1NC Will Page 1 of 17

1NC Index (1/2)

Environmental Irresponsibility K ................................................................................................3

A. Framework....................................................................................................................................... 3
Intro ..............................................................................................................................................................................3
Framework ..................................................................................................................................................................3
(1/2) CFCs contain chlorine, bromine, and fluorine .............................................................................................3
(2/2) Chlorine, Bromine, and Fluorine deplete the Ozone without replenishing it..........................................3
B. Link ................................................................................................................................................. 4
AFF’s view of nature as something independent and autonomous (CX) only serves to relieve anxiety
while disconnecting human morality from anything that happens in nature ..................................................4
C. Impact .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Failing to consider humanity’s impact on the environment (or assuming we can’t possibly have one)
makes us all the more responsible for natural disasters & the accompanying death and destruction
(Analogy: CO2)...........................................................................................................................................................5
D. Alt.................................................................................................................................................... 6
We need environmental-self-control – consider human impacts first above convenience. ............................6

Topicality: Reform =/= Create ....................................................................................................7

A. Interp ............................................................................................................................................... 7
First, Aff’s def of reform:..........................................................................................................................................7
Second, our definition of exist: .................................................................................................................................7
Third, substitution: ....................................................................................................................................................7
B. Violation .......................................................................................................................................... 8
C. Impacts and Voters........................................................................................................................... 8
1. Jurisdiction..............................................................................................................................................................8
2. A priori issue. ..........................................................................................................................................................8
3. Prima facie burden. ...............................................................................................................................................8
4. Destroys debate.......................................................................................................................................................8
5. Sets a bad precedent. .............................................................................................................................................8

Timeline-Spec.............................................................................................................................9
A. Interp ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Specification. ...............................................................................................................................................................9
B. Violation .......................................................................................................................................... 9
He doesn't. ...................................................................................................................................................................9
C. Impacts/Voters ................................................................................................................................. 9
1. Indeterminate Solvency .........................................................................................................................................9
2. Ground Lost ............................................................................................................................................................9
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1NC Index (2/2)

Global Warming DA.................................................................................................................10

A. Link/Internal Link.......................................................................................................................... 10
Link: AFF legalizes the production of CFCs. ..................................................................................................... 10
Internal Link: CFCs contribute to global warming .......................................................................................... 10
B. Brinks ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Brink 1: in 1991, CFCs were second in overall GH effect only to CO2.......................................................... 11
Brink 2: US CFC-phase-out schedule has us at zero CFCs produced in squo .............................................. 11
C. Uniqueness (cross-apply Brinks, too) ............................................................................................. 12
Uniqueness: squo warming is not a natural oscillation of the atmosphere .................................................... 12
D. Impact............................................................................................................................................ 13
Impact: Extinction via biological destruction..................................................................................................... 13

Morality DA .............................................................................................................................14
A. Link & Internal Links..................................................................................................................... 14
AFF pulls out of MP................................................................................................................................................ 14
Internal Link 1: “natural law”.............................................................................................................................. 14
Internal Link 2: Western morality is inherently consistent with “natural law”........................................... 14
B. Brink (UQ)..................................................................................................................................... 15
Brink & Uniqueness: Eastern culture relies on the self for morality ............................................................. 15
C. Impact/Voter .................................................................................................................................. 16
International Law is key to permeation of “natural law”. Western morality influences such law but is
inhibited by the Affirmative plan. ........................................................................................................................ 16
Voter:......................................................................................................................................................................... 16

On-Case....................................................................................................................................17
A. Harm 2........................................................................................................................................... 17
People aren’t dying from the CFC- to HFA-inhaler switch ............................................................................. 17
B. Harm 3. .......................................................................................................................................... 17
C. Purpose of Contention .................................................................................................................... 17
1NC Will Page 3 of 17

Environmental Irresponsibility K
A. Framework

Intro
What a kritik is is a challenge of the philosophy or language of the opposing team. There are four steps
to a kritik – framework, links, impacts, and alternative.

Framework
The first step, framework, is how to evaluate the kritik compared to any other argument: this is the most important
part of a kritik. For a complete framework, a kritik examines the real-world and the made-up world: hypothetical
Congress policies and economic reactions are just that – hypothetical; they don’t actually impact the real world.
We label this the made-up world. However, actions in this round, the words we use, and our mindsets or the
philosophies that we knowingly or unknowingly advocate do have an impact in the real world. A kritik is
therefore weighed a priori – or above all else. Before you even consider the harms and advantage of the AFF case,
you should first look to the kritik – our mindsets motive the policies we advocate, which is why our mindsets
should be the most important thing in the round. (I’ll be running the kritik dispo on CFCs hurting the ozone and
contributing to GW – what this means is that I reserve the right to drop the kritik if AFF proves that CFCs don’t
hurt the ozone “AT ALL” and if he proves CFCs don’t contribute to GW. Therefore, I need to prove that they do
hurt the ozone [below]).

(1/2) CFCs contain chlorine, bromine, and fluorine

JRank, “Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Cfcs And Ozone Destruction”, The Science Encyclopedia,
http://science.jrank.org/pages/1441/Chlorofluorocarbons-CFCs-CFCs-ozone-destruction.html
CFCs are halogens, a group of synthetic compounds containing atoms of the elements fluorine, chlorine,
bromine and iodine.

(2/2) Chlorine, Bromine, and Fluorine deplete the Ozone without replenishing it
Same source
Ozone is naturally present in relatively large concentrations in the stratosphere. Stratospheric O3 concentrations typically
average 0.2–0.3 ppm, compared with less than 0.02–0.03 ppm in the troposphere. (Ozone, ironically, is toxic to humans, and
tropospheric O3 is a component of the photochemical smog that pollutes the air in urban areas.) Stratospheric O3 is
naturally formed and destroyed during a sequence of photochemical reactions called the Chapman
reactions. Ultraviolet radiation decomposes O2 molecules into single oxygen atoms, which then
combine with O2 to form O3. Ultraviolet light then breaks the O3 molecules back into O2 and oxygen
atoms by photodissociation. Rates of natural ozone creation and destruction were essentially equal, and
the concentration of stratospheric ozone was nearly constant, prior to introduction of ozone-depleting
compounds by human activity. Unlike the Chapman reactions, reactions with trace chemicals like ions
or simple molecules of chlorine, bromine, and fluorine, results in rapid one-way depletion of ozone.
CFCs account for at least 80% of the total stratospheric ozone depletion. Other man-made chemical
compounds, including halogens containing bromide and nitrogen oxides, are responsible for most of the remaining 20%.
1NC Will Page 4 of 17

Environmental Irresponsibility K
B. Link

The second part of a kritik, the link, highlights exactly what the AFF said or the mindset AFF advocated
that eventually leads to a negative impact. In addition, the link can show how they fail to do something,
which also leads to that negative impact.

AFF’s view of nature as something independent and autonomous (CX) only serves to relieve
anxiety while disconnecting human morality from anything that happens in nature
Thomas L. Friedman [been awarded the Pulitzer Prize three times for his work with The New York
Times, where he serves as the foreign affairs columnist. He is the author of four previous books, all of
them bestsellers: From Beirut to Jerusalem (1989), The Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999), Longitudes
and Attitudes (2002), and The World is Flat (2005)], “Hot, Flat, and Crowded”, Pages 113-4,
Copyright 2008 by Thomas L. Friedman, Published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux (New York), Library
of Congress Control Number: 2008930589, ISBN-10: 0-374-16685-4, ISBN-13: 978-0-374-16685-4,
brackets in original
This change is ironic, when you consider for how long, and how intently, the great philosophers
struggled to understand nature as a sys- tem that acted according to its own laws, without human—or
divine—intervention. The ancient Greeks, notes the Israeli political theorist Yaron Ezrahi, “were always
worried that the gods were acting through nature. Natural disasters were seen as divine retribution and
thunder was interpreted as the threatening voice of Zeus.” These beliefs set in motion a philosophical
movement that aimed to prove that, on the contrary, sci- ence and nature were not wars played out by
gods against humans, but, in fact, autonomous natural phenomena.
“This is the origin of the modern Western notion that nature is a realm of necessary rules and
laws outside of human control,” said Ezrahi. “The [later] Greeks insisted on proving that nature was an
independent system so that humans would not feel a double anxiety—that natural events were not
something they caused. So they created the concept of nature as a system independent of human agency
and indifferent to hu- man agency.” The Greeks disconnected human morality or immorality from
anything that happened in nature, and one effect of this was to ba- sically relieve human anxiety and
reassure people that they did not cause the flood, the storm, or the drought by their actions.
1NC Will Page 5 of 17

Environmental Irresponsibility K
C. Impact

The third part of a kritik, the impact, is pretty much what it sounds like – a negative result or
consequence (unintended or not) that stems from the AFF’s mindset or their language.

Failing to consider humanity’s impact on the environment (or assuming we can’t possibly have
one) makes us all the more responsible for natural disasters & the accompanying death and
destruction (Analogy: CO2)
Thomas L. Friedman [been awarded the Pulitzer Prize three times for his work with The New York
Times, where he serves as the foreign affairs columnist. He is the author of four previous books, all of
them bestsellers: From Beirut to Jerusalem (1989), The Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999), Longitudes
and Attitudes (2002), and The World is Flat (2005)], “Hot, Flat, and Crowded”, Pages 112-3,
Copyright 2008 by Thomas L. Friedman, Published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux (New York), Library
of Congress Control Number: 2008930589, ISBN-10: 0-374-16685-4, ISBN-13: 978-0-374-16685-4,
parenthesis indicate where original was sub-text, italics in original
At first I didn’t understand–and then it clicked. When hurricanes and other natural disasters hit,
insurance companies and the general me- dia often call them “acts of God.” What Nate was asking was
this: Have we introduced so much CO(2) into nature’s operating system that we no longer know where
nature stops and we start in shaping today’s weather? We no longer know, he said “what is an act of
God and what is an act of man,” or, to put it another way: Did we make it hot, or did He make it hot?
Did we make those Gulf waters extra warm, revving up Katrina, or did God acting through nature make
them extra warm? That is the big philosophical question raised by Katrina, said Lewis: “Whether soon,
if not already, what we used to call acts of God will be really acts of man—or at least partially acts of
man.
And if that is the case, if we are contributing to shaping the weather, said Lewis, what do we say
going forward? How do we explain huge ty- phoons or hurricanes or unusual droughts? “Do we say:
‘We made it hot. We flooded Bangladesh. We made it rain.’ Is that what we will have to start to say?
And who is ‘we’?” America has poured more CO(2) into the at- mosphere than any country. Do we say,
“America made it hot”? But what if China continues building a new coal-fired power plant every other
week? Do we say, “China made it hot”?
Heidi Cullen, the climate expert for the Weather Channel, has a compelling way of framing this
philosophical issue. “It must be that an unseasonably warm day in the middle of winter felt like a gift,”
she once told me. “But not it feels like we’re paying for it.”
Now, when my pals call me to play golf a few days before Christmas in Washington, D.C., because it is
60 degrees and there’s not a flake of snow on the ground, I will still take advantage of it—but I no
longer think of it as something I got for free. There is an almost eerie realization now, said Cullen, that
you can’t tinker with nature’s operating system without eventually paying for it, sometime, somewhere.
“Nature is like a big, complex symphony,” said Cullen, “and the sun is like the bass drum. Its
beat drives everything—from when we had ice ages to when we had warming periods. But now the
influence of humans has penetrated so deeply into this symphony that we, us humans, are af- fecting
everyday weather. It’s like we are now playing a really loud lead electric guitar in nature’s symphony.”
1NC Will Page 6 of 17

Environmental Irresponsibility K
D. Alt

The fourth and final part of a kritik is the alternative. After identifying a harmful mindset we must
present an alternative mindset that replaces the former (that doesn’t lead to the impact).

We need environmental-self-control – consider human impacts first above convenience.

Friedman – see previous evidence (brackets in original)
Now human anxiety about nature is back—only instead of us asking “Did Zeus create that
hurricane because of something we did”,” we are asking, “Did we create that hurricane because of
something we did?” “Instead of us asking, ‘Can we control the gods and thus control the weather?’”
Ezrahi said, “we’re now asking, ‘Can we control ourselves and [thus] control the weather?’”
1NC Will Page 7 of 17

Topicality: Reform =/= Create

A. Interp

Our interp is quite simple: in order to be topical, the affirmative team must present us with a plan to
reform an environmental policy. However, we’re going to focus specifically on the word “reform” in the
resolution and showing you how the affirmative does not actually have a topical case.

First, Aff’s def of reform:

Reform: to put or change into an improved form or condition (http://m-w.com/dictionary/reform)

Second, our definition of exist:

“have objective reality or being” (Oxford American Dictionaries)

Third, substitution:
In order to have a topical case, the affirmative team must make changes in some environmental policy.
However, that environmental policy has to exist before it can be reformed – look at our definition of
exist: to have objective reality or being. This leads us to the next point:
1NC Will Page 8 of 17

Topicality: Reform =/= Create

B. Violation

They don’t reform an existing environmental policy: they’re creating one – the last mandate says so.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. Impacts and Voters

1. Jurisdiction.
The judge has the option to vote for or against the resolution. If the case does not fall within the
boundaries of the resolution, the judge does not have the jurisdiction to vote for it.

2. A priori issue.
Topicality is an issue that is evaluated before any other contention is addressed. If they aren’t topical,
you should vote negative without considering any other issue.

3. Prima facie burden.

The Affirmative team’s obligation is to present a case on its face that defends the truth of the resolution.
Regardless of whether their plan is a good or bad idea, they have failed to uphold their prima facie
burden if it does not mirror the terms of resolution.

4. Destroys debate.
If non-topical cases are allowed, the entire foundation for academic debate is destroyed. The most
important thing to consider in academic debate is the resolution. If the resolution does not matter, why
debate? If non-topical cases are the norm, people will stop debating, because what’s the point?

5. Sets a bad precedent.

Voting in favor of a blatantly non-topical case sets a precedent. It says to our league, “This practice is
okay.” As the judge, it is your job to vote against cases that set a bad precedent of non-topical cases
being okay. A negative ballot based on topicality sends a message discouraging teams from running
non-topical cases.
1NC Will Page 9 of 17

Timeline-Spec
A. Interp

Specification.
Aff has to specify a timeline in their plan.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Violation

He doesn't.
Yup.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. Impacts/Voters

1. Indeterminate Solvency
Without a timeline, we can't assume Aff's plan will pass anytime soon - all the mandates say are "USFG
will do X", but they're the gov - they have other things to do; they might put this off for years. Without
any determinate solvency, there's no reason to vote for the plan.

2. Ground Lost
Without knowing the timeline, Neg loses key ground to things like Politics Disadvantages, PICs,
Masking Disadvantages, and object fiat CPs. Vote neg on abuse (a priori).
1NC Will Page 10 of 17

Global Warming DA
A. Link/Internal Link

Link: AFF legalizes the production of CFCs.

It’s just what they’re doing.

Internal Link: CFCs contribute to global warming

S. K. Fischer P. J. Hughes P. D. Fairchild [Oak Ridge National Laboratory] & C. L. Kusik J. T.
Dieckmann E. M. McMahon N. Hobday [Arthur D. Little, Inc.], Sponsored by the Alternative
Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS) and the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE),
"Energy and Global Warming Impacts of CFC Alternative Technologies", 1. Executive Summary, 1.1
Introduction, December 1991, http://www.ciesin.org/docs/011-459/011-459.html
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been the subject of worldwide attention due to the stratospheric ozone
issue and the related landmark international agreement on control measures for ozone protection known
as the Montreal Protocol. Review provisions of this Protocol have established the phaseout deadline for
the controlled CFCs by the year 2000, except for a delay of 10 years for developing countries. Some
European community and other countries are adopting even stricter timetables with phaseout ranging
from 1995 to 1997. Research, engineering development, and manufacturing investment decisions are
underway throughout the world to achieve an orderly transition from CFCs to suitable and
environmentally acceptable chemical substitutes or alternative technologies within the timeframes cited.
In addition to their role in ozone depletion, CFCs are among the "greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere
that contribute to future global warming. Figure 1.1 illustrates the proportional contribution of various
greenhouse gases to calculated global warming.
1NC Will Page 11 of 17

Global Warming DA
B. Brinks

Brink 1: in 1991, CFCs were second in overall GH effect only to CO2

Same as previous evidence
As shown in Fig. 1.1, the contribution of CFCs to global warming in the last decade is second only to
carbon dioxide (CO2). CFCs are much more potent on a per molecule basis than CO2 and some other
greenhouse gases, even though the emissions of those gases are larger than CFC emissions by several
orders of magnitude.

Brink 2: US CFC-phase-out schedule has us at zero CFCs produced in squo

The Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS) [Leading experts from
around the world evaluated the available scientific information], “Montreal Protocol on Substances
that Deplete the Ozone Layer”, http://www.afeas.org/montreal_protocol.html
1NC Will Page 12 of 17

Global Warming DA
C. Uniqueness (cross-apply Brinks, too)

Uniqueness: squo warming is not a natural oscillation of the atmosphere

Spencer Weart [B.A. & Ph.D. in Physics and Astrophysics at the University of Colorado, Boulder;
former fellow of the Mt. Wilson and Palomar Observatories; noted historian specializing in the history
of modern physics and geophysics. Former Director of the Center for History of Physics of the
American Institute of Physics (AIP) in College Park, Maryland, USA. Director of the AIP Center for
History of Physics, an institution dedicated to preserving and making known the history of physics,
astronomy, geophysics and allied fields] “The Discovery of Global Warming (New Histories of Science,
Technology, and Medicine)”, Page 183, Publisher: Harvard University Press (September 30, 2004),
ISBN-10: 0674016378, ISBN-13: 978-0674016378
A variety of new evidence suggested that the recent warming was exceptional even if one looked back
many centuries. Old temperatures could be estimated from historical records of events like freezes and
harvests, or derived from analysis of tree rings, coral reefs, and so forth. An example of the far-flung
efforts was a series of heroic expeditions that labored high in the thin air of the Andes and Tibet to drill
into tropical ice caps. These too showed that the warming in the last few decades was above anything
seen for thousands of years before. Indeed, the ice caps themselves, which had endured since the last ice
age, were melting away faster than the scientists could measure them. A widely reprinted graph that
compiled estimated temperatures over the past ten centuries showed a sharp turn upward since the start
of the Industrial Revolution and especially in the most recent years. Apparently 1998 had been not just
the warmest year of the century, but of the millennium.
1NC Will Page 13 of 17

Global Warming DA
D. Impact

Impact: Extinction via biological destruction

John J. Berger [helped launch the environmental restoration movement in 1985 with his book Restoring the
Earth: How Americans Are Working to Renew Our Damaged Environment. He also founded and directed the nonprofit
Restoring the Earth, Inc., which worked to advance the cause of environmental restoration via public education and
environmental policy development. Dr. Berger has authored and edited eight books on energy and environmental issues and
is a long-time supporter of alternative energy solutions to global environmental problems. Former scientific consultant to the
National Research Council: he helped to design, write, and edit the Council's highly acclaimed national study, The
Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem: Science, Technology, and Public Policy (1990) that put aquatic ecosystem restoration
more prominently in the public eye and higher on the U.S. Department of the Interior's agenda. Member of the American
Association of Journalists and Authors. His magazine articles have appeared in: Audubon, Omni, The Boston Globe, The
Village Voice, The Los Angeles Times Magazine, The Christian Science Monitor, The San Francisco Examiner, The San
Francisco Chronicle, The Seattle Times, in anthologies, book club selections, foreign editions, and via news service
syndication. He has edited books for the University of California Press and for Straight Arrow Books and has been a
scientific and technical editor at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the head of an editorial group at the Far
West Laboratory for Educational Research and Development. He has also been a newspaper and press service editor and
edited Environmental Restoration: Science and Strategies for Restoring the Earth (Island Press, 1990). Former visiting
Associate Professor of Environmental Policy at the Graduate School of Public Affairs of the University
of Maryland and Adjunct Professor of Environmental Science at the University of San Francisco. He
has a Ph.D. in ecology from the University of California, Davis, a M.S. in Energy and Natural
Resources from the University of California, Berkeley, and a B.A. in political science from Stanford University.
Awards: He was chosen to participate in a summer study program at the Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory for
Genetic Research; he was the recipient of a Switzer Foundation Environmental Fellowship for graduate study, he received a
year-long fellowship for graduate study at the University of Tunis, Tunisia, and was awarded a summer writing fellowship at
the Blue Mountain Center in the Adirondacks], “Beating the Heat Why and How We Must Combat Global Warming”, Pages
10-11, Publisher: Berkeley Hills Books; 1st edition (May 15, 2000), ISBN-10: 1893163059, ISBN-13: 978-1893163058
Although unable to make exact predictions, scientists believe that our atmosphere’s carbon
dioxide levelis likely to double over the next hundred years. With that doubling, the world’s average
temperature is likely to increase 2- 6 degrees F. Then again, without corrective action, carbon dioxide
levels might even triple by the year 2100. That could raise the world’s temperature by 8 or 90F. While
that may not sound like much—after all, temperature can easily swing 300F in a day—an average world
temperature change of 90F is all that separates today’s benign climate from an Ice Age, when the place
you now live may have been buried under two miles of ice. Even if our production of airborne carbon is
significantly reduced between now and 2100, global warming will not halt on January 1, 2101. Once
disrupted, climate processes remain disturbed for hundreds of years. The oceans, for example, take
centuries to release accumulated heat, and carbon we put in the air today remains there for up to 200
years, continuing to warm the planet. As the Earth’s temperature rises, its living systems will inevitably
be disrupted. If you are not sure why we should care if a few more species go extinct, remember that
nature is an interconnected fabric. Poke enough holes in it, tear it, yank on it hard enough, and it will rip.
Once in ruins, it is very difficult and costly to mend, and the services it was unobtrusively providing are
suddenly in jeopardy or gone. These include services like purifying our air, cleaning our water,
maintaining our soil, keeping pests in check, pollinating our crops, and providing us with the
biodiversity from which medicines come. Of course, nature also offers us knowledge and insights about
ourselves as an integral part of creation. If we destroy nature, we eventually destroy ourselves.
1NC Will Page 14 of 17

Morality DA
A. Link & Internal Links

AFF pulls out of MP.

Pretty simple.

Internal Link 1: “natural law”

S: (n) law, natural law (a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or
binding upon human society)
(Princeton WordNet, 2009)

Internal Link 2: Western morality is inherently consistent with “natural law”

M.J. Cherry, “Natural Law and the Possibility of a Global Ethics (Philosophical Studies in
Contemporary Culture)”, Page 24, “4. APPARENT MORAL AGREEMENT AND REASONING
ACROSS MORAL BOUNDARIES”, Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (November 3, 2004), ISBN-10:
1402022239, ISBN-13: 978-1402022234
4.1 Apparent Agreement: Respecting Rights and Liberties
With regard to respecting individual rights and liberties, we confront the problem not only of defining
basic human goods and human fulfillment, but also of determining how such goods ought to be realized.
Consider, for example, the moral principles of equality and autonomy, central to Western accounts of
morality and bioethics. The dominant accounts of Western bioethics regard moral decision-making
within the framework of a "liberal cosmopolitan polity," to use H.T. Engelhardt's terminology, in which
citizens are understood as moral agents who compromise with each other in the realization of individual
liberty, understood in terms of the economic and institutional conditions and social structures which
sustain fair equality of opportunity and personal autonomy (Engelhardt, 2000). Traditional familial,
religious, and community oriented understandings of human flourishing are marginalized, criticized, and
called into question. Western bioethics generally judges the decision to live and make medical choices
within a traditional family structure that does not value autonomous authenticity as morally deficient.
Western bioethicists appeal, for example, to a general moral consensus that individual-oriented informed
consent is important for respecting the rights of persons: insofar as the patient is competent, he is the
best judge of his own best interests and his decision should in the end trump, as long as there are no
significant interests of others at sake.14 Governmental and institutional biomedical policy, such as
individual-oriented informed consent and ideologically directed education, is structure so as
progressively to discourage the choice to remain in a traditional religious or cultural community
(Engelhardt, 2002, 25).
1NC Will Page 15 of 17

Morality DA
B. Brink (UQ)

Brink & Uniqueness: Eastern culture relies on the self for morality
Dimitar Stankov, “The Philosophy of Person: Solidarity and Cultural Creativity: Polish Philosophical
Studies, I (Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change, Iva, Eas)” by Jozef Tischner (Editor), George
F. McLean (Editor), Jozef Zycinski (Editor), CHAPTER IX: THE MORAL CULTURE OF THE
PERSON, Publisher: Council for Research in Values & (October 1994), ISBN-10: 1565180496, ISBN-
13: 978-1565180499
Since antiquity Eastern peoples have coined the notion "culture of the heart", in the sense of a culture of
feelings. It is often forgotten that the greatness of the human spirit reveals itself not so much, and not
only, in thoughts, ideas, and knowledge, but also in feelings, attractions and passions. That is why it
comes as no surprise that Eastern culture devotes so much attention to purity of mind, feelings and
experience. The notion of culture is understood more as a culture of heart than of mind: spiritual
harmony could not be achieved only through a culture of mind and intellect; one needs the other inner
culture of heart and feelings.
1NC Will Page 16 of 17

Morality DA
C. Impact/Voter

International Law is key to permeation of “natural law”. Western morality influences such law
but is inhibited by the Affirmative plan.
The Deseret News quoting Senator Elbert D. Thomas, "International Law Seen As Key for World
Peace", Dec 4, 1947, evening edition, Vol. 348, No. 57, 98th year
WASHING, D. C.—Inter- national law which recognizes the "natural law written by God" is the only
formula that will secure and defend the fu- ture peace of the world,” Sen. Elbert D. Thomas (D-Utah)
de- clared today. Senator Thomas' views were expressed at a semester social evening of the faculty and
members of the student council of the law school of the Catho- lic University of America here in an
address entitled "World Events and America's Legal Fundamentals." Discussing basic principles and
ideals, Mr. Thomas briefly talked of the Chinese who pro- vided the reason for law and punishment
which is to promote virtue, and of Thomas Jefferson who believed that our liberties "are the gift of
God." "Those things for which we will fight," the senator said, "which we will defend, are very, very
simple principles, and they are related to our concept of democracy. "We are going to defend the right to
come and go freely, the right to buy and sell, the right to own and dispose. In short, we are going to
stand for those four great freedoms in relation to person, to mind, to soul, and to property which we in
Amer- ica classify as our civil liber- ties. "We have accepted the thesis," Senator Thomas said, "that not
only is war of universal con- cern, but also that chaos, pov- erty and starvation breed chaos, poverty and
starvation. We know that disorder and anarchy produce disorder and anarchy, that order and prosperity
beget peace, and we realize that these are of universal application. Concluding on the subject of
international relations, Senator Thomas noted a 1945 quotation by the pope who said: ". . . For it is
international law which recognizes its founda- tion in that natural law written by God in the conscience
of every man, and from it derives ultimately its binding force. The alternative is the law of the stronger;
and then the defenses of peace will collapse under the first attack launched by those for whom might
makes right."

Voter:
Voting for the plan succeeds in alienating us from the international community, which is key to the
spread of Western morality. Vote negative to continue with squo’s relevance. This disad outweighs aff
advantages – saving “thousands” of lives is negligible compared with the prospect of saving millions
more by furthering our values in Eastern culture.
1NC Will Page 17 of 17

On-Case
A. Harm 2

This harm is negligible. The impact is “dangerous health consequence.” But have people died? No.

People aren’t dying from the CFC- to HFA-inhaler switch

Neil Osterweil [a regular contributor to WebMD since 1998, an award-winning writer and co-owner of Osterweil &
Baron Communications, a medical writing, editing, and market analysis firm based in metropolitan Boston. He has written
extensively on the clinical, scientific, financial, sociological, and organizational aspects of medicine for both corporate and
not-for-profit clients, including international print media and television. He covers a wide range of medical subjects, from
basic science at the molecular level to the most advanced clinical applications, translating complex subjects into informative,
readable prose for audiences with widely varying degrees of medical and scientific knowledge. He was awarded a BA from
Brandeis University in 1978], "Inhaler Ban Leads to Confusion, Concern for Some Patients", published by Medscape
Medical News © 2009 [a part of WebMD Health Professional Network that includes theHeart.org and eMedicine.com.
Medscape offers specialists, primary care physicians, and other health professionals the Web's most robust and integrated
medical information and educational tools. Some of Medscape's key features include: Original, professional medical content,
including review articles, journal commentary, expert columns, patient education articles, book reviews, and more; More
than 850 online CME activities; The Internet's first primary-source medical journal, The Medscape Journal of Medicine;
Selected daily professional medical news in your specialty from Reuters, Medscape Medical News, and medical news journal
publishers; and More than 125 medical journals and textbooks], January 22, 2009,
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/587188
However, the majority of patients with asthma or other pulmonary conditions are cared for by general
practitioners, and in many cases, neither the patients nor their physicians may be aware of the changes,
said Nancy Sander, president of the Allergy and Asthma Network Mothers of Asthmatics. "Throughout
the period that patients have been transitioning over from CFC-based to HFA-based inhalers there have
been problems, but not necessarily the problems one might expect: people aren't gagging or dropping
dead in the streets," Ms. Sander told Medscape Medical News.

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B. Harm 3.

This harm is screwy – first, notice aff doesn’t have an advantage or solvency point that corresponds with
it. Also, notice in CX how he admitted it was an initial shock of money lost, which I’m not contesting.
This harm, by aff’s admission, is non-existent: it happened once, and it hasn’t happened again.

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C. Purpose of Contention

What I’m doing here is mitigation for DAs – because his advantages aren’t extremely significant (as in
his harms aren’t huge), the DAs become more significant in their negative impact.