MPR Grade Level: 9 Subject: Biology Lesson Plan Lesson: Biotechnology Number of Meetings: 120 minutes Behavioral Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Differentiate techniques in biotechnology 2. Outline the steps in the production of recombinant DNA 3. Reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of Genetically Modified Organisms in relation to human usage 4. Analyze DNA profiles in a given situation and properly identify what is asked 5. Explain what stem cells are and their importance are 6. Reflect on the issues surrounding biotechnology References: Otago School of Medical Sciences (2010) Biotechnology in Medicine, retrieved from 'The University of Otago' webpages on 12.05.2013, highschoolbiology.otago.ac.nz http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/discoveryguides-main.php http://highschoolbiology.otago.ac.nz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=119 http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/vista/html_pubs/irspsm91/issues.html Lesson Proper: Topic/Content Film Showing Teacher Activity What is BT Corn? What are the concerns (positive and negative) about BT Corn? Do you think that BT Corn is beneficial to the Philippine farmers? Explain. Has anyone heard of cloning? What are your ideas about cloning? Is cloning possible? Cloning is a technique in biotechnology. What do you think biotechnology is? Student Activity Reaction Paper Materials Video Material Time Allotment 30 minutes (to 1 hr)

Biotechnology

Presentation Slides Flash Movie (model organisms)

10 minutes

Biotechnology is the marriage of biology and modern technology. Answer varies.

In your opinion, is biotechnology important? Why? Model Organisms There are a number of

Techniques in

Presentation

10 minutes

Biotechnology: Cloning

techniques currently employed in biotechnology. One of the most famous and at the same time controversial techniques is cloning. How is cloning REALLY done in biotechnology? Genes or a set of genes can be cloned. In cloning a gene, we have to remember some key components of cloning. The first component is the gene to be cloned. Next is the plasmid. Plasmids are circular DNA that can be found in bacteria. Plasmids are different from the chromosome of bacteria and they replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome. In the process of cloning, a certain part of the plasmid is cut and is replaced with the gene of interest. A plasmid containing the gene of interest termed as the transgene is called the recombinant DNA. The recombinant DNA is placed on a bacteria. Why do you think gene cloning done utilizes plasmids of bacteria? The bacteria multiply. The plasmids with the gene of interest are extracted and one has now multiple clones of the gene of interest. Recombinant DNA (Show video clip on process of DNA recombination process)

Slides Video Recombinant DNA

The process differs when an organism (eukaryotic) is to be cloned. Let us look at the cloning process that resulted in Dolly the sheep. Dolly has two donors: her cytoplasmic at nucleic donors. (Differentiates the two). The nucleus or the transgene from the nucleic donor is transferred

to the enucleated cell. Electricity is then used to fuse the nucleus and the enucleated cell. The now zygote is then implanted and allowed to develop. Aside from Dolly, there are other animal clones that have been successful. An example is CC, the cat. (Enumerates the difference between the mother and CC) Cloning and Identical Twins Applications: Genetically Modified Organisms Genetically modified organisms are crops that have been modified in the laboratory to produce certain traits, for example, pest-resistance, nutritional content enhancement. The main advantage of GMOs is that the trait is expressed fast than conventional breeding. Advantages: Pest-resistance Herbicide tolerant Disease resistance Environmental tolerance Nutrition Pharmaceuticals Bioremediation Disadvantages: Reduced effectiveness of pesticide Gene transfer to unwanted organisms Unknown effect to humans Patent Examples: BT Corn Golden Rice Rapeseed oil (Canola) Remember Charlie Chaplins Case in our blood typing problem? What if Charlies blood turned out to be B like the child? Is there a more accurate way to determine the paternity of the child?

Applications: DNA fingerprinting

Presentation Slides Electrophoresis (model organisms)

In these days, we can compare DNA profiles of two individuals. This is through DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is a method of distinguishing sets of DNA from each other using DNA profiles. This can happen due to DNA having large areas of repeated DNA sequences that are NOT important part of genes. These sequences are repeated again and again to make up a large segment of the DNA. These sequences are then known to be tandem repeats. Let us first look at the process of electrophoresis that facilitates DNA separation for profiling. (Electrophoresis Flash) Let us look at some examples of Cases of the use of DNA fingerprinting. Where can DNA fingerprinting be used? Solving Crimes Paternity Disaster and War victims

Applications: Stem Cells

Stem Cells are unspecialized cells that renew themselves for periods. These are special cells for they can be induced to develop into a certain type of cell. They can develop into muscles of the heart, cartilage, bone, among others. Adult Stem Cells vs Embryonic Stem Cells

Issues in Biotechnology

After these discussions, what can you say about the biotechnology? What are your feelings about biotechnology (specifically cloning, etc)?

10 minutes