chenhuaishuan@hotmail.

com

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196070
(Audiolingual)
Total Physical Response)

(Natural Approach) :

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Listening Comprehension

perceptual processing)
parsing)utilization)

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(schematic knowledge)

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(context)

(systemic knowledge)
(semantic)
(syntactic)
(phonological
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1
2

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The procedure is actually quite simple. First you arrange

things into different group. Of course, one pile may be
sufficient, depending on how much there is to do. If you have
to go somewhere else due to lack of facilities that is the next
step, otherwise you are pretty well set. It is important not to
overdo things. That is, it is better to do too few things at once
than too many. In the short run this may not seem important,
but complication can easily arise. A mistake can be
expensive as well. At first the whole procedure will seem
complicated. Soon, however, it will become just another facet
of life. It is difficult to see any end to the necessity for this
task in the immediate future, but then one can never tell. After
the procedure is completed, one arranges the materials into
different groups again. Then they can be put into their
appropriate places. Eventually they can be used once more,
and the whole cycle will then have to be repeated. However,
that is a part of life.
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Top-down)

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bottom-up
1970

2
3
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Top-down
1

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dictogloss
bottom-uptop-down

1
2

3
4
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dictogloss

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i+1
i
i+1

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Goh2000)

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(bottom-up)
1


2


3

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top-down)
1

2


3

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bottom-up)
1

(/)
2

3

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top-down)
1

2

3

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top-down)
1

2

3

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1

,

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2


:

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23
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4
(
)

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123

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4
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(TBLT)
(effective interaction)
language use)

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Ellis, 2002)
:
:
:
:://
,,,
::,,
,
:,

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-
-

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16

(project)

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Canale & Swain1980

Grammatical

Sociolinguistic

Discourse

Strategic

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1) 2) 3) 4)
5)

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&

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&

)
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5C

ACTFEL

2~311

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Communication
Cultures
Connections
Comparisons
Communities

()
()
()
()
()

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Communication ()

1.1 Interpersonal Communication

1.2 Interpretive Communication

1.3 Presentation Communication

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Cultures ()

2.1 Practices of Culture

2.2 Products of Culture

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Connections ()

3.1Making Connections

3.2Acquiring New Information

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Comparisons ()

4.1Language Comparisons

4.2Culture Comparisons

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Communities ()

5.1 Language Beyond School

5.2 Life-long Learning

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Imitative
drill
Responsive:

Transaction-Dialogue

Interpersonal-Dialogue

Extensive-monologue
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2
3

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(warm-up)
(setting)
(brainstorming)

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information exchange

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1

2

3
4

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2
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10
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