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The AVALON HILL

Published First Day O f Every Other Month

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SUBSCRIPTION $4.98

VOLUME 2, NO. 1

Publication Office: 210 West 28th Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21211

MAY 1965

$QUANDER-THE GAME FOR BORN LOSERS

Behind the Publishi Scene - Par
In the l a s t i s s u e we d i s c u s s e d t h e 5s t e p cycle of designing a new game. But designing i s only half t h e "battle. " Of equal i m p o r t a n c e +s getting a new g a m e onto the r e t a i l s h e l v e s and u l t i m a t e l y into the c o n s u m e r ' s hands. P r o m o t i o n i s the Key Today i t t a k e s a wildly exciting a d v e r t i s i n g campaign t o get your product noticed. C a s e in point i s $quander, o u r b r a n d new m a s s - m a r k e t game. ( B a t t l e g a m e fanatics should s k i p t h i s a r t i c l e , t h i s g a m e ' s not f o r you. ) Even though the concept of play i s a d e p a r t u r e f r o m o u r u s u a l f o r m a t o u r c o n s u m e r panel f e l t that i t w a s up t o the Avalon Hill s t a n d a r d of enjoyment. It f e a t u r e s a completely different philosophy.. . t h e winner i s the l o s e r . I t ' s Monopoly in r e v e r s e $quander i s the g a m e f o r b o r n l o s e r s . So h e r e i s a "can't m i s s " g a m e a s f a r . a s design i s concerned. But how will the public find out about i t . AS with o u r b a t t l e t i t l e s , p r i m e n e c e s s i t y i s the i n s e r t i o n of p r i n t e d a d v e r t i s e m e n t s in m a g a z i n e s t h a t a r e d i s t r i b u t e d t o the a g e groups we s e e k . S p o r t s Illus t r a t e d , Boys Life, Venture a r e typical magazines we s e l e c t . F r e e Publicity Supporting t h i s "paid-in" m a g a z i n e a d v e r t i s i n g a r e p r e s s r e l e a s e s which a r e m a i l e d out t o thousands of newsp a p e r s a n d m a g a z i n e s who a r e happy t o r e c e i v e t h i s type of f i l l e r m a t e r i a l . A s a m a t t e r of f a c t , t h e r e a r e quite a few well-known e d i t o r s who a r e Avalon Hill afficionados t h e m s e l v e s a n d a r e m o r e than willing t o ' l p u s h l ' o u r p r o ducts a t no c h a r g e . Point of S a l e A d v e r t i s i n g Counter display m a t e r i a l containing Product Folders a r e sent to retailers f r e e of c h a r g e which helps a t t r a c t the attention of the c a s u a l s h o p p e r t o o u r products on the s h e l v e s . Window f the g a m e c o u n t e r s .

D i r e c t Mail Not the l e a s t i m p o r t a n t i s the d i r e c t m a i l campaign. E v e r y p e r s o n that s e n d s in a R e g i s t r a t i o n C a r d i s placed on o u r c o n s u m e r mailing l i s t s o that they can b e informed of t h e l a t e s t in AH products. T h i s type of promotion a l s o i s a m e r c h a n d i s i n g a i d to the r e sheet actutailer since our llhard-selllg a l l y c r e a t e s m o r e s t o r e t r a f f i c f o r him. Most people on o u r mailing l i s t much p r e f e r running down t o t h e i r Avalon Hill d e a l e r t o pick up the new g a m e in p e r s o n r a t h e r than o r d e r i n g through the m a i l s . T r a d e Advertising A l l of the above a d v e r t i s i n g a n d promotional s u p p o r t i s of no value unl e s s we can convince the middle m e n that we have a winner. T h e r e f o r e , a s i s the custom in the industry, we e m ploy f a c t o r y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a l l o v e r the country who c a l l on the w h o l e s a l e r s a n d r e t a i l e r s in p e r s o n . They a r e the hub of t h e e n t i r e promotional wheel. T o give t h e m ammunition, we r u n t r a d e - a d v e r t i s e m e n t s that a p p e a r in publications such a s Toys & Novelties, Playthings, Toy & Hobby World, e t c . , which a r e distributed s t r i c t l y t o toy a n d game buyers. These ads make them a w a r e of the e x i s t e n c e of o u r products and the availability of new g a m e s .

The M a r c h i s s u e f e a t u r e d a r e p l a y of Stalingrad w h e r e i n the G e r m a n player attacked a t 1-2 odds in m o s t c a s e s . Since then, m a n y s u b s c r i b e r s have submitted " b e t t e r " s t a r t i n g defensive lineups f o r the R u s s i a n player designed to preclude the swift breakthrough made by the G e r m a n p l a y e r in the e a r l y s t a g e s of the g a m e that w a s replayed. Most of the plans submitted w e r e p r e d i c a t e d upon keeping a skeleton R u s s i a n f o r c e in ~ i n a l n din o r d e r to b o l s t e r the defense in the PolishHungarian line. Our d e s i g n staff picked out a few of t h e s e and s e t t h e m up. In one c a s e , the G e r m a n p l a y e r had occupied Leningrad on the t h i r d t u r n b e c a u s e Finland had been left too weak. In o t h e r c a s e s , the German-Finnish troops s o harrassed the weak R u s s i a n f o r c e left in Finland that the R u s s i a n p l a y e r w a s constantly running t r o o p s b a c k and f o r t h f r o m the P o l i s h b o r d e r . Such vascillation ultim a t e l y c r e a t e d a hole and the G e r m a n player w a s able to capitalize. T h e r e w e r e , however, s o m e e x c e l l e n t c o m p r o m i s e s and the G e r m a n p l a y e r was h a r d put t o m a k e any headway. We a r e r e - p r i n t i n g s e v e r a l s e t t h e m up and s e e how they stand the "1-2" test. The f i r s t i s f r o m A r t Schneider, 6720 23rd Avenue. Kenosha, Wisconsin. "Stalingrad replayed in the January (Continued on P a g e 2)

Instant S u c c e s s $quander h a s b e c o m e a n instant s u c c e s s with the toy b u y e r s who have be'en a s k i n g u s f o r y e a r s t o develop a g a m e f o r the m a s s - m a r k e t . H e r e i s a g a m e

that s t a r t s you off with a million $quand e r b u c k s . The object i s t o b e the f i r s t t o throw your money away - even f a s t e r than the government d o e s it. The beauty of it a l l i s the f a c t that i t s t i l l r e q u i r e s a g r e a t d e a l of thought t o win the game. A s in that a l l - t i m e g r e a t . Monopoly, the b r i g h t e r p l a y e r s will invariably win m o s t of t h e t i m e . T h a t ' s why the toy b u y e r s a r e going c r a z y o v e r $quander. They e s p e c i a l l y l i k e the f a c t that i t s p r i c e d a t $3.98, just like Monopoly. Now, we don't have anything against Monopoly - a f t e r a l l , i t took 30 y e a r s t o come up with something b e t t e r .

THE GENERAL

PAGE 2
after Jon P e r i c a ' s west coast Game Analysis Club. The son of an Air Force careerman. Stan Wolcott, i s the w e s t editor. His straight "A" scholastic standing h a s obtained for him two nominations to the Air Force academy and a four- y e a r Regent's Scholarship to the University of Nebraska, Wolcott's ultimate aim i s to enter international politics. Rounding out the staff is Tom A. Bosseler in the southwest. Bosseler's ultimate aim i s just to get out of high school so he may devote m o r e time to winning Avalon Hill games. He will feature a r t i c l e s in his column on how to "attack, defend, plan campaighs, and win every game." Quite an intersting lineup of editors, what ? We urge you to write them. anything of interest you have to say may very well wind up in sections of their respective columns.

. ..

a bi-monthly magazine mailed pretty

dose to the first day o f January,

March, May,

July, September and November. The Avalon Hill Gmeral is edited mdpublished by the Avalon Hill Company, Baltimore, Maryland.
Copyright 1964 T. A. H. C. Baltimore, Maryland. Printed in U . S.A.

New Editors Appointed to Staff

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(Continued f r o m Page 1. GENERAL seemed to offer a challengefor a foolproof Russian Order of Battle, and I think I have one that will limit the German 1-2 Blitz a s much a s T e r r a i n will allow. Of course, the subsequent moves, and the willingness of the German to take r i s k s will still determine the game, but this o r d e r of battle would surely be an a s s e t because no major r i v e r lines could be breached in the f i r s t move. ( I think) GRID COORDINATE S-18 U-18 X-15 X-16 2-16 AA-15 BB-15 CC-14 EE-12 JJ-12 KK-14 NN-13 00-13 UNITS BY COMBAT FACTORS 7-10, 6 - 3 4-6 2-3 4-6,4-6,4-6 5-7. 5-7 7-10, 5-7, 5-7 5-7, 5-7, 5-7 5-7, 5-7, 4-6 4-6, 4-6 4-6 5-7, 5-7, 5-7 4-6 2-3

As The General begins its second year of publication, a new group of a r e a editors takes over for the next six issues. Of course, we will continue to include a r t i c l e s from the previous editors whose contributions in the f i r s t year of publication helped make this magazine a rousing success. Why Editors a t All? The establishment of a r e a editorships promotes a c l o s e r kinship with readers, especially those f a r distant f r o m the e a s t coast offices of Avalon Hill. It allows the reader to a i r his views with editors of his own geographic and l i t e r a r y climate. The editors themselves a r e selected on the b a s i s of diversification of gaming interests. Thus you can count on an excellent cross-section of views each and every issue f r o m the newly appointed editors. Editorships have been r e -aligned into is five t e r r i t o r i e s . Heading the Laurence Plumb who has had several articles published in the Triad, Amherst's l i t e r a r y magazine. A first board Chess player a t Amherst Central High, Plumb claims that Avalon Hill games " a r e more engrossing than Chess since the possible combinations and the chance to show one's originality i s much greater. I ' Plumb i s a direct descendant f r o m General Slocum, listed a s com mander of the Union XU[ Corps in the Gettysburg game. In the southeast, avowed Confederate Marc Nicholson t.as been appointed o n the basis of his interest inmilitary history. He has alrady designed a game titled Chickamauga and chose the battle of Antietam a s the subjectfor a t e r m paper. Nicholson i s a member of the Honor Society a t Seneca High in Louisville, Kentucky. Taking c r e d i t for his wife's a r t i c l e s will be Myron R. Brundage.a new midwest editor. Brundagets interesting background includes employment for two s u m m e r s a s a field foreman with Reynolds Survey. As a pyscology major in college, he has studied statistical methods and rhetoric.. and has become just about the most fantatical Avalon Hill devotee of the afficionado group. He heads up a Chicago club patterned

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Laurence Plumb 126 Washington Highway Amherst, New York 14226 EDITOR covering Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New J e r s e y , Pennsylvania, Europe.

east

The r e s t a r e r e s e r v e o r in Finland." The second, f r o m Richard A. Shagrin. room 356 Haggett Hall, U. of Washington in Seattle, felt that the Nemunas River bend needed defensive bolstering. Here, then, i s his complete setup: Grid System: A through W W run along E a s t and West edges, 0 through 57 run along North and South edges angled southeast-northwest. Leningrad i s K3 1, Warsaw i s 213. Bucharest i s QQ9. Cavalry 2 A3 6 S18 4 6 A36 Armor 1 2 3 4 Infantry 2 3 4 5 C36 U18 E36 G34 6 7 15 53 1 X15 EEl2

Probability for Tactics & Strategy

by Laurence Plumb One of the most important abilities of every strategist and tactician i s the ability to a r r i v e at a decision under a given s e t of combat conditions. His mind must combine the intangibles such a s t e r r a i n , pyschological condition, and enemy capability with the tangibles such a s odds, replacement rate, and movement factor to develop a favorable and logical solution to a military situation. In this a r t i c l e I would like to examine the odds chart briefly to a s s i s t the r e a d e r to a r r i v e a t such decisions. The probability of a given event i s defined a s the number of favorable outcomes over the total number of possible outcomes. In the case of the die the probability of rolling any single number, say a four, i s one-sixth, o r one in six. This means that on the average, one roll in six will turn up the desired number, o r one-sixth of the time the die will have a four face up.

R18 AA15 C36 E36

9
10 11

G34 J31 JJl2 216

THE GENERAL
DB2 EXC AB2 AE 116 116 216 216 116 116 116 216 116 216 116 116 solidly defended beach when nine times out of ten the Allies would move a s h o r e ! In Stalingrad i t can be very helpful in determining the number of one to twos necessary to insure (by insure I mean a probability of 9/10 o r better) the cracking of a r i v e r line, o r i t could be put to use in the l a t e s t German strategy of massive s e t s of one to twos by giving a n estimate of what l o s s e s the German commander could expect. I would appreciate hearing your comments, c r i t i c i s m s and suggestions. First. PAA groups all P units into stacks of 15 (the cavalry presents some problems, but that's the way it goes). One stack of infantry is initially placed near Quatre B r a s , it will l a t e r be used to defend the hills around the road junction. The main stack of cavalry i s also placed a t QB. It can be sent to either Nivelles o r Ligney a s the battle demands. The remaining infantry is placed in a line on the Ligne River covering the a r e a f r o m the secondary road to St. Amand. The cavalry that was not used in the main stack i s placed around the infantry so a s to prevent i t from being attacked on the f i r s t turn. French Opening Moves The F player shoulddivide his troops into three groups. The I and I1 Corps will advance on Nivelles. A light mixed force will move toward QB. The r e maining main force will move up from Fleurus and attack the P cavalry screen. Now o r Never The P player must now attack. If he is lucky with the die, he can t r y 1 to 1 o r even 1 to 2 attacks. Other players must confine themselves to more conservative attacks. The P will eventually lose all the units that he puts into the fight but by striking f i r s t , he should be able to destroy a t l e a s t a s many F units. The strategy behind these opening moves is three-fold. F i r s t , the P i s fighting only p a r t of the F , the r e s t being too f a r away to help. Second, this battle takes several turns, perhaps a s many a s six o r eight, allowing the AA reinforcements to a r r i v e on the scene. Third, this attack can irrepairably cripple, the main F force. The AA troops will now have to fight only the I and I1 corps. Of course, the psychological effect i s also important. It gives the initiative to the PAA. As long a s it i s retained, the F will have to work quite hard to pull the game out of the fir;.

In o r d e r to determine the probability of any one given attack succeeding add the separate favorable outcomes. F o r example, suppose one were contemplating a two to one attack. The favorable outcomes would most likely be considered to be DE, EXC, and DB2. Their sum (116 t 216 + 116) i s 416. Hence out of six two to one attacks one could expect t o win four of them. In o r d e r to determine the probability of a given s e t of attacks succeeding multiply the unfavorable r e s u l t s in the f i r s t attack by the unfavorable r e s u l t s in the second attack by the unfavorable r e s u l t s in the third attack and s o onuntil all the separate attacks have been included. This will give the probability of losing every attack. Subtracting this f r o m one will give the complementwhich is not losing every attack, o r winning a t least one of them. F o r example, suppose cess t h e r e would be if three one to twos were attempted against a r i v e r line. At one to two there i s only one favorable event, DB2 (Exchange would not be considered favorable since the defender would still be smiling happily behind h i s unbreached r i v e r line). The unfavorable r e s u l t s a t one t o two (EXC, 216 216) AB2, and AE) total (116 516. The product of the separate totals (516 x 516 x 516) i s 1251216 or,approximately 61 10. Subtracting this f r o m one we get 4/10. Hence, in ten s e t s of three one to twos, we could expect to win a n attack in four of them. Probability can a l s o be used t o determine the macroscopic position one could expect to find oneself after a given s e t of attacks against the enemy. Assume each of the s e p a r a t e probabilities (DE, DB2, EXC. AB2 and A E ) to be indicative of the whole attack. F o r example, suppose one to twos were being made along a n entire front with a total of sixty attack factors. Out of these sixty factors, 116 o r 10 would force the enemy back two. One-sixth, o r 10 would exchange with enemy units. Two-sixths o r (60 x 216) twenty factors would be forced back two. Two-sixths o r twenty factors would be eliminated by the AE. Totaling the eliminated units we find that thirty out of sixty factors would be eliminated either through exchanges o r d i r e c t elimination. These three calculations can be very helpful in determining both strategy and tactics. In D-Day they can be helpful in determining an invasion a r e a ; by setting a minimum probability of 9/10 a s the probability of moving a s h o r e one might be tempted to invade a seemingly

Southeast (

Marc Nicholson 2425 Meadow Road Louisville 5, Kentucky EDITOR - coveringDelaware, Maryland D. C., Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia. Florida. Kentucky. Tennessee, Alabama. Mississippi.

Waterloo Defense
by Marc Nicholson I would like to open my f i r s t column by publicly expressing my thanks to AVALON HILL for making m e an editor. I promise to give this column my b e s t effort, such a s that may prove to be. Anyhow, thank you AVALON HILL. Next, I invite anyone who has a workable opening and/or move for either side in Waterloo to write me. I a m going to conduct a s o r t of a survey. Personally, I think the French have it almost a l l their own way. One instance where they don't will occupy the r e s t of this column. P-A-A Loses Too Often As I stated above, I feel that the French player has a much e a s i e r time of 'it in Waterloo. The P-A-A player usually follows the same defense pattern; fight for Nivelles, Quatre Bras, and Tilly; fall back slowly on Mont St. Jean; lose in the end. Usually, enough French cavalry gets off the board to eliminate the P. IV Corps by defection. There must be a better line of defense. P-A-A Must Attack As a student of F r e n c h f o r four y e a r s , I a m quite an avid fan of Napoleon. Consequently, I most often play the French side. The few times I have lost, I have been the victim of radical defenses. The P-A-A player relied on the old axiom that the best defense i s a good offense. One such system I will relate to you now.

Midwest
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Myron R. Brundage 330 W. Dickens Chicago. Illinois 60614 covering Ohio, Indiana, IlliEDITOR nois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota. Iowa. Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana.

Bismarck by Mail
by Myron R. Brundage Avalon Hill's Bismarck i s a naval game which i s easily adaptable to playby-mail. To adapt your Bismarck game to

THE GENERAL
play-by-mail, f i r s t put a g r i d on your battle board, placing n u m b e r s one thru seven horizontally along the n a r r o w ends of the board f r o m the c o r n e r s reading Northwest t o Northeast and Southwest t o Southeast. Then place l e t t e r s A t h r u H vertically along one side f r o m c o r n e r s reading Northeast to Southeast. L a t e r , when positioning your ships on the Battle Board r e f e r f i r s t to t h e i r grid co-ordinate, lA, 3D, etc. and then to t h e i r Bow Facing. That i s , the direction the Bow of your ship i s facing (North. Northeast. E a s t , Southeast, o r South, etc). If you wish t o give i t m o r e r e a l i s m you can add the d e g r e e s of the compass t o the direction by saying, f o r example. Bow Facing SSE 120, etc, denoting g e n e r a l direction, exact direction and d e g r e e s on compass. Using R e c o r d Sheets Next, remove two S e a r c h Board Record Sheets f r o m the tablet. One to s e r v e a s a n information sheet between you and your opponent. Since the r e c o r d sheet i s printed on both s i d e s , one side will s e r v e a s yours, the other a s your opponent's. It i s wise to place your name a t the top next t o where i t s a y s S e a r c h Board and your opponent's name on t h e r e v e r s e side. On this sheet you keep the r e c o r d s of time and of hits in battle a s in a n o r m a l game of Bismarck. Since maps a r e provided you can on one t r a c e the p r o g r e s s of B i s m a r c k through the game, by placing a 'lB" a t Bergen and drawing a l i n e f r o m each s u c c e s s i v e zone o r A r e a s h e a p p e a r s in throughout the game. On the other m a p can b e shown Bism a r c k ' s suspected position, if approximately known and a s q u a r e - e n c i r c l e ment around i t of two s q u a r e s i n a l l directions. This i s done by counting out two zone s q u a r e s in a l l directions f r o m the zone B i s m a r c k i s known to b e in o r if zone i s not known, by counting two s q u a r e s in a l l directions f r o m the A r e a B i s m a r c k i s known t o be i n and connecting the l e t t e r s of t h e s e zones. This informs both p l a y e r s of where B i s m a r c k ' s possible moves a r e on the following t u r n and m a y even s e r v e a s a tactical tool f o r helping the B r i t i s h player find and concentrate on Bism a r c k ' s movements. The B r i t i s h player places the name of h i s C r u i s e r s and A i r c r a f t C a r r i e r s on the other Record sheet, but not the n a m e s of h i s Battlewagons being a s they a r e a l r e a d y printed. This r e c o r d sheet the B r i t i s h player keeps f o r h i s own use. T h r e e places w h e r e they can b e written in a r e ( 1 ) above the word B i s m a r c k and t o the left of where i t s a y s Hit Record; ( 2 ) to the right of s a m e and below the T i m e Record; ( 3 ) and in the e x t r e m e right hand bottom c o r n e r . This i s done s o that the B r i t i s h player can keep a r e c o r d of his co-ordinates between l e t t e r s and turns. The Bism a r c k player only need place h i s coordinate next t o the word B i s m a r c k on h i s own such sheet to keep his r e c o r d . Conducting of Battle Battle i s resolved s i m i l a r l y t o the Afrika Korps method of play-by-mail. T h e r e f o r e , ten digit tables a r e needed r a t h e r than the s i x digit ones printed on your S e a r c h and Battle Boards. You and your opponent may build your own o r u s e the following tables: F o r the S e a r c h Board c h a n c e Table, digits 1 & 2 stand f o r " B i s m a r c k locates a B r i t i s h Convoy and sinks s a m e . 3-8 stands f o r "British a i r recon sights Bismarck. etc. 'I, 9-0 stands for "No Effect". F o r the Battle Board Chance Table, digits 1-3 stand f o r "Misty Weather, etc. 'I, 4 & 5 f o r "Bismarck t u r n s on CV o r CA in s a m e zone and sinks one, etc. 'I, 6 & 7 "British CA's launch t o r pedo attack, etc. ", 8-0 Swordfish's planes sight and conduct a e r i a l torpedo attack, etc". The Battle Results Table f o r Brange (2 s q u a r e s a p a r t ) i s a s follows: To Broadside; 1 & 2 Bow h i t s , 3 & 4 S t e r n h i t s , 5 Sec. A r m . , 6-0 M i s s e s ; To Bow; 1 - 3 Bow hits, 4-0 Misses; T o Stern; 1 & 2 S t e r n h i t s , 3 & 4 Midships, 5-0 Misses. F o r A-range ( 1 s q u a r e a p a r t ) : To Broadside; 1-3 Bow hits, 4 & 5 S t e r n h i t s , 6 & 7 Sec. A r m . , 8 Midships, 9 & 0 M i s s e s ; To Bow; 1-3 Bow hits, 4 & 5 Midships, 6-0 M i s s e s ; To Sternk 1-3 S t e r n hits, 4 & 5 Midships, 6-0 Misses. F o r the Torpedo Table, 1-3 Midships. 4-0 Misses. Since play-by-mail can get to b e a long ordeal, i t i s suggested t o cut down the length of correspondence that two specific l i s t s of stocks be chosen in advance of battles f o r you and your opponent. These l i s t s will s e r v e t h r u e v e r y round of battle. Each l i s t r e p r e senting the total salvo count that any one ship can possibly have in a single round of battle. That i s , one stock f o r each shot. Thus totaling 14 f o r the B r i t i s h and 16 f o r B i s m a r c k , who gets two e x t r a because she can f i r e a t two ships simultaneously in a , multiship battle and i s a b l e , t h e r e f o r e , to u s e both h e r secondary a r m a m e n t s ; wherea s B r i t i s h ships can only u s e one side a t a time. If and when a multiship batt l e o c c u r s the ,British player submits to the B i s m a r c k player additional l i s t s of stocks totaling the exact salvo count f o r each of h i s bther ships. The f i r s t s i x stocks (1-6) and the l a s t six stocks ( 11-16) of the B i s m a r c k ' s l i s t a r e always used f o r Bow and S t e r n

PAGE 4
T u r r e t s respectfully. F o r the B r i t i s h (1-7) i s always Bow and (10-14) always Stern. Since the B r i t i s h can only u s e one Sec. A r m . a t a t i m e ( 8 & 9 ) will suffice. F o r B i s m a r c k (7 & 8 ) a r e tee P o r t side and (9 & 10) a r e the Starb. When a gun i s hit that stock i s stricken f r o m the l i s t and i s not used f o r the r e s t of the Battle. Along with t h e s e l i s t s of stocks go a l i s t of closing dates, preferably F r i days, because F r i d a y ' s r e s u l t s a l s o a p p e a r in Saturday papers. F r i d a y ' s a r e a l s o good because i t takes two days traveling t i m e f o r each l e t t e r and one days contemplation and writing giving s i x days between closing dates. Thanks t o John Rockholz and George Callen f o r t h e i r m a j o r contributions toward perfecting this play-by-mail s y s t e m . Any q u e r i e s about this s y s t e m will be welcomed a t 330 W. Dickens, Chicago, Illinois 60614. And with that I leave you f o r now with this thought: "Your r u l e s a r e your Bible-know them and you know your game.

West
Stan Wolcott P. 0. Box 381 Hastings, N e b r a s k a EDITOR - covering North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska. Kansas, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Canada.

A Plea for
Napoleonic Warfare
by Stan Wolcott This being the f i r s t a n n i v e r s a r y i s sue of the General, i t s e e m s appropriate t o speak of another anniversary, a l s o of i n t e r e s t to w a r g a m e r s , which o c c u r s in a few weeks. This coming June 18th, m a r k s the 150th a n n i v e r s a r y of the battle of Waterloo; the eventwhich ended the Napoleonic E r a . As m o s t of you a l r e a d y know, t h i s decisive battle has been r e c r e a t e d in exacting detail by Avalon Hill in their game of the s a m e name. The game, covering the e n t i r e campaign r a t h e r than just the battle itself, begins play on June 16th and concludes i t on June 20th, 1815. During this time interval the two players, the F r e n c h and Prussian-Anglo-Allied, a r e able to maneuver their f o r c e s over the t e r r a i n of the accurately reproduced mapboard; the r e s u l t being one heck of a challenging game to all concerned. Superlatives f o r WATERLOO In the words of p a s t editors, includ-

THE GENERAL
ing my predecessor, WATERLOO i s "the most accurate of a l l war games", "For strategic and tactical maneuver the best game" and finally "one of the best AH games and certainly one of the best balanced." To add my own comments to those of the others, I believe WATERLOO i s probably the b e s t battle game Avalon Hill h a s produced to date. It contains all of the p r e r e q uisites for an interesting game, which to my mind a r e a s follows. P r e r e q u i s i t e s for an Interesting Battle Game (1) Simplicity - The rules and object of the game a r e easily understood and readily learned; ( 2 ) Balance Neither side has a preponderant advantage over the other; the outcome depends almost solely on the players themselves, without emphasis on the roll of the die; (3) Variety There a r e a s many methods of playing the game a s there a r e playe r s ; the game does not become very monotonous o r stereotyped; and (4) Authenticity - The original situation has been faithfully recreated and i s historically correct. A P l e a to Avalon Hill Let this then be a plea to AvalonHill for the production of games in a r e a s other than World War 11, particularly the Napoleonic Era. These w a r s oi long ago shaped history a s much as World War 11, maybe even m o r e ; they were also the anvil f r o m which modern strategy and tactics were forged. Why then have they been s o neglected? F o r myself, being an exponent of Napoleonic warfare, I would like to see battle games made of the Liepzig and Austerlitz campaigns. Probably most of you out there also have a favorite battle you would like to see materialize into a game. Write In! If so, take this a s an invitation to drop m e a line voicing your thoughts on the subject and I, in turn, will relay them on to Avalon Hill. Remember, a s a wargaming enthusiast your response will have profound effect upon the p r o duction of future games! In the months to come, I'd like to write articles about things in which you, the reader, a r e interested in, s o don't hesitate to write m e about your p r e f e r ences; they will be of invaluable help in writing the column. In closing, I would like to leave with you one of my favorite military sayings which all of us would do well to r e m e m ber. Marshal Turenne, Louis XIV's ablest general, once said "When a gene r a l makes no mistakes in war it i s because he has not been at it long."

PAGE 5
best to lose a few games while practicing than to only half l e a r n each attack. TACTICAL ATTACKS 1) Frontal-hit front part of unit when sides a r e covered. Good for feints and holding attacks. Sometimes costly in material. 2 ) Flank-maneuver around unit leavingopen r e t r e a t . Good against outposts, etc. Can leave attacking units without adequate support in case of counterattack. 3 ) Pincer-surround enemy before attack, leaves no r e t r e a t . 4 ) Attrition-continuous attack. Good for reducing strength of enemy. Can be costly in material. 5) Double-Flank surrounds enemy leaving no r e t r e a t . Good against salients.

GRAND TACTICS (combination attacks)

A Question These then a r e the characteristics of an enjoyable and interesting battle game and I feel that WATERLOO h a s come very near to fulfilling them all, although even i t has defects whichmight be corrected. Nevertheless, one may ask that if WATERLOO i s such a successful game, a s doubtless it is, why then haven't m o r e games following its format been produced ? Most Napoleonic campaigns upon inspection, reveal the same game possibilities a s WATERLOO, yet none have been followed up. The Reason Why? There a r e two things which I feel a r e responsible for this situation. F i r s t , the closeness of the Second World War to the present generation. The Second World War has impermeated the minds of Avalon Hill and w a r g a m e r s to the point that every other period of warfare has been overshadowed. To wit. Of the battle games produced by Avalon Hill, including their newest game BATTLE O F THE BULGE, there a r e seven games dealing with World War I1 and only two with other wars. Second, lack of documentation. While there i s an overabundance of material on the Second World War, there i s a corresponding scarcity of it on the Napoleonic Wars, a s well a s others. This l a s t reason, while maybe a hindrance, should not altogether preclude Avalon Hill f r o m making a game of this period. If they have reached the high degree of efficiency in r e s e a r c h , which they boast of, this would be only a minor difficulty in their "5-Step Cycle. I '

6 ) Siege-surrounds units without attacking. Good for reducing strongpoints. Can be costly in time. 7 ) Frontal Soak-off attack of weak units in continuous line. Good for forcing r e t r e a t s .

s '
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C
K

Southwest

Tom A. Bosseler 5423 Fallbrook Avenue Woodland Hills, California EDITOR covering Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, California, Hawaii. F a r East. It s e e m s t o me that most people (and Avalon Hill) don't want to fool around with Play-Balance. Accordingly, I a m writing only a r t i c l e s on gaming strategy and tactics and realistic play. The following diagrams of attacks a r e very basic and fundamental. Obviously, many variations of each attack a r e possible. To improve your gameplaying you should memorize completel! the following methods of attacks. As in chess, you should apply each attack in a lot of games in o r d e r to l e a r n them. Not until you have each and every a t tack a t your command can you even consider using strategy in a game. It's

Ex. -Notice that instead of attacking odds, A divided his attacks a t I1banzait1 into two sacrifices and two "stomps. Next turn A will gain this t e r r i t o r y a t a minimal loss. 8 ) Flank Soak-off-getting by strongpoints leaving defender's r e t r e a t open.

Ex. -Here A has advanced a s f a r a s possible. Next turn D will either a t tack o r r e t r e a t . In either case if A has sufficient r e s e r v e s he will gain two squares.

THE GENERAL
9 ) P i n c e r Soak-off-surrounds e n e m y strongpoints.
1

PAGE 6
Too often the t h i r d possibility, s u b t l e r but just a s deadly, i s forgotten. T h i s is t h e l o w e r i n g of e n e m y m o r a l e . M a t e r i a l l o s s t o the e n e m y i s benef i c i a l when you have a n overwhelming s u p e r i o r i t y . The second possibility, gain of position, not only p r e v e n t s t h e e n e m y f r o m obtaining i t , but allows you t o give b a t t l e a t your own t i m e and place. The definition t o the t h i r d possibility, l o w e r i n g of e n e m y m o r a l e , is up t o you. It involves e i t h e r making the e n e m y believe h i s position i s hopel e s s but a l s o producing a m o m e n t a r y p a r a l y s i s of h i s r e s e r v e s . trating s o that the German's escape i s p r e t t y much timing a n d luck, i n this c a s e i t d o e s n ' t h u r t t o fight a s you will pick u p points t o h e l p even if you a r e caught. Another g e n e r a l r u l e i s t o b r e a k c o n t a c t if a fight looks l i k e i t will l a s t o v e r t h r e e b a t t l e b o a r d moves. The e n e m y m a y well b r i n g up r e i n f o r c e m e n t s t o complicate things, and B i s m a r c k n e e d s t o k e e p well a h e a d of p u r s u i t t o have r o o m t o m a n e u v e r . Keep B a t t l e s h i p s i n P a i r s On the B r i t i s h s i d e t h e a m a t e u r a d m i r a l should deploy h i s s h i p s to c o v e r e v e r y p o s s i b l e s q u a r e , which with a l i t t l e l u c k l e a v e s only two o r t h r e e openings. F r o m t h e r e it i s p o s s i b l e t o c a t c h m o s t of the p o s s i b l e s p a c e s on t h e next move s o that if contact i s not m a d e you a t l e a s t h a v e a good idea w h e r e h e is. A p r i m e r u l e f o r t h e B r i t i s h t o follow is t o t e a m u p battles h i p s with two t o g e t h e r a t a l l t i m e s ; n e v e r b r e a k t h i s a s a single capital s h i p is a dead duck a g a i n s t a n u n d a m a g ed B i s m a r c k and even a damaged one c a n put Renown o r R e p u l s e u n d e r . Another hint, n e v e r put t h e s e two tog e t h e r a s two a r e a l m o s t a s e a s y t o sink a s one. When B i s m a r c k h a s been h u r t i t i s s a f e t o b r e a k up G e o r g e V, P r i n c e of Wales, Hood, Rodney, and R a m i l l i e s . but only when s h e i s s e v e r e l y damaged. No s i n g l e B r i t i s h s h i p should e v e r take h e r a t night b e c a u s e of the f i r e power advantage. T h e b e s t possible plan I have found i s t o k e e p t h e p a i r s of heavy s h i p s in a s o r t of t r i a n g l e with t h e slow ships closer to German t e r r i t o r y s o t h a t they will have t i m e t o move. T h e s e g r o u p s should be c l o s e enough f o r m u t u a l s u p p o r t . The c r u i s e r s can b e u s e d t o f o r m a s c r e e n which expands f r o m top t o b o t t o m on e a c h move until t h e b o a r d i s blocked off into twohalves. Then t h e B r i t i s h c a n s w e e p w e s t until B i s m a r c k i s f o r c e d t o move t o w a r d home. With luck s h e can b e blocked with a p a i r of capital s h i p s .

Ex. - A f t e r t h e a t t a c k a n d n e c e s s a soak-off, the powerful e n e m y unit will be helpless. 10) A t t r i t i o n Soak-off-attack of many units by many units.

Tactics for Bismarck

by Walter G u e r r y G r e e n , 111 Since just about everybody s e e m s t o have a f a v o r i t e t h e o r y on how t o win a t t h i s o r t h a t g a m e , I a m going t o add m y own i d e a s on B i s m a r c k . S e v e r a l things m u s t b e r e m e m b e r e d i n examining t h e s e thoughts. In t h e f i r s t place n o plan is foolproof even if s o m e fool thinks i t is. T h i s i s t r u e f o r a v e r y good r e a s o n - human n a t u r e . No two opponents a r e exactly a l i k e and what will d e s t r o y one u t t e r l y will play into a n o t h e r ' s h a n d s completely. T h e r e is a l w a y s s o m e s m a l l move that i s not anticipated; f o r i n s t a n c e one of m y opponents m a d e a fool of a p e r f e c t t r a p o n m y p a r t by u s e of a football buttonhook which l e f t t h e e n t i r e B r i t i s h Navy s t a r i n g a t B i s m a r c k ' s wake. The s e c ond point i s t h a t although no plan i s foolproof s o m e definitely r e d u c e t h e e n e m y ' s c h a n c e s e s p e c i a l l y if you a r e s m a r t enough t o r e m e m b e r y o u r opponents' f a v o r i t e t r i c k s . Head f o r t h e C o r n e r On t h e G e r m a n ' s s i d e i t i s definitely a b e s t b e t t o head f o r the f a r t h e r e s t c o r n e r of y o u r p o s s i b l e move. My f a v o r i t e i s s o m e w h e r e i n t h e neighborhood of E-5-c. F r o m t h e r e t h e G e r m a n m u s t play i t by e a r l i t e r a l l y . If t h e B i s m a r c k i s s m a r t a n d plots t h e position of h i s p u r s u e r s e a c h t u r n he c a n f a i r l y soon pick out t h e s e a r c h patt e r n i n u s e and l o c a t e the e n e m y b a t t l e s h i p s , e s p e c i a l l y t h e slow o n e s . If t h e e n e m y i s s o stupid a s to d i s p e r s e h i s c a p i t a l s h i p s on a one p e r s q u a r e b a s i s . B i s m a r c k c a n with a l i t t l e l u c k s n a t c h one up on h e r way b a c k t o p o r t . On no account should the G e r m a n a c c e p t c o m b a t on h i s way out u n l e s s facing a v e r y weak s h i p o r a m e d i u m one a t night. T h i s d i c t u m is b a s e d on the f a c t t h a t i t m a y well l e a v e B i s m a r c k in a damaged state; a t sea this i s dangerous a s the e n e m y m a y well catch you. On t h e way i n t h e B r i t i s h player i s usually a w a r e of B i s m a r c k ' s position and i s concen-

Ex. - H e r e i t is a s s u m e d that A h a s the n e c e s s a r y overwhelming local r e s e r v e s f o r t h i s type of a t t a c k . A f t e r a while D should f e e l the m a t e r i a l l o s s and then, of c o u r s e , A will a t t e m p t t h e breakthrough. 11 ) Double-Flank Soak-off - a t t a c k of s a l i e n t while soaking off a t t h e b a s e .

Ex. - I t ' s a l l u p f o r D ' s Heavy A r m o r and - h i s line. Notice a l s o t h a t e n e m y c o u n t e r a t t a c k i s n ' t plausible. T h i s is the tactician's masterpiece. 12) Mass-continuous a t t a c k on one spot by many methods. T h i s concludes m y l i s t of a t t a c k s . T h e r e a r e many combinations of the twelve. R e m e m b e r , only c o n s t a n t a p plication of e a c h will i m p r o v e your playing. THEORY O F T.HE ATTACK T o m o s t people, the object of t h e a t t a c k h a s two p o s s i b i l i t i e s - l o s s of e n e m y m a t e r i a l and gain of position.

Brussels by 20 June
by A l b e r t A . Nofi When, i n m i d - J u n e 1815, t h e I m p e r i a l A r m y m a r c h e d n o r t h into Belgium i t w a s opposed by two a r m i e s e a c h of which w a s equal t o i t in s i z e and s t r e n g t h . The E m p e r o r w a s not, however, one to w o r r y about the odds too much and d e v i s e d a plan which took advantage of t h e d i s p e r s e d condition of the A n g l o - P r u s s i a n a r m i e s . T h i s plan, b r i l l i a n t in i t s bold g r a s p of the s i t u ation, failed only b e c a u s e f a r too many ranking o f f i c e r s w e r e no l o n g e r up t o t h e i r long e s t a b l i s h e d high r e c o r d s of p e r f o r m a n c e . Even Ney-the " b r a v e s t

THE GENERAL
of the b r a v e M - h a dr e t u r n e d f r o m R u s s i a a v e r y different m a n and displayed v e r y e r r a t i c behavior d u r i n g the Waterloo campaign. Adopting Napoleon's Actual P l a n In outlining m y adaption of Napoleon's plan I would l i k e to m a k e i t c l e a r t h a t while I a m a s s u m i n g M a r c h a l M a d e j a ' s r e c o m m e n d e d s t a r t i n g situation i s u s e d (See Vol. 1, No. 3 ) t h e plan w o r k s well with t h e r e g u l a r a r r a n g e m e n t . H e r e i s the plan, in phase s t e p s . . 1. N e y ' s C o m m a n d ( I a n d I1 C o r p s ) a d v a n c e s on the weak Anglo-Allied force a t Quatre B r a s , brings them to b a t t l e a n d s e i z e s t h e vital r o a d c e n t e r and heights the-re. 2. The Main Body (111, IV, VI, and Gds C o r p s a n d I, 11, 111, a n d IV Cav C o r p s - ) a d v a n c e s on both s i d e s of the Ligne R i v e r t o b r i n g the P r u s s i a n I, a n d , a s they a r r i v e , I1 and I11 C o r p s t o battle with t h e intention of r e m o v i n g t h e P r u s s i a n s a s a m a j o r combatent f o r c e . 3. C o n c u r r e n t l v with P h a s e 2 N e v ' s . Command, possibly s t r e n g t h e n e d with s o m e e x t r a c a v a l r y , should b e f o r m i n g a l i n e a g a i n s t the Anglo-Allied f o r c e s in t h e Genappe r e g i o n t o p r e v e n t Wellington f r o m a s s i s t i n g t h e P r u s s i a n s . 4. When t h e P r u s s i a n s h a v e b e e n e l i m i n a t e d a s a m a j o r opponent s o m e Main Body c a v a l r y should b e thrown around the remnants to keep them in p l a c e while t h e bulk of t h e Main Body b r e a k s off combat and m a r c h e s t o N e y l s a i d probably a r r i v i n g just when AngloAllied p r e s s u r e o n Ney b e g i n s t o build up dangerously. 5 . T h e full A r m y of the North should launch s t r o n g a t t a c k s a g a i n s t t h e AngloAllied l i n e ' s w e a k e s t points i n a n effort to b r e a k through t o B r u s s e l s . 6 . A s P h a s e 5 i s going t o completion G r o u c h y ' s R e s e r v e C a v a l r y should a t t e m p t t o get a r o u n d Wellington's flank in a n effort t o t u r n i t , o r , failing t h i s , making a r u n f o r B r u s s e l s . In e s s e n c e t h a t ' s it. The defeated P r u s s i a n s about Ligny will probably mind t h e i r own b u s i n e s s until t h e i r IV C o r p s a r r i v e s and effective u s e of c a v a l r y will slow t h e m up. If the P r u s s i a n IV C o r p s r e i n f o r c e s Wellington's Genappe l i n e things b e c o m e a bit m o r e c o m p l i c a t e d but t h e P r u s s i a n I, 11, a n d I11 C o r p s will t a k e no r e a l a c t i o n i n s u c h a c a s e s i n c e they will b e too weak. Should B l u c h e r t r y to m a r c h h i s defeated t r o o p s t o w a r d s a linkup with Wellington t h e b r o k e n u p ground n o r t h of Ligny will s l o w . h i m u p m o r e effectively than c a v a l r y . In conclusion I would l i k e t o s a y that I a m a devoted "Napoleonophile" and f o r t h a t r e a s o n , a n d that r e a s o n only. d o I think t h i s plan w o r k a b l e f o r I have unlimited confidence i n t h e E m p e r o r .

CONTEST $7

..

- -- - - T h i s c o n t e s t involves a hypothetical situation a t Q u a t r e B r a s a l r e a d y s e t up Applying the r u l e s f r o m the f o r YOU. Waterloo g a m e , t h e F r e n c h p l a y e r (the I l i g h t e r u n i t s ) i s attacking, with the ob- I A t t a c k e r ( F r e n c h ) Defender ( P r u s s i a n ) j e c t of eliminating a s m a n y P r u s s i a n c o m b a t f a c t o r s a s p o s s i b l e while k e e p ing h i s own l o s s e s to a m i n i m u m . In o t h e r w o r d s , the s t r a t e g -i c a l p r e m i s e f o r t h i s m o n t h ' s c o n t e s t is t h a t you a r e to fight t h e battle s o t h a t you have the h i g h e s t probability of gain a t t h e l e a s t r i s k of l o s s . F i r s t - study the b a t t l e situation. Now r e f e r to the O p e r a t i o n s Sheet. A s you c a n s e e the c o m m a n d e r of e a c h P r u s s i a n unit i n the battle i s l i s t e d under the "Defenders" column. Under the "Attackers" c o l u m n you a r e t o w r i t e in the designation n u m b e r of the F r e n c h Unit t h a t i s attacking. If one F r e n c h Unit a t t a c k s m o r e than one P r u s s i a n unit, then the n u m b e r of the F r e n c h Unit i s t o be w r i t t e n n e x t t o e a c h of them.

,-

Operations Sheet

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How to E n t e r This contest is f r e e to all subscrib- I e r s . Simply f i l l in the O p e r a t i o n s I S h e e t and m a i l to: The Avalon Hill Co., 210 W. 28th S t r e e t , B a l t i m o r e . M a r y - I land, 2121 1 -- C o n t e s t Dept. E n t r i e s m u s t be p o s t m a r k e d o n o r b e f o r e J u n e 6 , 1965. P r i n t y o u r n a m e and a d d r e s s 1 c l e a r l y and m a k e s u r e y o u l i s t the Ava- I Name l o n H i l l g a m e you w i s h as winning p r i z e . , T h o s e of you who d o not want t o m u t i - I Address l a t e your m a g a z i n e m a y s e n d a copy o r 1 photostat. Naturally, only one t o a City s u b s c r i b e r allowed.

I
Brause State Prize

T e n Winners T e n ( l 0 ) w i n n e r s will be named. T i e s w i l l b e b r o k e n by e a r l i e s t p o s t m a r k .

I I I
1 I
I

"Vive 1 ' E m p e r e u r ! "

THE GEN-ERA1

PAGE 8,

,etters - Yes W e Get Letters

Gentlemen: L a s t September a group of a m a t e u r s t r a t e g i s t s f o r m u l a t e d p e r h a p s the f i r s t club of i t s kind i n Dauphin County, t h e Strategists' Club. We students of Bishop McDevitt High School a r e the f o r m u l a t o r s . A s y e t we have held a T a c t i c s I1 t o u r n a m e n t a n d p r e s e n t l y a r e conducting a D-Day tournament. We a r e even planning t o develop a very large game (perhaps four times a s l a r g e a s the A f r i k a C o r p s g a m e ) which touches on a r e a s not only m i l i t a r y but even political a n d economic. The game will include s e v e r a l different c o u n t r i e s a n d should a c c o m m o d a t e a l l the m e m b e r s of o u r club. A s you c a n s e e , t h i s i s a highly ambitious and d e tailed project.
D

have the responsibility of coordinating the a l l of t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s a n d t h e r e f o r e I would g r e a t l y a p p r e c i a t e if you would keep m e well informed about t h e l a t e s t developments a t Avalon Hill - t h e s e have g r e a t i m p a c t on a young club. G ~ a l d Gelatt, P r e s i d e n t of the S t r a t e g i s t s Club, 1630 P a r k S t . , H a r r i s b u r g , P a . D e a r Avalon Hill: I have just r e c e i v e d your b r o c h u r e in the m a i l . I think i t ' s a s i c k effort and don't think you should insult your c u s t o m e r s with those snide a t t e m p t s a t h u m o r . . L a w r e n c e Bevy.

0
Question Box
AFRIKA KORPS: Q: C a n a supply unit p a s s o v e r a n autom a t i c v i c t o r y situation and supply a n o t h e r battle while supplying the auto~ ma -tic victory? A: Yes. MIDWAY: Q: C a n the J a p p l a y e r bring the Hosho o r Zuiho on b o a r d with planes a l r e a d y r e a d i e d s o that they c a n b e launched in the t u r n of e n t r y on b o a r d ? A: Yes. Q: How does Midway Island get i t s 30 squadrons ? A: They m a y be flown t h e r e f r o m c a r riers. Q: C a n c a r r i e r s take a i r c r a f t off Midway to r e p l a c e t h e i r l o s s e s ? A: Yes. Q: When placing s h i p s on the battle b o a r d , m a y s o m e s h i p s be facing o t h e r s ? A: No, a l l s h i p s m u s t b e heading in one direction. BULGE: Q: In B a s i c Game, c a n new Units e n t e r o r p a s s through the zone of control of "engaged" Units. A: Definitely not t h i s would be tantamount to r e i n f o r c i n g and i s allowed only in the t o u r n a m e n t game.

I, a s the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h i s club,

Brian Harris Wins Contest #6

Looks l i k e we h a d quite a few subs c r i b e r s attending f o r t u n e t e l l e r s b e f o r e submitting t h e i r S a l e s Populazity predictions. Contest Champ. B r i a n H a r r i s , h a d the f i r s t t h r e e g a m e s on the nose, a s did t h e second a n d t h i r d place winners. However, they w e r e p r e t t y f a r off on predicting the n u m b e r of Midway g a m e s th'at had b e e n sold. We got a l o t of laughs f r o m t h i s one a s the guesses ranged f r o m 47 t o 20,000,000. Those whose e n t r i e s c a m e c l o s e s t t o t h e a c t u a l o r d e r of s a l e s popularity (Afrika Korps, Midway, D-Day, T a c t i c s 11, Stalingrad, B i s m a r c k , Football, Baseball. Waterloo, LeMans. Gettysburg, U-Boat, V e r d i c t 11. Management D i s p a t c h e r ) a r e a s follows: 1. B r i a n H a r r i s , 3608 Manorwood Drive. Hyattsville, Md. 2. B r u c e T. Klem, 2463 S. 80th S t r e e t . West Allis, Wisconsin. 3. L e o n a r d P e d e r s o n , "A" B a t r y , 67th S t r y . , A P O New York. 4. R i c k Donaldson, 38 Thomson Road, West Hartford. Conn. 5. David G. Moore, 1871 Snowden, Memphis. T e n n e s s e e . 6. Wes S a y r e , 240-14 Caney Road, Rosedale, New York. 7. Ken Hoffman, 266 C a r r o l l S t r e e t . New Bedford. M a s s . 8. R i c h a r d E . Klug, 571 1 Chinquapin Pkwy., Baltimore. Md. 9. Edward Hughes, 610 S. T h o m a s S t r e e t , Bedford, Penna. 10. Donald Greenwood, 128 W a r r e n S t r e e t , S a y r e , Penna.

D e a r A d m i r a l McClusky: It w a s indeed nice of you t o include m e on your mailing l i s t . Unfortunately, being a g i r l , I have no g r e a t i n t e r e s t in b a t t l e g a m e s . However, I want t o congratulate you on t h e layout, design a n d wit of the b r o c h u r e . M o r e witty a p p r o a c h e s t o the m a i l o r d e r b u s i n e s s a r e highly d e s i r a b l e . . Nina E i s e n s t e i n .

Discount Offer
The Coupon shownbelow i s f o r the benef i t of the full-year s u b s c r i b e r . A s soon a s you have accumulated 4 s u c h caupons. 1 e a c h f r o m t h i s and succeeding i s s u e s , you a r e entitled t o a $1.00 d i s count applied t o t h e p u r c h a s e of a n y Avalon Hill game. H e r e ' s how i t w o r k s Each coupon i s worth 25C. But one coupon a l o n e does not entitle you t o a 25f credit. You m u s t a c c u m u l a t e 4 different coupons b e f o r e taking advanta g e of the $1.00 c r e d i t . When you have accumulated 4 coupons, then you clip t h e m a l l together a n d s e n d t h e m in with your o r d e r f o r a n Avalon Hill game. When o r d e r i n g in t h i s m a n n e r , you s i m p l y s e n d u s a check o r m o n e y - o r d e r f o r $1.00 l e s s than the u s u a l r e t a i l value of the game. Coupons a r e valid only when o r d e r ing g a m e s by m a i l d i r e c t l y f r o m The Avalon Hill Company. Coupons can not b e r e d e e m e d a t any r e t a i l outlet.

D-DAY and Q: C a n P a r a t r o o p s "take off" dropped e l s e w h e r e when surrounded by enemy zones? A: Yes.
Q: C a n Allied Units c o m e in a t E r e m e n ? A: No.

Q: Is Bordeaux a n inland p o r t ? A: Yes. Q: If a Unit finds itself adjacent t o m o r e t h a n one f o r t r e s s , c a n i t a t t a c k Units in one of the f o r t r e s s e s but not the other? A: Yes. Q: Can p a r a t r o o p e r s b e dropped next t o enemy units if t h e r e i s a r i v e r between t h e m ? A: Yes. GETTYSBURG (64): Q: If one attacking Unit fights two d e f e n d e r s on different s q u a r e s ; one of t h e m f r o n t a l a n d the o t h e r one p a r t i a l enfilade, d o e s the a t t a c k e r ' s f a c t o r doub l e o r i s the whole battle fought a t norm a l odds ? A: A t t a c k e r doubles a n d the f r o n t a l d e f e n d e r a l s o doubles.

SAVE THIS COUPON

GOOD ONLY WHEN A P P L I E D TOWARD THE PURCHASE O F AVALON HILL GAMES

THE GENERAL

PAGE 9

How to Meet Competition

by S/Sgt. Louis Zocchi Would you like to meet some new players o r get new r e c r u i t s for your club? The GENERAL has solved this problem for those of you in l a r g e cities. You look into the subscriber's directory and find someone just a c r o s s town who i s also a nut and you're in business. But not everyone who plays, r e a d s the General. And what about the isolated gamers in E a s t Overshore, Nebraska o r Stamp Back. Mississippi? In the l a s t 4 y e a r s , I have moved 3 times. Each time I a r r i v e d a t a new base, I had to train new talent. But where can this new talent be found? You can't just walk up to a stranger and a s k "Do you want to fight ? I ' Avalon Hill informs me that most of the war gamers a r e in their late teens. These players will soon have this problem because they will enter military service, go to college, o r get m a r r i e d and move. If they go to some town not listed in the Subscriber's directory they will have to cultivate new competition. It i s e a s i e r to sell someone on playing war games if he has already sold himself. The most effective method of reaching these people i s through their source of supply. You could meet every one that buys an Avalon Hill game if you stand by the game department every day long enough. Most of u s have jobs o r school and we can't do this s o the next best thing i s t o d r o p a card o r note in every game in stock. You can get the merchants permission to do this, if you explain to the merchant how your hooking of new fish can result in g r e a t e r sales for him. After you have been given the green light from the merchant, you could buy one of those toy printing p r e s s e s and print up a batch of paper with your name, a d d r e s s , & phone number. A short blurb about how you a r e willing to give tips on strategy, rule interpretation, e t c . , should sell the idea that the purchaser has some ready made competition and help available. When you buy a new game, you have 2 problems. You have to t r a i n yourself how to play, and you must t r a i n someone to play against you. This takes time. You can get the main ideas f a s t e r and e a s i e r from an old hand. Most people playing a new game would rather be told the rules s o you should have good results. I have just completed an 8 week course on how to teach. The Air F o r c e believes that the greatest single force in teaching i s enthusiasm. When you get those phone calls o r l e t t e r s , be enthusiastic! It keeps the listener in a receptive f r a m e of mind and motivates his d e s i r e to l e a r n m o r e about you and war games.

Tactics 8 Strategy
by David B. Whiskeyman Commanding an a r m y requires not only foresight but patience and an understanding of the capabilities of saidforce. Therefore, it becomes necessary to know the possible offensive and defensive maneuvers. This is the f i r s t in a s e r i e s of articles which, it is hoped, will shed light upon the subject. The Offense War i s won by initiative, which i s commonly known a s offensive operations. These operations fall into six categories: envelopments, turning movements, frontal attacks, penetrations, defensiveoffensive, and pursuit. This maneuver i s a Envelopments flanking movement seeking the enemy r e a r and his destruction in position. Two things a r e vital for a successful envelopment: speed and surprise. In this, a s in most other offensive maneuvers, the attacking force i s divided into three groups: the main attack, the secondary attack, and the r e serve. The main attack i s the flanking maneuver, consisting of the highly mobile and usually heavier units. The secondary attack i s along the main line used to pin down the enemy troops and draw their r e s e r v e s . The attacker's r e s e r v e s a r e usually hard-hitting, mobile units which can be used to exploit the main attackor, if the secondary attack is unexpectedly fruitful, maintain o r increase i t s momentum. (Though there a r e actually two types of envelopment, single and double, only the single i s dealt with here, for the double differs only by the fact that the attacker must have more forces and envelops both flanks of the defender. It must be noted, also, that airborne and seaborne f o r c e s may make up p a r t o r all of the main attack. ) The two diagrams marked "Envelopment" give a pictorial example of the flanking maneuver. The situation has been s e t up by the British taking a w c a l culated risk" (hoping the Germans r e ceive no supply on their next turn, November, 1941) and attacking on both flanks, successful in the escarpment a r e a but receiving an exchange in the south. It i s now the Germans1 f i r s t November turn. Unfortunately for the British the Germans receive their designated reinforcements supply. Spotting the weak British flank, Rommel decides to make an end run. The forces a r e divided into; Main Attack: 15th and 21 s t German Panzer Divisions. Secondary Attack: Italian Sabratha. Italian (Armor) Ariete, and the 361st (regiment) f r o m the 90th division.

Reserve: tack.

included in the main at-

--

Diagram A . situation just p r i o r Rommells enveloping maneuver.

to

and

Diagram B: situation after envelopment, but p r i o r to resolved combat. In this envelopment the secondary attack s e r v e s the main attack by helping to open the flank and close t h e p i n c e r s on the enveloped portion ~f the enemy army. In D-Day and Waterloo, the r e s e r v e plays a more important part, (since the envelopment may often take more than one turn) for in Afrika Korps the r e s e r v e must nearly always be c a r r i e d with the main attack due to the "Lightning" warfare. NEXT MONTH'S article will deal with turning movements and frontal assaults.

D-DAY P r i n t l e t t e r s A through UU along the

THE GENERAL
e a s t edge of the board, starting in the northeast corner. P r i n t numbers 1 through 49 along the south edge and the northern coastline, starting in the northe a s t corner. F o r instance; row L bisects Dusseldorf, Antwerp and Ostend; row 25 bisects Amiens, Biancon and Nice. Examples: Dunkirk i s M-22, Sedan i s Q-18, B r e s t i s V-43, Bordeaux i s LL-44 and Marsailles is TT-31. (New D-Day mapboards with gridcoordinates printed on them a r e now available $3.00 per board. ) mapboard and the geographical features on it. After a lot of experiments, I have come up with the following ideas: In Russia there a r e 15 Cities and 30 other towns named on the mapboard. At the s t a r t of the game these a r e a l l controlled, of course, by the Russians. The Russians s t a r t to obtain reinforcements f r o m their 4th turn, and the numb e r of reinforcements depends on the number of towns and cities they control. F o r each town in Russian control. allow 10 points. F o r each City, allow 20 points. Before the Russian, but after the German turn, count up the points. F r o m the 4th to the 6th move, the Russians may have reinforcements of 2 defense factors for each 100 points. F r o m the 7th to the 11th turns the Russians may have 3 defense factors f o r each 100 points. F r o m the 12th turn onwards, the Russians have 4 defense f a c t o r s f o r each 100 points. Only each full 100 points counts. Points cannot be accumulated f r o m turn to turn. Defense factors may be accumulated. Reinforcements a r e put on the board a t Archangel, Kuibishev and Grozny, but each of these towns i s dependent on one of the t h r e e big cities. If Leningrad i s captured by the Germans, no m o r e reinforcements can be brought in a t Archangel.

PAGE 10
Freehold, New J e r s e y 07728. Anyone interested in joining o r anyone that has any game ideas i s to write to Henry. A misprint i s on our information sheet: the co-ordinates for Stalingrad a r e + not -; a l s o please notice that there i s a difference between League co-ordinates and Knabe's co-ordinates. Memb e r s may play a s many League games a s they d e s i r e , however, please leave time f o r u s to fill your request. an an^ people have written about our league which now contains over 130 m e m b e r s ; therefore, the following should explain how to join and what the League really is. F i r s t of all, the League i s a national organization for the purpose of rating players. It i s NOT a substitute for clubs you may a l ready belong to a s a member. Three points f o r every win and one point for a l o s s a r e given; then, an average i s determined by totaling your points and dividing by the number of games played. After five league games you a r e placed into either the C group 1.00-2.00, B group 2.01--2.50, A group 2.51--2.75 o r the AA group 2.76--3.00. In order to join send a dollar f o r dues and an index c a r d with your name, a d d r e s s and phone number; AH games owned; side and game preference f o r your f i r s t encouqter, to: The Avalon Hill PBM League, Box 572, Huntington, Indiana 46750.

STALINGRAD P r i n t l e t t e r s A through W W along the e a s t and west edges of the mapboard; print numbers 1 through 57 along the north and south edges. S t a r t row A in the northeast and northwest c o r n e r s and s t a r t I(ow 1 in the southwest corner. F o r instance, row J bi-sects Helsinki and Lake Beloe; row 27 bisects Lake Peipus, Smolensk, Kharkov and Stalino. Examples: Helsinki is 5-26. Leningrad is K-31, Moscow is S-34, Stalingrad i s HH-36. Warsaw i s 2 - 3 1 and Sofia i s TT-3. WATERLOO P r i n t l e t t e r s A through W W along the e a s t and w e s t edges of the mapboard; print numbers 1 through 57 along the north and south edges. S t a r t row A in the n o r h a s t and northwest c o r n e r s ; s t a r t row 1 in the southeast c o r n e r . F o r instance; Row V bisects Nivelles and St. Gery. Row 27 bisects Wavre and Quatre Bras. Examples: Waterloo is E-43, Nivelles i s V-38, Quatre B r a s is X-27, Ligny i s FF-13, F l e u r u s is J J 13.

"

"New" Stalingrad
by J. K. N o r r i s It has been my belief for sometime that the Stalingrad game is the best. However, i t is, I believe, generally accepted that in this game the German side h a s little chance of winning against any reasonably intelligent defense. I have therefore been seeking some way of making the game m o r e even and m o r e enjoyable. T h e r e were, of course, s o m e necess a r y r e s t r i c t i o n s such a s : 1. The game had to r e q u i r e no additional items to the ones on the market. 2. No changes w e r e to be made to any of the pieces, o r the mapboard. It a l s o seemed to m e that i t would be desirable to make fuller u s e of the

If Moscow i s captured, no reinforcements can be brought in a t Kuibishev; while the capture of Stalingrad closes Grozny. Naturally, the capture of Archangel. Kuibishev o r Grozny closes the town f o r reinforcements. A town o r city is controlled by a unit passing through the square in which the town is situated. A unit on a square next to a city o r town does not control i t for reinforcement purposes. The Russians do not have to g a r r i son a town to gain reinforcements f r o m it, neither do the Germans have to g a r r i s o n the towns they have captured. However, if a German unit has captured a town by passing through the square, i t may be recaptured by a Russian unit passing through it, and then, if not r e occupied by the Germans, i t can be used to count points for the Russian reinforcements next turn.

German Tactics for D-DAY

by Ken Hoffman When playing the game D-Day, the Germans have one impermeable defense. I have found, through playing, that i t i s almost impossible for the Allies to win against this. The basic strategem of the game i s the use of the fortified zone, the "Siegfried Line". When the German player s e t s h i s side up, t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l basic rules that ought to be followed: 1. Static and only Static divisions should be placed on the coast. 2. The North Sea should be barricaded with 3-deep Static divisions. 3. At the ;layeras option, P a s de Calais can be defended with the r e maining Statics. which total 15. 1 4. All remaining combat units should be placed on, o r inside of, the Siegfried Line with the exception of a few delaying units. It may s e e m strange, but a l l of the possible invasion a r e a s in France a r e left open with the exception of the North Sea and P a s de Calais (which i s defended only partially). When you think about it, you will s e e that it doesn't m a t t e r if the Allies gain l a r g e amounts

Play-by-Mail League Chooses Chairman

" ~ u to e the fact that many m e m b e r s have written requesting that m o r e games be added to our present selection, we have decided to f o r m a Games Committee. The chairman of this committee i s Henry Bodenstedt, 86 Manalapan Ave.

THE GENERAL
of real estate in France. ' T h e German player i s basically playing a defensive game anyhow- That's why the Siegfried Line i s used. With the doubling of the defense f a c t o r s of a l l the combat units on the Line, an Allied soak-off i s virtually impossible. An important factor to remember is that the fortress of Aachen must be held a t a l l costs.. Even if the Allied player breaches the Line, you can always hold this with a halfdecent unit to use a s a threat to the ~ l l i security. ~ d
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PAGE 11

Spread Out After 9th Week After the 9th week, a wise defensive move would be to spread out a l l of your Static divisions. This move always delays the advancing Allied divisions, sometimes s o badly they will r e s o r t to

OppOnenfS Wanted
Imperial J a p a n e s e Navy challenges any a d m i r a l who thinks he can defend Midway. I a l a o play Waterloo. T a c t i c s 11, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville. Afrika Korps. D-Day, and Football Strategy. Include any optional r u l e s you wish t o play by. Michael B e a r d . 9717 Kemper Road. Kansas City. Mo. PENNSYLVANIANS! S P E C T R E CALLS! This organization needs you! O u r a i m total conquest of any a r m i e s that stand in our way' w e a r e found fhroughavf the United S t a t e s . Wrlte: R. J a m e l l i , 516 E a s t Dia. Ave.. Hazelton. P a . Attentlo" a l l Civil War g e n e r a l s ! I a m I" d e s p e r a t e need of opponents f o r a game of Gettysburg. I p r e f e r the Union a r m y but a m w ~ l l ~ n to g t a k e e i t h e r side. I play a l l v e r s i o n s except the hexagonal one. Write o r rend f i r s t move to T e r r y G r l n e r , S. 4214 Madelia. Spokane. Washington 99203. Hlgh school student wishes to play-bymall any reasonably competentopponent ~n A f n k a Korps, D-Day, Gettysburg (hexagon), o r Chancellorsville. Except f o r A f r i k a Korps, please s t a t e the g r ~ d co-ordinates you wish to use ~n your f l r s f l e t t e r . Write. Mark Maxim. 71 Hillcrest D r . . S p e n c e r p o r t , N. Y. opponents for the following games: Sfallngrad (Russians). A f r i k a Korps (eather). Waterloo ( F r e n c h ) , and Lett e r s concerning a Battle of the B U ~ Wrlfe Robert Barrow. 3801 - 70th Ave.. Landover Hills, Maryland. Opponents for a g a m e of Afrika Korps. I p r e f e r Brltlsh. Opponent must have complete knowledge of l a t e s t r u l e s . Apply: Donald T r a c e y . 3904 - 7Lst Ave., Landover Hills, Maryland. Opponents Wanted. Anyone in area live ( o r Portland. O r e g o n ) o r by m a i l from anywhere - that plays Midway. any B i s m a r c k . I need challengers side. 1 always plan to Win but I can stand t o l o s e . R. C. Giberson, 1422 A g n e s . Richland. Washington 99352.

As a f r e e service to subscribers the following ads a r e inserted exactly a s they a r e submitted. Ads received a f t e r the 15th day of the month preceding publication date will appear in the following issue. Please keep ads within 50 words.
"TO ARMS A L L NORTHERN CALIFORNlA AH WAR GAMERS!' OUR LEADER NEEDS H E L P ! All the E a s t bay BARONS a r e needed to defeat the SMOG of L.A. AFTERWHICH WE WILL DETHRONE THE NUT GREENE. All those in favor contact L a r r y Jagard, 5300 B a r r e t t Ave.. Richmond. California. " A highly experienced and e x p e r t t a c t i c ian needs new w o r l d ' s t o conquer. 97 to I changes that someone will win t G A m i n t e r e s t e d in f o r m i n g a n AH Club i n the (Xleens, N. Y. area. If i n t e r e s t e d p l e a s e contact R o b e r t Newell, 73-18 190th St.. Flushing. N. Y. 11366, S P 66655. l a m a l s o i n t e r e s t e d in a challenging g a m e (play-by-mall) of A = Korps. If i n t e r e s t e d send yovr r u l e s . P U N TO BE AT THE U. O F ILLINOIS (URBANA) NEXT YEAR? I will be glad t o s t a r t games now and finish you i n p e r s o n . I'm available in Afrika Korps, Stalingrad, T a c t i c s 11. Waterloo, and Jim Midway: Bulge and D-Day soon. Kobylecky, 7506 W. 59th S t . . Summit. Illinois 60503. Opponents f o r Gettyaburg. Stalingrad, Afrika Korps, D-Day or Waterloo. T&e any side, any game. J u s t be a good l o s e r . Contact: A l l c Harold Rosa. 107 Hope L m e , Iowa P a r k . Tax. Need one Play-by-Mail opponent f o r Afrika Korpe. Write. Stephen Mark Hines. P . 0. Box 1384, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202. FROM: The E m p i r e of T e n n e s s e e ' s General Staff. TO: Anyone who d a r e s challenge our unbeaten a r m i e s . SUBJECT: Your defeat in the sands of Africa. If you wish to engage our a r m z e s I" ~arth A f r i c a , please contact our Communications Chief, Chip Chesman a t 4779 Hummingbird Lane. Memphis, T e n n e s s e e . Your defeat i s c e r t a i n ! ! ! F l o r i d a Hlgh School Opponents D e s p e r ately Wanted f o r Stalingrad. D-Day. Korps, Bismarck. Midway. Waterloo. Gettyaburg (61 L 64) U-Boat, Chanceilorsviile, T a c t i c s 11. and Civil War (The War of NorthernAggression). I'll take any side any game, except the Union in any g a m e of The War Between the States. I have about 2 112 y e a r s experience. Write o r c a l l F r e d Blanchard. 3618 Granada.. Tampa. Florida.

Bloody B r i t i s h G e n e r a l to fall v i c t i m to t h e P ' D e s e r tv a m p i r e . " Send acceptance and blood type to: ED1 E. Birsaw. 4820 39th St.. Long Island City. N. Y. Blunder with the b e s t b l u n d e r e r s i n any of a l l MULTI-INEXPERIENCEDPLAYER GAMES. Many command* open in: Stalingrad. D-Day, Afrika K a r p s . Waterloo. Gettysburg (orig. I. T a c t i c s 11. Battle of the Bulge. Send name. a d d r e s s , a p p r o x i m a t e record. g a m e ( * ) and command(s1 p r e f e r e n c e s to: C h a r l e s T. Morello. 11. 445 Livingston St. : Norwood, N. J . 07648. T h i r t e e n y e a r old i n t e r e s t e d I" e i t h e r s t a r t i n g a club or joining one if one exists. If i n t e r e s t e d contact Paul J a m e s o n . 249 Magnoha P I . , Mt. L e b a non. P a . 15228 Tel. 343-3158. Wanted - a Confederate g e n e r a l f o r Geftysburg (1964) o r anyone willlng t o s u s t a i n a Red f i r s t move in TACTICS 11. Write to the TIN SOLDIER: Thomas F a n c h e r . 26 ~ i v W ~ t . . N.y Y. , Opponents in A f r i k a K o r p s , D-Day. Mldway. Stalingrad, Waterloo. Gettysb u r g '61 o r '64 or the m m B u l g e m In'. t e r e s t i n g g a m e s will be played any opc/o ponent. Write T . A . S . E . Club, Mark Diamond Chief-of-staff. 5747 Aylenboro Ave.. Pittsburgh. P a . 15217. Our glorious r a n k s of steady men Stand ready f o r the waiting to end. T o a l l l e a d e r s b r a v e and bold A challenge i s thrown. HOLDYOUR OWN The 1 s t Ohio A r m y i s mobilized; to challenge. c a l l Roger White, 164705. P a r k Blvd.. Cleveland. Ohlo 44120. C o r p s C o m m a n d e r s needed f o r Oklahoma branch of nation-wlde club. Cont a c t John Hall. 2233 South Louisville. T u l s a . Oklahoma 74114. Phone WE 6-5727. THE THIRD ARMY O F PENNA. = o m posed of 20 veteran play by m a i l c o m m a n d e r s will take on a l l c o m e r s a t any game. challenges accepted. Cont a c t the T h i r d A r m y , c / o DonaldGreenwood. 128 W a r r e n Sf.. Sayre. ~ e n n a . A l s o if you are a veteran c o m m a n d e r f r o m Pen"=. apply for m e m b e r s h i p a t same address. Wanted: 11 Allied G e n e r a l s and 8 G e r man G e n e r a l s f o r a multiplayer g a m e of D-Day. Send n a m e , a d d r e s s , exper,ence, p r e f e r e n c e of command to Willlam Hoyer, 7833 W. Becher. West Allis 19. Wis. 1 supply grid. i t i s Knabe g r l d as outlined in the May 1964 issue of the General. Adult opponents wanted f o r b e g i n n e r in D-Day, Midway l n d A f r i k a Korps. Very m t e r e s t e d in m a i l o r f a c e to face <ombat. I d o n ' t have g r i d s y s t e m for DDay o r Midway but would like to have one f o r m a i l play. W r i t e o r call: George Wullaert, 3813 Butterfield Rd.. Bellwood. Illinois 544-8442. TO: A l l c o m m a n d e r s i n t e r e s t e d i n p l a y ing an AH g a m e using s t r i c t l y r e a l i s t i c rules. P l e a s e , I want only those people who a r e i n t e r e s t e d in using t a c t i c s & s t r a t e g y . Plan a n d o r d e r o f B a t t l e m u s t be used. FROM: Tom B o s s e l e r : 23908 Califa. Woodland Hills. California. If anyone thinks that he haa an adequate D-Day d e f e n s e or can play Stalingrad

Afrika

game(s1. I will engage anyone in Afrika Korps (either s i d e ) D-Day ( G e r m a n ) , T a c t i c s I1 (Red), and 1964 Gettysburg (South) by mail. I will a l s o reserve f u t u r e g a m e s f o r you (unlisted). Send correspondence to: L a r r y Brietol. 1312 Ursuline. Bryan. Texas.

Wanted: D e s p e r a t e General lookingfor e a s y victory. J u s t began playing t h e s e g a m e s and a m looking f o r experience (even painful ones! ). 1'11 play T a c t i c s 11, Afrika Korps, and Gettysburg (64' v e r s i o n . I p r e f e r union s i d e ) by mail. Also, if anyone h a s developed a grid s y s t e m f o r Waterloo, Chancellorsville. D-Day and Stalingrad, I'd be e x t r e m e l y interested. Write: Bob Gaugham, 4320-43rd St.. Merchantville. N. J. All those wishing to join a r i s i n g international movement r e a d f u r t h e r . Our club, quainty called the "Warmongers" will soon have tenacletl in Taneania and Minnesota. w e would like to expand the ( i m p e r i a l ~ s t i c a l l y , I l k e ) in both play-by-mall and i n - p e r s o n f i e l d s , the Clark l a t t e r m Delaware County. P a . Wilson, Rabbit Run, Wallingford. Pa. 19086 (215 LO 6-6640).

Those wishing a'well-fought battle w r i t e u s ( J a c k P h a l e r i c and I), an experienced and undefeated (as of now) team, and take e i t h e r side in Waterloo. Stalingrad, Afrika Korps, the Bulge, o r Mldway (if you have a PBM s y s t e m ) . Clark Wilson. Rabbit Run, Wallingford, Pa. 1 challenge anyone in H e r k l m e r County, Fulton County, o r the Utlca area to play any Avalon Hill war game live. P l e a s e do not contact m e if you do not wish to play live. P l e a s e phone 866-0877or write: Richard J . P a r a c k a , c / o John E . Beelev. R. D. # I . M a i n s t . . " H e r k i m e r . N. Y. 13350 WANTED: G e r m a n Field Marshal f o r a play m a i l g a m e in Afrika Korps. Must be willing to be defeated, send Your f i r s t t u r n to Carleton E . Lett. 5 Minetta St.. N. Y. 12. N. Y. 10012.

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Opponents f o r Afrika Korpo. D-Day, Tactics 11, Midway. B i s m a r c k , and Football Strategy. Play-by-Mail opponent accepted f o r f i r s t 3. Contact Donald Greenwood. 128 W a r r e n S t . , Sayre, P a . Wanted. Any Allied. Ruoslan. B r i t i s h Fleid M a r s h a l s ("9 e x p e r i e n c e necess a r y ) to play a s t i l l unbeaten G e r m a n Field Marshal in Afrika K a r p s , D-Day o r Sfalingrad. S o r r y , but only by mail. Can a l s o play T a c t i c s 11. All interested write: Robert F. Dieli. 236 Jamaicawsy. Boston, Mass. before May 25th. Attentat? Attentat! Field Marshal F r e d r i c k Wilhelm Otto v a n P r i i c h wishes m e to i n f o r m any Allied o r Russian commander that h e will defeat any challenger in Overload. B a r b a r o s s a , o r Afrika Korpa who l i v e s in Nebraska, South Dakota. Iowa, or Kansas. The F i e l d M a r s h a l and h i s General Staff will t r i u m p h ! B ~ l P l rotz, 2503 Brookside ~ v e . .Omaha, ~ e b . My s t a f f of reactionary. a v f o c r s t ~ c g e n e r a l s , who a r e dedicated t o f u r t h e r i n g the causes of d i c t a t o r s h i p and tyranny. would like to challenge you to defeat t h e i r a r m i e s in the following games: Mldway (Jap. I . Stalingrad. D-Day, and Afrlka Karpa ( G e r m a n ) , o r W a t e ~ l o o (Anglo-allies). Write T e r r y G r i n e r , 5 . 4214Madelia. Spokane. Wash. 99203. I've Sent This Ad In F o r Ken T h u r m a n (186 Priceway. F o l s o m , Calif.)becau.e h e ' s such a g r e a t player. but i s too x 1 a n a d of h i s own. I modest to send 1 was undefeated until I played hlm. So Bob if y o u ' r e a man challenge him. Klllroy. We a r e a two-man club who can m a k e s h o r t work of anyone in the Chicago area. It you are i n t e r e s t e d a n d have Stalmgrad. B i e m a r c k . Afrika Korp.. Midway. D-Day, or T a c t i c s 11, give us a c a l l or w r i t e to: Milan P a u l F s b s i k . 2231 South 6 1 Court. C i c e r o . Illinois.

or A f r i k a Korps. then l e t h i m t e s t him-

s e l f by playing GAG ( G o v e r n o r s ' A r m y Group) c / o Lincoln Clark. Governor DummerAcademy. SouthByfield. Mass. I F you want p r e c i s i o n , buy f r o m Avalon but we can svpply you with Hill.. hexagons, blank unit c o u n t e r s , and s i m i l a r a c c e s s o r i e s useful to t h e de36 voted w a r g a m e fan. Hexagons 8 I12 x l l sheet. f o r $1.00. Write to G-3, c / o Ralph Fellows, T r e m o n t St.. Durbury, Mas*. 02332.

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Wanted: Opponents f o r Stalingrad both g r i d s y s t e m s outlined in the Sept. 64 i s s u e . A l s o D-Day with C a r l Knabes g r i d s y s t e m w r i t e Bill Hoyer 7833 W. Wia. 53219. B e c h e r West Alli.,

Any person who l i v e s i n M a s s a c h u s e t t s and would like to join the Masaachvsetts Branch of S p e c t r e (Special Efficacy f o r Counter-Intelligence, Revenge, and Extermination). P l e a s e contact Joseph P l c a r i e l l o , 74 Woodland Road, Waltham. Mass. 02154. His Most Royal Highness: G. Waldo Wanted adult opponents t o play Midway. Miller. 1 s t Duke of Rosemont. 1st Gettysburg 64, D-Day, Waterloo, Afrika Count von Cardalu will accept e i t h e r Korps & Stalingrad. Would p r e f e r t o side and any r u l e v a r i a t i o n s within play in person but will play by m a i l if reason to play a g a m e of Afrika Korps n e c e s s a r y . Would like opponents to be by mail. State r u l e variations when living in o r near the Oranges. Call you write: G. Waldo Miller, 28 Rose673-2708 a f t e r 5 pm o r w r i t e Holger mont Avenue, Lewiatown. P a . 17044. S. Swanson, 153 WatchungAvenue. West Multi-Player Stalingrad Game Send Orange, New J e r s e y 07052. your a d d r e s s , experience. s i d e p r e Achtung F e l d h e r r o n : in the New York f e r r e d , and if you want t o be a T h e a t e r Commander, A r m y Group Commander, and New J e r s e y area. A New F i e l d or A r m y Commander. w r i t e to ~ i ~ M ak r s h a l l f r o m the IstSTRATCOMUhas a r r i v e d in your area. My s p e c i a l t i e s are: A f r i k a Korps, Bulge, D-Day, and Stalingrad. Contact Pvt. J o h n P . Coffey, 1 g . in parma.- would l i k p t o find RA13853476, Co. E . , T . C . , F o r t Monwho buys a l l the Avalon ~ 1 1 1tames. mouth, New J e r s e y 07703, or c a l l 542Also. PBM f o r S t a l i n g r a d . I ) Automatic 9810. r e a 4Editor w i s0 h e s ~to be of b e t t e r Elim. 2 ) R u s ~ i ~ ~ ~ t ~ New ~ A2 ~ 3 s e r v i c e to h i s Editorship. All those 36. 3 ) A l l Russian units must be in s q u a r e s with heavy black line running m e m b e r s and Clubsin m y A r e a . P l e a s e send post c a r d a w i t h your n a m e . a d d r e s s , through them on opening 4 ) cerphone number. The field of Avalon Hill man Replacements-4-5-6-7. How about Gaming you a r e m o s t i n t e r e s t e d in ~ t ? Write: Sam Kanai, 3227 Center namely A i r , Land Battle. Naval Battle D r . . P a r m a , Ohio 44134 or c a l l VI. 3. o r S p o r t s and a l i s t of the Avalon Hill 5895. his r e c o r d g a m e s you own to date. w i l l take e i t h e r side in ~ f ~ i k a " 1 1 g r e a t l y i m p r o v e m y a r t i c l e s to you or stalingrad. ~ e t t y s b u r g 58'; D - D ~ Y ; by l e t t i n g m e know what you like t o r e a d Also willing to l e a r n other ~~~l~~ill about. MyronBrundage. 330W.Dickena. g a m e s . I a m willing, very caper, t o Chicago. Illinois. join any clubs on these games i n the ATTENTION MASTERS O F TACTICS: Detroit area. But please, no play-byYOU a r e wanted as opponents to b e demail. Contact: Steve sul1ivan. 1662 f e a t e d in TACTICS I1 (1961 r u l e s ) or Bournemouth, Grosae p o i n t woods, AFRlKA KORPS ( l a t e s t r u l e s ) . I p r e f e r ~ i c h . phone: TU. 5-4947. 15). Blue i n TACTICS I1 and G e r m a n s in GENERALS Those you that appreAFRIKA KORPS. Write R i c h a r d Berkc i a f e the r e a l i s t i c a n d yetnon-hlstorical s e t h , 221 Dallas S t r e e t , R i v e r F a l l s , f e a t u r e * of T a c t i c s I1 a r e hereby invited Wisconsin 54022. t o play a v e r y d e t e r m i n e d opponent. Wanted: An opponent who c o n s i d e r s Any o r a l l optional r u l e s . Contact: ~ e d h i m s e l f to be between a v e r a g e and good Pittman. 205 Albany Avenue. Brooklyn, to t r y t o defend North A f r i c a or R u s s i a N. Y. 11213, Phone 773-1272. or to a t t a c k Europe. Send any inquiries Opponent who can meet rigid requireto this a d d r e s s : G a r y Lanham. 5 Eaton ment: Must b e f r o m below MaeonC i r c l e , F o r t Oglethorpe. Georgia. Dlxon Line. If d e s p e r a t e however, I "in-the-neah. Wanted: Opponents ~111 accept a w e s t e r n e r . P r e f e r a b l e Anyone living within a reasonable d i s Wellington to engage capable Nopoleon tance f r o m Norwalk. Con". and wishes or inexperienced R u s ~ i a n to battle to take a c r a c k a t m y 53-6-2 r e c o r d i s Pledging German. Write: J i m levi ins, welcome t o any engagement of t h e i r Box 1188, Lansing. North Carolina and choice. Only EXPERIENCED G e n e r a l s specify any g a m e (except na-1) you needapply--All "green" Generals: Stop want t o play. X i reading now! Others: Apply t o j Opponent f o r T a c t i c s 11. Write: Richard Rockholz, 104 E a s t Rocks Rd., Norwalk. C. Gethrke, 986 E. Ogden, Naperville, Connecticut; o r Phone 847-2176. Illinois 60540.

Two g e n e r a l s , who have never known defeat, wish t o challenge anyone in the Chicago area to a g a m e of Midway, DDay. Waterloo. o r Afrlka Korps. We will be the U. S.. Allies, F r e n c h , and B r i t i s h in that order. After the game, you will know what the w o r d h u m ~ l i a t i o n really means. Richard Ginsberg, 4718 W. Greenwood, Skokie. Ill. OR 4-3532. Sign up now f o r the G r e a t G r e e n e Sumnier Campaign, play-by-mall. Many key command positions to be filled. We want people f r o m Washington, O r e gon, California. Hawaii, and Alaska especially, but A L L m a y write. You will not g e t a reply to your l e t t e r immediately. probably s e v e r a l weeks. Send to: 670 D a r r e i l Rd., Hillsborough Calif. 94010, signed J a c k Greene, J r . DO you ever get that d e p r e s s i n g feeling that no one can beat you in Stalingrad? How would you like a nice refreshing g a m e in which you get s l a u g h t e r e d ? Write. T . A . S . E . Club, 3490 Beechwood Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15217. P . S . We pay no doctor b i l l s ' Low Won - Lost P C T ? In Need of A Wln? Then s e n d your German opening moves f o r Afrika Korpn to: George Kaplan, 30-30 154th St.. Flushing. N.Y. 11354. Open challenge f r o m 20 y e a r w a r g a m e r v e t e r a n . Will play S t a l i ~ g r a d ,~ e t t y s burg, T a c t i c s 11. Afrika K a r p s , D-Day and Bulge. Any game, any mde. Cont a c t A. J . Whitaker, 627 W. Diamond A v e . , Hazleton. Penna. Am f o r m i n g Atlanta chapter of A. H. game club. We have Bismarck. Tact i c s 11, A f r i k a Korps, U-Boat, Getfyaburg, and Stalingrad. If interested, call 355-3743 o ; w r i t e Guy Guptan. 2405 Woodward Way, N. W.. Atlanta 5. Georgia. Am f o r m i n g a n Avalan Hill Club f o r S o u t h - E a s t e r n Pennsylvania. Have one m e m b e r so f a r m e . I own "Afrika Korpe", "D-Day", "Bismarck", "Waterloo". "Gettyab~rg'~ & "Midway". If interested. w r i t e or call: Davis L.H. Bedein (GR' 3-1029). 7320 Malvern Avenue. Philadelphia. P a . 19151. TO any s e l f - s a c r i f i c i n g s a c r i f e , or sacrife.. who feel i t will b e t t e r the Avalon Hill Gaming club when he, o r they, m e e t d e s t r u c t i o n a t the hands of the s t a f f of 'rWorld Conquests. Inc.lt My s t a f f will play a l l c o m e r s in any existing Avalon Hill w a r g a m e plus b a s e b a l l s t r a t e g y and football s t r a t e g y and any who would like to join World Conquests. Inc. Write Dennis L a r g e s s , 1908 (Xlincy St.. N. W., Washington. D.C. P . S . We s e n t out b r a i n s , plans, and m e m b e r s to head of s t a t e but not our H-Bombs.

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THE GENERAL
trying a flanking movement, wasting even m o r e time. T h i s move (the s p r e a d ing out of the S t a t i c ) I c a l l the " P a p e r Bag1' defense. Although i t d o e s not r e a l l y s t o p the i n v a d e r s , i t ' s l i k e t r y ing t o knockyour way out of a w e t p a p e r bag --- e a s y , but time-consuming. By now you probably think that the only way I play a g a m e i s with a defensive stance. Actually, i n the c a s e of D-Day, y o u ' r e right. However, t h e r e ' s a t i m e and a place f o r e v e r y thing. A f t e r the A l l i e s have been batting t h e i r h e a d s a g a i n s t the Line f o r a month o r s o , no doubt you'll find a s t r a y 4-4-4 o r 3-3-3. T h e r e i s your chance f o r a r a i d of (1. ) sufficient s t r e n g t h t o wipe out with e a s e t h e enemy, (2. ) enough f o r c e t o r e p e l a n y possible counter-attacks, a n d (3. ) enough mobility t o get t h e r e a n d b a c k with f r o m 2 t o 4 t u r n s . Any good All i e d l e a d e r will probably l e a v e a few g u a r d s a t h i s i m p o r t a n t supply b a s e s . You can probably elude t h e m a n d knock out a few l e s s i m p o r t a n t b a s e s . Always Keep A Secondary Line of Defense T h e r e i s no s e t p a t t e r n f o r laying out the m e n a n d m a c h i n e s on the Line, such a s the 25th P a n z e r G r e n a d i e r Division in Metz. Instead, s i n c e y o u ' r e on the inside l i n e s , you can shift your f o r c e s much f a s t e r than the Allied playe r can. Make s u r e t o k e e p a s e c o n d a r y l i n e of defense! If the A l l i e s should b r e a k through, you m a y e i t h e r countera t t a c k with a good soak-off, o r i s o l a t e them. If things should r e a l l y get bad (if t h e c a r d s a r e played right I don't think they will), you c a n a l w a y s r e t r e a t t o the Rhine while holding on t o a s much of the Siegfried Line a s possible. If Allied a i r b o r n e u n i t s l a n d o v e r the Rhine, don't panic. U s e your s e c o n d a r y defense l i n e t o get r i d of them. Any Static that might b e l e f t o v e r f r o m the 01' P a p e r - B a g defense make a good way of preventing a i r b o r n e landings. A v a r i a t i o n of m y plan might b e t o fight a continuing withdrawing b a t t l e through F r a n c e . ( T h i s cannot b e done well if the invasion w a s f r o m the North Sea, P a s de C a l a i s , o r L e H a v r e . ) When you do t r y t h i s kind of battle, always r e t r e a t t o r i v e r l i n e s o r cities. And, a t all c o s t s , avoid battle i n the plains of F r a n c e . -- GOOD LUCK! I
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AvalonHill enthusiast. r e s i d i n g a t 197 J e f f e r s o n S t . , Tifflin, Ohio. If he r e j e c t s you, b e t t e r w r i t e to: Walter A. McDougall, A m h e r s t College, A m h e r s t , M a s s ; R i c h a r d A. S h a g r i n a t U. of Washington, Seattle, Wash; P e t e r F. Dickson a t box 133, B a t e s College, Lewiston, Maine; John M. G r a y , Box 321, R u t g e r s , New Brunswick, N. J e r s e y ; William Contini, Box 34, Miami of Ohio, Oxford, Ohio; Dave Geurink. 5176 Haverford, Lyndhurst, Ohio a t John C a r r o l l U. in University Heights, Ohio; Ben W. S e v i e r , J r , Weiss Coll e g e of R i c e U, Houston, T e x a s ; Brenton V e r Ploeg, 1123 Dewey, Northwestern, Evanston. Illinois; Steven P. Wyner, R i v e r Campus Station, U. of R o c h e s t e r ; William Nowack, Box 1482, Brown U . , Providence, R. I. ; R . Michael Arnovitz, Box 742, U. of P e n n , Philadelphia; J a m e s H. F o s t e r . 1073 Witte Hall. U. of Wisconsin, Madison. Wisc. ; A l b e r t Nofi, 85-17 91st A v e . , Woodhaven, New York a t F o r d h a m .

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invasion of North A f r i c a , etc. - a r e depicted in stunning close-ups. "At Belleau Wood1' by R o b e r t A s p r e y (G. P. P u t n a m ' s ) $5.95 - A v a i l a b l e June. The d r a m a t i c s t o r y of A m e r i c a ' s f i r s t r,eal b a p t i s m of f i r e in WW I. " H i m m l e r " by Roger Manvell & Heinrich F r a e n k e l (G. P. P u t n a m ' s ) $5. 95 - Available June. The f i r s t fully documented and highly readable biography of H i m m l e r , m o s t s i n i s t e r and s e c r e t i v e m e m b e r of the N a z i h i e r a r c h y . " B i s m a r c k t ' by W e r n e r R i c h t e r (G. P. P u t n a m ' s ) $6.95 - Available March. A new biography that i s going t o bring a r e a s s e s s m e n t of B i s m a r c k ' s c h a r a c t e r a n d h i s influence on European history. "USSR: A Concise History" by B a s i l Dmytryshn ( S c r i b n e r ' s ) $8.95 - Availa b l e A p r i l . A b r i e f , a c c u r a t e and chronological s u r v e y of the h i s t o r i c a l development a n d of the d o m e s t i c and f o r e i g n policies of the Soviet Union. "Design F o r Survival" by Gen. T h o m a s P o w e r (Coward-McCann) $5.00 - Available M a r c h . The r e c e n t l y r e t i r e d C o m m a n d e r in Chief of the S t r a t e gic A i r Command outlines the problems h e f e e l s we f a c e in t h e u n r e l e n t i n g d r i v e of the Soviets and R e d China f o r world domination.

Between Covers
J a m e s W. Dingeman "Hitler Moves E a s t 1941- 1943" by P a u l C a r e l l ( L i t t l e , B r o w n ) $10 - A v a i l a b l e "War i s Hell," S h e r m a n once said. "Hitler Moves E a s t s p e l l s out the h e l l i s h w a r t h a t w a s the R u s s i a n F r o n t . The a u t h o r displays m a s t e r f u l ability t o r e l a t e t h e s m a l l e s t d e t a i l of unit t a c t i c s t o the Grand S t r a t e g y of both s i d e s . He a l s o provides a wealth of d e t a i l s f o r Avalon Hill p l a y e r s . Specifically, h e gives a new t w i s t to the a g e old a r g u m e n t of how G e r m a n y l o s t the w a r . He a t t r i b u t e s G e r m a n y ' s defeat t o t h e i r f a i l u r e in not taking M u r m a n s k o r even cutting the M u r m a n s k r a i l r o a d . "Challenge F o r The Pacific" by R o b e r t Leckie (Doubleday) $5.95 Available June. A b r i l l i a n t n a r r a t i v e of the turning point of the w a r in the P a c i f i c a s the A m e r i c a n s r e c o v e r e d f r o m P e a r l H a r b o r , fought back a t Midway, and, in the bloody, c l i m a c t i c hundred-day b a t t l e of Guadalcanal, s e i z e d the offensive f r o m the Japanese. ( T h i s i s the f i r s t volumn in a new Doubleday s e r i e s of n a r r a t i v e h i s t o r i e s entitled "The C r o s s r o a d s of World History. '' " E x p e r i e n c e of War: The U. S. in W W 11" by Kenneth Davis (Doubleday) $7.95 - Available July. Coverage in depth of e v e r y a s p e c t o f A m e r i c a ' s participation - f r o m h o m e f r o n t t o the battle f r o n t in WW 11. Decisive b a t t l e s that m a r k e d turning points in the w a r - Midway, the

Chief of Staff's Reading List .

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T h i s l i s t i s i n d o r s e d by General Maxwell D. T a y l o r a s b a s i c professional r e a d i n g r e c o m m e n d e d f o r A r m y officers. Rockets, M i s s i l e s And Space T r a v e l by Willy L e y , 1957. The R e d A r m y , edited by Capt. B.H. Liddell H a r t , 1956. Economics Of National Security, by B r i g . Gen. George A. Lincoln and A s s o c i a t e s , 1954. Psychological W a r f a r e , by Lt. Col. P a u l M. A. L i n e b a r p e r , 1955. S o l d i e r s And S c h o l a r s , by J. W. Masland and L. I. Radway, 1957. Atomic Weapons And A r m i e s , by Col. F e r d i n a n d 0. Miksche, 1955. A r m s And Men, by Walter Mills, 1956. L i m i t e d W a r , by R o b e r t E . Osgood, 1957. Guided M i s s i l e s In War And P e a c e , by Maj. Nels A. P a r s o n , J r . , 1956. Government And Science, by Don K. P r i c e , 1954. Influence Of F o r c e In F o r e i g n Relations, by Capt. (USN) W. D. Puleston, 1955. A m e r i c a n S t r a t e g y In The Atomic Age, by Col. George C. Reinhardt, 1955.

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Still haven't s e l e c t e d your college y e t ? T r y t h e s e . Actualry, Heidelberg if y ~ u play College will s e l e c t y ~ u Avalon Hill g a m e s . T h e i r D i r e c t o r of Admissions. George W. D e i n z e r , i s a n