Chapter #28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Big Picture Themes 1.

. The Progressives grew out of the Populist (or Peoples) Party and sought to correct injustices. 2. Progressives and muckraker writers attacked city corruption, corporate greed, poor living and working conditions, alcohol, and womens right to vote. Each of these ills saw laws and/or Amendments passed to attempt to better the condition. 3. Teddy Roosevelt made a name for himself as a trust-buster. That is, he broke up a few high-profile companies that he said were monopolies (or trusts). Busting trusts and thus creating competition was to benefit the average person. 4. He also obtained huge tracts of land, usually out West, for parks and conservation. 5. Roosevelt picked Taft to follow him, but Taft began to stray from Roosevelts ways and the two split. Chapter# 28: Identifications Jacob Riis He was a muckraker that was from the company called New York Sun. He wrote the book, How The Other Half Lives which showed how life was in the slums during that time. He also invented a way to take pictures in the dark using a explosion. Ida Tarbell This was another muckraker how shows the public how American Cities were corrupted politically. She wrote many well-known books such as, The History of the Standard Oil Company and was labeled a top seller. Robert M. Lafollette He was a governor from Wisconsin that favored the principle of progressivism in the government. He created a Legislative Reference Bureau that gave many tips in helping to write the legislation Charles Evans Hughes He was a republican and a governor in New York that saw the corrupt deeds that the trusts did towards businesses. He tried to run for president in 1916 against Woodrow Wilson but was very close to winning. Upton Sinclair He was the author of the book called, The Jungle that showed the conditions of the factories that make meat-canned goods for the markets. Many Americans who read the book were utterly disgusted by the horrible conditions of the factory workers Initiative It was a method that gave voters the right to vote for laws directly if enough voters wanted that law to be placed on the ballot. It was first seen by South Dakota in 1898. Referendum This was a process where citizens would vote for laws instead of the government having

to vote. It came from the Populist Party, but it was later inherited by reform movements and eventually was implemented. Recall This process would allow voters to take away or fire corrupt or unskilled officials from office. Public officials would be removed from office if enough people voted for it. Muckrakers They were journalists that showed to the public how corrupt and abusive the government was and how they used their power. Elkins Act this was an act passed by Congress in response to the Railroad companies. It was specifically made against using rebate. The Interstate Commerce Commission could now change rates such as the telephones and telegraphs. Hepburn Act This was a law that was passed in 1906 that was very well in building the Interstate Commerce Commission to become a better and stronger commission. This allowed them to change rates of freight carrying. Northern Securities Case This was the first attempt made the Teddy Roosevelt that tried to take away trusts from the railroad companies that had a large monopoly. IT was then split apart by Roosevelt in 1902 and agreed upon by Supreme Court. Meat Inspection Act This act was passed in 1906 that said that the canned goods of meat would have to be checked by the federal government before being shipped out to the markets. This was another progressive movement. Pure Food and Drug Act This act was passed in 1906 that was to control the labels that were put on consumer goods and pharmacies and stopped them from adding additives making it wrong and inaccurate. Newlands Act This was a act passed in 1902 that gave irrigation systems to the dry lands of the American West. It used the money earned from the sale of public lands to help fund these projects. Dollar diplomacy This was passed in order to give U.S. investors money so that it would be used in investing the U.S. capital protecting their financial problems and companies. Payne-Aldrich Act This act was passed in 1909 that called Sereno E. Payne and Nelson W. Aldrich in order to lower some tariffs in the United States. The President at the time William Taft called the congress after his inauguration. Ballinger-Pinchot Affair This involved Ballinger who was a secretary that opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska in order to anger Teddy Roosevelt. Pinchot helped former President Roosevelt told William Taft to stop Ballinger and cause the Republicans to split.

Chapter #28: Guided Reading Questions Progressive Roots Know: Progressives, , Jacob Riis, Theodore Dreiser, Jane Addams, 1. What were the goals of the Progressives? The goals of the Progressives was that they wanted the government to handle all the large companies so that the smaller companies would have a chance to become big one day. Both Theodore Dreiser and Jacob Riis were journalists that documented all the changes that were happened during the progressive era in newspapers or magazines. Raking Muck with the Muckrakers Know: McClure's, Lincoln Steffens, Ida M. Tarbell, Thomas W. Lawson, David G. Phillips, Ray Stannard Baker, John Spargo 2. What issues were addressed by the major muckrakers? Lincoln Steffens showed the public that the relationship between the large businesses and the government were corrupt. Ida M. Tarbell showed these corrupt acts in her book the Standard Oil Company while Thomas W. Lawson showed how much money these corrupt people were making. Political Progressivism Know: Direct Primary Elections, Initiative, Referendum, Recall, Australian Ballot, Millionaires' Club, Seventeenth Amendment, Suffragists 3. Define each of the major political reforms that progressives desired. Many progressives wanted initiatives and Referendums so that voters would actually vote for the laws that seem appropriate as well as the legislation. Some voters wanted recalls so that they could directly remove an official out of office by vote. Millionaires Club was called the senate as they had been bribed by most large companies Progressivism in the Cities and States Know: Robert M. La Follette, The Wisconsin Idea, Hiram W. Johnson, Charles Evans Hughes 4. What changes did progressives make at the city and state level? Progressives like Robert M. La Follette attacked the corporations and took back the power for the people. Hiram W. Johnson was a governor that controlled many trusts and railroads in Oregon as well as California for the people. Charles Evans Hughes had gotten much popularity from identifying the deeds of the insurance companies. Progressive Women Know: Triangle Shirtwaist Company, Muller v. Oregon, Lochner v. New York, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Frances E. Willard, "Wet" and "Dry" 5. How successful were Progressives in combating social ills? The progressives were very successful in combating social ills. Muller v. Oregon case showed that there were laws that protected the rights of the women workers. The Womans Christian Temperance Union was a response in order to stop all production of alcohol, which was created by Frances E. Willard.

TR's Square Deal for Labor Know: Square Deal, Department of Commerce and Labor 6. What were the three C's of the Square Deal? The three Cs of the Square Deal proposed by Roosevelt was to control the corporations, protect the consumers from large companies, and to conserve the United States natural resources such as the lands. He also created many national parks today like Yosemite. Department of Commerce and Labor was a response to interstate commerce. TR Corrals the Corporations Know: Elkins Act, Hepburn Act, Trustbusting, Northern Securities Company 7. Assess the following statement, "Teddy Roosevelt's reputation as a trustbuster is undeserved." Teddy Roosevelt knew that the trusts the monopolies were using should be taken down instantly because it was not considered just. So many acts such as the Elkins and Hepburn Act were passed that gave railroads fines and rebates to other shippers. Hepburn did not allow railroads to be free passing. Northern Securities Company was one of the first companies he had attacked. Caring for the Consumer Know: The Jungle, Meat Inspection Act 8. What was the effect of Upton Sinclair's book, The Jungle? The Jungle written by Upton Sinclair showed many people that the conditions of the canned meat factories were disgusting and vulgar. Many people now wanted their meat that they bought at the market to be inspected by passing the Meat Inspection Act to call in federals to check the conditions of the meat. Earth Control Know: Forest Reserve Act, Gifford Pinchot, Newlands Act, Conservation, Call of the Wild, Boy Scouts, Sierra Club 9. What factors led Americans to take an active interest in conservation? Many factors including Gifford Pinchot that wanted the Congress to pass the Newlands Act that was a way to collect money from public lands in order to create irrigation systems. Conservation was now in effect where man Americans stopped wasting Americas land by making it turn into a Rich people country. Sierra Club was one group that wanted to save many of the western lands. The "Roosevelt Panic" of 1907 10. What were the results of the Roosevelt Panic of 1907? In the Panic of 1907, much over speculation occurred where Congress passed the Vreeland Act that wanted to banks to increase the amount of money being used in the economy. This however would not work which caused many banks to go bankrupt.

The Rough Rider Thunders Out Know: William Howard Taft, Eugene V. Debs 11. What was the legacy of Teddy Roosevelt's presidency?

Teddys Roosevelts legacy as president was to be remembered as a man with lots of encouragement and enthusiasm. He would let William Howard Taft be his successor so that he too would still use many of his policies during Roosevelts presidency against Eugene V. Debs. He also wanted to be remembered as the buy that started conservation. Taft: A Round Peg in a Square Hole 12. "William Howard Taft was less suited for the presidency than he appeared to be." Explain William Howard Taft was less suited for the presidency than he appeared to be because of his large size and his humorous side. When the Congress would do something, he would sit passively and not give anything to do about it. Although he went to Yale and was seen as one of Roosevelts trusted official, he would rather stay the same than change. The Dollar Goes Abroad as a Diplomat Know: Dollar Diplomacy 13. What was dollar diplomacy and how was it practiced? Dollar Diplomacy was to get all the Wall Street Bankers and gave all their extra money to the funding of foreign places in the United States. William Taft so the Chinese Economy had gotten different so he sent Philander Knox to buy some railroads and move it to America. Taft the Trustbuster Know: Rule of Reason 14. Who deserves the nickname "Trustbuster," Roosevelt or Taft? William Taft deserves the nickname "Trustbuster" because he filed cases against ninety trusts while Roosevelt only filed 44 cases although Rule of Reason created a large problem with trade. Taft wanted to split apart the U.S. steel production so Roosevelt did not like that. Taft Splits the Republican Party Know: Payne-Aldrich Tariff, Richard Ballinger, Gifford Pinchot, Joe Cannon 15. Why did the Progressive wing of the Republican Party turn against Taft? Progressive wing of the Republican Party turned against Taft because he had passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff would state that it would lower the tariff while Taft said that it would not happen at all. Joe Cannon was a speaker that wanted to stop all progressive reforms but could not. Richard Ballinger was a secretary that let out the public lands for the corporations. The Taft-Roosevelt Rupture 16. How did the Republican Party split at the party's 1912 convention? The Republican Party split at the party's 1912 convention because of the problem between Roosevelt and Lafollette. The National Progressive Republican League was created but Roosevelt wanted to keep the Republican side and move Lafollette away.