5) = 35 m/s

(ii) Max. acceleration =

w2A

Q. 4.
Q

v = 8 when x = 1

(7)2(5)

64 = w2(A2 1)

= 245 m/s2

v = 4 when x = 7

(iii) Total distance covered = 4A = 20 m

2p
Time taken = ___
7
Distance
Average speed = ________
Time
20
___
=
2p
___
7
140
____
=
2p
70
= ___
p m/s
Q. 2.

(i) v2 = w2(A2 x2)

16 = w2(A2 49) . Equation 2

Dividing 1 by 2 gives
w2(A2 1)
= ___________
16 w2(A2 49)
A2 1
4
________
= __
A2 49 1
64
___

4A2 196 = A2 1
___

A = 65

(ii) Putting this result into equation 1 gives

v2 = w2(A2 x2)

64 = w2(65 1)

__

x = 7 , v = 9
81 = w2(A2 7)

w=1
2p ___
2p
T = ___
w = 1 = 2p s

Equation 1

__

x = 2, v = 6 3

(iii) When x = 0, v2 = w2(A2 x2)

108 = w2(A2 4) .. Equation 2

= 1(65 0) = 65

Dividing equation 1 by 2 gives

81
____
108

___

v = 65 m/s

w2(A2

7)
3
A2 7 __
= _________
______
=
2
2
2
w (A 4)
A 4 4

Q. 5.
Q

When x = 1, v = 3, a = 3
_______

3A2 12 = 4A2 28 A = 4

So v = w A2 x2

... 1

Putting this result into equation 1 gives:

and a = w2x

... 2

81 =

w2(42

w2

7)
=9w=3
2p
2p
___
Periodic time T = ___
w = 3 s
Q. 3.

. Equation 1

Max. velocity = w A = 6
Max. acceleration =

. Equation 1

w2A

= 12

. Equation 2

Dividing equation 2 by equation 1 gives w = 2

Therefore, A = 3

3 =

w2(1)
__

w = 3

__ _______

From 1 , 3 = 3 A2 1
A=2
From 2 , aMAX = w2A
aMAX = 3(2)
aMAX = 6 m/s2

Q. 6.

v2 = w2(A2 x2). But v = 24 when x = 5.

Graph:

576 = w2(A2 25) . Equation 1

Also a = w2x. But a = 20 when x = 5.

(a and x are always of opposite sign)

x=2

11

20 = w2(5) w = 2
Putting this into equation 1 gives:

576 = 4(A2 25) A2 25 = 144

2p
We have x = 5 cos ___ t
11
2p
2 = 5 cos ___ t
11
t = 3.47 hrs OR 3:29 PM

A = 13
(i) Amplitude = A = 13.
2p ___
2p
(ii) Periodic time = ___
w = 2 =ps
(iii) In p seconds it performs 1 oscillation.
1
In 1 second it performs __
p oscillations.
60
In 60 seconds it performs ___
p = 19.1
oscillations.

Q. 9.

(i) Consider the Sine Curve:

x
0.6
1.5

Answer: 19 complete oscillations.

Q. 7.

__

__

When x = 2 , a = 4 2 , a =
__

__

w2x

4 2 = w2 2 w = 2.
__

When x = 2 , v = 2, and w = 2,
2(A2 x2) 4 = 4(A2 2)
v2 = w__
A = 3
Start the clock
in the centre x = A sin wt
__
i.e. x = 3 sin 2t
__

To find t when
x = 1.5: 1.5 = 3 sin 2t
__
3 = 2 3 sin 2t
sin 2t =
p
__

3__
____
2 3

__

3
___
2

p
__

t= s
3
6
F = ma. But a = w2x = 4(1.5) = 6
and m = 2 kg.
2t =

F = (2)(6) = 12 N
The force is of magnitude 12 N.
Q. 8.

Highest Lowest
Amplitude = ________________
2
13 3
_______
(i) A =
2
A=5m
T 11
(ii) __ = ___
2
2
T = 11 hrs
2p
(iii) T = ___
w

2p
w = ___
T
2p
___
w=
rad/s
11

x = A cos wt

1.5

1.5

0.6

x = A sin wt
T
From the graph __ = 6 s
2
T = 12 s
2p
(ii) But T = ___
w
2p
w = ___
12
p
w = __
6

p
0.6 = A sin __(1.5)
6
3
p
__ = A sin __
5
4
3
1__
__ = A ___
5
2
__

A=

32
____
5

Q. 10. Periodic Time:

T
__

= 6:58 0:58
2
T
__ = 6 hrs
2
T = 12 hrs
2p
But T = ___
w
2p
w = ___
12
p
w = __ rad/hr
6

Amplitude:

x = 4 cos 2t 2.5 = 4 cos 2t

18 13
A = ________ A = 2.5 m
2
Mean level (Equilibrium Position)
= 15.5 m

cos 2t = 0.625

Depth 2.5
1.0
15.5

2t = cos1 (0.625) 2t = 0.8956

t = 0.4478 s
Q. 3.
Q

t
6:58

(i) For t = 0, x = 9 cos 0 x = 9

time

(ii) Note: x is measured from equilibrium.

So, when particle has travelled
2 metres, x = 7

6:58 + t is latest time ship can leave.

x = 9 cos 3t

x = A cos wt

7 = 9 cos 3t

pt
1 = 2.5 cos __
6
t = 2.214 hrs
t = 2 hrs 12 50.62

7
cos 3t = __
9
7
3t = cos1 __
9

so 6:58 + 2:12 50.62

t = 0.227 s

= 9:10 50.62 OR

9:10 PM

Q. 4.
Q

dx
x = 3 sin 5t. ___ = 15 cos 5t.
dt
d2x
___
2 = 75 sin 5t
dt
= 25(3 sin 5t) = 25x

(ii) v2 = w2(A2 x2), v = 24 when x = 5.

Also A = 13
(24)2 = w2(132 52)

Since the acceleration is proportional

to x but in the opposite direction, it will
perform SHM.

576 = w2(144) w = 2
(iii) x = 0 13 sin (wt + e) = 0
wt + e = 0 OR p OR 2p etc.

x = 3 sin 5t 1.5 = 3 sin 5t

p
p
1
sin 5t = __ 5t, __ t = ___ s
2
30
6
Q. 2.

2t + 0.3948
= 0 OR 3.1416 OR 6.2832 etc.

dx
(i) x = 4 cos 2t. ___ = 8 sin 2t
dt
d2x
___
2 = 16 cos 2t = 4(4 cos 2t)
dt
= 4x
Since the acceleration is proportional
to the distance from p, but in the
opposite direction, it will perform
SHM (A = 4, w = 2)
(ii) Greatest distance = A = 4 m
(iii) Its velocity is zero at the extreme
point. Since the clock starts when the
particle is at an extreme point, use
x = 4 cos 2t.

(i) x = 13 sin (wt + e),

when t = 0, x = 5 5 = 13 sin e
5
sin e = ___ = 0.3846
13
e = sin1 (0.3846) = 0.3948

Exercise 13C
Q. 1.

x = 9 cos 3t

The first time (t > 0) will be when

2t + 0.3948 = 3.1416
2t = 2.7468
t = 1.3734 s
Q. 5.
Q

(i) x = 3 cos 2t + 4 sin 2t

_______

A = 32 + 42 = 5
2p
T = ___ = p
2
(ii) x = 8 cos 4t + 6 sin 4t
_______

A = 82 + 62 = 10
2p p
T = ___ = __
4
2

_________

(iii) A = 122 + 352

(iii) x = 12 cos t + 5 sin t

________

A = 122 + 52 = 13
T = 2p

A = 37 m
(iv) For x = 0;

__

(iv) x = 3 cos p t + 7 sin p t

12 cos t + 35 sin t = 0

A= + =4
2p
T = ___
p =2
(v) x = sin 3t + cos 3t

35 sin t = 12 cos t

_________
__

32

72

_______

12
tan t = ____
35
t = 0.3303, 0.3303 + p, etc.

__

A = 12 + 12 = 2
2p
T = ___
3

t = 0.3303 + p
for first positive value.
t = 2.811 s

(vi) x = 21 sin 2p t + 20 cos 2p t

_________

A = 212 + 202 = 29
2p
T = ___ = 1
2p

Q
Q. 7.

__

(vii) x = 3 sin 5t cos 5t

________
___

A = 32 + 1 = 2
2p
T = ___
5
t
t
(viii) x = 2 sin __ + 3 cos __
2
2
_______

A=

22

32

SHM with w = 2 rad/s

2p
(ii) T = ___
w

___

= 13

2p
T = ___
2
T=ps

2p
T = ___ = 4p
1
__

(2)

________

t
t
(ix) x = 24 sin __ 7 cos __
4
4

(iii) A = 122 + 52

________

A = 13 m

A = 242 + 72 = 25

(iv) For x = 0

2p
T = ___ = 8p
1
__

12 sin 2t + 5 cos 2t = 0

(4)

5
sin 2t = ___ cos 2t
12
5
___
tan 2t =
12
5
2t = tan1 ___ + np
12
for all solutions

t
t
(x) x = 2 sin __ + cos __
3
3
_______

__

A = 22 + 12 = 5
2p
T = ___ = 6p
1
__
3

()

Q. 6.

x = 12 cos t + 35 sin t
.
x = 12(1) sin t + 35(1) cos t
..
x = 12(1)2 cos t 35(1)2 sin t
..
x = 12 cos t 35 sin t
..
(i) x = x
SHM with w = 1 rad/s
2p
(ii) T = ___
w

2p
T = ___
1
T = 2p s

x = 12 sin 2t + 5 cos 2t
.
x = 12(2) cos 2t 5(2) sin 2t
..
x = 12(2)2 sin 2t 5(2)2 cos 2t
..
x = 48 sin 2t 20 cos 2t
..
(i) x = 4x

2t = 0.3948 + np
np
t = 0.1974 + ___
2
n = 1 gives t1 = 1.373 s
(v) n = 2 gives t2 = 2.944 s
Q
Q. 8.

(i) x = A cos (wt + a)

dx
___ = wA sin (wt + a)
dt
d2x
___
2 = w2A cos (wt + a) = w2 x
dt
Since the acceleration is proportional
to x but in the opposite direction, it
will perform SHM.

3A
v = 2A when x = ___ and A = A
5
2
2
2
2
v = w (A x )
9A2
4A2 = w2 A2 ____
25

(
)
4A = w ( 16A )
25
2

w2 =

_____2

Dividing equation 2 by
equations 1 gives:
w2(r 0.2)
24 ____________
___
= 2 2
36 w (r 0.64)
r 0.2
2
_________
= __
r2 0.64 3

34
Also x = ___ when t = 0
5
x = A cos(wt + a)
3A
___ = A cos (a)
5
3
cos a = __ = 0.6
5
a = 0.9273 radians

(ii) 2r2 1.28 = 3r 0.6

2r2 3r 0.68 = 0.
200r2 300r 68 = 0
50r2 75r 17 = 0

(ii) Now, A cos (wt + a) = 0

wt + a
3p
5p
p
= __ OR ___ OR ___ etc.
2
2
2
5
p
__t + 0.9273 = __ = 1.571
2
2
t = 0.2575 s
Maximum acceleration must be not
greater than g if the bodies are to stay on
the platform.
w2A 9.8

w2(0.2)

9.8

w 7.
Taking w at its maximum value, 7.
2p
2p ___
T = ___
w = 7 = 0.8977 s
Number of oscillations per minute
60
= _______ = 66 complete oscillations
0.8977
Q. 10.

a = w2 x.
Put x = t 0.2, a = 24
24 = w2(r 0.2)
24 = w2(r 0.2) Equation 2

25
___

5
w = __
2

Q. 9.

36 = w2(r2 0.64)
. Equation 1

(a) x = r cos wt
dx
___ = rw sin wt
dt
d2x
___2 = rw2 cos wt = w2x
dt
a = w2x SHM
0 0.8
(b) (i)
P1

r = 0.2 OR

r = 1.7

r = 0.2 has no meaning,

so r = 1.7
Putting this result into equation 2
gives: 24 = w2(1.7 0.2)
24 = w2 (1.5) w2 = 16
w=4

2p p
Period = ___ = __ s
4
2
(iii) Start clock at centre: x = A sin wt
i.e. x = 1.7 sin 4t
At P1, x = 0.8
0.8 = 1.7 sin 4t
8
sin 4t = ___ = 0.4706
17
4t = sin1(0.4706) = 0.4900
t = 0.1225 s
At P2, x = 1.5
1.5 = 1.7 sin 4t
15
sin 4t = ___ = 0.8824
17

0.2
P2

When x = 0.8, v = 6. When

x = r 0.2, a = 24 (because a
must be negative if x is positive)
v2 = w2(A2 x2).
Put x = 0.8, v = 6, A = r

(5r + 1) (10r 17) = 0

4t = sin1(0.8824) = 1.0809
t = 0.2702 s
Time to travel from P1 to P2
= 0.2702 0.1225
= 0.1477 s
= 0.15 s

1
cos 6t = __
2
p
6t = __
3
p
t = ___ s
18

Exercise 13D
Q. 1.

(i)

3x

(iii) v2 = w2(A2 x2)

Fr = k(l l0)

v2 = 62(22 12) = 108

____

= 2(3 x 1)
= 4 2x

Fl = k(l l0)

Q. 3.
Q

= 2(3 + x 1)

(i)

4x
4m

= 60 20x

F = Fr Fl
= 4 2x 4 2x

Fl = 20(4 + x 1) = 60 + 20x

= 4x

F = Fr Fl
= 60 20x 60 20x
= 40x

F = ma 4x = 1(a) a = 4x
This is SHM with w = 2.

F = ma 40x = 5a a = 8x

2p
(ii) Periodic time = ___ = p s
2
(iii) A = original distance from 0 = 1.

__

It will perform SHM with w = 8 . When

it is released, x = 3, therefore A = 3.
__

(ii) Maximum speed = w A = 8__(3)

= 38 m/s.

Midway between the walls x = 0

v2 = w2(A2 x2) v2 = 4(1 0)
v = 2 m/s

__

(iii) We want to find x when v = 8 m/s.

v2 = w2(A2 x2)

(i)
0

8 = 8(9 x2)

5x

9 x2 = 1

__

x = 8 m

Fr = k(l l0)

It starts from an extreme point.__

x = A cos wt x = 3 cos 8 t

= 9(5 x 1)

__

= 36 9x

(iv) To find
= 8
__ t when x __
8 = 3 cos __8 t
__
8 2.828
cos 8 t = ___ = ______ = 0.9427
3
3
__
1
8 t = cos (0.9427) = 0.34
0.34
__ = 0.12 s
t = ____
8

Fl = 9(5 + x 1)
= 36 + 9x
Ft = Fr Fl
= 36 9x 36 9x
= 18x
F = ma
1
18x = __ a
2
a = 36x
It will perform SHM with w = 6. When
it is released, x = 2. Therefore A = 2.
(ii) It starts from an extreme point.
x = a cos wt i.e. x = 2 cos 6t.
We want to find t when x = 1.

4m

Fr = 20(4 x 1)

= 4 + 2x

Q. 2.

__

v = 108 = 6 3 m/s

l = 2 cos 6t

Q. 4.
Q

(i)

Let 0 be the position of equilibrium

k = 12 0 l0 = 1

l0 = 1
d

Fr = k(l l0)
= 8(7 d 1)
= 48 8d
Fl = k(l l0)
= 12(d 1)
= 12d 12

7d

k=8

Q. 5.

Fr = Fl 48 8d

(i)

k2 = 15

l0 = 2 0

k2 = 9

= 12d 12

l0 = 2
20 d

Fr = k(l l0)

d=3
Answer: 3 metres from left hand wall.
(ii)

0 x
4x
4

= 9(20 d 2)
= 162 9d
Fl = k(l l0)
= 15(d 2)
= 15d 30

Fr = k(l l0)
= 8(4 x 1)

Fr = Fl

= 24 8x

162 9d = 15d 30
d=8

Fl = k(l l0)

= 12(3 + x 1)
= 24 + 12x

12 x
12

Fr = k(l l0)

F = Fr Fl
= 24 8x 24 12x
= 20x

= 9(12 x 2)
= 90 9x
Fl = k(l l0)

F = ma

= 15(8 + x 2)

20x = 5a

= 90 + 15x

a = 4x
It will perform SHM with w = 2.
(iii) When it is released its displacement, x,
1
from 0 is __ m.
2
1
Therefore A = __.
2
2p ___
2p
Periodic time = ___
w = 2 =ps
Maximum velocity = w A

()

1
= 2 __
2

= 1 m/s
__
3

___
(iv) Firstly, find x when v =
:
2
v2 = w2(A2 x2)

3
1
__ = 4 __ x2
4
2
1
x = __
4
1
When x = __
4
1
a = w2x = (4) __ = 1 m/s2
4
The acceleration is of magnitude 1 m/s2.

()

F = ma F = (5)(1) = 5 N

F = Fr Fl
= 90 9x 90 15x
= 24x
F = ma

1
24x = __ a
6
a = 144x
It will perform SHM with w = 12
(ii) When it was released its displacement, x,
from 0 was 1 m.
Therefore A = 1.
Maximum acceleration = w2A
= 144(1)
= 144 m/s2
3
3
(iii) __ (Max. acceleration) = __(144)
5
5
432
____
=
m/s2
5
432
When a = ____, what is x?, a = w2x
5
432
____

= 144x
5
3
x = ___
5

3
When x = __, what is v?
5

Q. 7.
Q

P
l0 = 1

v2 = w2(A2 x2)

( )
( )
()

A = 0.5

F = k[l l0]
At position x, NZL: F = ma

l0 = 1
x
Force

FL

+
FL = ma
k(l l0) = ma

m = 20
k=5
l0 = 1

1
8[1 + x 1] = __a
2
(i) a = 16x
SHM, w = 4

A=1

2p __
p
w = 4, A = 0.5, T = ___
w =2
(ii) Max v = w A
1
vMAX = 4 __
2
= 2 m/s

(i) Hookes Law: F = k [l l0]

where, k = spring constant

()

l = current length
l0 = original length.

(iii) x = A cos wt (Starting at Extreme Point)

At x, NZL: F = ma

Note, when particle has travelled

0.2 m, x = 0.3.

+
FL = ma
k(l0 + x l0) = ma

0.3 = 0.5 cos 4t

3
cos 4t = __
5
3
4t = cos1 __
5

5(x) = 20 a
x
a = __
4

()

1
SHM with w = __
2
2p
___
(ii) T = w = 4p

t = 0.23 s
Q.
Q 8.

Note: Particle travels from Q to E.P.

with SHM. It then travels to P
with uniform velocity. (String
has gone slack)
T
1
t1; from Q to E.P., is __ = __ of cycle
4
4
=p

t2; from E.P. to P, t =

Force

FL

E.P.

distance
________
speed

where v = wA at E.P.
l0
t2 = _____ = 2
_
1
2 (1)

()

so Total Time Taken = t1 + t2 = p + 2,

QED

E.P.
l0 = a
x
k(l l0)

Force
Q

l0 = a
m=k
k=k
A=a

A=a

(i) At x, NZL: F = ma
..
+
k(l l0) = mx
..
Note: We use x , instead of the more
usual a, for acceleration, to
avoid confusion. Here A is
amplitude, a is original length.
..
So k (a + x a) = k x
..
x = x
SHM with w = 1 rad/s

10

m = 2
l0 = 1
k=8

9
v2 = 144 1 ___
25
16
v2 = 144 ___
25
4
v = 12 __
5
48
= ___ = 9.6 m/s
5
Q. 6.

E.P.

2p
p
T
(ii) t1, from Q to E.P. = __ = ___ = __ s
4 4w 2

Q 10.
Q.

(i)

distance
t2, from E.P. to P, t2 = ________
speed

where V = w A at E.P.
a
a
t2 = ___ = ____ = 1 s
w A 1(a)

1. R = mg = 5(9.8) = 49
2. Fr = R = (1)(49) = 49
3. Fl = k(l l0)
= 140(2.35 + x 2)

p
= __ + 1
2
= 2.57 s
(i)

= 49 + 140x
F = Fr Fl
= 49 49 140x

R
Fl
1.7 + x

= 140x

mg Fr

F = ma

(ii) 1. R = mg = (1)(9.8) = 9.8

1
2. Fr = mR = __ (9.8) = 4.9
2
3. Fl = k(l l0)

140x = 5a
a = 28x

___

__

This is SHM with w = 28 = 27 .

= 7(1.7 + x 1)

(ii) |QO| = 2.35

= 4.9 + 7x

(iii) It starts when |qp| = 3

F = Fr Fl

2.35 + x = 3

= 4.9 4.9 7x

x = 0.65

= 7x

The ampitude is, therefore, 0.65

2p ___
2p
__
(iv) T = ___
w = 7

F = ma
7x = la

(v)

a = 7x

__

It will perform SHM with w = 7 .

2p ___
2p
__
Periodic time = ___
w = 7
(iii) The centre of oscillation, where x = 0,
is 1.7 m from p. It was released where
x = 2. Therefore A = 2.
It starts from an extreme point

To find t when x = 0.3 (i.e. 2 1.7)

__

0.3 = 2 cos 7 t

cos 7 t = 0.15
__

2
Q

0.35
B

0.65
O

The journey from A to B can be divided

into two parts: A to O and O to B.
1
1 p__
A to O: __ of a full cycle t = __ ___
4
4 7
= 0.2968

( )

O to B: x = A sin wt (starts at centre)

__

x = A cos wt x = 2 cos 7 t

__

Fr
mg

2.35 + x

Total time = t1 + t2

Q. 9.

Fl

__

0.35 = 0.65 sin 27 t

__
35
7
sin 2 7 t = ___ = ___ = 0.5385
65
13
__
2 7 t = sin1(0.5385) = 0.5687
t = 0.1075

7 t = cos1(0.15)

Total time = 0.2968 + 0.1075

= 1.4202
1.4201
__
t = _______
7
= 0.54 s

= 0.4043
= 0.404 s

11

Exercise 13E

(ii) aMAX = w2A = 14(0.5)

aMAX = 7 m/s2

Q. 1.

FMAX = maMAX = 0.5(7)

P
k = 98
l0 = 1
m=2

1
d
k(d l0)

E.P.

FMAX = 3.5 N
(iii) When 2 metres below P, x = 0.3
with x = A cos wt

A = 0.2

k(l l0)

x
w = mg

___

w = mg

so 0.3 = 0.5 cos 14 t

(i) At Equilibrium Position (E.P.): =

so k[d l0] = 2g

Q
Q. 3.

98[d 1] = 19.6

FE.P.

E.P.

(ii) NZL: F = ma

8d

FX
x

mg

mg k[d + x l0] = ma

8d 6d 2d
A= =
5
5
5

mg

(i) At E.P., FE.P. = mg

19.6 98[0.2 + x] = 2a
a = 49x SHM with w = 7
2p
2p
___
(iii) T = ___
w T= 7 s
(iv) vMAX = w A vMAX = 7(0.2)
vMAX = 1.4 m
(v) Falls 0.15 metres x = 0.2 0.15
x = 0.05

k[lE l0] = mg

... 1

49 m
_______

[lE d] = mg
d
6d
lE = ___
5
At x, NZL: F = ma
mg Fx = ma

We have x = A cos wt, (Particle

released from extrems position)

mg k[lE + x l0] = ma

So 0.05 = 0.2 cos 7t t = 0.188 s

mg mg kx = ma

P
k=7
m = 0.5
l0 = 1

1.2
d
k(d l0)
E.P.

F = k (l l0)

0.5

x
mg

mg

At E.P. =
mg = k(d l0)

... 1

49
a = ___x
d
SHM
7__
w = ___
d

d
(ii) String becomes slack: x = __
5
We have x = A cos wt

d = 1.7, A = 1.7 1.2 = 0.5

d 2d
7__
t
__ = ___ cos ___
5
5
d

mg k[l l0] = ma
mg k[d + x l0] = ma
From 1 k(d lo) k(d lo) kx = ma
7
(i) a = ___ x
0.5
a = 14x
SHM

___

w = 14

From 1

k
a = __
mx

4.9 = 7(d 1)
NZL: F = ma

12

P
lE

d = 1.2 m

Q. 2.

t = 0.59 s

7t__
1
cos ___
= __
2
d

2p
7t__ ___
___
=
3
d

t=

__

2pd
_____

21
Note: Hookes Law: F = kx,
x = extension.

Q. 4.

When it is depressed a distance x, the

extra bouyancy B is given by (note the
downward is positive)

For the 4 kg mass

kx1

B = weight of displaced liquid

4g

= VPg = (h2x)(1000)g = 1000 h2xg

For equilibrium =

F = ma

kx1 = 4g where x1 = extension

4g
k = ____ k = 490 N/m
0.08
For the combined (6 kg) mass

1000 h2xg = (1000 h3s) a

x
a = __
hs

___

hs
2p
__
The periodic time = ___
w = 2p g

6g

For equilibrium =

(ii) In this case B = (h2x) (1000 k)g

= 1000 h2xkg

490 x2 = 6g
x2 = 0.12

F = ma
1000 h2xkg = 1000 h3sa

Now, the Amplitude, A is x2 x1 = 0.04 m

gk
a = __ x
hs

Combined mass at displacement x from

equilibrium:
E.P.

___

gk
SHM with w = __
hs

k (x2 + x)

Q.
Q 6.

6g k(x2 + x) = 6a
from c

(i) 490x2 490(x2 + x) = 6a

245
a = ____ x
3
So the____
motion is Simple Harmonic with
245
____
w=
3

____

3
____

___

3
2p ___ g s
245
25
____
245
(iii) VMAX = w A = ____ (0.04)
3
OR

___

7 15
_____
75

(i) As before, 0.6 of its height will be

submerged, i.e. (0.6)(80) = 48 cm.
(ii) Originally, its displacement from
equilibrium is 2 cm = 0.02 m.
1
Therefore A = 0.02 = ___.
50
Mass = Vp = [(0.8)(0.5)(0.2)] (600) = 48 kg
When it is displaced a distance x m below
the water, the extra buoyancy B is given by:
B = weight of liquid displaced

2p
(ii) T = ___
w
= 2p

hs
Periodic time = w = 2p __ .
gk

NZL: F = ma
But 6g = 490x2

___

2p
___

6g

Q. 5.

g
It will perform SHM with w = __ .
hs

490 (x2)

___

__

9
1 __
__

OR

5 3

m/s

(i) Mass = VP = h3(1000 s) = 1000 h3s

x

= Vpg = (0.5)(0.2)(x)(1000)(9.8) = 980x

F = ma
980x = 48a
245
980
a = ____x = ____x
48
12

____

245
This is SHM with w = ____
12

Maximum acceleration = w2 A
245
49
1
= ____ ___ = ____ m/s2
50 120
12

13

Exercise 13F
Q. 1.

Q. 8.
Q

__

l
T = 2p __g

(ii) The old periodic time = 1

__

____

l
2p __g = 1

0.5
= 2p ___
9.8
= 1.419 s
Q. 2.

The new periodic time.

__

l(1.02)
T = 2p ______
g

T2

_____

l
= 1.02 2p __g

gT2

_______

T = 2p g

__

86,400
It will now perform _______ oscillations
1.01
in a day, i.e. 85,545 oscillations in a day

____

It performs (86,400 85,545) = 855

fewer.

l
T = 2p __g

Q
Q. 9.

T = 4.014 s

__

gT2
l
T = 2p __g l = ____2
4p
9.8(5.5)2
l = ________
l = 7.51 m = 751 cm
4p2
T1 : T2 = 2 : 1
2p

__

__

g : 2p

g =2:1

l1
__

__

__

= l : l = 30 : 31

l : l = 900 : 961
l 900
__ = ____
961
l
900
l = ____ l = 0.9365l
961

__

the % reduction

l1
l2
__
2p __
g : 2p g = 2 : 3
T1 : T2 = 2 : 3

Q. 7. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity at

the satellite.
l
l
g < g (by Newtons Law) __ > __g
g
2p

__

l
__
g

__

l
> 2p __g

its period of oscilliation is longer than

normal
it will go slow.

14

__

__

l
__

__

l
2p g : 2p __g = 30 : 31

l1 : l2 = 2 : 3
__

__

l2
__

l1 : l2 = 4 : 1
l1 : l2 = 4 : 9

60
Let T = the original time = ___ = 2 s
30
60
___
Let T = the new time =
s
31
60
T : T = ___ : 2
31
= 60 : 62
= 30 : 31

l1 : l2 = 2: 1

Q. 6.

( )

= 1.01 s

4
= 2p ___
9.8

Q. 5.

__

= 1.02(1)

l = ____2
4p
9.8
(3)2
= _______
4p2
l = 2.234 m

Q. 4.

______

__l

l
__g = ____2
4p

Q. 3.

(i) Number of oscillations

= 24 60 60 = 86,400

= 100 93.65 = 6.35%

Q. 10.
Q

Let l, T be the new length and periodic

time respectively.
__
__
l
l
__
l : l = 2 : 1 T : T = 2p g : 2p __g
__
__
= 2 : 1 = 1.414 : 1

T = 1.414 T
There has been an increase of 41% in its
periodic time.

Q. 11.

Let g = acceleration due to gravity on the

moon. l, T will be the length and periodic
time of the pendulum
__
__ on the moon.
l
__l
T : T = 2p g : 2p __
g

__

__

3
8
= 2p __ : 2p __
1
__
l
6
__

___

__

__

= 8 : 18

1
= 1 cycle / ___ min
39
60
= 1 cycle / ___ s
39
4p2(0.6)
So, g = _______
60 2
___
39
g = 10.0 m/s2

( )

(10.0 9.8) (100)

(iv) % Error = ________________ = 2.04%
9.8
= 2% (to nearest percent)

= 4 : 9
=2:3
Q. 12.

(iii) 39 cycles / min

(i) As in text.

__

k
(ii) T = 2p __g

T2

k
= 4p2 __g

4p2k
g = ____
T2

QED

15