1.1. Write out the meanings of the following terms system, p. 3 primary dimensions, p. 8 isolated system, p. 3 base unit, p. 8 macroscopic viewpoint, p. 4 thermal interaction, p. 15 steady state, p. 5 zeroth law of thermodynamics, p. 16 triple point, p. 20 cngincering model, p. 22 1.2. Sketch possible system boundaries for studying each of the following: (a) a bicycle tire inflating (b) a kettle of water boiling, (c) a household refrigerator in operation. (@) ajet engine in flight. (e) ahot steel billet quenching in an oil bath. (f) a residential gas furnace in operation. (g) a rocket launching ANALYS, closed system, 222s. control volume te) hot billet one inlet | & | inet wit i ae mass enters aes no other signitcant i == interactions Yet gates to (A pe stack tb) ee je g(a PHS wits heated Control volume | re air out one exit | q : i Yeas fe system interacts ~~ airin with flame q (ey warm surfaces \ interact wife contyo 1 closed system Sursumdings — “Wellme ; ig heh coil interacts Youdtiple inkehs§ exits with room air (4) Swarm romain affects contents | clechric current flows Control volume; one exit interacron betuieen outer surface of rocket and air possing by iron = weight of rocket on Support hi hot gases exiting we 3 hot gases eee ‘4 are out control volume two inlets 5 one exit interaction between outer Surface of engine and the ate pussitag hy1.3. A steel tank contains liquid nitrogen in equilibrium with nitrogen vapor. How ‘many phases are present? ANPLYSIS; system baundary steel tank three phases + Lequia, vapoq Selrd system boundary 0 phases + Lrqyeds vapor Tocaton ef the System ANSwig: Depending onthe See e two er three Phases — Ben aney, there ote Ramey) Wqued; vapor and Wgucd, vapor, solid. 1.4 Consider a system consisting of liquid water and ice undergoing a process. At the end of the process, the ice has melted and only liquid water remains, Can the system be viewed as being a pure substance during the process? Explain. ANALYSIS! See pb fer kswsrrmef Pure su bshuce. Tes stem 16 of ware substance. Altin ¢ phases change, the sylen remain Hell iw chemtest’2 Composition and is chemically omogenous. ANSWER: The system (S 4 Pure substance Determine the weight, in newtons, of an object whose mass is 10 kg at a location 1s where the acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s. ANALYSIS: Fetlowing the disevssion in Sec. I-41, the eight og wn object referer te the ae force of grawtg. Tes Femg Q = Gongy(a-8t 4) 2 aa N 1, Note the use ef Eg2 as a unit conversion factor, NSWER: Weight = 781 N1.6 An object whose mass is 7 Ib is subjected to an upward force, The only other force acting on the object is the force of gravity. The acceleration of the object is upward with a magnitude of 60 ft/s. The acceleration of gravity is g = 32.2 fs? Determine the magnitude of the upward force. in Ibf. AMALYSIS¢ zie By Newtons second law, the as coft/s™ HEE free acting on th obyet copward| fs Preportronal te the Product Of the mars and the acceleration So, wrth Eq. 61 G-mg)e me g2 32.2 Ft/se eee) ae | es o = Gwe)[(@o+822) 26] ae = 20.04 lof = le Note the use of EGLS as a unct conversven factor ANSWER. Fs 20.04 lof 4.7. An object has a mass of 7 kg. Determine (a) its weight at a location where the acceleration of isg= gravity is = 9.7 mist (b) the magnitude of the net force, in N, required to imy the objec acceleration of 6 m/s’ > 2 AWALYSIS ¢ SS (a) Following the disevervon in See 1, the Warght of an object refers to beue Fg the force of gravity. Thus io 4 ont =Gh/s* Weight > mg = Ge tPA) ftoce| = GRAN a Go) By Mewtn's send leur, the net Forte aching on the object (5 proporchinal fo the product ef the Warr and the accelevatinn $0, with Ep.ty Fret = iL Onet = Greece | = 42N I Note Fhe ase of By.nd ae a omit cameron Factor ANSWER: cay Weight > CF%9N Cb) Net fore = 42.N