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GAUSS’S LAW
Y
1. Given : E = 3/5 E0 î + 4/5 E0 ĵ × × × × × ĵ
× × × × ×
3
E0 = 2.0 × 10 N/C The plane is parallel to yz-plane. × × × × ×
× × × × ×
X
Hence only 3/5 E0 î passes perpendicular to the plane whereas 4/5 E0 ĵ goes × × × ×
× × × î
2
parallel. Area = 0.2m (given) Z
3 2 2 2 k̂
Flux = E A = 3/5 × 2 × 10 × 0.2 = 2.4 × 10 Nm /c = 240 Nm /c
2. Given length of rod = edge of cube = ℓ
Portion of rod inside the cube = ℓ/2
Total charge = Q.
Linear charge density = = Q/ℓ of rod. ℓ/2 ℓ/2
30.1
Gauss’s Law
8. We know: For a spherical surface
q
Flux = E.ds
0
[by Gauss law] Q
q 1 q
Hence for a hemisphere = total surface area = =
0 2 2 0
–4 3
9. Given: Volume charge density = 2.0 × 10 c/m
–2
In order to find the electric field at a point 4cm = 4 × 10 m from the centre let us assume a concentric
spherical surface inside the sphere.
q
Now, E.ds 0
4 cm
q 3
But = so, q = × 4/3 R
4 / 3 R 3
4 / 3 22 / 7 ( 4 10 2 )3 1
Hence =
0 4 22 / 7 ( 4 10 2 )2
–4 1 –2 5
= 2.0 × 10 1/3 × 4 × 10 12
×
= 3.0 × 10 N/C
8.85 10
–19
10. Charge present in a gold nucleus = 79 × 1.6 × 10 C
Since the surface encloses all the charges we have:
q 79 1.6 10 19
(a) E.ds
0
8.85 10 12
q 79 1.6 10 19 1 2
E= = [area = 4r ]
0 ds 8.85 10 12 4 3.14 (7 10 15 )2
21
= 2.3195131 × 10 N/C
–15
(b) For the middle part of the radius. Now here r = 7/2 × 10 m
48 22 343
10 45
3
Volume = 4/3 r =
3 7 8
Charge enclosed = × volume [ : volume charge density]
Net ch arg e 7.9 1.6 10 19 c
But = =
Net volume 4 45
343 10
3
7.9 1.6 10 19 4 343 7.9 1.6 10 19
Net charged enclosed = 10 45 =
4 45 3 8 8
343 10
3
q enclosed
Eds = 0
7.9 1.6 10 19 7.9 1.6 10 19 21
E= = = 1.159 × 10 N/C
8 0 S 12 49 30
8 8.85 10 4 10
4
Q
11. Now, Volume charge density =
4
3
r2 3 r13
3Q
=
3
4 r2 r1
3
O
r2
r1
4
Again volume of sphere having radius x = x 3
3
30.2
Gauss’s Law
Now charge enclosed by the sphere having radius
4 4 3 Q 3 r 3
= 3 r1 = Q 3 13
3 3 4 r 3 4 r 3 r r
2 1 2 1
3 3
2 q enclosed
Applying Gauss’s law – E×4 =
0
Q 3 r13 3 r13
E= 1 = Q
0 r 3 r 3 42 4 0 2 r 3 r 3
2 1 2 1
12. Given: The sphere is uncharged metallic sphere.
Due to induction the charge induced at the inner surface = –Q, and that outer surface = +Q.
ch arg e +q
(a) Hence the surface charge density at inner and outer surfaces = –q
total surface area Q
Q Q a
=– and respectively.
4a 2 4a 2
Q
(b) Again if another charge ‘q’ is added to the surface. We have inner surface charge density = – ,
4a 2
because the added charge does not affect it.
q
On the other hand the external surface charge density = Q as the ‘q’ gets added up.
4a 2
(c) For electric field let us assume an imaginary surface area inside the sphere at a distance ‘x’ from
centre. This is same in both the cases as the ‘q’ in ineffective.
Q Q 1 Q
Now, E.ds
0
So, E =
0 4x 2
=
40 x 2
13. (a) Let the three orbits be considered as three concentric spheres A, B & C. 2S
–16
Now, Charge of ‘A’ = 4 × 1.6 × 10 c 1S
–16 5.2×10–11 m
Charge of ‘B’ = 2 ×1.6 × 10 c N A B C
m
–16
Charge of ‘C’ = 2 × 1.6 × 10 c P
–15
1.3×10–11 m
10
–11
As the point ‘P’ is just inside 1s, so its distance from centre = 1.3 × 10 m
Q 4 1.6 10 19 13
Electric field = = = 3.4 × 10 N/C
40 x 2 4 3.14 8.85 10 12 (1.3 10 11 )2
(b) For a point just inside the 2 s cloud
–19 –19 –19
Total charge enclosed = 4 × 1.6 × 10 – 2 × 1.6 × 10 = 2 × 1.6 × 10
Hence, Electric filed,
2 1.6 10 19 12 12
E = 12 11 2
= 1.065 × 10 N/C ≈ 1.1 × 10 N/C
4 3.14 8.85 10 (5.2 10 )
–2
14. Drawing an electric field around the line charge we find a cylinder of radius 4 × 10 m.
Given: = linear charge density
–6
Let the length be ℓ = 2 × 10 c/m
Q
We know E.dl
2×10-6 c/m
0 0
ℓ
E × 2 r ℓ = E=
0 0 2r
–2 –6
4 cm
For, r = 2 × 10 m & = 2 × 10 c/m
2 10 6 5 5
E= 12 2
= 8.99 × 10 N/C 9 ×10 N/C
8.85 10 2 3.14 2 10
30.3
Gauss’s Law
15. Given :
–6
= 2 × 10 c/m
For the previous problem.
E= for a cylindrical electricfield.
0 2r
Now, For experienced by the electron due to the electric filed in wire = centripetal
force.
2 we know, me 9.1 10 31kg,
Eq = mv
v e ?, r assumed radius ℓ
2
1 1 mv
Eq =
2 2 r
1 –19 –17
KE = 1/2 × E × q × r = × × 1.6 × 10 = 2.88 × 10 J.
2 0 2r
16. Given: Volume charge density =
Let the height of cylinder be h.
2
Charge Q at P = × 4 × h x P
Q
For electric field E.ds
0
Q 4 2 h 2
E= = =
0 ds 0 2 h 0
Q
17. E.dA 0
10 10 2
= 2 = 2 = 2 × 3.1416 × = 0.45 sec.
(100 300 )1/ 2 20 20
–2 –6
21. s = 2cm = 2 × 10 m, u = 0, a=? t = 2s = 2 × 10 s
2
Acceleration of the electron, s= (1/2) at
–2 –6 22 2 10 2 10 2
2 × 10 = (1/2) × a × (2 × 10 ) a = 12
a = 10 m/s l
4 10
The electric field due to charge plate =
0
2 cm
q
Now, electric force = × q = acceleration =
0 0 me
q 10
Now = 10
0 me
1010 0 m e 1010 8.85 10 12 9.1 10 31
= =
q 1.6 10 19
–14 –12 2
= 50.334 × 10 = 0.50334 × 10 c/m – +
– +
– +
– +
22. Given: Surface density = – +
– +
(a) & (c) For any point to the left & right of the dual plater, the electric field is zero. – +
As there are no electric flux outside the system.
(b) For a test charge put in the middle. 10
q 60
It experiences a fore towards the (-ve) plate. Eq 60
2 0
60
m
1 q q m
Hence net electric field R
q 2 0 2 0 0 Eq
30.6