2011

30

2
2

Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering

February
Vol 30

2011
No 2

710072

TK83

1003-8728 2011 02-0173-08

Misalignment in Drive Train of Wind Turbines

Liao MingfuLiang YuanyuanWang SijiWang Yankai
Institute of Monitoring and Control for Rotating Machinery and Wind TurbinesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072

Abstract Misalignment in the drive train of wind turbines often appears in practice It will lead to dynamic loads
on bearings in gear boxes and in generatorsand it will further cause violent vibrations in wind turbines Therefore
the misalignmentespecially between the high speed shaft of a gear box and the shaft of a generatoris one of the
major causes for the damages of bearings and gear boxes in wind turbines In this paper the causes of misalignment
in the drive train of wind turbines are analyzed They could be attributed to unsuitable designmanufacturing
errorsrough installation in nacelledifferent deformations of elastic rubber dampers supporting generators and gear
boxesundesired deformation of the chassis of the nacelle under operation and so on The misalignment between the
high speed shaft of a gear box and the shaft of a generator gives rise to dynamic loads which are not only related to
rotational speedbut to wind speed and to structural condition of couplings
Key words wind turbine drive train misalignment bearing gear box dynamic load vibration

1. 5 MW

7. 6 m

4

2010 01 20

1960
mfliao@ nwpu edu cn

2
1

174

30

ISO2811990
5%

15%

VEM1. 5MW
0. 02 mm

2. 1

2
M

20
4
1

2. 1. 1

M a = Mcos

M r = Msin
2

a
r

M
M r

175

180 270
90

2
M r = M
3
M M r
1. 5 MW
1750 r / min M = 8189 N m =
1. 0 M r = 143 Nm = 3. 0M r = 429 Nm
M r

Ff = Mr / lf

Fc = Mr / lc

l f l c

4
6

6 4
F1 Rsin + F2 Rsin ( + / 3 ) +
F3 sin ( + 2 / 3 ) = M r

F2 = F1 ( + / 3 )
F3 = F1 ( + 2 / 3 )
9
F1 = F0 sin = F0 sin t
F0 = 2M r / 3R = 2M / 3R

10
11

4
33%
3

3 4
4
= t
+ 90 + 180 + 270 4
4 F i i =
1
234 F i
= t

F1 Rsin + F2 Rsin ( + / 2 ) = M r 6
R
F2 = F1 ( + / 2 )
F1 = F0 sin = F0 sin t

F0 = M r / R = M / R
8
3 4
2

2. 1. 2

2 4
M r
6

l = R 1 cos = R 1 cos t

12

2
3
s ti i = 1
6

F li = s ti l = s ti R 1 cos + i 1
3

s ti R 1 cos t + i 1
3

)]

)] =
13

176

s ti R [ 1

i =1

Fa =

cos t + i 1
3

F li R [ 1

i =1

)] =
F R [ 1 cos ( t + i 31 ) ]
(

cos +

i 1
3

15

li

i =1

13 14
Mt =

s ti R

i =1

3
i 1
2cos t +
2
3

1
i 1
cos2 t +
2
3

) ] = 9s R

t0

[ 32

2cos t +

1
cos 2 t
2

]=

3
2
2
s R + 2 s t1 R cos t
2 t1

2
20
s t1 R cos 2 t /2
1

1 2

1 2

( 9s

ti

Mt =

s t1 R

) ] = 6s R 14

P Px'

30

)+

16

ti

1 2

1 2

2. 2

2
s ti R
F a Mt

2
s ti R

F a Mt

s ti = s ti M

2. 2. 1 M

17

6 6

6 1

F t = M /6R

5
18

s t1 = s t 0 s t1

s t 0 5 s t 0 =
5

s ti /5 s t1 1

i =1

s t 0 R [ 1

i =1
6

R M
F t

F r = F t tan

cos t + i 1
3

)]

s t1 R 1 cos t = 6s t 0 s t1 R +
19
s t1 R cos t

s t 0 R2 [ 3

2
i =1
6

Mt =

21

22

= 0 /20
6

Fa =

( (

2cos t +

1
cos 2 t + i 1
2
3

i 1
3

) )]

)+
6

F =

F t

+ F2r

=
t F =
7

F t

+ F2r

177

31
F x = 0

30

M

M
F y

30
F y R
q = L l cos2 0 /2 F y
q = L l cos2 0 /2 = 2Rsincos2
= 0 /2

F t F F t

23
cos t / L l
L l
22
1
dF r = F t
d
24
cos2
23
24
1
1
cos t
25
F r = F t
F t
Ll
cos2
cos2 0 /2
y x
2
cos t
26
F r y = F r cos t = F t
2
L l cos 0 /2
cos t sin t
27
F r x = F r sin t = F t
L l cos2 0 /2
6
6

F y =

F r y k =
k =1

2
cos t + k 1

Ft

k =1

L l cos2 0 /2

32
dq
= 2Rcos3 2cossin2
d

32

33

0
6
= arctan 35 0 = 70
2
3

6 0 60

0
L l

6

30 31 1
2 6

2. 2. 2

6 8
6

28

F x =

cos t + k 1

3
3
L l cos2 0 /2

sin t + k 1

F r x k

k =1

Ft

k =1

29
21

F y =

F r y k

k =1

3 F t
M
=
L l cos2 0 /2
2RL l cos2 0 /2

30

4 4
9

178

30

6 4 6

) (

F x = s t k t+k1 cos2 t+k1 +

3
3
k =1
k
2
s l ( t + k 1 ) sin ( t + k 1 )

3
3
k =1
6

34

{ (
)
( t + k 1 3 )}sin ( 2 ( t + k 1 3 ) )
6

Fy =

s l k

1
s t k t + k 1

2
3
k =1

35
F x F y x y
9

k
9 a s11 9 b
k
k
k
s12 9 c s22 9 d s21 k
= 1 6

2

10

1
2
6 s l = s l = =

s l 6 s t 1 = s t 2 = = s t 6
Fx = al sl 0 + at st 0
Fy = 0

36
37

s l 0 s t 0 a l a t 34
36 t

s l 0

s l 0

2
2
2

10

10 s l t
t s t t
t
2

6
3

1
2
6
6
s l s l s l
s t 1 s t 2 s t 6 F x F y

t
11
2
1

179

M t

m G I G
L G
s G d G

LG
LG
m Gx +
dG +
dG +
x +
x
2
2

(
) (
)
( x + L2 ) s + ( x L2 ) s = F t
L
L
L
L
I + ( x + ) d ( x ) d +
2
2
2
2
L
L
L
L
s ( x ) s = M t
x
+

(
)
2
2
2
2
G

11

1
2

m Gx + 2d G
x + 2s G x = F t

38

IG
+

38 39 m G I G

x + 2D
x + 2 x = F^ t
40

3 1

2
G

2
G

L
L

d
+ s G = M t
2 G
2

39

2
+ 2D + = M^ t

41

D x x
D x =

2d G
2 2s G m G

x =

2s G
D
mG

LG dG

D =

F t
M t

LG
2

1
2

2s G I G

2s G

IG

F^ t =

f ck cos k t

k =1

+ f sk sin k t 42

M^ t = m ck cos k t +m sk sin k t 43
k =1

mck msk F^ t
f ck f sk
^ t k N
M
40 41

x t =x ck cos k t + k + x sk sin k t + k
12

k =1

44
N

12
F t

t = ck cos k t + k + sk sin k t + k
k =1

45

180

x jk =

f jk
2
2
x k

tan k =
jk =

2kD x
k
2
x

+ 2kD x

jk
2
k

tan k =

2kD
k
2

j = cs 46
47

+ 2kD

j = cs 48
49

k =
x k =

30

F L = Fa / L

50

F R = F + Fa / L

51

F R = Fa / L

52

F L = F Fa / L

53

F L F R
F L F R
a
L L

50 52
L
F L
=
L
F R

1. 5 MW L 1 5 m L
0 3 m

46
48

54

13

12
44 45

5 1 2


6

2 2
2
13
F

1 Gasch RTwele J M
2009

2 CENTA Antriebe Kirschey GmbH CENTALINK 2008