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Notes of the Quarter (April, May, June, 1894) Source: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain
and Ireland, (Jul., 1894), pp. 577-656 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25197220 . Accessed: 12/02/2014 14:28
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577
NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

(April, May, June, 1894.)
I.
General 10th April,

It was
Meetings 1894.?Lord
that?
of
the
Royal
Asiatic
Society.
Reay
(President) of
in the Chair.
announced
Dr.
Professor d'Oldenburg, of St. University Petersburg, of the Society. member Serge
Sanskrit
at elected
had been
the a
J. A. Baines, CS.L, The India." paper will

Journal.
Mr.
" read a paper on the Castes of in the October be published 8th May, 1894.?The Right
Anniversary Meeting, Tuesday, Hon. the Lord Reay (President)

It was announced that?
in the Chair.
Sardar Sir Atar

General G. G.
Singh, K.C.I.E.
Alexander, C.B., and
C. Taylor, Esq., M.A. of the Society. had been elected members T. etc. (Secretary), W. Professor Rhys Davids, Ph.D., the Report The
or
Arnold
read
of
the
Council to have
following
for
the
Year
1893.
?:
Council
of
regrets
the
to report
sixteen
the loss by death,
retirement,
members
There
have died?
1. Mr. H. M. Becher,
2. Mr. C. J. Connell,
j.r.a.s. 1891. 38
578
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. 3. The Rt. Hon. the Earl 4. Mr. C. Erskine, 5. Mr. S. E. Gopalacharlu, 6. Mr. F. S. Growse, 7. Mr. Haridas Sastri, 8. Dr. Schrumpf. of Derby,
There
have
resigned? 1. Mr. T. Biddulph, 2. Mr. H. Butts, 3. Mr. S. S. Hosain, 4. Sir H. Howorth, 5. Mr. R. B. Joyner, 6. Mr. J. Kelsall, 7. Mr. L. Reid,
8. Major-Gen.
Steel.
of five gentlemen in arrears with their The membership has Rule 46. under elapsed subscriptions new members On the other hand the following forty-two have been elected during the year :? 1. Mr. 2. Mr. 3. Mr. 4. The 5. Mr. 7. Mons. 8. Mr. W. J. Jones, F. E. Pargiter, B.C.S. F. Cope Whitehouse, Rev. A. W. Greenup, Taw Sein Ko, Richer, L. Finot, J. R. Innes,
6. Mr. W.
9. Mrs. J. Young Gibson, 10. Mons. L. de la Yallee Poussin, 11. Mr. A. F. D. Cunningham, I.C.S., 12. The Hon. W. H. Rattigan, 13. Mr. S. A. Strong, M.A. LOS. 14. Mr. E. J. Barton, (retired), 15. Mr. 16. Mr. 17. Mr. F. H. K. B. Hill Guillemard, B. Dutt, Borrah,
OLE.
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. B. De\ I.C.S. I.C.S. B. L. Gupta, 20. Pandit Hari Prasad Sastri, 21. Dr. Hans Stumme, 18. Mr. 19. Mr. 22. Mr. 23. Mr. 24. Mr. D. R. E. Hogarth, J. Lake,
579
I.C.S. H. Beveridge, (retired), 25. The Raja Visvanath Singh, 26. Mr. P. Beni Madho, Ras Bihari Scott, Sen, B.Sc. CLE. Ghosh, Chandra Banerji,
27. Hon. Dr. 28. Mr. Hem 29. Mr.

30. Mr.
E.
J.
J. L.
M.
Parsonson,
31. Mr. 32. Mr.
Guru P. N.
Prasa4 Boss,
C.S.I. 33. Raja Pyari Mohun Mukerji, 34. Rai Bahadur Bt Chandra Chatterji, 35. Dr. Trailokya Nath Mittar, 36. Hon. Mr, Justipe Gurudas 37. The Rev. W. Ridding,
Mr. R. 0. Dutt, I.C.S.,
Banerji,
38. Major-General
39.
Jago-Trelawney,
CLE.
40. Lieut.-Col. Plunkett, 41. Mr. H. Leitner, 42. Mr. Dastur Darab
R.E. Peshotan San j ana.
the death of one The Council regret to have to announce Members of the Society, Dr. Sprenger, of the Honorary of whose life and work an account appeared of Heidelberg, number of our Journal. in the April The Council recom mend thus occasioned should be filled vacancy of Mons. the dis James Darmesteter, up by the election at de of the Professor Persian France, College tinguished As the members af the Soci^te Asiatique. and Secretary that the is the Darmesteter aware, Mons. on is Zoroastrian and Literature, greatest living authority not for his wide knowledge only philological distinguished in that and other fields, but also for his thorough grasp of the Society will be
580 of historical of
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. criticism, and It will for his mastery of style and also be a peculiar pleasure to confer an honour upon a
power to this
scholar a very attainments deep and sympathetic with Literature. acquaintance English The result of the year as regards the of the membership is that on the total number the 1st amounted, Society to 493. 1894, January, an analysis and historical report contained the membership of the Society since its com we need now only give the total mencement, membership for the last six years, including the one under review, which is as follows :? As last sketch of 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 It will . . . . .. . * . . . . 432 442 451 459 476 493 our
exposition. to be able Society who adds to his other
be seen that the slow but steady improvement the was able to announce in its last report has been maintained for another year. With the increase in membership (and the care taken to retain no names on the list except those of really subscribing have also shown the receipts from subscriptions members) a slow but steady improvement. Thus the total receipts 2s. 0d., but this year last year from this source were ?506 Council to ?705 14s. 9d. The figures of the total they amount After income of the Society show a similar result. starting at ?1000 in 1831, and suffering many fluctuations in the our course of time (falling once, in the year 1859, to ?550), total income has now not only gradually the regained and this sum, but has risen in last year to ?1225 original 14s. lOd. to ?1351 year to side the only striking difference On the expenditure should be called is the item for expendi attention which lis. 3d. ture on the Library, which has risen from ?68
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. in 1892 and ?30 of
581
13s. 7d. in 1891 to ?190 lid. lis. in this sum ?53 19s. 9d. has been spent in 14s. 6d. binding which was very much needed, and ?123 has been required for the new catalogue of the printed is now at last completed, and is ready for books, which 1893. Out of take this opportunity Council a on the Society of work the completion congratulating so needed for many years, and they have passed urgently a special vote of thanks to the Professor Secretary, Rhys The and to the Hon. Librarian, Dr. Oliver Codrington, Davids, to whom the Society are much indebted for their services in this behalf. In other respects the work of the Society has gone steadily It is, above all, the value of the articles in the on which and usefulness Journal its reputation Society's so very trust that the and the Council largely depend; in this important part members have noticed no falling-ofE forward. of the Society's work. to the In conclusion the Council would draw attention fact that Mr. Arbuthnot has, at his own expense, brought the year 1893, two new volumes of Oriental out, during and that of Mirkhond, two volumes translations, being further
Boscawen,
issue
to members.
volumes
and
(including
one containing
one
of Assyrian
Co well's
Texts
version
by Mr.
of the
Prof.
Sri Harsha Carita) are in preparation. The Council annex the usual abstract year, and recommend the following
of accounts
officers for election five gentlemen
for the :?
1. By the Rules of the Society that is; to say : the Council, By seniority-? Prof. Prof. By least attendance? General
General Dr. Duka.
retire from
Douglas Bendall.
and
Maclagan,
Pearse,
R.E.
R.H.A., C.B., and
?3 ? d. d. s. $. d. sr s.
*1*88 * b (H. THOMSON LYON.
receipts. expenditure. X flli8o d a Examined with found the and vouchers Housekeeper, 0 60 cleaning, "[ m " attendance, 5 o '" * " etc. 1515 10 ? (arrears) ... ... 0 Salaries?Secretary 15 and Assistant Secretary .225 0 Insurance Subscriptions? ... .4 0 |
corr
\ i fH ^-fi?jJ"T~ E 11! II : Jou"?on.::: 9 ? = ::: .:" v

4 ? (arrears). 2 4 0 Library?Catalogue 14 6 .123 ^ 2 JOUrSub^riptions W 6 66 1 Postage, Messengers, 0 10 etc. .136 J ? j3 6 ."! Stationery, '" 1 ^2 2 ?' 17 ete. ? -?.
ABSTRACT OF RECEIPTS FOR EXPENDITURE AND THE YEAR 1893.
lt^t^^.rt8l ?S 5? S ::: ^TtBanye,.1,1*. 1 20310 . ....?? Z Miscellaneous 3 10 from Donation Office India 0 tbe .'.V ...210 H ik. ... 35 fcd Stock. 8 Dividends W. 2 N.S. 4 Returned Subscriptions 11 cent. 0 6 per on ... . ? J 10 31 Compounder 0 1 Binding 53 9 at 19 . .... 2 . 12 6 *> 6) 4 .... 2 V405 6 11
4'9 148*
3 (in advance) ... Sale 1 (arrears) .0 3 foals 4 18 . 0 Pamphlets. gas 3 0 of
Petty
Cash
Compounders'extra
subscription
?1 13*. Miscellaneous at
19 Petty
0 New Books Receipts passed
12 Cash Petty into
17
W90 Accoun
House?Rent 11 9 340 Balance January 1893 Bankers, 1st, ....132 at 5 0. 31 2 Repairs. ?1 3 14 178 10s.. Members Non-Resident 9 119 at . 10 9 I 0 7 Water. 3*.280 ?3 0 Members Resident 89 at y ?SS!TaX V 4 0 by 1 s? paid mistake'... .../ o ....
Folk Lore ... OrientalTranslation Fund ... .20 00 [lift d? ... Balance Petty Jan. 1st, 2 ? l0 u 0 6 10 Sale Library of j Catalogue . Society Sale of Chinese Catalogue . H01 fl ? ? LJ Numismatic 15 . 0 0j 10 Society 0 Hellenic 57 .... Aristotelian . . 15 15 0 by Society Society 6 Small Meetings. 2 ... Lost Congress. Oriental 10 .I 0 Cash, ... Advertisements . 7 15 S 1 Mathematical Exchange
....
8 8 1893 .
0 ^ 0
Miscellaneous 1 8 48 . .... ...

Rents
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. The Council recommend the election in their place of?
5g3
1. Prof. Douglas, 2. Prof. Bendall, 3. Mr. Rapson, 4. Mr. Strong, and 5. Col. Plunkett, 2. Under Rule R.E. retires that from the 16 Sir Thomas Wade and the Council recommend
Vice-Presidency, Sir Thomas of Chinese President
F. Wade, G.C.M.G., in the University of this Society, and
Professor K.CB., of Cambridge, past LL.D., Principal of past President
Sir William Muir, K.CS.I., D.C.L., of Edinburgh, of the University this Society, should be elected Vice-Presidents
of the Society.
: LL.D. Sir William Hunter, K.CS.I., My Lord, Ladies, have been asked to propose the adoption and Gentlemen,?I I feel it is a duty which would, perhaps, of this Report. have been better discharged by some more regular attendant I can only say that I am of this Society. of the meetings as often as I can be, and I always regret when I am to come. I think the Report presents one or two In the first place we find that, features. very satisfactory our Secretary speaks of modest progress, we are although here unable the number of members double that we yet electing sources our to loss from all amounted lose. Last year new members 42. I think Our numbered 21. you it a satisfactory feature consider that we will also are incorporating in ever-increasing into this Society, numbers, too, who the young Indians and the grown-up Indians, now come or to England to for study no fewer I observe that of the 42 new members reside. to others belong Several than 16 are Indian gentlemen. to from France. The China number foreign nationalities,
added last year was fully of Indians and foreign members the to 42 which of one-half total the represents equal
584 addition general that the labours widely recognised, foreign workers that this think
by our
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. to our of to find It is satisfactory Society. are being more and more the Society not only in India itself, but also among to in Asiatic And I venture research. is in great
Journal under
degree
the
due
new
to
the
interest
aroused
arrangements.
from the question I am Before of membership, passing sure you will all agree that the Council have wisely their discretion in proposing to appoint Professor exercised as an could not Darmesteter Member. They Honorary a man honour who would reflect have found greater or who has done better work for Eastern on the Society,
research.
Our income may be summarized, from the After the Mutiny the of view, as follows. its income amounted bad time. In 1859 not only has that loss By good management
historical
Society to only ?550. been retrieved, a to but we have mounted which is ?1351, up larger income had even in the days of the East India than the Society
As regards both our numbers and our resources,
point had a
Company.
the Council and members be able to hand over the a condition full of promise all this material But work
unless our seems to have is worthy it. The past year of one. the large fruitful from been a peculiarly Apart of number have been read and papers which interesting
fairly hope to the 20th Society for the future. success is as nothing
may
that
they will in Century
in the Journal, the Society appears to be striking printed out new lines of research at the interesting point where and touch of history. the scholarship philology boundary We have always been a learned Society; but last year, more than ever, the Society has been able to supply material for scientific history. the work of the Society There are two points at which At one it has come into contact with Indian History. has furnished new connecting links this year, not between the older Buddhism of India the ancient (not between religions and the ancient Brahmanism), but between what
585
I may call the mediaeval of India and modern religions That is an area of knowledge which has been Hinduism. sure that none who and I feel comparatively unexplored; or heard Dr. Waddell's who have read them, can papers, a a new has that been made, departure help feeling departure the vestiges based upon original of the research among to mediaeval the of India. North systems By bringing those mediaeval relics into comparison with the systems which went before, and with the system which has come after and which we call Hinduism, Dr. Waddell has opened up a new field of research?a for the true field rich in materials comes of to India it be Dr. when Waddell written. history indicated how mediaeval be loath I should
Buddhism into Hinduism. merged to give offence to anyone present, but I do not believe in the miraculous of aspect theosophy and it seems to me that Dr. Waddell's papers show myself, how the miraculous element came into Buddhism, and, indeed, route the it travelled. this point of view, From by which lectures have a peculiar value. Another also, Dr. WaddeLTs I line of research has been think, of our Journal. which seemed opened up. Take the last number, There is a little paper in that to me to be of great value. It is will not say the identity, but upon the life of St. Placidus in Palestine a curious That Jataka. is story a new line of enquiry. As Dr. are working with mediaeval Buddhism Christian
can see, we there
number
by Dr. Gaster upon, I the resemblance between and the Nigrodha Miga one, and Waddell, the connection ?so we are
time when,
it points to and those who between getting

as far as
him, show us and Hinduism into

a distinct
behind the
Hagiology
was
views and the religious religious It would be wrong to legends of the East and the West. on slender data, but it almost seems as if we generalize were entering on a new domain of not less interest than that which attaches to the migration of secular fables. I us of remember the and daresay many interesting scholarly on the remarks of Miss Foley con subject of the Greek the of wheel of life?the wheel of and ception existence,
connection
between
586 of
the renewed state of existence. They were extremely and illustrated the possibilities which arise out instructive, aB Dr. Gaster's article. remarkable of such contributions is our material condition good, but we Not only, therefore, have been doing good work and are opening out fresh fields of historical I cannot work. this aspect of the a Member which re case without our of Council, pass from to the progress
ferring in the publication is making of original Mr. Arbuthnot, of modern texts. It is one of the heroic undertakings see look at his If you will you prospectus scholarship. or subscription. I think it is he asks for no donation a unique position to take up, and 1 hope, as he only asks as they come out, that all who us to buy the volumes can do so will aid him in his self-imposed task. a letter now sit I have but received I would down, just me if to I had from the President any suggestion asking a more this Society view to rendering make with popular. it to I do not know that I have, or, indeed, that I wish to submit one or Yet I may venture be more popular. in the first place, a magnificent two remarks. We have, few who have not used our library are Very The rules of the library are with its resources. acquainted am glad to say that at last the I and liberal, extremely to Members. It has is ready for distribution Catalogue and a severe task, and I think that been a long work, and the ladies too who and Dr. Codrington, the Secretary deserve our hearty thanks. have given us their assistance, this of The completion will, I hope, render our Catalogue to not but more available Library, only better known, come to ascertain students who cannot here, and who wish library. for research are to be found on our shelves. what materials to me, and which that occurs is one suggestion There to to submit A number of venture I you. might perhaps over from India come for short very periods. gentlemen for it would not be worth while submit whether I would to add as temporary members to take power the Council to their Board the most eminent of the scholars who
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. thus be come over for a short if Indian be time from of India. I
587 should
gentlemen learning It is upon our Board. brought for them to go through the tardy that process of election ; but I think it is of importance our Council should be in touch with the work that is on in India. to consider It might be worth while going whether or native for example, like Dr. Waddell, over came when for a high reputation, they not receive the honour?which I regard as season, might a great honour?of of this being placed on the Council men of scholars
very happy could thus tinction not always possible
and dis
to say a word about the excellent work that is the in Asiatic I do not Bengal. by Society being seen know whether you have Sir Charles Elliott's address, as President of that Society. of It is a careful summary done Oriental Elliott time, the research during is Lieutenant-Governor and most two years. Sir Charles of Bengal, and he has found administrative task, to write a last
Society. I wish
in addition
account of what has been comprehensive done in recent Indian scholarship. a distinction Several learned Societies make between of ladies and gentlemen; the subscription that is to say, an effort is being made to interest by such Societies and incorporate ladies more largely into their field of labour. know what excellent work has been done for us in We our Journal and what useful work they have by ladies, us in our done for kindly library and in the executive work the Society under the Secretary's and control I leave it just as a suggestion whether direction. it would be possible, by more favourable terms, to induce ladies to us in larger numbers than hitherto. I do not Again, join of know whether it might it would be possible, be possible, though I have often to have some more friendly
to his great valuable
thought method of incorporating foreign scholars than the necessarily restricted system of honorary membership. I would ask the an intermediate whether President could not position be found between honour, great honorary and that of membership, ordinary which is a very membership.
588
to the work that is being done on the Con Referring like to say a word about a new Dutch tinent, I should " entitled the Netherlands' Kolonial Centraal periodical, Blad." It is an admirable little paper, and unites a certain of commercial with real research. We intelligence as a that it welcome the commercial may sign public of as as are well this them of country, Europe, interesting in the aspects of Eastern selves not merely but also trade, in the higher and more enduring relations of the East and
West.
amount
Lord, Ladies, pleasure in proposing My
and Gentlemen,? I have very much the adoption of this Report. (Cheers.) : I have been to second the asked Colonel Plunkett and if I had known I was going adoption of the Report, to speak on the subject, and if I had prepared any remarks
perhaps because
not have been much to the point, they would that can have been said I am sure that everything and I should, has been said by Sir William Hunter, out it he had taken of found have therefore, my mouth. is mentioned which There is one point that Sir William in regard to the increasing rather a novel one, namely, are numbers in which Indian gentlemen joining this Society. a seems me to of the last Oriental feature It pleasing came over see the numbers and the that to Congress with Englishmen associated me to that this increasing It country. us in literary are number of educated Indians, who joining and historic work on that very catholic basis, will not only but effect on the work of the Society, have an excellent pleasant in this way in which they seems
a very general almost social and, I might promises to have I and This is effect. very desirable, hope it say, political be remembered It will to India. not be confined will and other that we have had a few from Persia, Egypt, on to work continue I hope the Society will countries. to work not it that will catholic that very basis, attempt from ali on one line, but that there will be contributions that it and countries and languages, Oriental may lead, in and and satisfactory to a desirable assimilation, future,
589
that we may have the same experience with Egypt, Persia, and other Oriental countries, which this Society is evidently case of India. the in enjoying the Council on the excellent I have only to congratulate work they have done for the Society and the way in which affairs have been carried on during the past year. I have great pleasure in seconding the adoption of this Report. The President said: Ladies
on rising) (who was received with cheers the heard with and Gentlemen,?I have I of Sir Hunter. interest the William speech greatest are know I for shall not make many observations, you all very desirous
the interesting that of hearing paper us. to I is Mr. Rogers cannot, however, give going to be put without allow the Resolution stating how deeply not only loss which this Society has I feel the great not and Oriental but which sustained, learning, only in general, has sustained, learning by the of that remarkable death Professor Scotchman, premature I am sure you will all feel that the Smith. Robertson had a reputation which has spread loss of a man who our own a national be frontiers called may beyond widely learning, but loss. A life full to the University of promise has been cut short. The loss of Cambridge, where we have so many is a loss which this Society shares. members,
distinguished (Hear, hear.) to thank the persons who in the first place, I wish, to read been have papers at our good enough interesting to and contribute to the valuable very papers meetings of this Society. This Society is entirely dependent Journal upon very from out, dwell voluntary
and the Council and is work, appreciates for the have contributions received grateful they so many quarters, as Sir William has pointed Hunter measure. in an increasing What I should like to upon is that the Council What
of this Society have a is is noticeable the much responsibility. peculiar attached elsewhere in than this greater importance country to Oriental other countries such as France, learning?in
590 Germany, interested and
are certainly not more Austria,?which we are than in the development of Oriental in the origin and history of Oriental learning, languages* and in all that is connected with the great and ancient East. made The suggestions I need Hunter by Sir William not say will have to be considered by the Council. Most of those
are I think, valuable, suggestions, extremely our line of what he said about especially strengthening with foreign Orientalists. communications I think I am that former in in had the years right saying Society and that category of members members, corresponding concur I in what Sir William well be revived. might Hunter said, that this Society must proceed cautiously when it gets hints to make itself more popular. This Society is one for the promotion of research and learning; essentially that and we ought not to run any risk, whilst maintaining to democratic intellectual character, by yielding impulses. are not add that the Council At the same time I may of the fact that the interest which is being oblivious more taken in Indian and more widely by a subjects on the Society entails the section of the public certain see to that should forth be proper guidance responsibility and enthusiasm may not be dis coming so that wisdom
sociated.
to practical With regard steps that have been taken remind you that at one of the I would by this Society it was when Dr. Waddell read his (I believe meetings to were the we asked call attention of paper) special to the of Bengal, at Patna. I city a that Sir Charles is who mention Elliott, very may said He methodical correspondent, replied immediately. that nothing would give him greater pleasure than to further and that we might be sure of the wishes of the Society, Sir Charles excavations Lieutenant-Governor Elliott, of the remains of Asoka's his hearty co-operation. With regard to Mr. Arbuthnot's that Lord Northbrook has forget contribution towards the cost we cannot contribution us a handsome given of publishing Professor
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. Cowell's Mr. of
591
I may from book. add, that a proposal And, own a at to his translation expense publish Sturdy a work which will be extremely the Panca-dasi ? been valuable to scholars?has just accepted by the Council. I admit that I was quite unaware of the Dutch publi to which Hunter Sir William has alluded, and I cation me a me he of will oblige it, but copy by sending hope it is undoubtedly fresh evidence of the fact that the East is getting every day nearer to theWest. I also heartily agree with Sir William is a most propitious sign of the times
to number so many of our native
Hunter that we
that it are able

our
scholars
among
members, do to make accessible of study
can anything and the of offices the library Society to Indians who are staying here for the purpose or for other purposes, will give us the greatest and I our him that
can
assure
we
pleasure.
to an important event. Let me allude in conclusion You are aware that a scheme is before the public to establish on a better basis than the existing in London, one, an a The Council Oriental have School. to-day adopted it to be the duty of this that they consider .resolution to do all in its power to promote the establishment Society of such a School, and to remove the reproach from a country like ours that so little has been done hitherto as compared with this has been done in other countries. I trust that and meet will with that your approval, you will step that this should the scheme. agree heartily support Society and seconded that this resolution be It has been moved Those who are in favour of the resolution will adopted. same. please signify the was carried unanimously.] [The resolution a letter from I have received Professor Rhys Davids: Dr. Gaster, who is unfortunately unable to be present. an alteration in one of the rules (The letter, suggesting use of the library, was then read.) the regulating to say that the only op On that, my Lord, I ought a Rule, a special for unless changing portunity general what
592 meeting presume morning, its being altering
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. be convened, Dr. Gaster, has written laid before the Rule? You is at the Annual Meeting. I And as I received the letter this only this letter to me with the view of the Annual Meeting. say there is no way of the Council
The President:
the matter. Professor Rhys Davids : No, I have considered look it up before we alter Mr. Robert N. Cust: We must a Rule in a hasty way, and without notice. The Rule says: "The Anniversary Professor Rhys Davids: of the shall ordinarily be held on the Meeting Society second of of the Society on the Treasurer's the Report of the Auditors Accounts; and Officers to elect the Council for the ensuing year; on such to elect Honorary Members ; and to deliberate as may be proposed other questions relative to the affairs Tuesday the Council in May on the to receive state and consider a Report ; to receive
of the Society." I think the matter must be referred Mr. Robert N. Cust: to the Council with a suggestion to that it be submitted It may be that we should extend the Society. the time, but we cannot do it in this way. It is impossible. (Hear,
hear.)
: I agree with Mr. Cust that a matter The President to the Council must be referred and should a a General with of the report Meeting are or not. in favour of it Therefore Council whether they of this kind come before the matter had better be mentioned M.R.A.S., ut Tair Rogers, "A Notice of the Mantiq a Persian mystic poem." on the to M. Garcin de Tassy's work After referring same subject the writer of the paper gave a short account Ibrahim Farid ud of the author of the poem, Muhammad was wrote and about killed by the who Din Attar, 1150, soldier8 the Sufi epitome Khan. Jenghis as found doctrines of of the whole work. The paper in the poem, The paper concludes? summarized and gave a detailed then Mr. Alexander that view. read his paper on of the Birds), (Language then to them with
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. In the
593
it would have been short space of an article more a to than general sketch of the most give impossible and the doctrines held up salient points of the allegory, In the original in it for belief and practical observance. the arguments adduced by the Hoopoe in contravention of the objections raised by the birds, and the admonitions of addressed by him to them, as well as the descriptions on the road of Faith, are illustrated the seven valleys by copious anecdotes, only a few of which have been alluded to. A proper idea of them could only have been conveyed or less full translation, to make very difficult by a more in consequence of the obscurity of many of the mystic allusions with which they abound, and such a translation would will swelled this article to the size of a book. It seen that the allegory traverses the whole that have advanced range of ethics common to all religions mere the of and there fetishism, stage beyond although in the ideas contained is much in it against which the com mon-sense, not to say the religious belief, of professors as a whole, is such of Christianity must revolt, its morality, have have been as to meet
the entire concurrence of the pious and with Its of all creeds. in mysticism, God-fearing unsurpassed the works of any of the Persian mystic be writers, may or at least, if not with studied with curiosity sympathy
toleration.
June 12th, 1894.?E. the Chair.

It was announced that?
L. Brandreth,
Esq.
(Treasurer),
in
and C Stevenson, Esq., I.C.S., Captain Philip Gurdon, Indian Staff Corps, of the Society, had been elected members Mr. H. Beveridge, M.R.A.S. (I.C.S. retired), read a paper on the Khalasat-at-Tawarikh of Sujan Rai. The paper will the in number of October the Journal. appear Robert
j.r.a.s.
1894.
39
594
II.
Obituary
Notices.
31st March a painful and with died admirable illness, supported fortitude, protracted Professor William in his forty-eighth Robertson Smith, year. By his premature death his country loses not merely one of her greatest scholars, but one of her most brilliant so many were his attainments, So multifarious so profound, culture, and, at the same time, so his few among us are in a that encyclopaedic learning, more than dimly realize the to do of the position magnitude loss which we have sustained; while fewer still are qualified to appraise the work of a life which, all too short as it was, was filled to overflowing with endeavour and achievement. geniuses. sided his efforts of those best time, and the combined to the value estimate of his labours in the many qualified which he so strenuously and different fields of knowledge ere a worthy so fruitfully cultivated, record can be written It and in the meanwhile of that rich and active existence; him and loved him, can do, is to all that we, who knew to his power, such aspect or aspects set forth, each according as our narrower horizons permit us to of his life and work behold. It was on Nov. 8th, 1846, that at Keig, in Aberdeenshire, and there, on April death we lament was born; 4th of this year, his mortal remains were laid to rest. His education, until he reached his fifteenth year, was entirely conducted a Minister the Rev. William Pirie Smith, by his father, re of Scotland, Church of the Free equally The for piety and learning. respective merits of needs
1. Professor William Robertson Smith.?On at Christ's after last, College, Cambridge,
he whose
markable but home and school training have been much discussed; here, at least, the results of the former were most happy ; in 1861, Robertson for when, Smith, accompanied by his of Aberdeen, he was brother George, entered the University already besides well and English, versed in Classics, Mathematics, some of Modern, knowledge having Languages,
PROFESSOR WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH. and, alike it is said, of Hebrew. of by the example Thus
595
and urged on equipped, the associates, stimulating influence of his teachers Geddes and (especially Professors own the his keen and of restless intellect, activity Bain), his subject to and finally graduated which he turned his attention, in the Gold Medal at 1865, in which year also he obtained the Ferguson and to all Aberdeen Scholarship (open distinction every in Mathematics. Scotland) even with these early triumphs Yet (for he was not yet came of of that malady first the twenty years age) warnings an almost were two of his the last which life years against was emphasized and the warning struggle; by who in of the brother had hitherto the death, been 1866, his constant and fellow-student. It was then companion to enter the ministry that he determined of the Free continual in pursuance of which object he enrolled himself Church; as a student in the New College, Edinburgh, in the autumn of that year. Here he continued until the spring of 1870, a period of three and a half years, during which his re achievements in the fields of Mathematics, markable Physics, did not divert him from pursuing and even Metaphysics, with his studies in Divinity and the unremitting assiduity half of latter this the Semitic Languages. During period to Professor Tait, and published he acted as Assistant several remarkable papers on subjects connected with both Physical he attained marked in almost
it also he became ac and Metaphysical during enquiry; at the Edinburgh Club, with John F. Evening quainted, of Primitive the author M'Lennan, Marriage, by whom seems first to have been directed towards those his attention of problems he afterwards to the elucidation social archaeology so largely contributed.1 of which
all the facilities which alone, however, with Edinburgh a and extending it afforded him for deepening knowledge for both remarkable depth and extent, already sufficiently
1Most published published in his Marriage notably in 1885; and his Religion in 1889. and Kinship amongst the early Arabians, of the Semites (Burnett Lectures, 1888-9),
596 did he not suffice
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. him. From Professor Davidson, he wanted more, indeed, and so, became
learned much Hebrew; to learn German partly
but
with very proficient, speaking and accuracy), fluency and ease, but with elegance partly to increase his knowledge of the Semitic and languages, to himself with of the views the German divines acquaint he spent a semester and critical at Bonn theologians, There he in in 1867. the house of Professor lodged attended Schaarschmidt, became acquainted with he was much influenced. In the this time the the lectures teaching of Karaphausen, and of Rothe, which by
he (wherein and writing
afterwards it not only
summer of 1869 he again went to Germany, to Gottingen, where he followed the lectures of the ideas of Ritschl and Bertheau, absorbed Lotze the as an active and was associated with Klein theologian, of the Mathematisches member Verein. Ewald, though on and to forbidden lecture, suspended, grounds, political was a felt influence. Smith was appointed spring of 1870 Robertson in the Aberdeen of Hebrew Free Church College, and at the then not twenty-four years of age; being the session he his of delivered ensuing Inaugural beginning on " What History teaches us to seek in the Bible." Lecture included formal lectures, as well as the philo His teaching In the Professor instruction which constituted the logical and grammatical a if for full and arduous, preparation necessary, intelligent of regular of these; and, if the number comprehension students who attended his classes was comparatively small, we may be sure, to judge by his Cambridge on lectures Arabic, that his every utterance was eagerly listened for, and Few absorbed. lecturers, indeed, can succeed in even to most the attractive imparting, subject, that interest of with which his extraordinary breadth range knowledge, of view, and fertility of illustration, enabled him to invest the most sterile and arid, of the texts passages, seemingly which he chose to expound. to In the summer of 1872 he again returned Gottingen greedily
PROFESSOR WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH. fo pursue acquainted his Semitic studies
597
with Wellhausen
that speaking, completed the methods, and the achievements for which Orientalists, especially William Thomas
under Lagarde ; became and Hoffmann ; and, generally of the personalities, knowledge of Continental he, like the scholars, late Dr.
his illustrious in the Sir Wright, predecessor once more alas Adams ! left (now, Professorship so was of this it The conspicuous. vacant), importance seems right to emphasize it is because very strongly, just and most is weakest here that English Orientalism in our to horizons need of reform. the limits Contracting of the British
Empire, we are apt to ignore, or grievously the work done by Continental underestimate, Orientalists, or even a and to imagine that we occupy a respectable, in Oriental in fact, studies, whereas, position distinguished, we are, speaking far in this field of surpassed generally, and if France, Holland, Russia, knowledge by Germany, not by other European nations. From Professor Robertson Smith's tinental sustained scholars relations his friends and correspondence with Con and pupils derived the greatest two ways: they were prevented since solved, and wasting long
upon were an exhausted made soil; and, known personally
and that in advantage, from attacking problems

the when seed of their endeavour occasion offered,
they
in this department of Science. The the more and important theological in French, critical articles appearing and Dutch German, con Smith regularly periodicals which Professor Robertson and Foreign Evangelical tributed at this time to the British Revieui of would afford further evidence, if such were needed, the value of these relations.
to the leading workers of regular summaries
In 1874 the death of Professor Fairbairn, of Glasgow, left on the Old Testament a vacancy Revision and Committee, this Professor Robertson Smith was appointed to fill. Thus did he first become personally with Dr. William acquainted between whom and himself a warm friendship soon Wright, to said This be mark the first beginning of grew up. may his connection with Cambridge; which, however, might never
598 have
result had it not been for an any definite produced event which had occurred shortly before, and paved the way for his entry into our midst. In 1873 or 1874 he accepted a to him made then sole proposal by Professor Baynes, editor of the new edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, that he should contribute with certain articles connected
Criticism those headed ; of which Theology " and Biblical " " so great on arouse and to destined Bible," Angel a storm, appeared in 1875. This is not the place to revive a theological controversy even now well-nigh were in writer the old, years twenty
any way competent to pronounce an opinion on the matter.
with it deserves, however, to be recorded. The first attack on the alleged tendencies of dangerous the articles in question did not come from within the Free Courant, an organ Church, but from the Edinburgh Evening One fact connected to that body, which, and inflammatory in violent The Free the views therein embodied. language, denounced as it were, to thus compelled, Church College Committee, a on take action, appointed sub-Committee, May 17th, 1876, to enquire into the matter. 17th of the same On October hostile the results of its de reported Robertson Professor Smith ; though absolving " to continued of heresy by a large majority, regard they his position with grave concern," nor did the explanations The case their apprehensions." which he offered "relieve this year liberations sub-Committee Robertson Professor its final settlement, on; and, pending Smith was bidden to suspend his teaching, until, in May, 1881, he was finally deprived of his Chair, though even then his opinions were not formally condemned. In the " some on same the six of invitation year, spring of the trailed
and in Edinburgh Free Churchmen prominent should the that it Scottish better who deemed public Glasgow, of the the position of understanding have an opportunity newer criticism than that they should condemn it unheard," " in The Old Testament he delivered his series of lectures on hundred the Jewish marked Church"; its appreciation and of the University his learning by Aberdeen on conferring of
PROFESSOR WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH. him the Doctorate of Law. In
599
the following autumn, too, on the death in and of he became 1887, joint-editor, sole editor, of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Professor Baynes, a post for which his extraordinary range of knowledge in he compelled fitted and which the him, peculiarly admiration The of all. of his suspension had other consolations (and no less deserved were than needed!) to com surely they With him for all that he suffered. his intense pensate and that keen desire to get at the root of every matter, and all things human for which he interest in humanity was no less remarkable than for his knowledge of books, period his that scholarship, he should state and his critical desire to visit acumen, it was but natural the East, and, by observing of the Semitic peoples, and characteristics
the actual
to complete and perfect his views of especially for the accomplishment their past history. The opportunity of this desire had now presented to itself, and he hastened take advantage of it. One winter was passed in Egypt, a second in Arabia and Palestine; itself. Syria, partly the former he assiduously his Arabic prosecuted During studies at Cairo, where he became acquainted with Spitta the Arabs, Bey; the latter, after again visiting he during Egypt, he boldly pushed his explora to Jedda, whence proceeded tions into the interior as far as Ta'if and the precincts of of the of Mecca. results the Holy Some of these City a series of letters, filled journeys were embodied by him in with observations of the utmost value, which he contributed to the Scotsman. a more accessible That form these is most be reprinted in to be for desired, earnestly to his Arabian relating journey, letters should
those they are, especially of a great and enduring value, which the most distinguished were the first to recognise. in Europe scholars Semitic sent Professor in by Robertson The testimonials Smith, when as a candidate he offered himself for the Lord Almoner's
at Cambridge in 1882, lie before of Arabic Professorship me (and seldom, I should think, have testimonials stronger or better attested been offered by any candidate for a similar
600
is laid on the post), and in nearly all of them emphasis of von Kremer these Baron Thus importance journeys. " a letter in dated Dec. Ich konnte keinen 1882, 5, says, nennen so Gelehrten den ich Palmers auf gerne englischen Stelle wurde als Sie. Durch Ihren Aufenthalt begrussen in Aegypten, Ihre Reise in Arabien haben sie den Orient aus eigener seine Bewohner und kennen Anschauung und ausserdem der arabischen als einer gelernt, Sprache lebenden sich bedienen gelernt, ein Vortheil den die meisten unserer Orientalisten nicht besitzen. Ihrer miind Einige iiber die Hudheil-Bedulnen und ihren lichen Mittheilungen benutze habe." ich soeben And bei einer Arbeit Noldeke, die after ich unter der Feder speaking and of of Hebrew profound knowledge the Old Testament, aber "Sollte Umstand dieser continues, auch fur die Qualification Professur fur eine 'arabische' so ist es doch als unwesentlich erachtet werden, jedenfalls of Robertson Smith's dass Robertson-Smith den Orient Bedeutung und sich namentlich der auch in der Heimath Seine hat. Sprache langere Zeit aufgehalten
Journal erschienenen, ganz anspruch
Dialekt
Professor
yon grosser selbst kennt arabischen

in einem
schottischen
aus dem zu unbedingt Hijaz gehoren was dem Instructivisten, iiber Arabien ist; es geschrieben zu wiinschen, ware sehr dass dieselben in Buchform um das belaufig zu erwahnen, So urtheilen, erschienen. losen Reiseberichte Orient Professor Socin, der ja selbst lange im und Professor einer der ist, gewesen Thorbecke, es Kenner des die Arabischen, grundlichsten giebt." or residence in the East does not, indeed, make an Travel Freunde Orientalist; auch meine
ever remain a most but it must important to are to be interpreted his education. Books adjunct No one recognised through men rather than men by books. more this than Robertson the fauna and Smith; clearly and the of the flora, the physical geography, antiquities countries which he visited ali interested him, but the people " him most of all. interested We cared for the modern a he in letter dated March says, llth, 1879, Egyptians," on the Nile, near Siut, " quite as much as for and written
PROFESSOR WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH. the
?01
to loiter for a day ruins, and often found it pleasant in some country place where tourists seldom land." He was quick to discern not was what novel and interest only he did not speak ing, but what was good in the people: as though were of "natives" an inferior order of they as he with dealt them fellow-men, beings; thereby winning their confidence and affection, and such insight into gaining their minds and characters as the arrogant and domineeriug
traveller can never attain.
Arabic
of 1882 the Lord Almoner's Chair of was left vacant at Cambridge the by tragic and death of Professor lamentable Palmer. Robertson Smith as a candidate, offered himself and on New Year's Day of the year 1883 received from Lord the Alwyne Compton of his election. notification No choice could have been to promote the best interests of wiser, or better calculated Cambridge. and from
In
the
summer
Robertson Smith came into residence at once, the first threw himself heart and soul, not only into his own special work, but into the life and general work of the University, Till the year 1885, when he was elected fellow of Christ's, he was a member of Trinity On Mr. Bradshaw's death in 1886 he was ap College. and in 1889 he succeeded pointed University Librarian, as Sir Thomas Adams Dr. Wright Professor of Arabic? a successor to that man. The debt worthy incomparable which and in her Oriental Cambridge, particular School, owes to these two great it would teachers be impossible
to overstate.
in every function which every office which he filled, called upon to discharge, Professor Robertson Smith the same conscientious the same displayed thoroughness, energy, the same clearness of vision and fixity unremitting of purpose. Whether in the Library and the Lecture-room, or on Board and Syndicate; whether for his working or or his in cause the of College, University, Science, high is above and beyond which these, and for which they characterized all that he exist, the same untiring activity did. He was as swift to discern the general principles he was
In
602 underlying appropriate one That
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. forms as to devise the forms most particular to secure the success of general principles. and so competent alike so willing should be with work was but natural; that his constitu
surcharged should suffer from the strain, tion, never of the strongest, was not till the autumn Yet it inevitable. of alas! was, 1892 that his failing health began to cause grave anxiety to his friends, while almost to the last his unflagging courage and sustained cheerfulness kept our hopes alive. Appointed of the Semitic President held gress of Orientalists of that Section of the International Con in London early in the September the onerous duties of that and never did his manner; were his in extraordinary
he discharged year, in the most masterly position never spirits appear higher, more of conversation and tellectual brilliancy activity was surrounded, than he while the last apparent, during two day8 of the Congress week, by the little band of Con several of the most distinguished tinental scholars (including was the it in whom Arabists of Cambridge Europe), privilege as On the memory to entertain her guests. of those two to till the end dwell with the greatest days he continued to bear and by us also, who were privileged pleasure; a part in them, they will be ever remembered, not less
than those later, sadder days, when, powerless to aid, and
bowed
watched
we impending calamity, that and frame, wasting daily fragile that the brave bright animated realized it, spirit which was not for this world. for all its undimmed lustre, long He is gone, our master and our friend, on whose strength, down by the of the of
even when he was weakest, we were wont to lean; he
sense
who void
was
so wise in counsel, us which none among
so swift can fill.
on his couch of suffering, stretched and seldom indeed did our difficulties and our dilemmas, or we come in vain! No matter how great his weariness the effort rather than how severe his pain, he would make And what knowledge suffer us to go away disappointed. one was his! vast of the number of books which Every
of help, leaving a as he lay Often, did we bring to him
GENERAL ROBERT MACLAGAN.
603
composed his library he seemed to know from end to end. "Fetch me such and such No matter what the question: a book," he would no he say (when longer had strength " to rise from his couch), it stands on such and such a shelf, And when and is bound and lettered thus and thus." it was brought, turn over with deft, eager 'hands he would the desired passage was found, and the the leaves, until proffered problem solved. We mourn his loss with deep and heartfelt sorrow, sorrow to express. But we have a powerless to to utterance laments. unavailing give higher duty He is taken from us, he whom we loved and honoured, but his influence abides in our midst. Let it be ours to a teacher, show that we are not altogether unworthy of such on not altogether of the work for which incapable carrying which words than he lived and in which he died.1 Edward
2. F.R.G.S., General Robert
are
G. Browne.
Maclagan, Robert
R.E.,
LL.D., Maclagan?a
F.R.S.E., member
M.R.A.S.?General
on the 22nd April, to of this Society?died and numerous friends in the deep regret of his colleagues and India. Up to the winter of 1892 he enjoyed England and was busily engaged in the work of excellent health, -? and the many Societies scientific, charitable, literary, was a most and which he efficient valued religious?of of the Council member. lungs, congestion last autumn, was attacked Earne, caused his friends ; but he grave anxiety hage, which to Edinburgh, rallied from the attack and was removed and afterwards he gained to his home in South strength and spent where Kensington, the early part of the present During of the the winter of and while suffered from near Loch staying with internal haemorr 1892 he
1 For of the facts embodied in this notice I desire to express my many indebtedness to Mr. John Sutherland Black, and also to articles which appeared in No. 379 of the Cambridge Review (April 26), No. 32 of the Bookman (May), 19 of Vol. xi. of Alma Mater, and No. the Aberdeen University Magazine.
604 year at Torquay. a chill; this was
to his home he caught After returning a return of the haemorrhage, followed by from which he died. was born at on December General Maclagan Edinburgh a was one of 14th, 1820, and family of seven distinguished His father, War, David and was Maclagan, afterwards served M.D., both President in the of the
sons.
Peninsular
Royal College at Edinburgh, in Scotland. present
of Physicians and Royal College of Surgeons and Physician to Her Majesty's Forces one is the Of the General's six brothers
of York, one (the eldest) is Sir Douglas of Medical and Public Jurisprudence in of Edinburgh; Health the University another, Philip Whiteside who died in 1892, was a dis M.D., Maclagan, Archbishop Professor Maclagan, tinguished
work at
botanist
and devoted
to religious
and philanthropic
Berwick-upon-Tweed.
at the High subject of this notice was educated School and University of Edinburgh, and entered the East Service of the India in 1839, Engineer Company career at Addiscombe?at after a brilliant the close of " which he was presented with sword of honour." the In of and 1842 he joined the Bengal Miners, Corps Sappers and the following of Canals year was appointed Surveyor and Forests the first Sikh war broke out in Sind. When was he towards Firozepore, and 1845) (December, moving the of afterwards Sir Charles Napier, whom camp joined to Lahore. he accompanied He was present at the grand review of the army held on March 5th, 1846 (after the victory of Sobraon), and was afterwards placed in charge of In 1847 he was selected for the the defences of the city. first of of the Government Civil Engineering post Principal an at founded institution Rurki, by Mr. Thomasou, College of the North -West Provinces, the Lieutenant-Governor for to scientific and natives of training Europeans affording on to their in view Public and India, Works, employment The a scheme of studies which has been maintained, organized it is believed, with little modification up to the present time. In 1852 he took his first furlough, and devoted part of it
GENERAL ROBERT MACLAGAN. Palestine through return On Constantinople, appointed conspicuous of Mutiny to his old success post, until to a tour
605
to Baalbec, and Damascus, rer from furlough he was to fill with which he continued
the meanwhile, 1860; during of dis 1857, he took part in the suppression and received in and around Rurki, the thanks of order 1860 until From the date Government for his services. the appointment of held to of the the Government Engineer Secretary of Public Works. the Department Punjab'in no opportunity was afforded career in India his During in of the but his work was him Field, earning distinction retirement in 1879, he Chief and his while noble responsible, singularly as it keen extensive did, combining, knowledge, and well-balanced culture, intelligence, scholarly judgment with rare modesty, deep religious principle, wide sympathies, and a temper absolutely perfect, earned the hearty respect important character, and knew him. On the in India, the native members in the Punjab of the Public Works' founded Department an of the in his honour, at Lahore, College University for the native annual prize or scholarship student who in practical most distinguished himself engineering. of various After retirement he became an active member and affectionate termination He was on the scientific, literary, and religious Societies. and Royal Council of the Royal Asiatic Geographical on the Committees for the of both the Society Societies; the of the and Church Gospel Propagation Missionary a member of the Indian Church Aid Association, Society, to the Board of and, since 1887, Honorary Secretary of Canterbury; for the Province he also took Missions for Asiatics at Limehouse. great interest in the Home He produced no large work, but was, at different times, a contributor to the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Journal the Calcutta Review, of the British Association, and the Journal of the Society of Arts, and was the author of several edition) in the Encyclopaedia Britannica articles ; and at the time of his death was engaged (9th upon regard of of his service all who of his
606 a Life
of Akbar, with special reference to his religious views and policy regarded from a Christian standpoint. In 1890 he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from of Edinburgh. the University work as Engineer General Maclagan's and as Philanthro
or will be dealt with elsewhere. Here we pist has been desire to place on record his services in the cause of Oriental of the work of this Society. research, and in furtherance is a list of his principal on The following writings subjects connected Journal with the East:? of Mooltdn, of Bengal.?Fragments of Society and Buhdioalpoor, Derajet from Early Asiatic Fire Weapons (1876). of the Asiatic
the History Persian MSS. Calcutta Journal
(1845); Review.?Spelling of Indian Names (1873). of British Association. ? The Rivers of India
(1885).
H. of Royal Asiatic Society.?Memoir Yule (1890). National Review.?India?The Empire Journal of the late Sir and the Natives
? Britannica Articles: (9th ed.). Kdshi, Encyclopaedia Lahore, Mahmud, Kashmir, Punjab. To this it should be added that the late Sir H. Yule, " " " in the preface to his Travels of Marco Polo and Glossary of Anglo-Indian records his grateful Names," acknowledg to General Maclagan ments for the assistance rendered by him in the preparation of those works. As Head he co-operated of the Department heartily with of Public Works the late General in the Punjab Sir Alexander
(1884).
in his archaeological survey of the province, Cunningham and with the Curator of the Museum at Lahore in getting and the valuable collection of Indo arranging together on from Bactrian the N.W. Yusufzai, frontier; Sculptures and in 1861 he took part in an attempt to establish at Lahore a branch of the Asiatic of Bengal. The Society of any want of zeal failed, not in consequence attempt on the part of General Maclagan and those associated with him, but owing to the frequent change of officers and the
THE REV. DR. RICHARD MORRIS. little leisure left to those
607
for the preparation Without being General Sanskrit
Maclagan literature, and sound judgment were and his wide range of knowledge As a member of of the greatest value in our discussions. he was exemplary of this Society in his at the Council
in administrative work engaged of scientific papers. an Orientalist, in the technical sense, was well versed in Persian, Urdu, and a in and took keen interest Asiatic studies,
of Committees; while tendance, and a most useful member to all his friends his loss will be severe indeed. "It is a a com in writer the "that such Guardian, says rarely," and bination of clear, accurate thought, balanced judgment, one man; is in and found sympathy large-hearted modesty term for the profound is hardly an adequate Christian all he said or did." humility which characterized Patrick in 1855 Patricia, married of Maclagan daughter of who J.P., D.L., Gilmour, Esq., Londonderry, two daughters. four sons and him with Of survives in the Royal the sons two are in India, one a Captain of the Indian and the other a rising member Engineers Civil Service. remains were buried in the Dean Cemetery, The General's of his family are interred. where many members Edinburgh, General Thomas The the is from Henry Thornton. of May band of an irre
following 19th:? Dr.
obituary Richard
the Academy small has suffered
3. The Rev. scientific
Morris.?The
country philologists death the of Dr. Richard dis loss Morris, by parable in and for his work Pali. alike Early English tinguished than two years he had been prostrated For more by an he bore with and distressing which incurable illness, nursed only by his devoted wife. characteristic fortitude, He died on Saturday, 12th, at the little railway May He was buried in Essex. side hamlet of Harold Wood, on Thursday at Hornchurch.
in this
608 Though
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. a Londoner of Welsh life, Richard Morris was (we He was born at Bermondsey educated at the Battersea Training College. than can be little more years we know "all his descent. and dates of his published works. he was, in the main, self-educated, to work at MSS. in the British Museum titles that
believe) in 1833, and Of his early from the gained it is certain But
F.
the example friend, Dr. of, his life-long In 1871 he took orders in the Church J. Furnivall. his title being a curacy in Southwark. About of England, at King's in English lecturer the same time he became to the head In 1875 he was appointed School. College
being stimulated and elsewhere by
at for Boys, of the Royal Masonic Institution mastership for about he in Middlesex, which post held Wood Green, At no time did he receive the advantage sixteen years. or of His endowment. of University education, University came from been of LL.D. Lambeth, having given degree him by Archbishop itself by honoured When of M.A. Tait in 1870. Four years later Oxford on him the honorary degree conferring was his health Mr. broken, already .on the Civil him a pension of ?150 than twelve months. the character of his " of The Etymology a small followed by of the Bible" long series of (1858). contri
Gladstone granted List, which he enjoyed for little more shows His very first publication was a treatise on It studies. early This was Names" Local (1857). on the volume of "Lectures Excellency Then, butions after an interval, began his Text to the Early English the sixties and the
the titles here. in conscientiousness, being marked by absolute fidelity and by most of MSS., and collation the transcription of his labours The introductions. severity illuminating one or was two varied this lighter by period during in six volumes, for In 1866 he edited Chaucer, tasks. British ed. of edition Aldine Bell's (second poets 1891), text until the appearance the standard remained which of his and fellow Chaucer friend Oxford this year of the
through enumerate
which lasted Society, to It is needless seventies. are of editorial All alike models
THE REV. DR. RICHARD MORRIS. And worker, Prof. Skeat. Macmillan's Globe edition, a memoir. contributed This into he a destined in 1869 to which he edited Prof.
609 for Spenser J. W. Hales
connection with Messrs. new of department to show that
Macmillan
pleases. works with it has been
literature, can make money?if a philologist He began, indeed, his series of educational one that is by no means though elementary, on that account. This less successful hardly
where
led Dr. Morris he was
was
which
his "Historical Outlines of English Accidence" (1872), to explain was the first attempt in England the on and historical scientific of the language development some twenty times, and It has been reprinted principles. revised for a is now being thoroughly (we understand) new edition by Dr. L. Kellner and Mr. Henry Bradley. " Lessons Two years later (1874) he brought out Elementary same year in and the in Historical Grammar," English a Primer from both of which?it of "English Grammar," of boys and girls their own tongue,
this remunerative
to know?tens of thousands is pleasant of have learnt their earliest knowledge never need to unlearn. will which they
Scarcely had Dr. Morris struck out
probably of all the branches of philology?the study of appreciated of this Buddhism. In sacred the case, the Pali, language came his with Prof. from stimulus Rhys Davids, intimacy For that Society, the founder of the Pali Text Society.
Dr. Morris has edited portions of some four texts?more,
line, remainder
when
he of
deliberately his life to what
turned is
aside
to
devote the
the least
But he did not than any other single contributor. to editing. His with himself Early familiarity a special to take interest in the caused him English language, as standing midway between the ancient Sanskrit indeed, confine
and the modern vernaculars, and as branching out into
These relations of dialects, in a series of letters in the Academy, Pali he expounded which were invaluable not only for their lexicographical as illustrating but the historical also facts, growth of the
j.r.a.s. 1894. 40
various
known
as Prakrits.
610 languages
of India. The very last work he was able to was a on this paper complete subject, read before the Inter national Congress of Orientalists in September, in London 1892. trust Of Dr. Morris's character, we can hardly private to shine to speak. Though eminently qualified he seemed to rather shun intercourse, publicity. to his intimate To But friends he unlocked his heart. a sober countenance, not unlike own that of his Chaucer, ourselves in social a kindly the In eye and a hearty laugh. those he liked, he was the merriest of good of his life, when not racked To the last week his he interest in the welfare of his kept up by pain, All who knew him loved him; studies and of his friends. to speak an unkind word. for he could never bring himself he added company fellows. of 4. Professor William will Dwight Whitney.-?Sanskritists on a 8th of June the of death have read with deep regret and the scholar who was in the front rank of Indianists head
States.
of the flourishing
school of Vedic
studies
in the United
was born in February, Prof, Whitney 1827, at Northamp ton inMassachusetts. Having graduated in 1845 atWilliams in that State, he obtained a clerkship at a banking College This appointment he held for house in his native place. all his leisure to the study of lan three years, devoting guages, especially he studied from who Salisbury, that University Sanskrit. 1849 the to He 1850 chair then under entered Yale, where Prof. Edward E.
of Arabic at and Sanskrit to 1854. In order to prosecute came over to Europe his Sanskrit in 1850, studies Whitney three for Franz the lectures of Prof. years attending Bopp and of Albrecht Weber at Berlin, and (then a Privatdocent) at Tubingen. afterwards those of Prof. R. Roth In col held from 1841 laboration with the latter eminent scholar, he subsequently the Atharva-Veda Sawhita, being the only Anglo published Saxon who has had a hand in editing any one of the four Vedas. Having copied the text from the MSS. of the Royal
PROFESSOR WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY.
611
to collate other MSS. at at Berlin, he proceeded Library East India in the and of the in the House, Paris, library to America, at Oxford. he became Bodleian Returning on at in 1854 Yale Professor of Sanskrit the resignation In 1870 he was also elected Professor of Prof. Salisbury. the combined chair till of Comparative retaining Philology, From 1855 to 1873 he was librarian, from 1857 his death. and since then president to 1884 corresponding secretary, His contributions to Society. were the in earlier very large Society journal career. About half the contents of years of his professorial vols. vi. to xii. were from his pen, including his translation astronomical work, the Surya-siddhanta of a Hindu (1860). the text with translation and notes of In 1862 he published a work on Vedic phonetics, the Atharva-Veda Praticakhya. in 1871 by a similar edition of a corre This was followed to the Yajurveda, treatise attached viz. the Taitti sponding of the American of Oriental the that The riya Praticnkhya, together with its native commentary. latter work, as the most important Sanskrit of publication him the the three preceding from years, gained Bopp prize the Berlin Academy. In 1864 Prof. Whitney delivered before the Smithsonian Institute a course of lectures, repeated in an extended form at Boston, the Lowell Institute before and subsequently title of under the and the Study of "Language published run This work has four (1867). Language" through " In 1873 he published Oriental and Linguistic editions. the Veda and the Avesta, followed Studies," dealing with a second series treating of religion, in 1875 by mythology, and Hindu astronomy. In the latter year also orthography, of Language" in the Inter appeared his "Life and Growth national Scientific Series. he had been to the making of and Roth valuable great Dictionary Bohtlingk to the Atharva-Veda, contributions the Surya relating and other works. siddhanta, the seventies Whitney gave a good deal of his During to the of attention works of au publication linguistic All this time (1852-75) Sanskrit
612 educational
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. character* Thus,
" in 1873, appeared his Com same German the and in Grammar," year a pendious " " in 1877 Essentials German Reader in Prose and Verse," of English for the use of schools," and in 1878 Grammar is a "Compendious This German-English Dictionary." the most accurate GermanÊngiish in probably dictionary Good books of this kind would not be so rare existence. if men of first-rate ability, knowledge, and scientific training oftener undertake the drudgery of compiling them. a book Prof. Whitney had been elaborating Meanwhile on which his great reputation as a Sanskritist is largely the standard based, and which is universally acknowledged.as on the subject. His work Sanskrit Grammar, published in 1879, may be said to have produced quite a revolu would Hitherto European language. dominated almost entirely by the of the and native their had in Hindus, grammars system dealt exclusively with the later and so-called classical period of the language, which is, linguistically, only of secondary on one Prof. the hand, emancipated importance. Whitney, Sanskritists to the native method subjection by treating linguistic phenomena solely on the evidence of actual literature, and not relying on the bare statements of the Hindu On and artificial lucubrations grammarians. Sanskrit grammar from and element the Vedic introducing a facts statistical treating grammatical point largely from of ^view, he, for the first time, placed the study of Sanskrit The advance since made in grammar on a historical basis. hand, by of the ancient Aryan dialects of knowledge has been mainly due to the stimulus: imparted by this work to the studies of Whitney's pupils and of other scholars. A second revised and extended edition appeared in The first edition had been translated 1888. into German a Zimmer. In 1885 Prof. H. Prof. published by Whitney " and the entitled valuable Roots, Verb-forms, supplement of the Sanskrit Language." Primary Derivatives verborum to He had meanwhile out his Index brought the historical India the Atharva-Veda in 1881. the other tion in the study of had been that
PROFESSOR WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY.
613
a French He varied his Sanskrit studies by publishing as editor-in-chief Grammar in 1886, and acting of the " of six the the Century Dictionary Language," English volumes of which oame out in the remarkably short period of two years (1889 to 1891). the last three years of his life he devoted his During or of reviews to the writing of pamphlets literary activity in the American He and Journal elsewhere. of Philology was a to the American the New Review, frequent contributor to cyclopaedias, and other periodicals, and the Englander, transactions of learned societies. Among his articles may be " noted to the theory from the Atharva-Veda Contributions of the Sanskrit verbal accent" "On the views of (1856), on the Hindu and Max Muller and Chinese Biot, Weber, of and Form in "Material systems Astronomy" (1864), Language" " Logical "Mixture (1872), "Darwinism in views (1880), of Hindu (1881), "The Study Grammar and the Study of Sanskrit" (1884). Prof. Whitney received honorary from Breslau degrees consistency in Language" and Language" of Language" (1874),
(1861), Williams
Harvard
College
(1868), St. Andrews
(1874),
became the He (1886). (1876), and Columbia first President of the American Association Philological in 1869, and was correspondent of the Academies of Berlin, and of the Institute of France Turin, Rome, St. Petersburg, of the Prussian (elected in 1877), as well as Foreign Knight order Pour le mMte. feature of Whitney's A distinguishing linguistic works of his generalizations from grammatical is the accuracy he held the In regard to the science of language, facts. of conventional speech arose from the acceptance were that its imitative, beginnings combating signs, and as the opinion that language was spontaneously generated being co-existent with thought. man was a clear-headed endowed with Prof. Whitney a faculty criticism. for sound and forcible Researches of Indian the with development thought, dealing are liable to science, or chronology peculiarly mythology, view that
614 suffer from
the growth of wild or vague theories, owing to the absence of historical checks. such theories, Against as well as loose Prof. wielded against scholarship, Whitney
an unsparing and trenchant pen. Those who were person
say that he was a man of amiable ally acquainted one would be Judging, however, by his writings disposition. inclined to suppose that his temperament was not altogether with him in the perfervid element. He accordingly sometimes aware a severer without of it, adopted, perhaps being style of criticism than may have been necessary in the interests of truth. But it cannot be denied that even his most forcibly to advance the cause of reviews were calculated expressed lacking The native grammar was scholarship. system of Sanskrit one of the subjects on which he to pour out his delighted scorn. His somewhat extreme views on this question will no doubt be duly counteracted as Prof. by such articles of the Dhatupaâ papers on "The Roots in Literature" in the Vienna Oriental Journal. Among searching reviews or criticisms from his pen during the last two years may be mentioned that on "Delbriick's Biihler's not recent found Vedic "Max Muller and the Science (1892), Syntax" " " on of Language Recent in Hindu Studies (1892), Grammar" to the "The Native (1893), commentary an Rudolf von Roth in Festgruss Atharva-Veda" (1893), " " in The Journal The Veda in Pacini of the Italian and articles in the Proceedings Asiatic Society (1893), Oriental of the American for March, 1894, on Society on astronomical to determine Jacobi and Tilak's attempt the date of the earliest Vedic evidence period as 4000 translation of the B.C., on the third volume of Eggeling's on and Hillebrandt's identification Brahmana, Qatapatha in the Rigveda. of Soma with the Moon It is sad that and great store judgment as Sanskrit such criticism, learning can ill spare, might have studies for been expected should cut have been off in to come, the midst years It is to be hoped of his activity that (madhya karto^). the more important of his lesser writings may be published scholar of further valuable a from whose mature
NOTES AND NEWS. in a collected have form, as those of been by Prof. Bezzenberger. the
615 late Theodor Benfey
A.
A.
Macdonell.
III. The Wilson Mr.

the
Notes
and News.
H. H.
Library
were Lectures delivered Philological by in the Dhruva, M.R.A.S., Bombay University of March. The following were the month during
lectures:?
of Aryan Languages. 1. Progress and Development of Aryan Speech, or Siksha. 2. The Elements 3. The Elements of Aryan Speech (continued); or Siksha, and Nirukta. Chandas, of Grammatical 4. The Evolution Forms, or Vyakarana. of Growths of Languages and Literatures. or Gujerati Sahitya. 6. The Typical N. India Vernacular, author of the Mr. Romesh Chunder Dutt, M.R.A.S., " has just been in Ancient of Civilization India," History a Division in of Commissioner Bengal, being the appointed first native of India to reach that rank in the Revenue 5. Inter-relation branch of the Civil Service. of Council of the R.A.S., Dr. M. Ganter, Member has for the second time to give a course of been appointed on the Ilchester at Oxford. Foundation The lectures were in delivered four number, lectures, during May. subject chosen is "The Sources of Popular Imagery and Secular." in Russia, Religious will publish immediately Mr. S. Arthur Strong, M.R.A.S., an an Arabic edition of MS. in the British the first part of an account of the Muslim Museum conquest of containing The Abyssinia engaged Alkindi's in upon the sixteenth namely, of Egypt." "History " Laill and Majnun."?The Rev. J. A. Atkinson, Nizami9s in a very dainty volume has republished of Bolton, Vicar another MS. Mr. Strong century. in the same collection, is also
616
the translation of this poem, which, written by his father, in 1836, was published James Atkinson, by the originally The new edition is beautifully Fund. Oriental Translation in the and published by David Nutt printed by Constables,
Strand.
has edited the de Goeje, in Leyden, to form the eighth of Mas'udi, Kitdb At-Tanblh Wa'Lwhraf, " Arabicorum." volume of his Bibliotheca Geographorum Unnanse Purani.?Ratmalane Buddhagho&a's Manoratha from the same Harana who JanakI scholar restored the (the Al-Masudi.?Prof, out an edition of this important old Sanna) is now bringing on the Anguttara. The the standard work, Commentary It five sheets, has already appeared. first part, containing on the early and the commentary contains the introduction Suttas as edited by Dr. Morris for the Pali Text Society. is being brought out in Colombo The Jataka Book.?There an edition, in Sinhalese characters, of the Pali Text of the which will be very useful for com Jataka Commentary, The price is a rupee per edition. parison with FausbolTs We this from the Ceylon pai>t pf eighty pages. gather The in the Island. return of books printed Government "A Buddhist the heading boqk is there entered under Reading Book." in the Claudius John Jjibtb, a Professor Koptic.?Mr. Koptic the first Clerical College at Cairo, has just published a written in Arabic?a of part Kpptic Grammar, sign that the Kopts have at length taken steps to help their children to learn their mother tongue.
has appeared at Kandy, The Weddas of Ceylon.?There " a small book entitled con in Ceylon, Vcedi-bhasbawa," a vocabulary and of words used by the Weddas taining in Sinhalese. The author's name is A. T. W. explained of this It would be desirable that a translation Marambe. should appear in the Journal little work pf our Ceylon Branch. There is no copy in our Library here. The Weber MSS.?Several interesting ppints in the domain of Indian archaeology are suggested by Dr. A. fYR* Hoernle's preliminary study of the Weber MSS., in the Bengal
NOTES AND NEWS. Asiatic
617
are a The MSS. Journal. in Society's question of fragments, to Rev. the F, brought light by in Ladak, and found at Kugiar a missionary in Weber, The first point Turkestan. is the Chinese of interest viz. paper. Till quite recently the earliest known material, MS. a connected was with Indian civilization paper thirteenth century MS. in the Wright collection from Nepal, now at Cambridge. It is curious to note that the paper bundle of the present find is stated to be Nepalese. The palgeo are traced in detail by features of the documents graphical and classified Dr. Hoernle, in relation to the "Central Asian Nagari" from the Kashgar MSS. already established at St. the and Bower MSS. Petersburg, recently published by the present editor in a sumptuous form under the auspices of the Government of India. also Some of the fragments to the "North-Western form, elsewhere belong Gupta" to the subject-matter, As investigated by Dr. Hoernle. it may suffice at present to note that of the eleven sets of two at least are of literary For fragments importance. one belongs to the astronomical literature of the later Vedic the period, and is shown to have been composed between
second century b.c and the third century a.d. ; and a second
is of lexicographical
Burmese.?Mr.
value.
Robert C. Stevenson, M.R.A.S., Assistant
in the Burmese Commissioner a new edition of Judson's

needed.
Service, has brought out was much which Dictionary, Civil of Heidelberg, endeavours Philosophy," Garbe, what Prof. in to
Sdnkhya bis do
Philosophy.?Professor
newly published "Sankhya for that school of thought
done excellently to be translated

manageable
has so Deussen for the Vedanta, Both these works ought as they do, in the into English?giving
of a single octavo volume, a summary
compass
three competent of in India. schools principal thought Buddhist in the interested Philosophy.?A gentleman name to not be his who does desire known) has subject" (but most generously started a scheme, and provided the necessary by
the most
hands
of
two
out
of
the
618
of complete editions and transla funds, for the publication tions of the seven books of the Abhidhamma so Pitaka far as they have not been already published by the Pali are in progress Text Society. the Arrangements by which scheme will go regularly until the on, without stopping, whole work will be accomplished. to the Athenceum, Professor Robertson Smith.?According the will of Professor Robertson Smith has just been it he leaves his Arabic and proved. By Syriac or books, manuscript together with twenty early-printed scarce books to be selected the to the Librarian, by With this exception, the University Library, Cambridge. of his working whole is very valuable, is library, which left to Christ's College. A preliminary has been meeting at which it was agreed that there should be a held, memorial at Cambridge of the late Professor; and it was that this be done suggested might by raising a fund for the maintenance and extension of his library at Christ's for the benefit of all Oriental students?an College object to have much which he was known at heart?and for the for the University purchase of further manuscripts Library. It being now too late to take further steps this term, a will be held at Cambridge meeting early in October. " Classical Columbia College, New York.?A volume entitled " Studies in honour of Henry Drissler has just been issued of twenty-one Press, consisting by the Columbia University are historical Of these three papers. Oriental, namely, to Zoroaster in Syriac and Arabic Litera (1) "References " in ture," by R. J. H. Gottheil; (2) Against Henotheism the Rig Veda," E. and W. "Ancient by Hopkins; (3) Persian Armour," Jackson. by A. Y. Williams The Maha Bodhi Temple.?A regrettable religious dispute has occurred at the Maha Bodhi Temple, Gaya. A high on a now of to Buddhist shrines in visit India, priest Japan, a valuable statue of Buddha, historical of an of the of Buddhists great antiquity, offering Japan to India for the Maha Bodhi Temple. of The Collector had with him Gaya obtained permission of the Mahant in charge of the
NOTICES OF BOOKS. and At
619
temple, monial.
the statue was to be offered with great cere the last moment the Mahant changed his mind, and collected a thousand budmashes to oppose the placing of the statue in the temple. The conduct of the Mahant as is inexplicable, of sent by Burmese Buddha images on Buddhists several been had, occasions, similarly received without The Maha Bodhi objection. Society, being peace able people, withdrew, but a wanton insult has thus been offered to Japan and to all Buddhists. The Hindoos of are highly at the conduct of the Mahant, Bengal indignant who is in fact a usurper at the temple. A high priest of Japan had lately been received with great honour by the at a large meeting over by Hindoos of Calcutta presided
Sir Jotendro Mohan Tagore. Maharaja The Jindlankdra.?A with edition, complete English and notes, of this poem (which has not been translation so much use of made hitherto, published though Burnouf his MS. copy of it), will be shortly published by Professor James Gray, of the Rangoon the editor of the College, Buddhaghosuppatti and other works.
IV.
Notices
of Books.
LEGENDES ET CoNTES MERVEILLEUX DE LA GRANDE KaBYLIE, recueillis par A. Moulieras. Texte kabyle, ler fascicule. 8vo. pp. 107. Paris: E. Leroux, 1894. is the first part of a work which will include a collection and of Kabayl tales, with legends French translation and vocabulary, not and which will be completed till some years have elapsed. It will form a of this popular Berber literature, splendid monument no doubt, Masinissa, and many others which, Jugurtha, have enjoyed long ago, though in a purer form and without with Arabic and words. More any interference legends will have to be said about this publication. This voluminous
T. G. de G.
620 Manuel dans I. et de le la
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. langue de au centre et parlê Schreiber. J. par l'Abyssinie, II. pp. vii. and 93. (Chrestomathie iv. and 134. Vienna: 8vo. pp. Tigrai,
nord
(Grammaire), Vocabulaire), 1887-1893. Holder, This most
work has been completed lately interesting a Roman Catholic Missionary, and, in its by we have a complete Handbook of the Tigray present form, which is called sometimes improperly Tigrifia, language, to an Amharic The belongs Tigray language adjective. to be a somewhat but it appears the Ethiopic family; its author, mixed of which the Tigre offspring of the ancient Geez, a nearer no Tigray As relative. there is is language consists of some biblical stories, literature, the Chrestomathy letters, very characters,
many
dialogues, proving Ethiopic

less prevent
fables,
useful,
and proverbs, the whole collection use the exclusive of the though will doubt without any transliteration,
who are not familiar with this
persons,
complicated
language.
alphabet,
from
becoming
acquainted T. G.
with de G.
the
Notes
pour
l'histoirb
d'Ethiopie,
par
J.
Perruchon.
Paris, Under
1893-1894.
in the Revue this title, the author publishes a of historical the Ethiopic documents series in simitique : and or Arabic translation with text, copious explanations or are the with become interested for those who may history of the greatest will prove these documents of Ethiopia, the reign of several Ethiopian illustrate they as as well their intercourse with the Sultans of sovereigns will show And I by an instance of what importance Egypt. are published in the original it is that these documents value, : an Arabic writer text, without any alteration speaks of a queen who reigned over a tribe which he calls Beni-el Amuta or Amuya. Now, some scholars have been dissatisfied this with name, simply because they were not acquainted as
NOTICES OF BOOKS. with
621
it; one of them has corrected it into Yahudya (Jews), and another into Haghuya what right have they (Agaws): or to do so? That we do not know the Beni~ehAmuta are not There prove anything. Amuya does yet many things we do not know; but is that a sufficient ground for forging names ? It is in that fashion that history is too often falsified, and we are indebted to the author for the publi texts. cation of these unsophisticated T. G. de G. Les Apocryphes Rene de Basset. en traduits ethiopiens, I. (Le livre de Baruch francais par et la legende ou le livre de
II. (Mas'h'afa T'omar, Jeremie). III. (L'ascension l'epitre). d'Isa'ie). and 55. Paris, 1893-94.
8vo. pp. 39, 20,
Basset Prof. Rene has undertaken to indefatigable are which the from Ethiopian apocrypha, publish interesting more than one point of view. We may rely upon him for The
an accurate translation.
T. G.
Die Bedawye Sprache in Nordost-Africa,
de G.
von Leo
II. and III. Reinisch. (Grammatik). : F. Tempsky, 1893-94. Wien
Svo. pp.
204.
has now completed his Grammar Prof. Leo Reinisch of sometimes or called even the Bedawye Bishari language, and a dialect of which has been illustrated Hadendoa, by without scientific any texts, though with more Almqvist, than was perhaps necessary. Prof. L. Reinisch display that it is the old Nubian takes care to explain language, and not at all the Bishari is represented language, which as the Bishari in the so-called Meroitic is an inscriptions; unwritten the author has very wisely refrained language, or from using the Arabic the Arabic characters, Ethiopic characters being used only by the Mahomedan Bisharis in but never their own language. order to write Arabic, The in Roman letters is both transliteration scientific and
622
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. that with letters the Bisharis, the Kushitic <fe and 7*
; we find, curiously enough, practical like the Ethiopians, have, in common the sound of the rounded languages,
The phonetic part of Prof. L. Reinisch's (qwa and gwa). is very extensive; Grammar into but, instead of falling needless and tedious minutiae, like his predecessor Almqvist, to make the matter very attractive the author has contrived the Bishari forms with those of the by largely comparing I cannot here enter into the par languages. surrounding ticulars of this rather remarkable language, which possesses a definite article, two genders, and an extensive system of for both nouns and verbs; inflexion these parts have been dealt with by the author, and his work will be masterly a for all those who will to become guide attempt with the no I entertain doubt that language. acquainted the Vocabularies as will prove as highly the interesting safe
T. G. de G.
Grammar.
Dr.
S. Gelbhaus,
Das
Targum
II.
zum Buche
Esther.
Francfort-on-the-Main:
Kauffmann.
opens a series of researches on the literature to his view of the Targums with this treatise. According the Targum II. is composed of fragments of a more compre hensive work which was called Targum Rabbdh, the original been form of which lost. Dr. Gelbhaus has, however, does not adduce any strong proofs in support of his theory, nor are they sufficient to make us alter the date Zunz has Dr. Gelbhaus IL, towards the end of the of the Book of century?with exception as the fourth Proverbs?for suggested by Dr. Gelbhaus. Of great interest is the list of parallels between this Targum and the Psittd, which reveals the close lingual and probably between both. In another list he also literary connection between the T. II. and the shows the differences ordinary to the book. He could have added that the Targum translation of biblical in the T. II. Aramaic quotations the seventh fixed for the writing of the T.
NOTICES OF BOOKS. also differs of from the T. I. It
623
is questionable the whether in the the of Queen Sheba, Qoran, reproduced legend In the Moslim tradition this is borrowed from the T. II. own (see Weil, course a its of in special legend developed Bibl. Legenden der Muselmdnner, pp. 247 sqq.). To judge from this first instalment we may expect important results on the further researches from Dr. Gelbhaus's questions of the composition and language of the Targums. H. H.
The
JanakT the
Harana.
late Pandit
By Haridasa
Kumara Sastri,
Dasa. Director 24, Girisa
Edited
by of Public
Education, (Calcutta: Jaipur. 1893 ; price R. 5.) Lane, We
Vidyaratna
to the edition of this have already called attention verse as into restored from the Sanskrit poem recently K. discovered Sinhalese and commentary Dharmarama, by in 1891. The in an work is present Ceylon published a of the restoration made from poem copy independent of
young
the
commentary
native scholar
sent
from
Ceylon
Sastri.
to
It
the
is
very
now
able
pub
Haridasa
death of the premature regretted of young author, by Kalipada Bandyopadhyaya, Principal at Jaipur. As the commentary the Sanskrit College in full in the Ceylon is printed contains edition) (which a each few word of the exceptions) unimportant (with had order, the puzzle which poem, but in no particular those words to be solved was to rearrange in metrical lished, order. The Indian rearrangement short Sanskrit commentary the date of a few within it will literary edition have differs pretty in this frequently the Ceylon editor, and points out in notes the passages where he thinks the a wrong contain itself must As reading. the Ceylon the poem king who wrote is, years, quite certain (he reigned 517-526 a.d.) an historical importance quite apart from its from editor
after
the much
value, and scholars will be very glad to have an in the Nagari character, and one prepared by so
624
NOTES OF TSE QUARTER.
editor. Their best scholar as the present good a native are of the thanks therefore due to the learned Principal the Sanskrit for from destruction rescuing College Jaipur very interesting work of Pandit Haridasa Sastrl.
Judson's
Burmese-English by R. C. enlarged printed Burma.
Dictionary.
Revised
and
Rangoon, Printing, It is difficult
Burma Stevenson, the Superintendent, by
Commission. Government
but praise of this very once places of students compilation, not if that better in a position Burmese to, than, equal in any of the other fellow-workers enjoyed by their The author has, it is of the Indian Empire. vernaculars an as work his described true, modestly merely enlarge ment and revision of that of Dr. Judson, but so numerous excellent anything at which are the alterations, (the important be as that it would doubled), practically a revision of modern dictionary English of such books of reference In the making " c'est le premier the case that undoubtedly is a really work first the and that where and size just Dr. has been to style a Johnson's.
to write
it is, of course,
pas qui coute," good one of its ones all subsequent kind, as is the case with Dr. Judson's, a the to material, extent, ipse must, incorporate great the same time the line At verba, of the original pioneer. have must be drawn somewhere, and, where the alterations a to misnomer as here, it seems been so great and manifest call a subsequent work by the name of the first dictionary to declare indeed it would not be rash prophecy maker; that
known
the present
as
book
will,
in spite
and not
of
as
its
title,
become
Judson's
"Stevenson's,"
"Dr.
Dictionary." which in its publication, The great delay concerning in current various Burma, was, it now reports have been of the American to the default due appears, mainly the in in Rangoon, Mission Press, providing Baptist the work having eventually necessary type for the printing,
notices
of BOOKS. 625
to be printed at the Government is usual in Press. As from that the publications department, type, paper, etc., to be desired; leave nothing but why was a dictionary issued with a paper cover? It is surely of all works the one most entitled to a substantial binding, always supposing that the trammels of red-tapeism allow such. the following author claims with justice "special " :? features for his work " a considerable of new words not number (1) It has contained in former ones. " (2) Most of the words have examples showing their use. (He might also have added the fulness and exactitude of the definitions " " (3) Both the of the different and words.) styles are ex written colloquial The
emplified. (4) It contains many excerpta from the best authorities terms. regarding Buddhist religious and metaphysical " of many words is given. (5) The exact pronunciation " (6) It contains many proverbs, aphorisms, old and quaint " . . . sayings, which have not been published; latter are found partly scattered in a short as examples collection at the
The
the end, but principally throughout book. The care and intelligence in their selection displayed are highly and translation to the author, who, it creditable is understood, has been at considerable pains in the matter. Little has been done to settle words. Perhaps, state of Burmese the with subject, however, the derivation of any of the it was as well in the present to leave alone this portion of a common "teems expression,
pitfalls on preface There was, Judson in instead Stevenson of
philology to use which, teste the note given for the unwary," in the " Dr. Forchhammer's derivation of Bassein." no to have followed Dr. however, necessity certain from. Pali words wrongly deriving from Sanskrit. As the spelling, Mr. regards
has followed that generally in Burma, obtaining new in brackets the directed inserting only spelling by cases the latter the late Committee In many in Rangoon.
j.r.a.s. 1894. 41
626
NOTES of the
quarter.
the better; is is doubtless in others the alteration spelling more questionable, ante and under the circumstances, (see seem to have Mr. Stevenson would p. 412, J.R.A.S.), acted in the wisely matter. important The course he has taken in this not un
given under the different terms relating explanations to the Buddhist do not religion and philosophy certainly on err the side of brevity, copious extracts being given on the subject. It might from the different authorities better have been perhaps tions from Burmese books like the reader of a work is the erroneous quota since what subject, this would want to ascertain in the matter, views however to have on the given more
Burmese precise these may be in certain details. The teachings of the Ceylon school of Buddhism in agree, of course, that prevailing the main with ,in Burma; and, therefore, from authors who studied that have principally quotations to the school are likely to be applicable faith of enough
the more northern country. At the same time one cannot
but
think
advantage
authority the dictionary it is the more As generally regards will the matter studied the more appear comprehensive in it, the author appearing equally at home incorporated as with the more with the terse and idiomatic vernacular obscure language of the poets. In and sometimes numerous the to number of the idio addition proverbs, is very matic and quasi-proverbial sayings given large, and it will be found that these are no mean help to the refined of the word under of the exact signification are or words found. those Further, expressions they which obtain chiefly in only one of the Provinces, Upper or Lower Burma, have this fact duly noted. In short it ascertainment which will have may be said that the future student of Burmese no excuse for ignorance so far as this can be dispelled by a As since the annexation of Upper Burma work of reference. the number of learners of the language has increased yearly
the definitions have all been on Buddhism.
and taken
with explanations might from Burmese works of
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
627
by leaps and bounds, it is to be hoped that Mr. Stevenson may reap an adequate reward for the extraordinary learning on this dictionary, and pains he has expended which must for very long, if not always, remain the standard work on the subject.
B. H.
Der
altindische Rgveda. Tubingen,
Gott Von 1893. claims
Varuna Karl
nach
den
Liedern Pp.
des 127.
Bohnenberger.
field
to be a special in the investigation The introduction history religion. (pp. with the religious deals generally and 1-21) conceptions About two-thirds of the main the exegesis of the Rigveda. of the various body of the work consist of a statement This treatise the of of These is presented the god Varuna by that been fully and well have already aspects on Varuna and in his monograph by Hillebrandt also by Muir in the fifth and less exhaustively and by Bergaigne in the of his Sanskrit Texts, in which
aspects Veda. treated Mitra, volume third have
The writer would volume of La Religion Vedique. over in been better going ground justified he to a had views traversed, already previous subjected results made the criticism and thus obtained the searching of further
This he has failed to do, investigations. in introduction the stating vaguely merely (p. 19) that cases been led to conclusions he has in many differing and has attached either greater from those of Hillebrandt, or less weight than that scholar does. to various points course the it would If he had followed have indicated, he has added anything easier to see whether been of basis to our knowledge of the subject. importance is concerned, The second part of the book (pp. 91-127) the same heads as those of the first part, with under as to the motives those character producing speculations istics of Varuna which we find developed in the Rigveda* to out not it is too, Here, any new results of easy point importance. The writer's lengthy contention (pp. 122-25)
628 that
the conception and not an animistic The bare statement
had a purely naturalistic, of Varuna or a fetishistic, origin seems superfluous. of the negative that there proposition in the history is no trace of animism or fetishism of this have sufficed. would god, The phonetic (Indo-European equations, i?ev9=Dyaus
dieus) and oupavo?=Varunas (i.e. vorvnnos, see Brugmann,
How the ii. 154) have long been established. names use the Greeks and of these two inverted among is to be accounted for, is no doubt correctly stated Indians words of the vault Both designated by Bohnenberger. " " as dieus the shiner heaven in the Indo-European period, " as the vorvnnos (\/diu), encompasser" (t/ver). When to distinguish the personifi it became necessary between and the Indians cation and its natural basis, the Greeks the went The former came to restrict different ways. Grundriss of meaning sky," while and Varuna and Zeis to "god of the ovpavos to "sky," remained the sky, with the Indians dyaus It may be added the god? that became the retains the personification incipient Rigveda though which dates from the Indo-European period, Dyaus being as a father (Dyaus pitar=2e0 of irdrep, spoken frequently was not further this personification developed Jupiter), never designates (as in the case of ovpavos), for the word a god at all in post-Vedic times. Such being the relation the former may be called the oldest of to Dyaus, of Varuna the Vedic gods. In the development of the conception four obvious stages. of Varuna, Bohnen From the primitive the first step is an
meaning
distinguishes of "encompassing sky," or anthropomorphic personification. zoomorphic incipient next grows The personification and, becoming complete, substrate, assumes the character separated from its natural two stages lie far behind These of an independent deity. Varuna then attains to the. the earliest Rigvedic period. moral of the Universe, and the ruler, of supreme god position of the notion of the which is quite a natural development It is at the end of this stage in his sky. all-embracing berger
NOTICES OF BOOKS. evolution that we find
629
of the him in the oldest period is here no longer any living tradition There of Rigveda. some with his connection the vault of heaven, though be connection traced in his may of Varuna the in last is stage Rigveda personality. to this that of his decadence. With regard stage, to say how remarks that it is impossible Bohnenberger but it seems the old Varuna worship decayed, quickly of this god certain that the practical religious importance remnants of such The end of the Rigvedic period had become very small. attained by Varuna We may add that the final position was that of the Indian Neptune. in post-Vedic mythology From being, among his other functions, ruler of the celestial waters, he became the regent of the terrestrial ocean. In order in dealing primary different of at anything like definite conclusions it is obviously of evolution, mythological to the relative age of distinguish importance to arrive with at the
As, however, parts of the Rigveda. only results kind hitherto the most been have attained, general to count on in this little help has had Bohnenberger even the older considers direction. He, no doubt rightly, Indian, though he regards Rigvedic period to be exclusively it as much removed from later conceptions than further Pischel would admit. can hardly be said to be very successful Bohnenberger a point on which he in establishing his opinion concerning the ordinarily re states his disagreement with expressly ceived view. This point is the relation of Mitra to Varuna. Varuna the sky, while Mitra was represented originally probably sky, the treated that the luminary whose light pervades to to be their close two, owing connection, coming as almost identical. thinks however, Bohnenberger, diurnal practical to points the
in character of Mitra and identity a of Varuna the division single god into two, "friend" the attribute into an (mitra) having developed to assume not He has consequently independent deity. = cannot the be identified that Mithra Avestan ( Mitra) only with the sun, but that the name of the original deity
the
636 Varena
must been have (=Varuna), by which Mithra came to be accompanied, invariably dropped as superfluous. to connect He also thinks that all attempts the attribute of friendliness in the Vedic Mitra with the sun as a natural basis have failed. But, at any rate, no god evolved from a of nature could more obviously be regarded phenomenon as the friend of man than the sun. The beneficence of the other solar deities of the Rigveda (Surya, Savitr, Pusan, is often emphasized, and the sun is said to be the Visnu) to preserve soul of living beings, the world, and to bestow from heaven and earth. the god of Fire, blessings Again, of whom the sun is regarded as a form, is more than Agni, " " once in the Rigveda called the friend (mitra). for press. sometimes
There
cannot be said to have been revised carefully There are many misprints in transliterated words, two or three on the same page (e.g. p. 67). This is especially the case in regard to the quantity of vowels. The book
are also other errors, such as garadham for qaradam
On the whole, it seems (p. 42), and drsh for dhrsh (p. 39). a that the author did not rather to an devote himself pity more new for research than investigation affording ground that which he has here treated.
A. A. Macdonell.
Epochs
1761
Indian History: a.d. J. D. By three maps. Longmans,
of
The Rees, 1894.
Muhammadans, I.C.S. CLE.,
1001 With
to Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole, an According indisputably on excellent such the matters, authority personally-derived title of the small volume under notice, as applied to the creed of Islam or the professor thereof, would have been as "nothing the himself short of regarded by Prophet however, blasphemy."l Among English-speaking people, and throughout Western it has become sanctioned Europe, other questionable conventional by use, and, like many
1 " The Lane-Poole, of the Prophet Speeches and Table-Talk 1882. p. 190. Macmillan, Mohammad " ; by Stanley
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
631
to be accepted continue under warrant of terms, will custom. In any case, the summary of Indian history put before us by Mr. Rees will not suffer from the applica* nor will tion of a misnomer; its value be impaired by the designation instead of "Muslims." "Muhammadans" The method and arrangement of this review of a period could scarcely have been amount of preliminary and it and is for the Civil fortunate reading study; are to Service of India that there still be found in it men as as of intellectual well the energy, who have physical sense a careers by to inaugurate sound their laying if life be spared* they may eventually foundation on which, of monumental raise structures usefulness. Mr. Rees, we exercised without to know?^quite of fulfilling his independently ? as a been has indefatigable professional requirements an a of and student life observer, and traveller, character, a narrator. the He had the happy thought of describing the tours Governor immediate of of his official Chief, the record in a popular form which would make Madras, have Several and instructive reading. separately pleasant be produced in evidence of might published pamphlets the notion was carried into effect; the skill with which in October, written and an account of Trichinopoly, 1890, of this kind may at once be recalled as a good specimen As regards his work now under notice of journalizing.1 to be that he has "tried above all things he explains " endeavoured also that he has brief and comparative"; as cannot well be to mention and events such names omitted,
them by
of
six hundred
and sixty years a considerable
reason
and, India."
as
all Those
knowledge
to
is comparative,
contemporary
to
focus
occasional
references
occurrences
for whom he has catered may, we as well as the author himself, on think, be congratulated, an is not It of his latest labours. this outcome easy so as to Indian history matter to condense and expound and an attempt make the main facts and issues intelligible, outside
1 " Twelfth Central the Governor of H.E. Survey Office, Madras. Tour " ; with map photo-zincographed at
632
to bring it home to the apprehension of English readers, to reference and is better known annals, by contemporary means no to mass succeed safe with the of students. by on "the Mu his chapters us Rees that "the tells of spelling to the authorized according system by the Government of India, in the case of a few except as well-known a change where words, Poona, Punjab, prefatory Mr. hammadans," is proper names In note to form would be pedantic." But we customary as the first such inconsistencies pages thirty Bussora Basra and Moslems and 1) (page (page 2); Muslims (page 3); Rashid (page 27) and Yameen (page " Arabian Nights" 28); and surely our old friend of the than Caliph. There would be more correctly designated Khalif is no need to go further; but it may be understood that find in is needed, if only for consistency's revision orthographical sake?Jet alone the "Indian Government system," which, if applied to the and things of men, generally places, not be from would free and serious Islam, many objections. from the a
The
Megha Paraphrase. M.R.A.S.,
Duta C.B.
by Edited
Kalidasa
with
Sinhalese
by the Hon. T. B. PXnabokke, (Colombo, 1894, pp. xvi. and 86.)
of Kandy, discovered Gunatilaka, there, his at before the Oriental the unique death, shortly Library, MS. of this interesting work. It is an ancient Sanna, or on word-for-word the famous work of Kalidasa, commentary and is of some importance, firstly by reason of the curious readings it sometimes gives in difficult passages of the poem, it affords of the kind of by the evidence which of Sanskrit On knowledge possessed by Ceylon pandits. the first point a full selection is here given of the various well-known readings?W standing for the reading of Wilson's Calcutta edition of the poem (1813), and P for the readings given from the unique Ceylon MS. by the present editor. On the second point it is noteworthy, that the grammatical and secondly
Mr.
William
NOTICES OF BOOKS. notes depend, or grammars. hopes from to treat this fact not
633
The
on Panini, but on some other grammar editor states, in a private note, that he that may be drawn fully of the conclusions after he
has been able to ascertain with sources from which are greater exactitude what actually the are actually quoted. these rules, not found in Panini, It is of especial interest to find one of the most dis chieftains of the of the ancient descendants tinguished for its scholarship beautiful island so long renowned both to devote his time to so careful an edition able and willing of a difficult Sanskrit text, and of the no less difficult we trust And it. ancient Sinhalese upon commentary to that his further results of the historical consideration be drawn from the commentary will not be too Rh.
Various Readings.
long D.
delayed.
W.
(Wilson).
P.
(Panabokke).
3 Kautukadhana hetoh 4 Jivitalarabanarthi 5 Prakrtikrpanah 8 Aham 10 Prayaso 12 Bhavato 13 Srotrapeyam 14 Pariharan 18 Snigdhaveni 26 Yuktam ? Calormi 32 Anusara 33 Pratyusheshu 34 Tyaktva 35 Kridavirata 36 Abhyeti 40 Tankasyancid Parihara.
Ketakadhana hetoh. Jlvitalambanartham. Pranayakrpanah. Ayam. Prananam. Bhavata. Sravyabaddham. Sarpaveni. 19 stanza wanting. Whole tat. Calormyah.
Yat
Upasara. Pratyusherddha. Nltva. Krldabhirata. Apyeti. Tasyah kincid.
634
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. P. Pushpaih Vikasat. (Panabokke). sadhu. stanza (55 in P)
W. (Wilson). 46 Pushpasaraih 49 Vilasat 56
The whole differs. Drshadi. Upabhrta, Kalpishyante.
57 Dryadi
? Upacita ? Kalpante'sya 64 68
Lines 3 and 4 differ in P

(verse 63). Adds two stanzas numbered II. 3 and IL 4 between 67 and 68. Wilson's The whole II. 7 Prerita. 8 Bhuraer. Salilakanika. Before
ditional
69 70 Prerana 71 Bhumir ? Sajalakanika 73
stanza differs.
73 P
has
stanzas
two
ad
num
bered IL 74 Atra 75 Haimaischanna snigdha 76 Yasyastire racita ? Veshtana 77 Kansyatyanno 80 Arhasyantarbhavana 83 Priyaya
? Tvadanusarana Tatra.
10, 11. dirgha.
15 Haimaih 16 Tasyastire Veshtita.
sthita vihita.
17 Vaiichatyannyo. 20 Arhasyenambhavana. 23 Bahunam.

Tvadupagamanat.
84 Alokete
nipatati
pure
24 Sanlakshya
ghare.
te
grhapati
86 Gamanadivasam va ,, Samyogam 87 Pidayenmadviyogah 89 Visva ? Kshanam api bhavet 90 Sikhadama 91 Gatamabhimukham ? Cakshuhkhedat
26 Virahadivase.
Matsamyogam.
27 Pidayedviproyogah. 29 Nihsva. ? Katham upanamet. 30 Sirodama. 31 Gatamapa8ukhain. Khedacchakshuh.
notices W. (Wilson). 91 Chadayantim 92 Xomalan
of books.
635
P. (Panabokke). 31 Chadayitva. 32 Pelavam. 33 Tat. 35 Hastasambahanabhir. 37 Stanitavacano. 38 Prekshitanam. 39 Caiva.

Kantopantat.
93 Yat
95 Hastasamvahananam
97 Stanitavacanair 98 Proshtanam 99 Caivam ? Kantodantah 101 Drufca 102 Bruvilasan
40 Drava. 43 Brupatakam. The whole stanza wanting in P. 49 Seshan

50 Sasvaram.
105
110 Masan etan
masan.
111 Satvaram 112 Vyapadaste
114
115 Priyasamucitam
than cetaso me
51 Bhramsinaste. 53 Is inserted by P before 115. prar 54 Priyam

vartmano
anucitaprarthana
me.
The
of India. Coins of the Mogul Emperors Collected Chas. J. and the Rodgers, purchased by by Panjab 1894. Government. Calcutta, is
a catalogue made with of a collection great one must and tried it to know have diligence pains?and what a trial of temper and patience it is?in the bazaars of to whom the Panjab during some 25 years, by Mr. Rodgers, This we owe so much information about the coins of the Siirl kings and the Mogul emperors of Dehli. was Mr. Rodgers the first to describe, Asiatic Journal in 1880, the copper coinage
in the Bengal of Akbar; and this catalogue is the first in which the copper coinage of the Dehli is described to any extent, emperors for, as was re marked in our Journal last year, when noticing the British Museum Catalogue of this series, the national collection was very poor in that kind of coin, containing only forty
636
of Akbar and one of Jahangir. specimens in all?thirty-nine This collection about of knowledge this deficiency supplies the impression Mr. S. Lane them, and corrects given by Poole that the Mogul copper coinage was a scanty one. 1816 coins collection (53 gold, comprises and 1559 are Mogul of which 717 silver, copper), in all coins and 257 Surl, and includes many novelties are numerous The metals. coins of Babar and Humayun and interesting; of Akbar there is a large assortment and an series. remarkable The author has copper especially to the coinage of Jahangir, devoted much attention and whole 1046 gives a long list of couplets he has found on his coins; he describes, too, twenty-two copper coins of this emperor, on some of which are new of coins replacing designations those of his father Akbar. The copper coins of Shah Jahan Muhammad Shah, 'Alamglr IL, Shah 'Aiam IL, Aurangzib, and Akbar II. are also worthy of notice. The square dirham and Farrukh shWyi of Aurangzib Siyar, similar in weight to the old Khalif The list of mints contains coins, are new. some several new names and some fresh readings, with as titles of mints, such honorific akhtarnagar interesting bandar i mubdrak Surat, and Oudh, dar aUjahdd Haidarabad, Muhammabdd 'urf Udaipur maftuha. It is a pity that the large collection made by Mr. Rodgers could not Surveyor during the time he was Archaeological have Government reports, but included in this list; he then collected for he appended and not for himself; lists to his were not published, and the coins were they museums. to various It is distributed Government by the no are that there to be regretted, too, plates illustrating been some of the coins described for those not very familiar in this catalogue; with the lettering The
it is difficult and arrange on the copper coins, ment of the parts of words, especially a specimen to make out the legends without illustration, or disputed reading it is of course and in case of a doubtful in the reading, on the coin as, for instance, all-important, as is of a.h. 1135, Akhtarnagar Oudh, not Akbarnagar, given in the British Museum Catalogue.
NOTICES OF BOOKS. We
637
has other cata are glad to hear that Mr. Rodgers a viz. second coins in hand, part of the logues of Indian in the Indian one now under notice, one of the collection and one of that of the Asiatic Calcutta, Museum, Society of these we shall have On the publication of Bengal. of the Indian series in our knowledge made much progress of coins, which now much needs to be brought together and
concisely arranged. 0. C.
Vedanta
als Fermeute fur eine kiinftige Buddhismus, Beuresstseins des innerhalb religiosen Regeneration
des europaischen Kulturkreises. Von Th. Schultze.
und
(Leipzig:
W.
Friedrich.
No
date.
Pp.
78 and 143.)
and Interesting at the comparison to progress in the far as it purports
thought. culture of the Western

discrepant genuine treasures its heritage but of the
as a specific attempt worthy of attention and a contribution of religious principles, is of in so same, this essay significance to indicate the drift of modern religious The author holds that the time has come for the world
Hebraic
to shake
tradition,
off
and
the decadent,
to combine
of
genius
independent of
sources?viz. communication
the Helleno-Roman and self-expression,
the modern methods Aryan

ethical
of empirical insight,
a basis
science
for
and the old Indo power, and

catholic
psychological
self-mastery?into
contemplative
truly
progress.
Part I. of the work (pp. 1-78) is a criticism of Christianity a destructive and results, with in its principles purport. of the religion the leading concepts of Part II. analyses and the of the the doctrines the Veda, Vedanta, philosophy of Buddhism, together with "some aphoristic contributions" were possible for a towards reply to the inquiry, how far it these to take root in the soil of modern European thought, were The author weighs banished. the claims Christianity to be, a base to be called, and to continue of Christianity of European culture, aud finds them wanting. Religion the autonomy of practical which will survive it. Religion,
638 morality has his cannot
is not only social, but (since man replace in depth life, his Fur-sich-leben increasing his culture the higher and ideals)? and pervasiveness traditions, must die before religion, as a series of dogmatic " a as self-chosen self-conscious, religion, ethico-metaphysical view of life and the universe," guidance of conduct, yielding can develop. inner
In the greater offspring of the pure nature-worship of the doctrine of universal in the Vedantist Veda, self, as well as in the serene mastery over, not mortification of, emotion to external and susceptibility inculcated influences, by the writer finds a depth of psychological Buddhism, insight Fichte The and moral he latter's could wisdom instances doctrine he with unequalled as having of future shaken have made elsewhere. and Berkeley some approach to it. existence would amount to
Karma, of beginning
off the Western standpoint the present life. Locke, in his again, a of uneasiness doctrine (Essay II. xxi.) gives practically of tanhd. Buddhist exposition in developing his brief con Had the author succeeded with the force and lucidity contribution of his structive the value of the work would have been expositions, As it is, it can hardly fail to prove increased. indefinitely and in the way in which fruitful it suggestive eminently into Western Eastern with comparison speculation brings critical with the best sources The author's acquaintance thought. on the in European available of information, languages, on the ethics of Buddhism and is wide of India philosophy comes And he has also the insight which and accurate. of sympathy, en Asie
With
Moser,
Henri. 1894.
L'Irrigation
et economique.
Centrale,
a map.
etude
Paris,
geographique
M.
Henri
Centrale," man, and has made
Moser, began his
travers of "A l'Asie author as a young in Central Asia a good use of his rare opportunities travels
the
NOTICES OF BOOKS. for
63$
the resources of the Russian in possessions studying vast in the world. Associated that part of the projects as Kaufmann, administrators and works of such eminent he brings the fruits of a long and Anneukof, Chernaief, to bear on the interesting discussed experience questions I. he examines In Chapter the present work. of climate and soil, the gradual of dessication its surface the Aralo-Caspian basin, geology, deposits (such as loess, sand-drift, the temperature, etc.), atmospheric He gives a sketch deposits, and direction and force of wind. and hydrography, the main of the orography arteries of products, and useful plants. irrigation, agricultural Finally in the conditions reviews briefly the population, sedentary and nomadic. In Chapter II. he treats of the history of irrigation and in the its great destinies of the moulding importance on the traces of of he touches while Asia, people irriga as Merv, Khiva, in such centres tion works Ferghanah, the Hi and Zarafshan III. is of more valleys. Chapter for here author the the actual interest, present explains as now of cultivation methods are These practised. two divisible under heads: the rainfall is (1) where to raise crops, and (2) where artificial sufficient irrigation is necessary. It is on this last that the inhabitant of Central Asia is mainly for his subsistence. dependent the whole ad the root of the unwritten law handed down from generation to customary a serves as It also basis of taxation. generation. Imperial examined in detail the systems of Having irrigation in the of Zarafshan and pursued provinces (Chapter IV) Bokhara M. Moser in summarizes, (Chapter V.), conclusion, of irrigation and the schemes devised the future prospects of the country. for the development If it be admitted, he that under former and remarks, conquerors instability for the morrow on public weighed uncertainty heavily and prevented the development of resources, enterprise on Russia to create a new it is incumbent of system the of based on modern science and conquests irrigation water The governs all-important supply ministration of the country, and is at he
640 the experience
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. gained by the natives . . . The ancient
of Central Asia and legendary not only will prosperity come to life again, but it may and ought to be surpassed. the wish and conviction With that it may and will do so, concludes his book. M. Moser K D, M.
The
Tarikh-i-Jadid, Muhammad Hamadan. G. Browne,
or New the Bab. Translated
History By Mirza
of MIrza Huseyn
'Alt of
from the Persian
Edited M.A., M.B. the University Press. Cambridge, done no more, character to make
by Edward for the Syndics of 1893. known
Had Mr. Browne of the Babis and
the
publish the remarkable papers sect which in the appeared five years Journal Asiatic of the Royal ago Society's the warm acknowledgment (1889), he would have deserved and students of Oriental But he of Orientalists history. has rendered further service of similar kind and in the same and by the Society's Journal our he enriched 1892, April, separate publication. on the texts edited by remarks pages with his valuable in the Collections Scientifiques of the Baron Victor Rosen cause, both by medium of In and to these, in the Oriental Institute, added and he his elaborate October, analysis following July which he had before omitted to notice, of certain manuscripts but the contents of which, he was of opinion, should, for " Towards and stated." be many reasons, clearly succinctly the of the end of 1891 he edited, for the Syndics Cambridge " the Traveller's Narrative," Press, illustrating University of the Bab, set forth in the original Persian the Episode as an English translation of his own with text as well St. Petersburg
explanatory notes. We now propose to say a few words on a
the story than literature, this persecuted bearing upon and October numbers July of their
later in date than any Press of the Cambridge publication It is has here been made. reference of those to which " or New History." called the Tdrikh-i-Jadid
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 641 the particulars of the feud which, in recent years, has the outside prestige of divided the Babi camp, and weakened of its old leader, the sect, owing to the partial supersession Subh-i-Ezel, by the more active and energetic Beha'u'llah, to the introduction of the present the reader is referred For volume, together with are full of information which previous writings, and instruction on the subject. The seem does not the death of Beha'u'llah, controversy, pending to have materially changed the character of the situation or to restore authority to his opponent. As to the contributed ascertained outcome of the conflict in these days, Mr. Browne
:?
its author's
writes
" While influence, exceed,
in power and the Beha'is have been ever waxing so that their numbers now probably reach, or even half a million the Ezelis have been ever souls,
time it is doubtful until at the present whether waning, in all they amount to a few hundreds. It is even doubtful in any whether the recent death of Beha will contribute to the restoration of their former fortunes, sensible measure though Ezel still lives and numbers amongst his supporters, at least, one or two men of energy and ability." The appearance of the Tdrikh-i-Jadid the more among for is thus accounted literature, specimens of Babi in Professor Browne's Introduction. One Haji Mirza Jani, a merchant an of Kashan, early disciple of the Bab, Mirza " was Muhammad remarkable for his enthusiastic 'Ali, devotion to the new religion." After giving many proofs of
sincere attachment to his master and that master's memory,
notable
in the course
of a brief
but
became acquainted with " he suffered martyrdom
the prominent Babis), on for the faith at Teheran 1852." two the that inter 15th, years September During vened between his Chief's death and his own, he composed a voluminous work under the strange title of "The Point on the "doctrines and history of the religion" of Kaf," which he professed. The manuscript of this composition is in its entirety, at in the Bibliotheque Nationale forthcoming, record of the Paris, and is of high value as a contemporary
j.ra.s. 1894. 42
busy almost all
career
(during which
he
642
notes
of the
quarter. will arise Jani was
successor, to the set up claim of the Subh-i-Ezel, headship community, more run the influential would the have risk Beha'u'llah, by been made public as it stood. of harm, had this document to the plans and pretensions" It was "practically dangerous in the eyes of a necessary, that Mirza Jani's of the old history powerful majority, be superseded by a revised, Bab and his apostles "should 'New History' and amended (Tarikh-i-Jadid), expurgated, of the latter; and it became and every fact, doctrine, omitting carefully or to the to of calculated Beha, injure policy expression give offence to his followers) should preserve, and even supplement derived from fresh sources, the substance with new material which, while of the earlier in Browne, Mirza categorically put by himself, whose name is openly connected with, of Hamadan, Huseyn and appears on the title-page of, the book under notice, was a young Persian in the suite of Nasiru'd-din Shah on the occasion of his Majesty's first visit to Europe. After he fell upon evil days, for he was his return to Teheran According to questions reply obtained released he found employ imprisoned in that city. When at ment in the office of one Manakji Limji, the Parsi Agent a and withal the capital, a worldly, busy, plodding literary to write commissioned man, by whom he was eventually This was of the Babis. the particular work a history but the more less intended to supplant genuine politic the reputed author it into execution In carrying memoir. access to Mirza Jani's appears to have had ready manuscript and putting together his facts and history, but in selecting he must have been somewhat hampered materials by the master. his Zoroastrian Another and of ap supervision a was in the abler assistant certain composition parently Mirza of whose Abu'l Fazl, intelligence a expresses high opinion. of time of the question Independently Mr. and Browne space, an chronicle." to information for Mr.
but political questions early days of Babi-ism; even amidst religious and as Mirza environment, the determined upholder of the Bab's immediate
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
643
analysis of events recorded would hardly be an appropriate course to pursue in of the narrative before us, disposing which in some instances, of fragments consists, pieced or variations in others of repetitions of a fore together, a perusal of the whole volume may be text. But going and would recommended, student of religions and repay the assuredly in the East. schisms interested However
faulty its literary method may appear, judged by a European its pages, vivid there are, scattered standard, throughout and reflections, descriptions, touching eloquent appeals, if not always curious credible The massacre episodes. of the garrison of Sheikh Tabarsi for a supplies material horrible of many tale like of Persian But this is one only treachery. we would in which fain hope illustrations, of authenticated the is precedents, picture A short descriptive be may paragraph It
that, in spite over-coloured. quoted in extenso. when passed Shah's the Babi
refers to the close of the sad story, in of a deceitful chief, invitation, acceptance a with to the quarters of the few followers, over, :? Commander the to
a
"After of the usual compliments, the interchange to order his followers Prince requested Jendb-i-Kuddus
lay down their arms, because these were a menace and
so request he urged sent to orders his finally persistently men to lay aside their weapons, which orders were cheerfully and willingly Then the soldiers gathered up tho obeyed. arms and weapons and bore them away. Before this was done the Prince had ordered breakfast to be brought for the Babis. to eat, the But when these sat down unarmed soldiers surrounded them and fired a volley upon them, and then rushed in amongst the survivors, for giving the draught of martyrdom. refreshment Then they seized and those who were with him. A strango Jendb-i-Kuddus of fear troops. that Jendb-i-Kuddus the This and welcome did they show to these poor people! hospitality After suffered such hunger that they had for three months even that failed them, eat would and grass, they willingly were on to a feast, yet ere they of God bidden the Word they
cause
to
644 had tasted a
their hunger was appeased with single morsel so And much of their blood was collected in a bullets! a that the truth of hollow of the ground, tradition which affirms that in that land shall be such bloodshed that a horse in gore, was made manifest" shall wade knee-deep (pp. 86-7). Some pages distinguished the soldiers by a process further Babi, of Prince on we read of the death, at Niriz, of a whose of person Seyyid Yahya,
named
had become possessed Firuz Mirza of treachery much resembling the last narrated. to The executioner refused his fulfil task, it was having a to find is thus substitute. What followed necessary described:? "One who had lost two brothers in the earlier part of the a war, and therefore cherished said, 'I deep resentment, will kill him.' And he loosed the shawl wherewith Seyyid was it and drew Yahya girt, cast it round his neck, And and others beat his sticks with tight. holy body till it hither and thither over the plain, stones, dragging his soul soared falcon-like of Paradise. to the branches skinned Then it, they severed his head from the body, with ment it with straw, and sent it, with other heads, along the captives to Shiraz. And they sent an announce to Prince Nusratu'd and triumph of their victory a their for And and fixed Dawla, entry into Shiraz. day on the appointed drew when the near, city was day they were and the themselves decorated, busy enjoying people stuffed and making merry, most of them having come out from the " town to meet the victorious troops and gaze on the captives {pp. 123-4). to the second One more extract of a passage relating Niriz war is taken from the MS. of the Tdrikh-i-Jadid in the and deposited by Mr. Sidney Churchill, at is of the It foot of Museum. British Library given :? 128-31 pages and were "The Babis always gallantly fought most a at after victorious, until they desperate resistance, length, obtained were overcome and suffered martyrdom. Their persecutors,
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
645
having women
captured and killed the men, seized and slew forty and children in the following manner: They placed them in the midst of a cave, heaped up in the cave a vast quantity of firewood, poured naphtha over the faggots strewed around, and set fire to it. One of those who took two or three 'After part in this deed related as follows:
and removed the door from days I ascended that mountain the cave. I saw that the fire had sunk down to the ashes; but all those women with their children were seated, each in some corner, clasping their little ones to their bosoms, and round in a circle, just as they were when we left sitting them. in despair or in mourning, had Some, as though suffered their heads to sink down on their knees in grief, I was the postures they had assumed. had not the fire burned that amazement, thinking them. Full and awe I entered. of apprehension Then I saw that all were burned and charred to a cinder, yet cause the had they never made a movement which would as soon I of As touched the bodies. away crumbling to them with my crumbled hand, however, away they seen we ashes. And had all of us, when this, repented "' But of what avail was this ? what we had done. are interesting and to the narrative Four Appendices in it which the first relates to passages While important. to translate, the has not thought Mr. Browne necessary and all retained filled with with especial Jani's History, second treats of Haji Mirza has the "New History" reference to those passages which or is Mr. third The modified. Appendix suppressed " of the Babi translation Browne's of a Succinct Account Movement," Our author account for him by Subh-i-Ezel. expressly " of such an the On says: rightly importance a source it is unnecessary to such from coming of the it is almost as though, we had a narrative written
dwell; That of Islam told by 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib. first beginnings so valuable a document I should deserved publication will, no one." The original Persian MS. think, be questioned by of the writer, which is bound up with the remaining contents of the volume, after the Index, is also published separately.
646
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. of
IV. is a collection Appendix: one being a letter fac-similes: the nomination of Subh-i-Ezel
and documents original one from the Bab himself; one a to succeed the Bab; and one a letter from letter from the Bab's amanuensis; a very Joan of Arc in the the renowned Kurratu'l'-Ayn, the lucid intro section remains:
estimation of her co-religionists. have already alluded to and quoted We " One more duction to the New History," The
is part of the translated book itself, which Preface, to the writer's in its incidental is perplexing references a certain and in of soupcon thought European identity,
It might finds way amid the lines. involuntarily as a tract for distribution almost be utilized among educated be by thera re-distributed and interpreted Persians?to in their less civilized More brethren. among dignified drama of Mirza 'Ali Fath than the satirical character which Derbendi, of the Shah's into the language ably rendered Ji'afir Mirza haply might Adarbaijani?it subjects, by combine with this last to open the eyes of young Persia to the foibles of their countrymen; in which case no small in of a healthy been the taken have would direction step
reform.
F.
J. G.
The 1894:?
following
appeared
in the Academy
of May
12th,
Sanskrit
Literature
in
India.
will be glad to hear that the fine of Vedanta Students on the Brihaddrauyaka of Suresvara's large vdrtika the Anandasrama been has which from bhdshya, issuing now of 2075 It at is consists Press Poona, qomplete. edition with 144 pages of index pages of text and commentary, a of the to first The lines. index was preparation am labour not aware of the herculean and I indeed, It was under* of another of equal magnitude. existence taken at my suggestion, and will prove of great value to
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
647
to quotation-hunters. and especially The publi students, itself has long been a desideratum, cation of the work since every writer of the advaitav&din school has drawn from it freely; it contains and, moreover, important as my friend Mr. K. B. Paihak to Dharmakirti, allusions a great mistake, knows. Dr. Burnell made therefore, when he wrote it: (in his Tanjore Catalogue) regarding "This work is of very little interest, as it simply consists of Sankara's verse." arguments put into rather doggerel The Anandasrama Press has already given us Suresvara's vartika on the Taittiriya-bh&shya, and his Naishkarmya edited by myself for the Bombay Sanskrit so that the Mdnasolldsa and Panchikarana-vdrtika Series, are now the of his that remain unpublished. only writings Perhaps Mr. Apte will give us these, Another important sent forth from the same press treatise is the recently of of 1061 text and Sutasamhitd, pages consisting with 86 of index to first lines. The compiler comment, of the latter, however, would seem to have been a novice at that kind of thing, as is evidenced, for instance, by his method the words Yatsvarupam of dealing with avijndya, occur ten times on p. 646. which But these are trifles, and merely show that Pandits have not yet learned to all the editorial are attained to which niceties we
accustomed here.
siddhi
was
It would, perhaps, be heresy to assert that our friends still need extraneous in Calcutta aid or supervision in as politics, such trifling matters or in the for instance, concerns of local government; somewhat more weighty but art of require it in the all-important urgently a We is should not self-evident book-making proposition. then have, had 1300 pages of demy-octavo put into one as ease in the of the volume, unwieldy recently completed or %h6 still greater Varaha of 1700 Purdna; enormity a of the same size thrust into of the volume pages single - chintdmani. Nor the would Chaturvarga highly-esteemed who Pandit edited and Bh&shya the Mlmdmsd Sutras to send forth the second volume of the have been allowed they that
648 work without at the helm.
notes
df
the
quarter.
a title-page, if an English scholar had been I wrote and suggested that that important and in due course one arrived; prefix should be provided, but it was for the whole work, comprising 780 plus 822 and of 123 of the crowning indexes! But text, pages feat of all was the publication of TaTanatha Tarkava
of 5442 pages of royal chaspati's grand Sanskrit Lexicon a into volumes! quarto, without single break for division A of work successful however, conspicuous example, is without to in the found be manship foreign guidance of the Press of Bombay, which, publications Nimayasagara in and splendid to issue, in capital style, most of the literary treasures of India. It is to this press that we are indebted for really of the editions trustworthy on best works from and of the minor Alankdra poems their authors drew so many of their illustrations? which continues
such, for example, as Haravijaya, Kuttanimata, Bhallata
spite of of the
the
lamented Pandit
death, of its who was
founder energetic the chief editor, valuable specimens
and others which were Sataka, Devisataka, GdthdsaptaSaU, never are available before. The latest works on Poetics and Alankdrasarvasva Chitra Ruyyaka's Appadikshita's to these, we had from the same source Prior mimdmsd. Vamana's Dhvanydloka Alankdrasutras with with with vritti, Anandavardhana's Abhinavagupta's the comment Rudrafas Commentary, of Namisadhu, Jagan and Govind's Kdvyapradipa, with To com the Uddharana-chandrikd.
Kdvyalankdra natha's Rasagangddhara, from copious extracts the plete Udbhatfa's work,
of the publication urge strongly in Jesalmir, discovered by Mr. Buhler at Poona, in the collection and also of and deposited if it can Anandavardhana's Prdkxit poem, Panchabdnalild, be found. With the aid of such standard works as these, we are able to correct several of Vallabhadeva's mistakes as to the authorship in his of the passages contained Subhdshitdvali; the late Pandit I met with already been partly Prasad. The other day, Durga statement of Vallabhadeva's another and this has by however, which done
set I would
NOTICES OF BOOKS. needs
649
ascribes his verse 43 to a poet He investigation. is who at Amritadatta, supposed to have flourished the court of Shahbuddin of Kashmir, whose date is given as 1352 a.d. same verse, however, This by Cunningham is quoted in his Alankdrasarvasva by Ruyyaka (p. 159), to the beginning which Dr. Buhler of the twelfth assigns some friend kindly crack this Will century. chronological nut for us? named and The Bombay Sanskrit Series maintains its high character, would its own anywhere. hold its recent Among a issues is a second edition of Bhimacharya's Nydyakosa, volume only The of 267 the former edition As pages. a new work this is pages, practically a of such book could not preparation 1036
splendid contained
altogether. have been as he tells
Nyaya the pleasure brother
the learned compiler having, hands, a us, made study of the works of the life-long and Vaiseshika schools of philosophy. I never had of meeting Bhimacharya, who was a but learned I knew his
in better
Vedantist. Janardanacharya, Another out work is two parts, in vol. i., important just of Pardsara Smviti with Sayawa's commentary, edited by Pandit Vaman are given Sastri Islampurkar. References to as many as of the well-nigh innumerable quotations could be traced, and a list of authors and works quoted to each volume, from is appended and an index to the "an I have said but that is a index," quotations. an instead of list of all the for, misnomer; alphabetical we have in each volume, quotations each author arranged in separate lists. one has 136, and part two 154, distinct This the citations from part Consequently, lists of quotations.
them practically strange method makes for, valueless, one knew unless a quotation the author from which is have to examine hundreds of lists. A made, one might little European here would undoubtedly have experience
been of value.
Let Sanskrit
us now
VHistoire
turn to Benares, with its three streams of literature. The last number of the Revue de des Religions contained the following disquieting
650 statement
to the Benares in reference Sanskrit Series, and is under the superintendence of Profs. Griffith " une me de vient information Thibaut: D'apres qui ne se confirmera mais encore, Tlnde, pas, qui, je l'espere I serait maintenant arr^tee." cette excellente publication was the that this and fear that information correct, which It is a to two. streams have been, or will be, reduced at least of Kumarila's that one volume thousand pities should not have been completed before the Tantravdrtika we as ten series collapsed; it is, have fasciculi, comprising 960 pages, a sentence, unbound, of last of which breaks off in the middle and so it must and no title-page; remain, to the a melancholy in our bookcases, monument The Vizi in Benares! of literary ventures the
instability Sanskrit in 1890, Series, which anagram opened briskly to his the guidance under of Prof. Venis, has, owing a in Europe, check. Let absence temporary experienced us hope last that it may The hold its long ground.
volumes issued were Vidyarawya's Vivaranaprameya-sangraha
a commentary. Our with Saptapaddrthi Sivaditya's a has decided into old The very Pandit, friend, got It used to give us every month muddle. portions of four or five works and a general continuous with paging, each for index the annual volume. however, Now, case as with is the separate portion has separate paging, of Bombay, the Kdvyamdld and any ordinary mind would and that this was with a view to separate binding, suppose of and index. each having its own title-page Nothing and we have this the kind, however, was contemplated; each of separately-paged fearful pieces, conglomeration a stuck in of the middle off sentence, yet breaking together happened with oan have a general index as before. What this to the presiding aged periodical ? genius of G. A. Jacob, Colonel.
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
051
Notes
on African North
Philology.
I. Professor the German valuable "Die Professor

Sweden
Africa. of Vienna, Reinisch, at three Vienna language Leo
in published a most of parts In Upsala 1881 in
has
book, 204 pages. Africa." in Nord-Ost Bedauye-Sprache at Hermann Almkvist published

his well-known volume.
Bischari-Sprache of Professor Reinisch
"Die
This new volume Tu-Bedauie." a to our know is valuable addition
and of Texts and Grammatical Notes, ledge, consisting to the Hamitic The language belongs including Dialects. in the regions betwixt and is spoken the Upper Family, Nile Basin and the Red Sea. in the Italian IL Tigre is the chief language spoken " on the African the Red Eritrea" Sea. bank of colony It is, with the exception the most of Arabic, extensively of Semitic Its field is between spoken origin. language the 16 and 18 degrees of N. It has no written latitude. and it is only in recent years that it has been literature, made the subject of philological research, while its southern sister language Tigrina was brought more than twenty years the pale of Unguistical ago within Captain M. analysis. " an outline Manuale Tigre-Italiano," Camperio's comprising and Grammar, Dialogues serve practical purposes to is intended intercourse only by facilitating between his countrymen and the Abyseinians. The Lazarist " J. Schreiber's Father de la langue Tigrai," the Manuel second part of which has recently been published at Vienna six years after the first, is a work of more ambitious aims. It deals, like the work but dialect, Tigrina from the its materials as it is spoken and used used differs of Professor with the Prsetorius, from that work by deriving both living language exclusively in correspondence. The Character two Vocabularies,
is the Amharic, has also been employed which in The second part contains Tigrifia the present work. letters with a French The notes, and a vocabulary. translation,
652
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. done at the celebrated leaves printing to be nothing
execution, typographical office of Ad. Holzhausen desired.
at Vienna, East
Africa. In this Region the Society for Promoting Christian a great many has published small books in Knowledge for the use of Missionary the different languages Societies. from which I regard The point of view, them on this III. certainly of represent advancing, knowledge names even were a of which the unknown Vernaculars, a no use out is There in of century ago. quarter setting as the Student will find them the names of these works, of the Society under in the Catalogues their respective these are of the Bantu Family the Megi, the languages: Yao, this
and
occasion,
is purely philological, an advanced, and
and
they
do
the Nganga, the Swahili, Victoria includes region

the country between. The
the Gogo, and the Ganda; and Lake Nyasa Nyanza

books are real, prepared
by men
studies.
in the Field,
not
by Scholars
in their European
Africa. I have on my table a revised edition of the Grammar, of the Zulu by the Rev. Lewis Grout, American Missionary, the is the chief amidst the many language language; IV. and this Bantu forms of speech in South Africa, to be desired. leaves nothing late D Troop B.S.A. Company's V. To Mr. M. E. Weale, we a are for small Vocabulary, at indebted Police, published the Kalaka of Tab&e and languages spoken in Cape Town, and The Ma-Tabele-land. of book consists Ma-Shona-land use of Prospectors thirty-two pages, and is intended for the in the Ma-Shona-land. There are manifest and Farmers in these languages; it is a first effort, and Zulu affinities no doubt will be followed by more serious productions. noble book has published outlines VI. The Rev. A. M. Hartman a Grammar of another Dialect in Ma-Shona-land. spoken This is but another drop of a coming shower. of
South
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
653
West VII. In
Africa.
the Quarterly Bulletin it is proposed Society graphical from Notes of Bantu languages
of the American Geo a series of to publish the pen of the accom his experiences M. Hele lie in Scholar Chatelain: plished on the West the Portuguese of Coast south Colony Angola 3 of the series reached me a few of the Equator. No. and their Language." This is days ago: "The Ma-Yaka the first appearance of a new language; the geographical position of
and a the tribe who speak it is indicated, are and brief Grammatical Notes appended. Vocabulary The late Colonel Ellis, of the First Battalion of VIII. in West India Regiment, stationed the West Africa, north has contributed in the British of the Equator, Colonies, an on the " Yariba-speaking volume Peoples important on The of the Slave-Coast of West Africa.". chapters are most and tales valuable. Folklore Proverbs, Language, and should and Hall, London, It is published by Chapman find a place in all Libraries. IX. The various useful publications, by the East London on the Congo and Foreign for Home Institute Missions, of languages, have recently Family Group of the Bantu " received a valuable accession in a Guide to the Lu-Nkundu This language by J. and F. T. McKittrick. Language" the the Ki-Lolu Ba-Nkundu in is spoken along with by of bend the in the where the Ba-Lolo great Congo country The two differ dialecti northwards. it crosses the Equator to a short in addition The Manual comprises, cally only. '
Grammar, with Texts, conversations, reading-lessons, and
two Vocabularies, and is intended to be a companion volume to J. B. Eddie's Lolo Vocabulary. " und ihre Bezeich Die Tone der Neger-Sprachen, X. von : erortert J. G. Christaller, Basle, Switzerland." nung on an of nineteen is a short Pamphlet This pages important qualified and Scholar, intricate whose subject experience by singularly is in the Field. a well
654
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. General
Subject.
to the general contributed an of and Africa interesting languages subject of fifty-nine under the title "Die valuable Pamphlet pages von J. G. Christaller, It Stuttgard." Sprachen Afrikas: a a to the of contribution Ninth in is, fact, separate copy XI. The Scholar has of the and Tenth Annual Report of the Wurtemburg Society of Commercial Geography. The Rev. Lewis XII. on African XIII.
same
to the Chicago Congress. in every I published, the help of friends with two volumes and North of Africa, America, my Europe, part " " : with carefully pre of Africa of the Modern Languages of Languages, and Authorities. Dialects, pared Appendices In 1881 They
numerous
Languages In conclusion to allude to my own contribution
Grout contributed a valuable Essay to the Chicago Congress of 1893. I may perhaps be permitted briefly
were
favourably
writers.
received,
Twelve years
and have
had
been
quoted
away,
by
and
passed
a great number of additional books had been published, me with a copy. It honoured authors the and invariably was too soon for a second edition of my book before so it occurred to me the lapse of a quarter of a century, an Essay and French to publish in the English languages " on the Progress of African Philology from 1881 to 1893," all the additional with pages, naming Appendices forty-eight books it has been in that interval of time; published to whom and will the person help greatly appreciated, a revised edition of it falls in the next century to publish Book. Robert May 7th, 1894. Hon. N. Cust, Secretary.
my
V. Presented
Additions
to the
Library.
by the India Pt. Indica.
Office. 2. Vol. Fasc. 3. 1. Pts. 1 and 2.
The Bower MS. Epigraphia
additions Presented The by the Trustees Sanskrit,
to
the
library.
655
Museum, Presented Sacred
Pali, by C. Bendall. by the Clarendon Press. Books the East. of Pt of Sutras. 3. the By By
of the British Museum. and Prakrit Books in the British 4to. London, 1893.
Vol.
41.
Satapatha
Brahmana, Sacred Books
East.
Mahayana Presented Alexander
Oxford, 1894. 49. Buddhist E. B. Cowell, Max Muller, etc. 8vo. Oxford, 1894. Vol.
J. Eggeling. 8vo.
by the Authors. (Gen. G. G.).
Crooke (W.). and Folklore
8vo. London, 1890. Confucius. to the Popular Introduction Religion of Northern India.
8vo. Allahabad, 1894. und Alttesta Erdkunde Haug (H.). Vergleichende mentlich geographische Weltgeschichte. 4 to. Got ha, 1894. on Lectures Hindu (E. C). Yogasastri Religion, and 8vo. 1893. Yoga. Calcutta, Philosophy, De Goeje Kitab at-Tanblh w'al Ischraf of al (J.). Mas'udi. 8vo. 1894. Lug.-Bat., of the Mogul Coins of (C. J.) Rodgers Emperors India. 8vo. 1894. Calcutta, Coin Collecting in Northern India. (C. J.). Rodgers Plunkett English, Taylor Cobham (Colonel Hindustani, G. 8vo. Allahabad, 1894. Conversation Manual in T.). and Pashtu. Persian, 8vo. (Rev. G. P.). Gujarati Grammar. 1893. 1894. 1884. Trans. 1894. London, 1875.
Banerji
8vo. Sural, of (C. D.). Bibliography Cyprus. 8vo. Nicosia, Grammar. (Kalipada). Bengali Post 8vo. Calcutta, Elements of Metaphysics. 8vo. London,
Deussen (Prof. P.). by C. M. Duff.
656 Presented Houtsma
NOTES OF THE QUARTER. by the Leiden University. Tiirkisch-Arabisches (Th.). Handschrift. by theHibbert Trustees. Bases of Religious (C. B.). by the Publishers. (Prof. R. K.). (J. D.).
Glossar 8vo.
nach
der
Leidener Presented Upton Presented Douglas Rees Presented
Leiden,
1894.
Belief. 8vo. London, 1894.
Society
in China. Svo. London, 1894. a.d. 1001-1761 London, 1894.
The Muhammedans, Post
8vo.
Kumaradasa. Nizami's
by theEditors. Janaklharana. "Loves
Edited by Haridas 8vo. Sastri. Calcutta, 1893. Translated of Laili and Majnun." 16mo. London, 1894.
by J. Atkinson. Presented Cunha by Dr. Codrington. (J. Gerson da). History by Professor (Dr. J. Tche'raz. von).
of Chaul 8vo.
and Bassein. 1876.
Bombay,
Presented
Tamamchef
um Constanti Kampf 8vo. Wien, 1887. nopel. Der
Purchased.
Jacob Clough. Kittel Price Aufrecht Monier
(Col. G. A.).
Vedantasara.
8vo.
Bombay,
1894.
Sinhalese-English (F.). Kannada-English
Dictionary. Roy. Columbo, 1887-92.
(Major D.). (Th.). Williams
Dictionary. 4to. Mangalore, 1894. 3 vols. Muhammedan History. 4to. London, Leipzig, 1811. 1892. Dic 1851. Sanskrit MSS. 8vo. (Sir M.).
Florentine
tionary.
English-Sanskrit 4to. London,

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Notes of the Quarter (April, May, June, 1894) Source: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

General 10th April,

Professor d'Oldenburg, of St. University Petersburg, of the Society. member Serge

J. A. Baines, CS.L, The India." paper will

Anniversary Meeting, Tuesday, Hon. the Lord Reay (President)

Sardar Sir Atar

the loss by death,

27. Hon. Dr. 28. Mr. Hem 29. Mr.

31. Mr. 32. Mr.

R.E. Peshotan San j ana.

exposition. to be able Society who adds to his other

NOTES OF THE QUARTER. in 1892 and ?30 of

officers for election five gentlemen

*1*88 * b (H. THOMSON LYON.

\ i fH ^-fi?jJ"T~ E 11! II : Jou"?on.::: 9 ? = ::: .:" v

ABSTRACT OF RECEIPTS FOR EXPENDITURE AND THE YEAR 1893.

3 (in advance) ... Sale 1 (arrears) .0 3 foals 4 18 . 0 Pamphlets. gas 3 0 of

0 New Books Receipts passed

12 Cash Petty into

Miscellaneous 1 8 48 . .... ...

Vice-Presidency, Sir Thomas of Chinese President

F. Wade, G.C.M.G., in the University of this Society, and

Professor K.CB., of Cambridge, past LL.D., Principal of past President

they will in Century

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

it points to and those who between getting

him, show us and Hinduism into

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

very happy could thus tinction not always possible

to his great valuable

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

Lord, Ladies, pleasure in proposing My

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

590 Germany, interested and

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

NOTES OF THE QUARTER. Cowell's Mr. of

that it are able

members, do to make accessible of study

592 meeting presume morning, its being altering

NOTES OF THE QUARTER. In the

June 12th, 1894.?E. the Chair.

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

1. Professor William Robertson Smith.?On at Christ's after last, College, Cambridge,

596 did he not suffice

learned much Hebrew; to learn German partly

he (wherein and writing

afterwards it not only

PROFESSOR WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH. fo pursue acquainted his Semitic studies

and that in advantage, from attacking problems

to the leading workers of regular summaries

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

PROFESSOR WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH. him the Doctorate of Law. In

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

yon grosser selbst kennt arabischen

PROFESSOR WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH. the

602 underlying appropriate one That

so wise in counsel, us which none among

so swift can fill.

of help, leaving a as he lay Often, did we bring to him

GENERAL ROBERT MACLAGAN.

604 year at Torquay. a chill; this was

NOTES OF THE QUARTER.

188 * b (H. THOMSON LYON.