Faculty of Applied Science

PHY 524

LAB REPORT

Lab 2
Title : Power Supply
Date of Experiment : 19th August 2009
Prepared by : Khairul Nizzam bin Dani
Matrix no : 2009821144
Group : ASB3CN (D)
TOPIC
Power Supply

OBJECTIVE
Constructing a 5 V power supply

EQUIPMENTS AND COMPONENT

9 V AC Step-Down Transformer × 1, Bridge Rectifier (EC 1B2) × 1, Capasitors (100 µf, 25 V) ×
1 and (1 µf, 12 V) × 1, IC 7805 × 1, multimeter × 1, oscilloscope × 1 and wires.

INTRODUCTION
Electronic circuit need energy to work. In most cases energy is provided by a circuit called the
power supply. A power supply failure will affect all the other circuits. The supply is a key part of
an electronic system.

Power supplies used rectifier diodes to convert alternating current to direct current. They also use
special IC for voltage regulation. The 78XX series of IC regulators operate at a fix output
voltage. The 7805 provides 5 V, the 7812 provides 12 V and 7815 provides 15 V.

INSTRUCTIONS
1) All the pins of the capacitors, bridge rectifier, and power IC was identified carefully
before setting the circuit.
2) The bridge rectifier (EC 1B2) was connected to the 9 V side of the transformer and the
power supply was switched on.
3) An oscilloscope (OSK) was connected across the + and – terminals of the bridge rectifier
and the waveform displayed on the OSK screen was observed. The waveform was
sketched.
4) Capacitor C1 was connected across the + and – terminals of the bridge rectifier and
waveform displayed on the OSK was observed. The waveform was sketched.
5) The connection of the whole circuit was completed and the waveform across C 2 was
observed.
RESULT

Time/div = 2 ms
Volts/div =5V

Figure 1 : Waveform after connected to bridge rectifier

Figure 2 : Waveform after connected to C1

 2.5

Figure 3 : Waveform after connected to C2

DISCUSSION
The 5 volt power supply is based on the commercial 7805 voltage regulator IC. This IC contains
all the circuitry needed to accept any input voltage from 8 to 18 volts and produce a steady +5
volt output, accurate to within 5% (0.25 volt). It also contains current-limiting circuitry and
thermal overload protection, so that the IC won't be damaged in case of excessive load current; it
will reduce its output voltage instead.

The 100µf capacitor serves as a "reservoir" which maintains a reasonable input voltage to the
7805 throughout the entire cycle of the ac line voltage. The two rectifier diodes keep recharging
the reservoir capacitor on alternate half-cycles of the line voltage, and the capacitor is quite
capable of sustaining any reasonable load in between charging pulses.

The 5 V power supply is based on the commercial 7805 voltage regulator IC. This simplifies the
design and layout of the circuit considerably, because all of the regulating circuitry as well as
current limiters and overload protection are built into the IC. As a result, little is needed in the
way of support circuitry.
We do still need the external capacitors. One thing that is very difficult to achieve in ICs is a
capacitor of high capacitance value. Therefore, the electrolytic capacitors must be provided to
work with the IC. The disc ceramic capacitor must also be of a higher value than is readily
obtainable within an IC, so it, too, must be provided externally.

CONCLUSION
The bridge rectifier use to convert the incoming AC from a transformer or other AC power
source to some form of pulsating DC. That is, it takes current that flows alternately in both
directions and modifies it so that the output current flows only in one direction. The bridge
rectifier gives a sine-wave when connected to the circuit of 5V power supply, but when connect
with capacitors, the waveform is straight line parallel to x-axis.

REFERENCES

1. http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm
2. F:\AC.waveformsbasicactheory.htm
3. http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4937722-description.html