Paper Reference(s)

6666/01
Edexcel GCE
Core Mathematics C4
Bronze Level B1
Time: 1 hour 0 minutes
Materials re!uired "or examination #tems included $ith !uestion
%a%ers
Mathematical Formulae (Green) Nil
Candidates may use any calculator allowed by the regulations of the Joint
Council for Qualifications. Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic
algebra manipulation, differentiation and integration, or have retrievable
mathematical formulas stored in them.
#nstructions to Candidates
Write the name of the examining body (Edexcel) your centre number candidate number
the unit title (!ore Mathematics !") the paper reference (####) your surname initials
and signature$
#n"ormation "or Candidates
% boo&let 'Mathematical Formulae and (tatistical )ables* is pro+ided$
Full mar&s may be obtained for ans,ers to %-- .uestions$
)here are / .uestions in this .uestion paper$ )he total mar& for this paper is 01$
&dvice to Candidates
2ou must ensure that your ans,ers to parts of .uestions are clearly labelled$
2ou must sho, sufficient ,or&ing to ma&e your methods clear to the Examiner$ %ns,ers
,ithout ,or&ing may gain no credit$
'u((ested (rade )oundaries "or this %a%er:
&* & B C + E
, 6- 60 .4 4- 4.
Bronze 1 )his publication may only be reproduced in accordance ,ith Edexcel -imited copyright policy$
3455/64578 Edexcel -imited$
1/
0i(ure 1
Figure 7 sho,s part of the cur+e ,ith e.uation y 9
4
1 $ 5
e
x
$ )he finite region R sho,n shaded in Figure 7 is
bounded by the cur+e the x:axis the y:axis and the line x 9 4$
(a) !opy and complete the table ,ith the +alues of y corresponding to x 9 5$; and x 9 7$#$
x 5 5$" 5$; 7$4 7$# 4
y e
5
e
5$5;
e
5$04
e
4
112
(b) <se the trape=ium rule ,ith all the +alues in the table to find an approximate +alue for the area of R
gi+ing your ans,er to " significant figures$
12
3une 4005
>ron=e 7? 7@74 4
4/
0i(ure 1
Figure 7 sho,s the finite region R bounded by the x:axis the y:axis and the cur+e ,ith e.uation y 9 8 cos

,
_

8
x
5 x
4
8
$
)he table sho,s corresponding +alues of x and y for y 9 8 cos
,
_

8
x
$
x 5
;
8
"
8
;
/
4
8
y 8 4$007#" 4$74784 5
(a) !opy and complete the table abo+e gi+ing the missing +alue of y to 1 decimal places$
112
(b) <sing the trape=ium rule ,ith all the +alues of y from the completed table find an approximation for the
area of R gi+ing your ans,er to 8 decimal places$
142
(c) <se integration to find the exact area of R$
12
3une 400-
>ron=e 7? 7@74 8
/
0i(ure 1
Figure 7 sho,s the finite region R bounded by the x:axis the y:axis the line x 9
4

and the cur+e ,ith

e.uation
y 9
7
sec
4
x
_

,
5 A x A
4

)he table sho,s corresponding +alues of x and y for y 9

7
sec
4
x
_

,
$
x 5
#

y 7 7$58140# 7$"7"47"
(a) !omplete the table abo+e gi+ing the missing +alue of y to # decimal places$
112
(b) <sing the trape=ium rule ,ith all of the +alues of y from the completed table find an approximation for
the area of R gi+ing your ans,er to " decimal places$
12
Region R is rotated through 4 radians about the x-axis$
(c) <se calculus to find the exact +olume of the solid formed$
142
3une 401
>ron=e 7? 7@74 "
4/ )he cur+e C has the e.uation ye
64x
9 4x B y
4
$
(a) Find
x
y
d
d
in terms of x and y$
1.2
)he point P on C has coordinates (5 7)$
(b) Find the e.uation of the normal to C at P gi+ing your ans,er in the form ax B by B c 9 5 ,here a b and
c are integers$
142
3une 400-
.. % cur+e is described by the e.uation
x
8
"y
4
9 74xy$
(a) Find the coordinates of the t,o points on the cur+e ,here x = 6;$
12
(b) Find the gradient of the cur+e at each of these points$
162
3anuar6 4005
>ron=e 7? 7@74 1
6/
0i(ure 4
Figure 4 sho,s a s&etch of the cur+e C ,ith parametric e.uations
x 9 " sin
,
_

+
#

t
y 9 8 cos 4t 5 t C 4$
(a) Find an expression for
x
y
d
d
in terms of t$
12
(b) Find the coordinates of all the points on C ,here
x
y
d
d
9 5$
1.2
3anuar6 4014
>ron=e 7? 7@74 #
,/ )he cur+e C has parametric e.uations
x 9 ln t y 9 t
4
D4 t E 5$
Find
(a) an e.uation of the normal to C at the point ,here t 9 8
162
(b) a cartesian e.uation of C$
12
0i(ure 1
)he finite area R sho,n in Figure 7 is bounded by C the x:axis the line x 9 ln 4 and the line x 9 ln "$ )he
area R is rotated through 8#5F about the x:axis$
(c) <se calculus to find the exact +olume of the solid generated$
162
3anuar6 4011
>ron=e 7? 7@74 0
5/ I 9
(

+
1
4
d
) 7 ( "
7
x
x
$
(a) Gi+en that y 9
) 7 ( "
7
+ x
copy and complete the table belo, ,ith +alues of y corresponding to x 9 8
and x 9 1 $ Gi+e your +alues to " decimal places$
x 4 8 " 1
y 5$4 5$70"1
142
(b) <se the trape=ium rule ,ith all of the +alues of y in the completed table to obtain an estimate of I gi+ing
your ans,er to 8 decimal places$
142
(c) <sing the substitution x 9 (u D ")
4
B 7 or other,ise and integrating find the exact +alue of I$
152
3anuar6 4011
T7T&L 078 9&9E8: ,. M&8:'
E;+
>ron=e 7? 7@74 ;
<uestion
;um)er
Scheme Mar=s
1/ (a) >7 (7)
(b) ( )
5 5$5; 5$84 5$04 7$4; 4
7
%rea 5$" G e 4 e e e e e
4
1
+ + + + +
]
>7G M7
5$4 4"$#74587#"$$$ "$/44"5#$$$ "$/44
("sf) %7 (8)
14 mar=s2
4/ (a) 7$7";51 a,rt 7$7";51 >7 (7)
(b) ( )
7 8
$$$
4 ;
A

>7
( ) ( )
$$$ 8 4 4$007#" 4$74784 7$7";51 5 + + + +
5 can be implied M7
( ) ( )
8
8 4 4$007#" 4$74784 7$7";51
7#

+ + + ft their (a) %7ft

8
71$5;454 $$$
7#

;$;;" cao %7 (")

(c)
8sin
8
8cos d
7
8
8
x
x
x
_

_
,

M7 %7

/sin
8
x
_

,

8
4
5
/sin / 5 /
8
x
A

1
_

1
,
]
cao %7 (8)
15 mar=s2
>ron=e 7? 7@74 /
x 5 5$" 5$; 7$4 7$# 4
y
5
e
5$5;
e
5$84
e
5$04
e
7$4;
e
4
e
or y 7
7$5;84/
H
7$80078
H
4$51""8
H
8$1/##"H
0$8;/5#
H
Iuestion
Number
(cheme Mar&s
/ 1a2 7$71"057 >7 cao
112
1)2 ( )
7
%rea G 7 4 7$58140# B their 7$71"057 7$"7"47"
4 #

+ + 1
]
>7G M7
#$0/"7#; 7$00;05/548$$$ 7$00;0
74

(" dp) 7$00;0 or a,rt 7$00;0 %7

12
1c2
4
4
5
sec d
4
x
V x

_ _

, ,

For
4
sec
4
x

_ _

, ,

$
Jgnore limits and dx $
!an be implied$
>7

{ }
4
5
4tan
4
x

1 _

1
, ]
tan
4
x

_
t

,
M7
4tan
4
x _

,
or
e.ui+alent
%7

4
4
%7 cao
cso
142
>5?
4/ (a)
4 4
d d
e 4 e 4 4
d d
x x
y y
y y
x x

+
%7 correct RK( M7 %7
( )
4 4 4
d d
e e 4 e
d d
x x x
y
y y
x x


>7
( )
4 4
d
e 4 4 4 e
d
x x
y
y y
x

+
M7

4
4
d 4 4 e
d e 4
x
x
y y
x y

%7 (1)
(b) %t P
5
5
d 4 4e
"
d e 4
y
x
+

M7
<sing 7 mm
7
"
m M7
( )
7
7 5
"
y x M7

" " 5 x y +
or any integer multiple %7 (")
1- mar=s2
>ron=e 7? 7@74 75
Iuestion
Number
(cheme Mar&s
./ (a)
8 4
" 74 x y xy ( e.n

)
4
4
; 174 " 74( ;)
174 " /#
x y y
y y


(ubstitutes ; x (at least once) into L
to obtain a three term .uadratic in y $
!ondone the loss of 5$
M7

4
4
" /# 174 5
4" 74; 5
y y
y y
+
+

( 7#)( ;) 5 y y

4" 10# "(74;)
4
y
t

%n attempt to sol+e the .uadratic in y

by either factorising or by the formula
or by completing the square$
dM7

7# or ;$ y y
>oth
7# and ;$ y y
or
( ) ( ) ; ; and ; 7# $
%7
>?
(b)
4
d
d d
8 ; G 74 74
d d d
y
y y
x y y x
x x x
_
+
' ;
,
Mifferentiates implicitly to include
either
d d
d d
or 74
y y
x x
ky x t $ Jgnore
d
d
$$$
y
x

M7
!orrect -K( e.uationG %7G
!orrect application of product rule (>7)

4
d 8 74
d 74 ;
y x y
x x y

' ;
+

not necessarily required.
( )
( )
d 8(#") 74(;) /#
N ; ; 8
d 74( ;) ;(;) 84
d 8(#") 74(7#) 5
N ; 7# 5$
d 74( ;) ;(7#) 84
y
x
y
x

+

(ubstitutes ; x and at least one of
their y:+alues to attempt to find any one
of
d
d
$
y
x
dM7
One gradient found$ %7
>oth gradients of :8 and 5 correctly
found$
%7 cso
>6?
- mar=s
>ron=e 7? 7@74 77
<uestion
;um)er
'cheme Mar=s
6/
"sin 8cos 4 5 4
#
x t y t t
_
+ <

,

(a)
d
"cos
d #
x
t
t
_
+

,

d
#sin 4
d
y
t
t
>7 >7
(o
d #sin 4
d
"cos
#
y t
x
t

_
+

,

>7 oe
(8)
(b)
d
5 #sin 4 5
d


' ;

y
t
x
M7 oe
N 5 "sin 4 8cos 5 8 (4 8)
#
4 " 8
N "sin 8cos 8 (4 8 8)
4 8 4
0
N "sin 4 8cos 4 8 ( 4 8)
#
8 1 "( 8)
N "sin 8cos 8 8 ( 4 8 8)
4 8 4
t x y
t x y
t x y
t x y
_


,
_


,
_


,
_


,

M7
%7 %7 %7
(1)
15 mar=s2
>ron=e 7? 7@74 74
Iuestion
Number
(cheme Mar&s
,/
1a2
d 7
d
x
t t

d
4
d
y
t
t


4
d
4
d
y
t
x

M7 %7
<sing 7 mm at 8 t

7
7;
m M7 %7
( )
7
0 ln8
7;
y x M7 %7 (#)
1)2 ln e
x
x t t >7

4
e 4
x
y M7 %7 (8)
1c2 ( )
4
4
e 4 d
x
V x

M7
( ) ( )
4
4 " 4
e 4 d e "e " d
x x x
x x +

M7

" 4
e "e
"
" 4
x x
x + M7 %7
( ) ( )
ln "
" 4
ln 4
e "e
" #" 84 "ln " " ; "ln 4
" 4
x x
x
1
+ + + 1
1 ]
]
M7
( ) 8# "ln 4 +
%7
(#)
>1.?
>ron=e 7? 7@74 78
Iuestion
Number
(cheme Mar&s
5/
1a2
8 5$7;"0 x y
a,rt >7

1 5$7##0 x y
a,rt or
7
#
>7
(4)
1)2
( )
7
5$4 5$7##0 4 5$7;"0 5$70"1
4
I + + + 1
]
>7 M7 %7ft
5$1"8 5$1"4 or 5$1"8 %7 (")
1c2
( )
d
4 "
d
x
u
u

>7

( )
( )
7 7
d 4 " d
" 7
x u u
u x

+

M7

;
4 du
u
_


,

%7
4 ;ln u u M7 %7

4 1 x u

1 # x u
>7
[ ] ( ) ( )
#
1
4 ;ln 74 ;ln# 75 ;ln1 u u
M7

1
4 ;ln
#
_
+

,
%7
(;)
>14?
>ron=e 7? 7@74 7"
Question 1
% significant maPority of candidates ,ere able to score full mar&s on this .uestion$ Jn part (a) +ery fe, candidates
failed to find either one or both of the y:coordinates re.uired$ Jn part (b) some candidates incorrectly used the formula
b a
n
h

,ith # n instead of 1 n to gi+e the ,idth of each trape=ium as
7
8
$ Many candidates ho,e+er ,ere
able to loo& at the gi+en table and deduce the +alue of h$ % fe, candidates ,rote do,n
5
e
as 5 instead of 7$ Nearly all
ans,ers ,ere gi+en to " significant figures as re.uested in the .uestion$
Question 2
Most candidates could gain the mar& in part (a) although 4$///80 ,hich arises from the incorrect angle
mode ,as seen occasionally$ )he main error seen in part (b) ,as finding the ,idth of the trape=ium
incorrectly
8
75

being commonly seen instead of

8
;

$ )his resulted from confusing the number of +alues of

the ordinate 1 ,ith the number of strips "$ Nearly all candidates ga+e the ans,er to the specified accuracy$
Jn part (c) the great maPority of candidates recognised that they needed to find
8cos d
8
x
x
_

,

and most could

integrate correctly$ Ko,e+er sin x /sin x
8sin
8
x
_

,

/sin
8
x
_

,

sin
8
x
_

,
and
8sin
8
x
_

,
,ere all seen
from time to time$ !andidates did not seem concerned if their ans,ers to part (b) and part (c) ,ere .uite
different possibly not connecting the parts of the .uestion$ Mespite these difficulties full mar&s ,ere
common and generally the ,or& on these topics ,as sound$
Question 3
)his ,as a straightfor,ard .uestion ,ith about 11Q of candidates gaining all ; mar&s ,ith an
o+er,helmingly maPority of candidates realising that they needed to use radians in this .uestion$
%lthough most candidates correctly computed 7$71"057 in part (a) a significant number ,rote 7$71"055
suggesting that truncation rather than rounding ,as applied by some at this stage$ %lso an ans,er of 7$55555"
,as occasionally seen (a conse.uence of ha+ing the calculator in degrees mode)$
Jn applying the trape=ium rule in part (b) a small minority of candidates multiplied
7
4
by
;

instead of
7
4
by
$
#

Whilst the table of +alues clearly sho,s an inter+al ,idth of

#

the application of a formula

b a
h
n

,ith
" n
instead of
8 n
sometimes caused this error$ Other errors included the occasional brac&eting
mista&e use of the x:+alue of 5 rather than the ordinate of 7 and the occasional calculation error follo,ing a
correctly ,ritten expression$
Jn part (c) the maPority of candidates ,ere able to apply +olume formula
4
d y x

although a number of
candidates used incorrect formulae such as
4
4 d y x

or
4
d y x

or e+en
d $ y x

Fe, candidates incorrectly

,rote
4
sec
4
x _ _

, ,
as either
4
sec
"
x _

,
or
4
4
sec
"
x _

,
$ % minority of candidates integrated
4
sec
4
x _

,
incorrectly to
>ron=e 7? 7@74 71
gi+e expressions such as
7
tan
4 4
x
_

,
or
tan $
4
x
_

,
)he maPority of candidates ho,e+er ,ere able to apply the
limits correctly and recognised the need to gi+e an exact final ans,er$
Question 4
Wor& on this topic has sho,n a mar&ed impro+ement and the median mar& scored by candidates on this
.uestion ,as ; out of /$ )he only errors fre.uently seen ,ere in differentiating
4
e
x
y

implicitly ,ith respect
to x$ % fe, candidates failed to read the .uestion correctly and found the e.uation of the tangent instead of
the normal or failed to gi+e their ans,er to part (b) in the form re.uested$
Question 5
)his .uestion ,as generally ,ell done ,ith many candidates scoring at least se+en or eight of the nine mar&s a+ailable$
Jn part (a) the maPority of candidates ,ere able to use algebra to gain all three mar&s a+ailable ,ith ease$ Jt ,as
disappointing ho,e+er to see a significant minority of candidates at %4 le+el ,ho ,ere unable to correctly substitute
; y into the gi+en e.uation or sol+e the resulting .uadratic to find the correct +alues for y$
Jn part (b) implicit differentiation ,as ,ell handled ,ith most candidates appreciating the need to apply the product
rule to the 74xy term although errors in sign occurred particularly ,ith those candidates ,ho had initially rearranged
the gi+en e.uation so that all terms ,ere on the -K($ % fe, candidates made errors in rearranging their correctly
differentiated e.uation to ma&e
d
d
y
x
the subPect$ %lso some candidates lost either one or t,o mar&s ,hen manipulating
their correctly substituted
d
d
y
x
expressions to find the gradients$
<uestion 6
)his .uestion ,as generally ,ell ans,ered ,ith about "5Q of the candidature gaining all ; mar&s$
Whilst a large number of fully correct solutions ,ere seen in part (a) there ,ere a significant number of
candidates ,ho struggled to differentiate sine and cosine functions ,ith expressions such as
d
"cos
d #
x
t
t

_
+

,
or
d 8
sin 4
d 4
y
t
t
being encountered fre.uently$ Most candidates ,ere able to apply the
chain rule to find an expression for
d
d
y
x
although the application of
d d
d d
y x
t t
,as occasionally seen$ % small
proportion of candidates used the compound angle formula to re,rite x as 4 8sin 4cos t t + or li&e,ise the
double angle formulae to re,rite y as either
4
8(4cos 7) t or
4 4
8(cos sin ) t t or
4
8(7 4sin ) t before going on
to find their
d
d
y
x
$
!andidates found part (b) more challenging and a +ariable range of mar&s ,as a,arded in this part$ %lthough
a fe, candidates could not proceed further from setting their
d
d
y
x
to =ero most candidates appreciated that the
numerator from their
d
d
y
x
expression needed to be e.uated to =ero so resulting in the first method mar&$ %
>ron=e 7? 7@74 7#
number of candidates ,ho sol+ed sin 4t 9 5 found only one +alue of t (usually
5 t
) and then one point
(usually
(4 8)
)$ % surprisingly large number of candidates found all four correct +alues of t but did not
realise that they needed to use these +alues in order to find four sets of coordinates for
( )$ x y
!andidates
,ho found more than one +alue for t often relied on the symmetry of the diagram to find all four points rather
than a full solution and this ,as permitted$ % surprising number of stronger candidates did not relate the
diagram to the .uestion in part (b)$ )hese candidates stopped at finding only t,o or three sets of coordinates
,hen it ,as clear from the diagram that there ,as a total of four points ,here
d
5
d
y
x
$ Fe, candidates also
set the denominator e.ual to =ero and used the resulting +alues of t to find erroneous coordinates$
<uestion ,
%lthough there ,ere many correct solutions to part (a) a surprising number of candidates made mista&es in
establishing
d
d
y
x
from their
d
d
y
t
and their
d
d
x
t
$ >oth 4 and
8
4t ,ere seen and in many cases the method used
,as not clearly sho,n and this resulted in the loss of both the method and the accuracy mar&s$ Jf
d
d
y
x
,as
correctly found the maPority ,ere able to complete this part correctly$ % significant number ho,e+er failed
to read the .uestion and ga+e the e.uation of the tangent rather than that of the normal$ Part (b) ,as ,ell done
and nearly all could eliminate the parameter$ Iuite a number of candidates thought that (e
x
)
4
,as
4
e
x
and this
often caused a maPor loss of mar&s in part (c)$
Jn part (c) the maPority of candidates &ne, the +olume formula but the attempts at integration ,ere of a +ery
+ariable .uality$ Many used the lead gi+en in part (b) but the resulting s.uaring out of the brac&ets ,as often
incorrect$ Examples of errors seen are
( )
4 4
4 "
e e
x x
and
( )
4
4 "
e 4 e "
x x
+ or
"
e "
x
$ )here ,ere also
attempts at direct integration for example
( )
( )
8
4
4
4
e 4
e 4 d
8
x
x
x

$ )hose ,ho used parameters often made

similar mista&es and sometimes the
d
d
x
t
,as omitted$ )he choice of limits also ga+e some difficultyG those
,ho integrated using the +ariable x using the t limits and +ice +ersa$ Mespite these fre.uent mista&es there
,ere many completely correct solutions$
<uestion 5
Parts (a) and (b) ,ere usually fully correct and fe, lost mar&s through failing to ,or& to the accuracy
specified in the .uestion$ )he trape=ium rule is ,ell &no,n and the only error commonly seen ,as obtaining
an incorrect ,idth of an indi+idual trape=ium$
Part (c) pro+ed more demanding$ Many got off to a bad start$ )he substitution ,as deliberately gi+en in the
form ( )
4
" 7 x u + so that the essential
( )
d
4 "
d
x
u
u

could be found easily$ Many ho,e+er rearranged the
substitution and obtained
( )
7
4
d 7
7
d 4
x
x
u


and the resulting algebraic manipulations often pro+ed beyond
candidates$ )hose ,ho did complete the substitution often failed to complete the definite integral$ %n
unexpected difficulty ,as that a number of candidates failed in the context to simplify ( ) " " u +
to u$
>ron=e 7? 7@74 70
Many did not see that
4 ; u
u

reduced to
;
4
u
and embar&ed upon complicated solutions using integration by
parts ,hich although theoretically possible ,ere rarely completed$ )he choice of limits also ga+e some
difficulties$ )he con+ention is used that a surd is ta&en as the positi+e s.uare root$ Jf this ,ere not the case the
expression gi+en at the head of the .uestion ,ould be ambiguous$ (ome ho,e+er produce limits resulting
from negati+e s.uare roots 8 and 4 as ,ell as the correct 1 and # and did not &no, ,hich to choose$ %s in
.uestion # there ,as also some confusion in choosing the limits some choosing the x limits ,hen the u limits
,ere appropriate and +ice +ersa$ Mespite these difficulties nearly 8"Q of the candidates gained full mar&s for
this .uestion$
'tatistics "or C4 9ractice 9a%er Bronze Level B1
Mean score for students achieving grade:
Qu
Max
score
Modal
score
Mean
%
ALL A* A B C D E U
4 86 3.43 3.77 3.53 3.27 2.96 2.62 1.98
! 8 78 6.24 7.53 6.69 5.57 4.33 3.17 1.95
3 8 8 81 6.44 7.83 7.51 6.98 6.13 5.01 3.68 1.94
" 9 74 6.68 8.20 7.21 6.01 4.46 2.87 1.25
# 9 83 7.50 8.55 7.84 6.81 5.98 4.85 2.86
$ 8 69 5.53 7.62 6.51 5.21 4.09 3.28 2.54 1.20
% 15 75 11.27 14.75 12.91 10.99 8.77 6.67 4.26 2.17
& 14 75 10.54 13.82 11.96 9.77 7.64 6.04 5.14 3.45
%# %% #%'$3 $$'(" #&'!! "&'!( 3&'%3 !('3 $'&)
>ron=e 7? 7@74 7;