Lesson 8.

Chapter 8: Equations and Functions

Standards:
6.0 Students graph a linear equation and compute the x-and y-intercepts (e.g., graph 2x + 6y = 4). 7.0 Students verify that a point lies on a line, given an equation of the line. Students are able to derive linear equations by using the point-slope formula. 8.0 Students understand the concepts of parallel lines and perpendicular lines and how those slopes are related. Students are able to find the equation of a line parallel/perpendicular to a given line that passes through a given point. 16.0 Students understand the concepts of a relation and a function, determine whether a given relation defines a function, and give pertinent information about given relations and functions. 17.0 Students determine the domain of independent variables and the range of dependent variables defined by a graph, a set of ordered pairs, or a symbolic expression. 18.0 Students determine whether a relation defined by a graph, a set of ordered pairs, or a symbolic expression is a function and justify the conclusion. Alg2-24.0 Students solve problems involving functional concepts, such as composition, defining the inverse function and performing arithmetic operations on functions.

Lesson 8.6: Variation

Objectives: 1.Set up and solve problems with direct, inverse, or joint variation.

Direct Variation
A relationship where as x increases, y increases or decreases at a CONSTANT RATE.

A direct variation is a function in the form y = kx where k does not equal 0. Constant of Variation

The constant of variation is k, the coefficient of x.

Direct Variation and its graph

y = mx + b, m = slope and b = y-intercept With direction variation the equation is y = kx
Note: m = k or the constant and b = 0 therefore the graph will always go through the origin.

An equation is a direct variation if:

its graph is a line that passes through zero, or the equation can be written in the form y = kx.

the ORIGIN!!!!!

Tell if the following graph is a Direct Variation or not.

No

Yes

No

No

Tell if the following graph is a Direct Variation or not.

No

Yes

Yes

No

Is an Equation a Direct Variation? If it is, find the constant of variation.

5x + 2y = 0

5 y x 2

Solve for y. 1. Subtract 5x. 2. Divide by 2.

Yes, its a direct variation. Constant of variable, k, is 5 .

2

Is an Equation a Direct Variation? If it is, find the constant of variation.

5x + 2y = 9
9 5x y 2

5 y 4.5 x 2

Solve for y. 1. Subtract 5x. 2. Divide by 2.

No, its not a direct variation. Its not in the form y = kx.

Formula for Direct Variation y = kx, where k is the constant of variation.

y1 If y1 = kx1 , then k = and x1

y2 If y2 kx2 , then k = x2

Therefore...

y1 y 2 x1 x 2

Direct variation uses the following formula: Example:

y1 y 2 x1 x 2

If y varies directly as x and y = 10 as x = 2.4, find x when y =15. Solution: If y varies directly as x and y = 10 find x when y =15. y = 10, x = 2.4 make these y1 and x1 y = 15, and x = ? make these y2 and x2

If y varies directly as x and y = 10 as x = 2.4, find x when y =15

y1 y 2 x1 x 2
We get: 10x = 36

10 15 2.4 x

10 15 2.4 x

Solve for x by diving both sides by 10.

We get x = 3.6

More Examples of Direct Variation:

X 6 7 8 Y 12 14 16
Note: X increases, 6,7,8 And Y increases. 12, 14, 16 What is the constant of variation of the table above?

y Since y = kx we can say Therefore: k x 12/6=k or k = 2 14/7=k or k = 2

16/8=k or k =2 Note k stays constant. y = 2x is the equation!

X -4 -16 -40

Y -1 -4 -10

Note: X decreases, -4, -16, -40 And Y decreases. -1,-4,-10

What is the constant of variation of the table above?

y Since y = kx we can say k Therefore: x -1/-4=k or k = -4/-16=k or k =

-10/-40=k or k = Note k stays constant.
y = x is the equation!

Using Direct Variation to find unknowns (y = kx)

Given that y varies directly with x, and y = 28 when x=7, Find x when y = 52. HOW??? 2 step process 1. Find the constant variation k = y/x or k = 28/7 = 4 k=4 2. Use y = kx. Find the unknown (x). 52= 4x or 52/4 = x x= 13

X 7 ?
Therefore:

Y 28 52

x =13 when y = 52

Using Direct Variation to find unknowns (y = kx)

Given that y varies directly with x, and y = 6 when x=-5, Find y when x = -8. 2 step process 1. Find the constant variation. k = y/x or k = 6/-5 = -1.2 k = -1.2 2. Use y = kx. Find the unknown (x). HOW???

X -5 -8
Therefore:

Y 6 ?

y= -1.2(-8)
x= 9.6

x = -8 when y = 9.6

Using Direct Variation to Solve Word Problems

Problem 1: A car uses 8 gallons of gasoline to travel 290 miles. How much gasoline will the car use to travel 400 miles? Step Two: Find the constant variation and equation: k = y/x or k = 290/8 or 36.25 y = 36.25 x Step One: Find points in table

X (gas) Y (miles) 8 290 ? 400

Step Three: Use the equation to find the unknown. 400 =36.25x 400 =36.25x 36.25 36.25 or x = 11.03 gal

Problem 2:
Julio wages vary directly as the number of hours that he works. If his wages for 5 hours are $29.75, how much will they be for 30 hours

Step One: Find points in table.

X(hours) Y(wages) 5 29.75 30 ?

Step Two: Find the constant variation.

k = y/x or k = 29.75/5 = 5.95

Step Three: Use the equation to find the unknown. y=kx y=5.95(30) or Y=178.50

Inverse Variation
A relationship, where one value goes up while the other goes down. It is not necessarily to have a constant rate.

An inverse variation is a function in the form y = k/x or k = xy where k does not equal 0.
With Direct Variation we divide our xs and ys. In Inverse Variation we will Multiply them.

x1y1 = x2y2

Formula for Inverse Variation y = k/x or k = xy, where k is the constant of variation.

If k = x1y1

and

k = x2y2

Therefore...

x1y1 = x2y2

Example:
If y varies inversely with x and y = 12 when x = 2, find y when x = 8.

Solution:

x1y1 = x2y2 2(12) = 8y 24 = 8y y=3

Applications:
The pressure P of a compressed gas is inversely proportional to its volume V according to Boyles Law. A pressure of 40 pounds per square inch is created by 600 cubic inches of a certain gas. Find the pressure when the gas is compressed to 200 cubic inches.
Step #1: Set up a proportion.

x1 x2 y2 y1

200x 24000
x 120 pounds/ in
2

40 x 200 600

Step #1: Set up a proportion.

x1 x2 y2 y1
40 x 200 600

200x 24000
x 120 pounds/ in
2

What does the graph of xy = k look like? Let k = 5 and graph.

f x = 5 x
6

-10

-5

10

-2

-4

-6

This is a graph of a hyperbola. Notice: That in the graph, as the x values increase the y values decrease. Also, as the x values decrease the y values increase.

Individual Practice/Homework Problem Set 8.6, TB pp. 525-527 Multiples of 4 (4, 8, , 52)