LYMPH NODE

Alifah Syarafina D5-HIS

Located along lymphatic vessels are about 600 bean-shaped lymph nodes. They are scattered throughout the body, both superficially and deep, and usually occur in groups. Large groups of lymph nodes are present near the mammary glands and in the axillae and groin. Lymph nodes are 125 mm (0.041 in.) long and, like the thymus, are covered by a capsule of dense connective tissue that extends into the node The capsular extensions, called trabeculae, divide the node into compartments, provide support, and provide a route for blood vessels into the interior of a node. Internal to the capsule is a supporting network of reticular fibers and fibroblasts. The capsule, trabeculae, reticular fibers, and fibroblasts constitute the stroma (supporting connective tissue) of a lymph node. The parenchyma (functioning part) of a lymph node is divided into a superficial cortex and a deep medulla. The cortex consists of an outer cortex and an inner cortex. Within the outer cortex are egg-shaped aggregates of B cells called lymphatic nodules (follicles). A lymphatic nodule consisting chiefly of B cells is called a primary lymphatic nodule. Most lymphatic nodules in the outer cortex are secondary lymphatic nodul, which form in response to an antigenic challenge and are sites of plasma cell and memory B cell formation The center of a secondary lymphatic nodule contains a region of light-staining cells called a germinal center. In the germinal center are B cells, follicular dendritic cells (a special type of dendritic cell), and macrophages The inner cortex does not contain lymphatic nodules. It consists mainly of T cells and dendritic cells that enter a lymph node from other tissues The medulla of a lymph node contains B cells, antibody producing plasma cells that have migrated out of the cortex into the medulla, and macrophages

LYMPH NODE

Alifah Syarafina D5-HIS

Cervical lymph nodes: These lymph nodes are located in the head and neck region. Basically found deep in the neck, behind the ears and bottom of the jaw. In total, they are six in number. They draw lymph from the scalp, face, nasal cavity and pharynx. Supraclavicular lymph nodes: Situated along the collarbone or clavicle, they drain lymph from the parts of the collarbone and the upper parts of the chest. These nodes can also be considered a part of the cervical lymph nodes. Axillary lymph nodes: These nodes are present in the armpit area. They are divided into two types, namely, superficial and deep lymph nodes. They drain lymph from arm, walls of thorax and breast. Mediastinal lymph nodes: They are present in the central part of the chest, between the lungs. It drains from the middle section of chest cavity, parts of the upper abdomen and lungs. Supratrochlear lymph nodes: These nodes are present on the arms just above the elbow joint. They drain from the fingers, hand on the ulnar side of the arm and superficial areas of the forearm. Mesenteric lymph nodes: - Distributed in the lower abdomen, they lie close to the small intestine. They drain cecum, jejunum, ileum, colon and upper part of rectum. Inguinal lymph nodes: These nodes are located in the groin area. They may be superficial or deep lymph nodes. They receive lymph from the genital areas, buttock, anus, abdominal wall and legs. Femoral lymph nodes: Located in the upper thigh portion along the femoral veins. They are immediately below the inguinal lymph nodes. They drain from some of the genital parts, buttock, thigh and the medial side of the leg. Popliteal lymph nodes: These lymph nodes are present in the knee area called popliteal fossa. There are two sets of popliteal lymph nodes some are present beneath the popliteal fascia and some are found between the popliteal artery and the posterior surface of the knee joint. They drain from the knee, thigh, calf and feet.