Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page1

General Information

Abstract The States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. The
distinctions were once based on qualitative differences in bulk, but recently the distinctions between
states have been based on differences in molecular interrelationships.
The distinctions of Solid, Liquid and Gas phases have changed little, while the Plasma form is now
recognized as highly ionized gas that occurs at high temperatures. The powerful intermolecular forces
created by ionic attractions and repulsions give these compositions distinct properties, sometimes
described as a fourth state of matter with an abrupt change in Properties. This abrupt change of
properties is the precursor for the Coulomb Explosion and mutual Coulomb Repulsion, hereafter
referred as Coulomb Effect (CE) caused by the molecule organizing or reorganizing, described as
disassociating or associating and capable of producing vast amounts of energy. The energy form can be
chemical or other form including those listed below in paragraph, „‟Energy Defined‟‟ and may be
transformed into an energy form needed for a particular application.
Coulomb Explosion and mutual Coulomb Repulsion a process in which a light (low mass) molecule or
atom such as, Hydrogen or Oxygen a preferred method, moving at high velocity strikes other molecules
or atoms and the electrons that bond the molecule are torn off rapidly in violent collisions with the
electrons of other molecules; as a result, the molecule is transformed into a cluster of charged atomic
constituents that then separate under the influence of their mutual Coulomb repulsion and can produce
considerable amounts of energy.
❶ Energy defined The scientific definition of energy is the ability to do work. Work is the transfer of
energy to move an object a certain distance. The rate at which work is done is called power, such as
Watts/hour.
Energy occurring in one form can be transformed from one to another, to generate energy necessary to
do a particular application. General energy forms include the following:
This Provisional Patent Application (PPA) will use the general energy forms of chemical and the
chemical energy can be transformed into any other form of energy as needed for a particular
application.
❷ States of Matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Historically, the
distinction was made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties.
Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape;
Liquid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume but adapts to the shape of its container;
Gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy whatever volume is available.
More recently, distinctions between states have been based on differences in molecular
interrelationships.
Solid is the state in which intermolecular attractions keep the molecules in fixed spatial relationships.
Liquid is the state in which intermolecular attractions keep molecules in proximity, but do not keep the
molecules in fixed relationships.
Gas is that state in which the molecules are comparatively separated and intermolecular attractions
have relatively little effect on their respective motions.
Plasma is a highly ionized gas that occurs at high temperatures. The powerful intermolecular forces
created by ionic attractions and repulsions give these compositions distinct properties, for which reason
plasma is sometimes described as a fourth state of matter.
❸ Different States of Matter that are not composed of molecules and are organized by different forces
can also be considered different states of matter. Fermionic condensate and the quark-gluon plasma are
examples.
Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page2

❹ The precursor for Coulomb Explosion and mutual Coulomb Repulsion can be an adjustable
plasma producing a few hundred eV to KeV. More energy than typical plasma, but soft & slow when
compared to the normal Coulomb Explosion a process in which a low mass molecule such as,
Hydrogen and/or Oxygen moving at high velocity strikes molecule and atoms, the electrons that bond
the molecule are torn off rapidly in violent collisions with the electrons of the other molecules and
atoms; as a result, the molecule is transformed into a cluster of charged atomic constituents that then
separate under the influence of their mutual Coulomb repulsion and rapidly expand and can produce
vast amounts of energy.
There is another cause and effect involving the Coulomb Explosion and mutual Coulomb Repulsion
and this is the Tunnel Ionization a process in which electrons in an atom/molecules pass through the
potential barrier and escape from the atom/molecule. In an intense electric field, the potential barrier of
an atom/molecule is distorted drastically. Therefore, the length of the barrier that electrons have to pass
decreases and electrons can escape from the atom/molecule easily.
As an electric field of light is an alternating electric field, the direction of the electric field reverses
after the half period of the field. Because electrons have a charge electrons escaping by tunnel
ionization come and go to the atom/molecule in every half period. In this process, some electrons
recombine with the nucleus. Because the electrons have gained a large quantity of kinetic energy by
acceleration from the electric field, surplus energy is released as light and this simple energy process
could power many other forms of energy.
❺ Processes in semiconductors, microelectronic, solar cells and others are possible because the
benefits provided by high energy particles, produced by a Coulomb Explosion followed by the
Repulsion of the high energy particles
Most metals including Al, Cu, Fe and most nonmetallic such as Silicon, diamond and other carbon
materials reacted with HOH can be processed at low substrate temperature of ~50ºC, but with atomic
element temperature of more than 3,000ºC
It has been found that a Cu vapor maser's electromagnetic field is suitable and can produce a “Coulomb
Explosion followed by a Repulsion”, caused by the enhanced ionization at the critical internuclear
distance increasing the kinetic energy of the colliding particles. This atom-ion collisions energy is a
tunable effect.
The Coulomb Explosions and Repulsions can be positioned to swept over partials of amorphous silicon
formed in the first instant by a PECVD type of process and then restructuring the silicon in flight to
substrate and upon arrival, the martial is a deified poly silicon form. This process also lends itself to
carbon films, such as SiC, TiC, poly diamond and others. We find use in solar cells and LCD, both
unlimited by size, temperature and composition of substrate,
The plasma water State producing in conjunction with a controllable Coulomb Explosions and
Repulsions process for generating energy for numerous applications and from renewable energy
sources, however renewable energy sources, ultimately require inputs from solar energy. Basic energy
requires the characterization of the properties of a material. Characterization such as, plasma etch
processing of copper (Cu), usually requires the work to be done directly on Cu.
Water can be said to have several distinct solid states. The appearance of superconductivity is
associated with a phase transition, so there are superconductive states. Likewise, liquid states and
ferromagnetic states are demarcated by phase transitions and have distinctive properties.
❻ Prime Technology as defined, is a chemical reaction, where we produce a plasma state dissociate
and associate the water molecules (H₂O), with an abrupt change in Properties. This abrupt change in
properties, announces the energy transitions due to a change of state. Energy gain or loss.
Water (H₂O) is a unique molecule, and as a state of matter may also be defined in terms of phase
transitions. A phase transition indicates a change in structure and can be recognized by an abrupt
Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page3

change in properties. This produces a large change in measurable energy. H₂O dissociates into HOH
and this is an abrupt change in properties releasing large energy gain (1800:1) and this energy can do
work. At some point by design, the HOH associates also an abrupt change in properties with a energy
loss of (1850:1) and this loss of energy can also do work. Since we reference the gain or loss of energy
to Standard Temperature Pressure (STP).
An example of changes of State of water and the energy gain/loss during these changes of State; 1-mL
H₂O (liquid)>HOH (plasma state) +e1800 +1800-mL at STP or 1800-ATM or 26,460-PSI, with volume
of 1-mL with volume of 1-mL and could run into working-tank or 18-ATM at 100-mL of volume. The
point is that the gas arrives compressed. If you use a standard air compressor, even 200-PSI is
expensive to run and requires time.
By this definition, a distinct state of matter is any set of states distinguished from any other set of states
by a phase transition, distinctions between states have been based on differences in molecular
interrelationships.
Solid is the state in which intermolecular attractions keep the molecules in fixed spatial relationships.
liquid is the state in which intermolecular attractions keep molecules in proximity, but do not keep the
molecules in fixed relationships.
Gas is that state in which the molecules are comparatively separated and intermolecular attractions
have relatively little effect on their respective motions and of course the plasma state is a special case.
Plasma as example, when H₂O has an abrupt change in properties the H₂O is no longer water but the
unassociated components of water, HOH plus an energy gain of 1800:1 atmospheres. And then at the
designated time, the HOH associates into H₂O with an abrupt change in properties plus an energy loss
of 1800:1.
However water vapor (steam) produce a gain/loss of energy, when the steam is condensed. The energy
gain/loss is as much as 100:1 atmospheres or about 1500 PSI . In terms allowing change of Phase and
change of State with large energy gain (100:1 atmospheres) and (1850:1 atmospheres) respectively.
Some groups of molecules, have an ability, similar to the H₂O molecule and they also have the ability
to change Phase and State with a high gain/loss of energy.
❼ PRELUDE TO USE OF PRIME TECHNOLOGY
Steam a State of Water (H₂0) thermal energy, powering mechanical energy. Understanding this, was the
beginning of the industrial revolution.......
Water vapor (steam) a gas State of Water (H₂O) was injected into the vacuum engine chamber, filling
the volume between the piston and the chamber top, at some pressure (i.e. 1500 PSI) and this energy is
pushes the piston down. Then water (liquid) was sprayed on the chamber top, condensing the steam
(water vapor) inside the chamber into liquid water, this change of State from water Graves & Graves
vapor to liquid water, creates a energy loss of 220 PSI and this pressure within the chamber is effetely
zero and below the piston the pressure is about atmospheric (14.7 PSI) and some would say, a vacuum,
therefore vacuum engine. The steam is again, injected into the chamber, pushing the piston down and
the power cycle continues, as does the development of the Steam Engine, even to this day.
When water disassociate into HOH is less stable than H₂O and will again associate into H₂O within
a few minutes or when giving the opportunity by random movement of electrons or by an
electromagnetic or pressure pulse, this causes a cascade of the electrons and associates HOH, into H₂O.
Various technologies require a fixed or longer time in the disassociated State for some giving
applications This is accomplished by increasing/decreasing the free electronics in the close proximity to
the reaction:
1. An anode will collect excessive amounts of electrons, to delay the association.
2. Add electrons, to shorten time to association
Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page4

3. To predict some giving endpoint measure the ions available current flow

When the HOH, under goes a Change of State, it associates into H₂O, the volume decreases by 1850:1)
this loss in temperature and pressure produces a large temperature and pressure deferential can perform
work, this is similar to the vacuum engine, where the pressure pushes the piston down and the vacuum
(pressure less than one atmosphere) pulls the piston up. This could produces work in both directions.
When H₂O to Change of State the liquid water disassociates and becomes HOH producing an energy
gain/loss of e1850:1. This is not to be confused with the Change of State of liquid water (H20) to
water-vapor (H₂O), water is still a H20 molecule from a solid to a liquid to vapor (steam) There is a
energy gain/loss when changing phases, but substantially more during a change of state.
1. Energy Gain/Loss
1. H₂O>HOH +1850:1, Volume Gain (Pressure Cycle)
2. H₂O<HOH +1850:1, Volume Loss (Vacuum Cycle)
2. If correlated to Piston Engine
1. Pressure pushes piston down
2. 2. Vacuum pulls piston up
3. If correlated to Heat Engine
1. Heat would expand
2. Cool would contract

4. If correlated to Pressure
1. Pressure would Heat
2. Vacuum would Cool
5. If correlated to Refrigeration Cycle
1. Compressing the expanded gas would heat
2. Pressure expanding into low pressure area would cool

❽ THE PRIME TECHNOLOGY CALCULATED

1. Water (H₂O) is a unique molecule, it allows changing of States i.e., from solid (ice), to liquid
(water), to vapor (steam), and possible to two Phase's within a Phase, such as ice in water.
2. Change of States of Water, such as Ice to Liquid to Water Vapor, the water, ice, liquid and vapor
would still be water (H₂O). When we examine H₂O changing State between liquid and vapor, we have
an energy gain/loss the volume would increase ~100:1 (not bad ~1500 PSI) and while far less energy is
available than with a Change of State, this was the beginning of the industrial revolution.
3. Some would say, that plasma is a forth phase of matter of H₂O. I disagree, when there is a plasma
from water, there has been a Change of State of Matter and in this case the matter is H₂O, the
H₂O>HOH disassociates, changing State of Matter of Water. The Change of State of Matter of Water,
H₂O>HOH +1850e (e is energy) and H₂O<HOH +1850e . This is the basis for most things being
disclosed in this PPA and this is a prime source of the renewable energy (continuing existing or
remaining in a changeable state for an indefinitely time). To pass back and forth from one State to
another as programmed.
Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page5

1. The Change of State of Water H₂O>HOH + e1850: >H₂O produces vast amounts of energy that can
be used or not used, without changing the function of the continuing energy process, somewhat like
sunlight, you can collect and use or not collect the energy, without change to the basic structures of the
energy process.

When the HOH, under goes a Change of State, it associates into H₂O, the volume, temperature and
pressure decreases by (e1850:1) this loss in temperature and pressure produces a large temperature and
pressure deferential and can perform work, and since we reference to STP, you can think of the energy
as negative going. This is similar to the above vacuum engine, although this produces twice the power
of the vacuum engine.

The following information will be disclosure to the USPTO as required to obtain a PPA

The same basic engine, meaning mechanical apparatus , not necessarily an internal or external
combustion engine design, is used for several different applications. The power type and output is
scaled to meet the requirement.
The following is an index of the PPA's summaries, and while these summaries do not attempt the
formalities of a patent, I have an effort to explain the technologies. There are a few cases where
different technologies are used for the same results. Both technologies will be noted and cross-
referenced. The selection would probable be personal choice.

New Technology Summary

❾ Semiconductors and Microelectronic Processes

1. Ion Assisted Etch, such as Cu Etch and most other metals, Si02 Etch and most others non-metals, Ar
+ HOH + CE Coulomb Effect (CE),is a coined by a word noting Coulomb Explosion followed by a
separation under the influence of their mutual Coulomb repulsion.

2. Ion Assisted Deposition of PolySi, Poly-Diamond, Si02, TiC,SiC and other similar materials, a
PECVD type of process modifying the initial film during the flight to the substrate with high energy
partials, the substrate may be 3M x 3M, soft glass or plastic, Ar + HOH + CE

3. Ion Assisted Implant; low Energy and high Density

4. Ion Assisted PVD of metals modifying the initial film during the flight to the substrate with high
energy partials, the substrate may be 3M x 3M, soft glass or plastic, Ar + HOH + CE

5. Ion Assisted PVD of dialectics modifying the initial film during the flight to the substrate with high
energy partials, the substrate may be 3M x 3M, soft qlass or plastic, Ar + HOH + CE

❶0 Electrical Power Generation and Control

1. Reversible PEM-FC Produces HOH, then reverses and flows H2 and 02 through different channels
to produce electric power, alternate and almost simultaneous
2. Maser Power Source, a Cu maser was being used to develop a Coulomb Effect (CE) in an energy
that would be useful, 5KW or even 500Watts, but I would say the power was 100KW, not that it was
Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page6

producing 100KW, because I don't know, but it was switching that power, The mass of Cu was 25Og
and in less than 10 seconds it was vapor
3. Ciege/Water Battery H₂0> HOH, or bigger bang H₂0> CE,the induction, back & forth using ~1000
cells, alternate and almost simultaneous. Water Battery, electric power .derived from Plasma State of
water (H₂O > HOH > H₂O) The control of the Water Cell/Battery is by increasing/decreasing the
conductive of the water, by adding free electrons into the water component of the cell. The free
electrons are added with a plasma actuation pulse and a control anode. See PPA water cell, water
battery, Ciege water cell.

Input Energy is the Electret polarized at 10KV to 20KV energy, coupled by a coil/transformer into the
number one cell of the Water Cell/Battery

 The Cells are in series coupled by induction, whether three cells or three thousand'

 Output Energy coupled into the load by a coil/transformer from the last cell of the

 Water Cell/Battery

 The number of cells in the stack-up may be almost any number 10, 100, 1000 or more

 The energy gain does not come from the Electret polarized at 10KV to 20KV energy, this is just the
triggering voltage to cause the water within the cells to conduct changing the State of Matter, in this
case the matter is water (H₂O) i.e. H₂O>HOH (High pressure and temperature gain) and then
HOH>H₂O (Low pressure (vacuum) and temperature (cool) gain)

 The change of State produces an alternating energy of considerable power

 Control of electrolysis of water by varying free electronics in the solution with a plasma, no
electrolytes, from 18-M ohm to dead short

 ❶❶ Vehicle and Stationary Power; ICE, Compressed Air, Steam Engine, Valueless Pulsejet

 This is a Ciege Engine, there are two strokes within 360-degrees but unlike other 2 or 4-cycle
engines ALL strokes are power strokes, one being Pressure and the other Vacuum. There is no Intake,
Compression or Exhaust strokes. There is no operating Intake or Exhaust Valves and the Ports are just
to charge the engine with water as needed. Some water is lost during operation

 The first power stroke we will call Pressure Stroke, during this Power Stroke, the water vapor is
subjected to an intense plasma spark, creating very high pressure in the combustion chamber, resulting
from the change of state of the water from H₂O to HOH. The power being derived from this high-
pressure state within the combustion chamber.

 The following or second power stroke we will call Vacuum Stroke, during the previous Power
Stroke, the water vapor that had been subjected to a plasma spark, creating very high-pressure in the
combustion chamber, this high-pressure is now caused to collapse with a momentary positive or
Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page7

negative going pressure pulse and/or electrical voltage pulse, the HOH gas has a change of state and re-
associates into H₂O, a liquid phase water, creating a very low pressure (hard-vacuum) casing the piston
to move-up, therefore this power stroke is a Vacuum Stoke with the power being derived from a low
pressure state.
 During each Pressure Stroke, the water vapor is subjected to a high intensity plasma discharge,
creating very high pressure in the combustion chamber; this high intensity plasma discharge is excited
by a RF Generator Providing the power to a double or single action piston of a steam engine

 Compressed Air Car and/or Compressor for portable power the tank is filled with Air + H₂O> CE;
The Coulomb Explosion then separate under the influence of their mutual Coulomb repulsion and the
air passes through a one way valve and charges the working air tank to 1800 PSI in a few seconds) The
exhaust air is returned to the working tank and again compressed and stored in the pressure tank. Can
power electrical generator or battery charger

 Valveless Pulsejet an acoustic generator and the rep rate is determined by the acoustic frequency,
tune chamber and pipes detonating and separating under the influence of their mutual Coulomb
repulsion with Coulomb Effect (CE). The output of the pulse jet turns a turbine with a mechanical
takeof
o Providing the power for a fan, blower, valveless pulsejet with mechanical power takeoff, water jet,
air jet, turbine, Tesla turbine, for a boat or hover-craft
 ❶❷ Heat and Cooling
 Engine heat/refrigeration operating on H2O > HOH home, office, car
 Cavitation & Vortex an acoustic generator, (different names, same technology) detonating the
Coulomb Explosion of HOH, then separate under the influence of their mutual Coulomb repulsion,
same technology although Cavitation is usually liquid requiring large pump to activate and Vortex
(light and portable) is usually a gas

❶❸ Industrial Cleaning & Sterilization Biohazardous Waste

 Cleaning of Industrial Components, Parts and Equipment such as Solar Panels, LCD, PC
Boards, chambers & other equipment, this method is fast and there is no cost for chemicals nor gases,
nothing to be purchased nor disposed of, no health risks, not toxic. The process uses components of
water, H₂O>HOH or H₂O>CE Coulomb Explosion and repulsion produced by Plasma and/or CE. This
method is fast and there is no cost for chemicals nor gases, nothing to be purchased nor disposed of, no
health risks, not toxic.
 Sterilization of Biohazardous Waste, including the air associated with the Biohazardous Waste.
The process is H₂O>HOH or H₂O>CE Coulomb Explosion and Repulsion. The process requires only
minutes not days.
 For a measurement of endpoint of the process and/or Bioburden (BioLoad):
 The gas, water vapor, has a change to a Plasma State of ionized HOH and then accelerated within
the reaction chamber to more than 3KeV.
 When one or more of these highly charged partials, impinge with a contaminate, the partial
temperature is more than 3,000 degrees C,
 The contaminate is vaporized and no longer exist, there is no debris nor antigen, no nothing, just
Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page8

gone.
 The ions are then collected and neutralized measuring the electron current, this produces a real time
measurement of endpoint or Bioburden
 Of course to give the measurement, a reading comparable to what is now commonly used and can
be correlated to other testing and calibrations.
 This real time measurement of endpoint or Bioburden will predict time until completion
 every 2 seconds. If there is a discrepancy between real time and predicted the system will alarm, and
of course the discrepancy will be detected in about 10 seconds Sterilization and odor BioGas and
BioMass Sterilization and convert methane H₂+solid carbon

Chem Tox, neutralizes most toxic process gases, there is no cost for chemicals nor gases, nothing to be
purchased nor disposed of, no health risks, the effluent is not toxic. The perfect cleaning solution
 Measure endpoint or bioburden realtime. Measures and compares with predicted every 2-
seconds. As the contaminants decrease the ion density increase and each ion requires an
 electron to neutralizes the beam and measuring these electrons can be correlate with a realtime
bioburden and/or endpoint. This is a technologically advanced biological measurements of the
bioburden (the contaminants) during the sterilization process, this compares the expected bioburden,
when running to a protocol with the measured
 bioburden and alarms if their expected responds do not match. This will challenge any sterilization
system, available today.

❶❹ Sterilization
1. Sterilization, most all sterilizing can be preformed with HOH as the sterilant, other gases can
work, but there is no question, that HOH is absolutely the best, for airborne, surface, home, office
theater, car, bus, train, plane, boat, hospitals, operating room, labs implements, sterilization of sensitive
electronic systems, optics and cameras, articles, water in the liquid state is sterilized by bubbling HOH
through the water supply, swimming pools, pond and with minimal treatment, that would expose the
humans nor animals nor habitats to any risk, as an example, contaminated air could be taken into the air
handler, sterilized and then neutralized in a flight (path) of less than 12-inches, so contaminated air in
and clean fresh uncontaminated air out, in about 1-second.

❶❺ Sterilize and Preserve

1. Sterilize and Preserve food and drink, there are different procedure for different food and drink, but
as an example, can without heating, inject HOH into an aluminum or steel can filled with corn or
strawberries. Activate the HOH > H₂O

❶❻Derma Care new water

1. Derma Care Components of water and in this case H₂O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) or H₂O3 (hydrogen
trioxide) sterilizes, heals and promotes wellness of the entire epidermis and is wrinkle free. mix with
the regular bath water.
Graves & Graves PPA Energy Systems 2009 Page9

❶❼Laundry
Laundry, dry-clean clothing and other article may be cleaned, sanitize, deodorized and sterilized
CleanSanitizeDrySterilized an all in one cycle with disassociate water vapor and then cool dried all
within minutes. wrinkle free.

❶❽Emergency Sterilization
1. Emergency Sterilization of anything or everything in minuets, the Operating Room, implements,
sensitive electronic systems, optics and cameras, the area, room, implants, provides real time
bioburden, there is no button too push, no knobs too set, it calibrates its self and logs all data, can be
correlated with the procedure of choice. does everything. 25 lbs total weight including the non-toxic
sterilants, just components of water (H₂O). The best thing since boiling water.