ENP 301 : ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT

Lecture - 7

Part - I: EIA Methods and Techniques

Session 5: Introduction to EIA Methods
Multi Attribute Utility Theory
Matrices Methods (Leopold Matrix, Network Methods)

September 22,
22 2009

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 1
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Phases of EIA
Phase 1: Defining the Goals

Phase 2: Identifying the Potential Impacts Steps for Identification of Impacts ?

Step 1: Base line study for
Environmental Settings
Step 2: Classification of
Impacts
Step 3: Development of
Analytical Framework
Step 4: Screening
St 5:
Step 5 Scoping
S i

Phase 3: Predicting the Significant Impacts

Phase 4: Evaluation of Impacts

Phase 5: Incorporation of Measures or Alternatives for Impact Minimizations

Phase 6: Reporting

Phase 7: Monitoring and Feedback

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 2
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
Summary of Last session Steps for Identification of Impacts ?
Step 1: Base line study for

Phase 2: Identifying the Potential Impacts Environmental Settings

Step 2: Classification of
Impacts
Step 3: Development of Analytical Framework Step 3: Development of
Analytical Framework
Step 4: Screening
Step 5: Scoping
Methodologies Selection
Type of EIA methods
Checklist
9 Simple Checklist
9 Modified Checklists
9 Comprehensive Questionnaire checklist with Health focus
9 Descriptive Checklist

EIA methodologies: Checklist ?

„ What it is?
„ Where checklist method is highly useful?
„ What are different type of checklists?
„ Where each of them is useful?
„ How to proceed?
„ What should be it’s content?
„ Can we q quantify
y using
g the checklist method?
„ How to integrate quantification with Checklist?

3
 Steps for Identification of Impacts ?
Step 1: Base line study for

Phase 2: Identifying the Potential Impacts Environmental Settings

Step 2: Classification of
Impacts
Step 3: Development of Analytical Framework Step 3: Development of
Analytical Framework
Step 4: Screening
Step 5: Scoping

Today’ss session
Today
„ Type of EIA methods
‰ Interaction Matrix Methods
„ Simple
Si l Matrix
M t i – Leopold
L ld Matrix
M ti
„ Stepped Matrices or Cross Impact Matrix
„ Other Matrices Methods
‰ Working with Matrix: Important Point

‰ Network methods
„ Network Diagram
„ Impact Tree
„ Directed Diagraph
„ Sorensen Network

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 4
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Interaction Matrix Methods
„ A method to display the Project actions/activities
along
g one axis of matrix, and the appropriate
pp p
environmental factors on other axis.

„ IInteraction
t ti points
i t in
i matrix
t i may further
f th described
d ib d iin
terms of separate or combined magnitude and
importance considerations.

„ Types
‰ Simple Matrices (Leopold)
S ( )
‰ Stepped Matrices

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 5
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Simple Matrix – Leopold Matrix
„ Leopold: Each action and its potential for creating an impact on
each environmental items should be considered and where ever
interaction expected, to be marked. (Step 1)

„ Step 2: To describe the interaction in terms of its magnitude (M)

and importance (I).

„ Step 3: Magnitude – Extensity/Scale by assigning a value 1 to 10

based on the objective evaluation of facts related to anticipated
impact

„ Step 4: Importance – Interaction related to its significance, or an

assessment of the probable consequences of anticipated impact.

‰ Assign value of Importance/significance value from 1 to 10.

„ Some subjectivity involved of the group, interdisciplinary team OR

individual.

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 6
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Simple Matrix – Leopold Matrix
Advantages of Leopold Matrix

‰ Flexibility to expand or contract (number of actions/ potential impacts)

‰ Useful as gross screening tool for impact identification purposes

‰ Valuable for communicating the impact by displaying the major actions

and impacted items.

‰ Summation of rows and column designated as having interactions

offers insight into the impact assessment

‰ Further refinement is possible

‰ Can be used to identify the beneficial and detrimental impacts

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 7
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Simple Matrix –
Leopold Matrix

Source: Canter

8
 Simple Matrix –
Leopold Matrix

Source: Canter

9
 Simple Matrix – Leopold Matrix
„ Scale and Rating in Leopold Matrix
‰ Impact Identification Scale = Magnitude + Importance

‰ Impact probability Scale

‰ Scale for Impact Reversibility of beneficial and detrimental Impact

„ Rating using the predefined codes

SB - Significant beneficial impact
SA - Significant adverse impact
B - Beneficial Impact
A - Adverse Impact
b - Small beneficial impact
a - Small adverse impact
O - No measurable Impact
M - Mitigation measures can be used to control adverse impact
NA - not applicable

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 10
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Leopold Matrix

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 11
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
Leopold Matrix

12
 Stepped Matrices or Cross Impact Matrix

„ A matrix in which Environmental Factor (EF)

displayed against other EF, EF showing
consequences of initial change in some EF
into other EF

‰ Tracing of Impact
‰ E
Env. S t
System Approach
A h
‰ Lies between Matrices and Network methods
‰ Visually complicated

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 13
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Stepped Matrices or Cross Impact Matrix

Project Action -3
Primary impact -D
Secondary Impact - A, F
Tertiary Impact - B, H, I

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 14
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Work flow diagram for Stepped Matrix

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 15
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Other Matrices Methods

„ Environmental Baseline Matrix

‰ Summarizes the evaluation
„ Scale of Importance
p
„ Scale of present condition
„ Scale of Management

„ Adaptive Environmental Assessment

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 16
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Working with Matrix: Important Point
1. Critically/ Carefully define
„ Environmental Factors
„ spatial boundaries associated with environmental factors
„ Temporal Phases associated with project
„ Impact rating
„ Summarization scales

2. Considered as tool
‰ Purpose of analysis
‰ Rational of Impact rating within boundary conditions
‰ Preliminary matrices useful in screening the EF and baseline
understanding for detailed investigations
‰ Creative rating/scale mechanism to be designed
¾ Phase based Factor/Action in light of Rating in One phase/Total all phases
¾ Factor/Action in light of Cumulative Impacts based (One phase/ All phase)
¾ Factor/Action in light of mitigation measures (without/with mitigations)
Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 17
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Working with Matrix: Important Point
3. Same Base matrix in spatial boundaries, EF<
Temporal phase in case of use for Alternative
E l ti – Better
Evaluation B tt Trade
T d off ff Analysis
A l i
4. Impact Quantification and Comparison in light of
applicable standards
5. Should be made more understandable by using
Number or Colors or Notations or letter
6. Group of project actions vs. individual action

7. Internal Working tool may not be included in final

summarization, if not required

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 18
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Network method
„ Cause – consequence tracing through identifying the interrelationships
between action and EF.
„ Illustration in Sequence Diagram
„ Linear Network display

Advantageous
‰ Identification of Impacts
‰ Organization of Discussion and communicating

Limitation
‰ Limited information beyond the impact identification
‰ Can become Visually complicated

Type
‰ Network Diagram
‰ Impact Tree
‰ Directed Diagraph
‰ Sorensen Network
Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 19
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
Network method – Network Diagram

20
 Network method
- Impact
I Tree
T

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 21
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Network method
Di
Directed
d Di
Diagraph
h

22
 Reading for next session
Chapter 4 and 5 of Canter

Thanks you
y

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 23
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9