Professional Documents
Culture Documents
cell
(MC67all + MC785all + MC586all + MC10all + MC447 + MC461)
MC67all = MC671+MC672+MC673+MC674+MC675+MC676+MC677+MC678+MC679
+MC670
MC785all = MC785a + MC785d + MC785e + MC785f (microcell)
MC586all = MC586a + MC586b + MC586c (concentric)
MC10all = MC1040 + MC1044 + MC1050
THRESHOLD Quality DL > 10%, Qual UL > 10%, Level UL > 20%, Level DL > 20%
Interf UL > 5%, Interf DL > 5%, Better Cell < 30%
COMMENT
REF NAME HCSTBPBR, HCCCELVDR, HCCCELVUR, HCCCBCPR,
HCSTEDIR, HCSTEIFDR, HCSTELVDR, HCSTEQLDR,
HCSTBDRR, HCMBBCPR, HCMCEBSR, HCMCELVDR,
HCMCBCPR, HCMCELVUR, HCSTEMIR, HCSTEIFUR,
HCSTELVUR, HCSTEQLUR, HCSTAMR, HCSTBTFR
UNIT %
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1.121
2.4 Description of global indicators
Handover standard cause distribution
t Indicator aiming at measuring the efficiency of planning / optimization
t Interesting for comparing HO distribution after concentric or micro cell
implementation
INDICATOR
(G)
DISTRIBUTION HO CAUSE STANDARD
DEFINITION Distribution of Handover attempts by standard cause : Power Budget, quality too low, level too low,
high interference and MS-BTS distance too long.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
( (MC67x) / GLOBAL HO CAUSE STANDARD)
MC67x = MC670 or MC672 or MC671 or MC673 or MC676 or MC677 or MC678 or MC674 or
(MC670+MC672) or (MC671+MC673) or (MC676+M677)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT
REF NAME HCSTEIFDSR, HCSTEIFUSR, HCSTEIFSR, HCSTELVDSR,
HCSTELVUSR, HCSTELVSR, HCSTEQLDSR,
HCSTEQLUSR, HCSTEQLSR, HCSTBPBSR, HCSTEDISR
UNIT %
1.122
2.4 Description of global indicators
Handover cause distribution
t HANDOVER CAUSE rates
62
1.123
t Global success rate of Outgoing HO
t Success rate of execution of Outgoing HO
2.4 Description of global indicators
Outgoing handover success rate
INDICATOR
(G)
OUTGOING HO SUCCESS RATE
DEFINITION Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC646 + MC656) /
cell
(MC645a + MC655a)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT This indicator includes preparation and execution.
REF NAME HOORSUR UNIT %
INDICATOR
(G)
EFFICIENCY OF OUTGOING HANDOVER EXECUTION
DEFINITION Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC646 + MC656) /
cell
(MC650 + MC660)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT This indicator takes into account HO execution only (not ho preparation).
REF NAME HOOREFR UNIT %
1.124
t Global success rate of Incoming HO
t Success rate of execution of Incoming HO
2.4 Description of global indicators
Incoming handover success rate
INDICATOR
(G)
INCOMING HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE
DEFINITION Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC642 + MC652) /
cell
(MC820 + MC830)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT
REF NAME HOIRSUR UNIT %
INDICATOR
(G)
EFFICIENCY OF INCOMING HANDOVERS
DEFINITION Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH HOs
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC642 + MC652) /
cell
(MC821 + MC831)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT Excluding congestion failures and BSS preparation failures from requests.
REF NAME HOIREFR UNIT %
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t The highest, the best is the cell
t But the traffic handled is not taken into account
2.4 Description of global indicators
Call quality factor absolute
INDICATOR
(G)
CELL QUALITY FACTOR ABSOLUTE
DEFINITION
Indicator summarizing the cell behavior and allowing the operator to sort out cell for
investigation.This indicator is based on failure events. For each part of the indicator,
twothresholds are used: Topt and TQoS. TQoS is the QoS warning threshold (e.g. above or
belowthe threshold, a warning is generated on the cell. Topt + TQoS is the optimal value
that should be acheived. Each part as a weighting factor (WF) according to the
impact on the subscribers point of view.
investigation. This indicator is based on failure events. For each part of the indicator, two
FORMULA B6.2 ((1 SDCCH CONGESTION rate) - T QoS)/ Topt * WF
+ (CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate - T QoS)/ Topt *WF
+ ((1 CALL DROP rate - TQoS)/ Topt * WF
+ (OUTGOING HO SUCCESS rate - T QoS)/ Topt * WF
+ ((1 HO QUALITY rate - TQoS)/ Topt * WF
THRESHOLD SDCCH CONGESTION rate : TQoS = 0.97, Topt = 0.03, WF = 0.1
CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate : TQoS = 0.9, Topt = 0.09, WF = 0.2
CALL DROP rate : TQoS = 0.96, Topt = 0.04, WF = 0.3
OUTGOING HO SUCCESS rate : TQoS = 0.85, Topt = 0.12, WF = 0.15
HO QUALITY rate : TQoS = 0.85, Topt = 0.1, WF = 0.25
COMMENT
REF NAME QSCQAR UNIT %
1.126
t For optimization
t Try to improve cells with the worst CQFR
2.4 Description of global indicators
Call quality factor relative
INDICATOR
(G)
CELL QUALITY FACTOR RELATIVE
DEFINITION This indicator is the Cell Quality Factor Absolute weighted by the cell traffic.Investigation should
be done in priority on the cell having a high rate of failures with high traffic (the traffic is the rate of
traffic handled by the cell over the total network traffic traffic is TCH seizure attempts)
FORMULA B7.2 CQFA * ((MC15a + MC15b + MC703)cell / (MC15a + MC15b + MC703)network)
THRESHOLD N/A
COMMENT
REF NAME QSCQRR UNIT %
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1.127
t Management indicator, maintenance oriented, assessing
l Quantity of stability problems
l Reaction time to problems
2.4 Description of global indicators
Network TCH availability
INDICATOR
(G)
NETWORK (TCH) AVAILABILITY
DEFINITION Rate of TCHs able to carry traffic (upon the total number of traffic channels)
FORMULA B7.2 (
cell
(MC250) / #Available TCH)
THRESHOLD < 95%
COMMENT #Available TCH : according to channel configuration
REF NAME TCAVAR UNIT %
1.128
t GLOBAL INDICATORS
2.4 Description of global indicators
Exercise
Indicator value OK ? Impact
SDCCH congestion 10 % NOK difficulties to establish call
Call drop 5 %
Call success 95 %
Efficiency of outgoing HO 91 %
Network TCH availability 94 %
TCH assignment failure 2,4 %
Call drop 2,3 %
SDCCH drop 2 %
HO cause distribution
(ratio of better cell)
45 %
Call success 88 %
SDCCH drop 1 %
Time allowed:
10 minutes
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2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators
1.130
2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators
Objective
t Beaware of traps and restrictions about some global indicators
t So as to be able to provide a reliable interpretation
66
1.131
2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators
Call set-up success rate / Call drop rate
t CALL SETUP SUCCESS
l The radio link establishment failure is not taken into account,
because:
most of failures during RLE are due to ghost RACH
the MS is attempting MAX_RETRANS+1 times before giving up
difficult to assess subscriber's impact, anyhow very low
t CALL DROP
l For BSS, the last stage is considered as established,
although it is not the cause from a user point of view
l If a TCH drop occurs during this phase
for the user, it is a setup failure
for the OMC-R indicators, counted as a call drop
1.132
2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators
Call duration
IMPACT OF CALL DURATION
t The longest a call is, the highest the risk to have a drop is
t If statistics are done on abnormally long or short calls, the result
can be less accurate
t Typical case: drive test
t Typical call duration: 80/90 seconds in most of European
countries
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2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators
Mobility
IMPACT OF MOBILITY
t Most of drop problems are due to mobility
l Usually 2/3 of calls are static (no HO will be done)
l For example, if 40 drops are observed for 1000 calls
40/1000 = 4% of global call drop
but most of call drops are generated by "moving calls"
40/(1000*1/3) = 40/333 = 12 % of call drop rate for moving call
0 % for static call
t Typical trap when comparing drive tests results with OMC-R
statistics
1.134
2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators
Exercise
t TRAPS AND RESTRICTIONS OF GLOBAL INDICATORS:
Case conclusion OK ? why
global call drop : 2% for 1 call of 20 mn,
The risk of drop is 2%
NOK The call duration is higher than the average
In 1 BSS, sometranscoders are
faulty : as soon as TCHs are
established on these TCs, they are
lost
The call setupsuccess
rate indicatorwill be
increased due to this
problem
In 1 network, drive test are
showinga general call drop of 7%.
The OMC-R call drop indicator is
giving 2.1%.
The OMC-R indicator
is erroneous (drive
test is the reality)
In 1 network, the global call setup
successis 92 %
For moving calls, call
setupsuccesswill be
about 76 %
In a pedestrian zone, 80 %of calls
are static
The measured call drop is 1,7 %
For taxi, calldone in
Taxi in this zone will
bedroppedat 5.1 %
Time allowed:
10 minutes
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2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
2.6 Global indicators interpretation
1.136
2.6 Global indicators interpretation
Exercise 1
Is this network OK?
N a m e v a l u e
SD C C H co n g e st i o n 1 %
SD C C H d r o p 3 %
TC H a ssi g n m e n t f a i l u r e
r a t e
2 %
C a l l d r o p 1 %
C a l l se t u p su c ce ss r a t e 9 6 %
C a l l su cce ss r a t e 9 4 %
Ef f i ci e n cy o f o u t g o i n g
H O
9 2 %
Ef f i ci e n cy o f i n co m i n g
H O
9 3 %
H O c a u se d i st r i b u t i o n
b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y
7 0 / 2 0 / 1 0
N e t w o r k TC H
a v a i l a b i l i t y
9 8 %
Time allowed:
5 minutes
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2.6 Global indicators interpretation
Exercise 2
t Can one say that :
all indicators are OK?
the coverage of the network is 95%?
the call success of all the cells are 95%
(minimum)?
N a m e v a l u e
S D C C H c o n g e st i o n 5 %
S D C C H d r o p 2 %
T C H a ssi g n m e n t f a i l u r e
r a t e
1 %
C a l l d r o p 1 %
C a l l se t u p su c c e ss r a t e 9 7 %
C a l l su c c e ss r a t e 9 5 %
E f f i c i e n c y o f o u t g o i n g
H O
9 2 %
E f f i c i e n c y o f i n c o m i n g
H O
9 2 %
H O c a u se d i st r i b u t i o n
b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y
7 5 / 1 5 / 1 0
N e t w o r k T C H
a v a i l a b i l i t y
9 8
Time allowed:
5 minutes
1.138
2.6 Global indicators interpretation
Exercise 3
t Results of field tests on a network
Is the network better if
QSCDR = 2%?
Name value
SDCCH congestion
SDCCH drop
TCH assignment failure
rate
Call drop 4.6 %
Call setup success rate 92 %
Call success rate
Efficiency of outgoing
HO
Efficiency of incoming
HO
HO cause distribution
better/level/quality
Network TCH
availability
Time allowed:
5 minutes
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1.139
3. DETAILED INDICATORS
1.140
3 Detailed indicators
Session presentation
t Objective: to be able to use the BSS - DEFINITION OF
QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS document in order to get
some more detailed indicators of the Alcatel BSS
t Program:
3.1 Indicator reference name
3.2 Indicators classification
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3. DETAILED INDICATORS
3.1 Indicator reference name
1.142
3.1 Indicator reference name
Description
t each QOS indicator has a unique REFERENCE NAME of 10
characters
Unit Family
Procedure Type Joker
Prefix Sub-type
mandatory
optional
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3. DETAILED INDICATORS
3.2 Indicators classification
1.144
3.2 Indicators classification
Main categories
t Classification in BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE
INDICATORS document
Control Channels
SCCP
TCH
SDCCH
Traffic load
Call statistics
RTCH
SDCCH
Global QoS
Couple of cells
SDCCH /TCH
HO repartition
Intracell HO
Incoming HO
Outgoing HO
HO causes
Handover
statistics
Resource
availability
Multiband
Multilayer / Multiband
Network
Concentric cells
Directed retry
Densification
techniques
GSM
indicators
73
1.145
3.2 Indicators classification
SDCCH traffic
t Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic
Estab
SDCCH Traffic
Traffic
MT
Traffic
MO
Loc. Update
IMSI Detach
Sup. Service
Call
LU Follow on
SMS
Call
Re-Estab
Other
MS
Penetration Rate
Traffic
Dual Band
Resource
Occupancy
SDCCH
Erlang
SDCCH Mean
Holding Time
Global
Traffic
Global
Requests
Traffic
Model
Handover
Normal
Assignment
Normal
Assignment
Handover
1.146
3.2 Indicators classification
TCH traffic
t Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic
RTCH Traffic
Resource
Occupancy
TCH
Erlang
Full Rate
Erlang
Full Rate
Allocated
Full Rate
Mean TCH
Time
Half Rate
Erlang
Half Rate
Allocated
Half Rate
Mean TCH
Time
Blocking Peak
Ratio of
HR Traffic
TCH
Multiband
Occupancy
Traffic Model
REQUESTS
Assign / HO / DR
SUCCESS
Assign / HO / DR
HO PER CALL
REQUESTS
FR, DR, DR/EFR, AMR, DATA
Speech Version
&
Channel Type
ALLOCATIONS
FR, HR, EFR, AMR, DATA
SUCCESS
AMR / TFO
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3.2 Indicators classification
SCCP resource occupancy / Control channels traffic
t Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SCCP resource occupancy
l SCCP traffic in Erlang
t Traffic Load and Traffic Model > Control Channels traffic
l PCH channel load
l AGCH channel load
l RACH channel load
1.148
3.2 Indicators classification
QoS SDCCH
t GLOBAL Quality of service > SDCCH
Drop BSS
SDCCH
Established
Phase
Drop Rate
Drop Radio Drop HO
Unsuccess
Congestion
Assignment Phase
/
Handover
Radio
Failure
BSS Failure
Access Reject
Dynamic Allocation
B8
New B8
(See comments)
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1.149
3.2 Indicators classification
QoS RTCH
t GLOBAL Quality of service > RTCH
Directed
Retry
RTCH
Unsuccess
Assignment Phase
/
Handover
Global Radio
Congestion Level
Congestion
Radio
Failure
BSS
Failure
Established
Phase
Drop rate
Drop Radio
Drop BSS
Drop HO
Preemption
Preemption
Phase
PCI =1 PVI =1
Requests
Allocation
with / without
Preemption
Failure
Success
Success
Queuing
Phase
Queue Length
Assign
Queuing Fail
Assign
Queued
& Reject
Queued
Success
Queue Full
Higher
Priority
Timeout
Assign
Queued
Normal
Assign.
1.150
3.2 Indicators classification
QoS call statistics
t GLOBAL Quality of service > Call statistics
Call Statistics
Call Success
Call Setup
Success Rate
Call
Success Rate
Cell Quality
Factor Absolute
Cell Quality
Factor Relative
Call Drop
Call Drop Rate
Drop Radio Drop BSS Drop HO
Transcoder Failure
BSS Internal Failure
Call Drop
End User Rate
Preemption
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t Handover STATISTICS > Handover causes
3.2 Indicators classification
Handover causes
Handover causes
HO causes
All
HO
cause
distribution
Outgoing HO Incoming HO
HO standard
cause
distribution
HO cause
category
distribution
HO causes per Adjacency
HO cause
category
distribution
B8
Fast traffic HO taken into account
New type of counter for dual band HO
(See comments)
New B8
1.152
t Handover STATISTICS > Outgoing handovers
3.2 Indicators classification
Outgoing handovers
Failure With Reversion
Call Drop Rate
Efficiency
Preparation Success Rate
Intra-BSC
Failure With Reversion
Call Drop Rate
Efficiency
Preparation Success Rate
External
Call Drop Rate
Efficiency
Success Rate
Intra-BSC & External
Outgoing HO
B8
New B8
New LAPD counter to analyze the cause of delay in HO procedures
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t Handover STATISTICS > Incoming handovers
3.2 Indicators classification
Incoming handovers
Failure BSS
Failure Radio
Congestion
Efficiency
Intra-BSC
Failure BSS
Failure Radio
Failure No CIC
Congestion
Efficiency
External
Efficiency
Intra-BSC & External
Incoming HO
B8
New counters and indicators for:
Incoming external HO 3G - > 2G
Incoming external HO 2G - > 2G only
New B8
(See comments)
1.154
t Handover STATISTICS > Intracell handovers
3.2 Indicators classification
Intra-cell handovers
CDR Radio CDR BSS
Failure With Reversion
Failure BSS
Call Drop Rate
Congestion
Efficiency
Intracell HO
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1.155
t Handover STATISTICS > Handover statistics per couple of
cell
3.2 Indicators classification
Handover statistics per couple of cells
HO Success Distribution
Success Rate
Efficiency
Preparation Success Rate
HO statistics
per Couple of Cell
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1424 VT ZZA Ed.03
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4 HANDOVER INDICATORS
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1.157
4 Handover indicators
Session presentation
t Objective: to be able to explain what are the main Handover
counters and indicators provided by the Alcatel BSS in order to
monitor the quality of handovers
t Program:
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1424 VT ZZA Ed.03
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4 HANDOVER INDICATORS
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
80
1.159
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
Handover types
HO FAIL. CASES > HO Reminder
t Intra-Cell: Handover between two
TCHs of the same cell
t Internal
l between two cells of the same BSC
l also called intra BSC
l and not using the forced external
handover mode
t External
l between two cells of different BSCs
l also called inter BSC
l or between two cells of the same
BSC when using the forced external
handover mode
TCH/(SDCCH) Handover
t Synchronous
l between 2 cells
l sharing the same clocks
l collocated
l usually 2 sectors of the same BTS
tunable at OMC-R level
t Asynchronous
l not synchronous for any reason
l no dedicated monitoring for
synchronous/asynchronous HO
t Incoming
l as considering the target cell
t Outgoing
l as considering the serving cell
1.160
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
Intracell HO - success
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO > successful case
MS BTS BSC MSC
MEAS REPORT
-----------------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
--------------------------------------------------------------> MC870
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (old channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (old channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (new channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK (new channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel) MC871
<----------------------------- <-------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107
SABM
-----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (new channel)
UA -------------------------------------------------------------->
<-----------------------------
ASSIGNMENT CMP ASSIGNMENT COMPLET(new channel)
-----------------------------> --------------------------------------------------------------> stop T3107
MC662
HANDOVER
PERFORMED
------------------->
RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
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4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
Intracell HO - failures
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failures
Handover Preparation:
l congestion
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
l reversion to old channel
l drop radio
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
1.162
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure: congestion
MC561TCH+MC101SDCCH
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
Intracell HO - congestion
MS Serving BTS Serving BSC MSC
MEAS REPORT
-----------------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
--------------------------------------------------------------> MC870
No free TCH
MC561
82
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4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
Intracell HO - radio failure ROC
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure: reversion
old channel
Serving Serving
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC871
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel)
<----------------------------- <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10)
start T200
SABM (new channel)
-----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (new channel)
----------------------------------------------------------------->
UA (new channel)
X- - - - - --------------------
SABM (new channel)
----------------------------->
UA (new channel)
X- - - - - --------------------
SABM (old channel)
-----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (old channel)
UA (old channel) ----------------------------------------------------------------->
<-----------------------------
ASSIGNMENT FAIL ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
-----------------------------> -----------------------------------------------------------------> stop T3107
MC667
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (new channel)
<-----------------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (new channel)
----------------------------------------------------------------->
RF CHANNEL RELEASE (new channel)
<-----------------------------------------------------------------
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (new channel)
----------------------------------------------------------------->
1.164
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure: radio drop
MC663=C63TCH+C103SDCCH
Serving Serving
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC871
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel)
<----------------------------- <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10)
MC663
Release of old and new channels T3107 expiry
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
Intracell HO - radio failure drop
83
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HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure: BSS drop
t no specific counter
Serving Serving
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC871
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel)
<----------------------------- <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10)
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
O&M intervention
Radio interface failure
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
Intracell HO - BSS problem
1.166
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO counters
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
Intracell HO - counters
Request MC870
Congestion MC561+MC101
BSS Pb MC870-MC871-(MC561+MC101)
Attempt MC871
Reversion old channel MC667
Drop radio MC663
BSS Pb MC871-MC662-MC667-MC663
Success MC662
Preparation
Execution
INTRACELL Handover
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
REVERSION OLD CHANNEL
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
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4 HANDOVER INDICATORS
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
1.168
HO FAIL. CASES > internal HO > success case
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Internal HO - success
The same inter-cell
handover procedure leads
to an incrementation of
two sets of counters:
incoming HO counters for
the target cell: MC830,
MC831, MC652, etc.
outgoing HO counters for
the serving cell: MC655A,
MC660, MC656, etc.
In HO_PERFORMED
MESSAGE
t Target cell (CI,LAC)
t "cause" of HO
MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC
MEAS REP
-----------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC830, MC655A
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
<----------------------------------
CHAN ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
MC831, MC660
start T3124
HANDOVER ACCESS
------------------------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
stop T3124
start T200
------------------------ SABM ---------------------------> stop T3105
<-------------------------- UA ----------------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION
stop T200 ---------------------------------->
HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP stop T3103
-------------------------------------------------------------> ----------------------------------> HO PERFORMED
------------------------>
Release of old TCH MC652, MC656
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HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO failures:
Handover procedure from the target cell point of view
Handover Preparation:
l congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell
O does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view)
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
l radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel
O the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Incoming internal HO - failures
1.170
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO fail: congestion
MC551TCH+MC91SDCCH
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Incoming internal HO - congestion
MS Serving Cell Serving BSC MSC
MEAS REPORT
-----------------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
--------------------------------------------------------------> MC830
No free TCH
MC551
MC91
If no free SDCCH
86
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HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO fail: MS access
problem
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Incoming internal HO - radio failure
MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC
MEAS REP
-----------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
------------------------------------------------------------------------>
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
<----------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
MC660
SABM
-----------x T3103 expiry
MC653
MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
HANDOVER ACCESS MC660
------------------------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
SABM
-------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105
HANDOVER COMPLETE
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X
SABM
-----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<-----------------------
HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE
-----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC653
Release of new channel
1.172
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO counters
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Incoming internal HO - counters
Request MC830
Congestion MC551+MC91
BSS Pb MC830-MC831-(MC551+MC91)
Attempt MC831
Radio (MS access problem) MC653
BSS Pb MC831-MC652-MC653
Success MC652
Execution
Preparation
INCOMING INTERNAL Handover
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
MS ACCESS PB
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
87
1.173
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Incoming internal HO - indicators
SUCCESS
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO indicators
1.174
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO failures
Handover procedure from the serving cell point of view
Handover Preparation:
l congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
l radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel
l radio problem: the MS drops
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Outgoing internal HO - failures
88
1.175
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO fail: reversion
old channel
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Outgoing internal HO - radio failure ROC
MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
HANDOVER ACCESS MC660
------------------------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
SABM
-------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105
HANDOVER COMPLETE
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X
SABM
-----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<-----------------------
HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE
-----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC657
Release of new channel
1.176
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO fail: drop
t clear_request: ask the MSC to release the connection
t In case of call drop due to HO, the cause is "radio interface
message failure" (for Alcatel)
MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC
MEAS REP
-----------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC655A
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
<----------------------------------
CHAN ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
MC660
SABM
----------x
T3103 expiry
MC658
Clear_request
------------------------>
Clear_command
Release of old and new TCH <------------------------
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Outgoing internal HO - radio failure drop
89
1.177
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO counters
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Outgoing internal HO - counters
Preparation Request MC655A
Any preparation failure MC655A-MC660
Attempt MC660
Reversion old channel MC657
Drop radio MC658
BSS Pb MC660-MC656-MC657-MC658
Success MC656
Execution
OUTGOING INTERNAL Handover
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
REVERSION OLD CHANNEL
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
1.178
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Outgoing internal HO - indicators
SUCCESS
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO indicators
90
1.179
With K1205, find in the PAIB29.REC file:
1) One case of intra-cell failure with reversion
2) One case of Internal handover success
l Identify the target cell
l Identify the serving cell (in CR for call
establishment)
3) One case of Internal handover failure with
reversion
4) One case of Internal handover failure without
reversion
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
Intra-cell HO / Internal HO - exercise
Time allowed:
15 minutes
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4 HANDOVER INDICATORS
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
91
1.181
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
External HO - success
HO FAIL. CASES > External HO > successful case
B8
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED ---------->
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820
<--------- CC ------------------------ ---- CHANNEL_ACTIVATION ------>
<- CHANNEL_ACT_ACK-------------
<----- HO_REQUEST_ACK -------- Start T9113
(HO_COMMAND) MC821
<------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------------ <---- HO_ACCESS -----
MC650 Start T8 <---- HO_ACCESS -----
<------ HO_DETECTION--------------
<-- HO_DETECTION -------------- --- PHYSICAL_INFO-->
<--- SABM---------------
<----- ESTABLISH_INDICATION ---- ----- UA -------------->
<----------- HO_COMPLETE ----------------------------------------
<--- HO_COMPLETE --------------- Stop T9113
<---- CLEAR_COMMAND ------ MC642
MC646 Cause: HO_SUCCESSFUL
Release of TCH Stop T8
MC462A
MC462B
MC462C
MC463A
MC463B
MC463C
(See comments)
1.182
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
External HO - failures
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO failures
Handover procedure from the target cell point of view
Handover Preparation:
l congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell OR no TTCH available
on the A interface
O does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view)
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
l radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel
O the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
92
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4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Incoming external HO - RTCH congestion
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO fail: Air/Abis cong.
MC541ATCH+MC81SDCCH
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR(HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820
< ----- HO_FAILURE --------------- MC541A
( < -HO_REQUIRED_REJECT-) Cause: no radi o resource avail abl e
1.184
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Incoming external HO - TTCH congestion
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO fail: A int. cong.
MC41B
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR(HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820
< ----- HO_FAILURE --------------- MC41B
Cause: terrestrial circuit already allocated
Requested terrestrial resource unaivalable
BSSnot equiopoed
( < -HO_REQUIRED_REJECT-)
93
1.185
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO fail: MS access
problem
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Incoming external HO - radio failure
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR(HO_REQUEST) -------------------> MC820
< -------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT---------->
< --- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
Start T9113
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------- Start T9113
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------ HO-COMMAND) included MC821
Start T8 X--- HO_ACCESS-----
X---- HO_ACCESS-----
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X T9113 expiry
MC643
Release of connection
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT->
------- MEAS_RESULT-------->
MC645A ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR(HO_REQUEST) -------------------> MC820
< -------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT---------->
< --- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------- Start T9113
(HO-COMMAND) included MC821
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
Start T8 X--- HO_ACCESS-----
X---- HO_ACCESS-----
----- SABM -------->
< --- UA ------------- -- ESTABLISH_INDICATION->
----- HO_FAILURE(reversion to old channel) ------------------------------------------>
----- CLEAR_COMMAND ----------------------> MC643
Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel
Release of connection
1.186
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO counters
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Incoming external HO - counters
Request MC820
Congestion MC541+MC81
BSS Pb MC820-MC821-(MC541+MC81)
Attempt MC821
Radio (MS access problem) MC643
BSS Pb MC821-MC642-MC643
Success MC642
Execution
Preparation
INCOMING EXTERNAL Handover
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
MS ACCESS PB
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
ATTEMPT SUCCESS
REQUEST
RATIO
Inter PLMN HO
Intra PLMN HO
B8
New B8
94
1.187
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Incoming external HO - indicators
ATTEMPT
BSS PB
SUCCESS
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO indicators
B8 (See comments)
1.188
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Outgoing external HO - failures
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO failures
Handover procedure from the serving cell point of view
Handover Preparation:
l congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
l radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel
l radio problem: the MS drops
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
95
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4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Outgoing external HO - radio failure ROC
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO fail: reversion
old channel
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT->
------- MEAS_RESULT-------->
MC645A ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR(HO_REQUEST) ------------------->
< -------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT---------->
< --- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------- Start T9113
(HO-COMMAND) included
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
Start T8 X--- HO_ACCESS-----
MC650 X---- HO_ACCESS-----
----- SABM -------->
< --- UA ------------- -- ESTABLISH_INDICATION->
----- HO_FAILURE(reversion to old channel) ------------------------------------------>
MC647 ----- CLEAR_COMMAND ---------------------->
Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel
Release of connection
1.190
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Outgoing external HO - radio failure drop
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO fail: drop
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR(HO_REQUEST) ------------------->
< -------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT---------->
< --- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------- Start T9113
(HO-COMMAND) included
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
Start T8 X--- HO_ACCESS-----
MC650 X---- HO_ACCESS-----
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
T8 expiry ----- CLEAR_REQUEST->
MC648 Radio interface message fail
Release of connection
96
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HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO counters
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Outgoing external HO - counters
Preparation Request MC645A
Any preparation failure MC645A-MC650
Attempt MC650
Reversion old channel MC647
Drop radio MC648
BSS Pb MC650-MC646-MC647-MC648
Success MC646
Execution
OUTGOING EXTERNAL Handover
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
REVERSION OLD CHANNEL
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
ATTEMPT SUCCESS
REQUEST
RATIO
Inter PLMN HO
Intra PLMN HO
B8
New B8
1.192
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
Outgoing external HO - indicators
ATTEMPT
SUCCESS
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO indicators
B8 (See comments)
97
1.193
In PAIB29.REC, extract (if available):
1 incoming external HO success
1 outgoing external HO success
1 incoming external HO failure
1 outgoing external HO failure
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
External HO - exercise
Time allowed:
15 minutes
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4 HANDOVER INDICATORS
4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
98
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4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
Type 180 counters
t Some handover indicators available per couple of (serving,
target) cells:
l permanently for all adjacencies through PM type 180
counters
3 counters for each (Serving,Target)
adjacency:
C400(S,T): Incoming handovers requested to cell
T from cell S
C401(S,T): Incoming handovers attempted to cell
T from cell S
C402(S,T): Incoming handovers successfully
performed to cell T from cell S
both internal and external inter cell
handovers are counted
both SDCCH and TCH handovers
are counted
a
e
d
c
b
f
C40i(f,d)
C40i(a,b)
C40i(c,b)
C40i(c,d)
1.196
4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
Type 180 indicators
The following indicators can be computed from PM Type 180
counters in order to
t Detect the most important neighboring cells as per their traffic
l Distribution of incoming handovers performed to cell T from serving cells
Sn
= C402(Sx,T) / C402(Sn,T)
t Ease the diagnosis of the bad handover performance of a cell
l Global efficiency of incoming handovers to cell T from cell S
HOOASUR = C402(S,T) / C400(S,T)
l Efficiency of the incoming handover preparation to cell T from cell S
HOOACAR = C401(S,T) / C400(S,T)
l Efficiency of the incoming handover execution to cell T from cell S
HOOAEFR = C402(S,T) / C401(S,T)
n
99
1.197
counters for each (Serving,Target x) adjacency:
C720(S,Tx): Outgoing handovers attempted from
cell S to cell Tx
C721(S,Tx): Outgoing handovers successfully
performed from cell S to cell Tx
C722(S,Tx): Outgoing handovers failed from cell
S to cell Tx with Reversion Old Channel
C723(S,Tx): Outgoing handovers failed from cell
S to cell Tx with drop
these type 26 counters are available for
several cells at the same time (40 cells)
4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
Type 26 counters
t Some handover indicators are available per couple of (serving,
target) cells:
l on demand for all outgoing adjacencies of a serving cell
through PM type 26
Target a
Te
Serving
Tc
Tb
Tf
C72i(S,Te)
C72i(S,Tc)
B8
Modified in B8
1.198
4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
Type 26 indicators
The following indicators can be computed from PM Type 26 counters
in order to:
t ease the diagnosis of the bad outgoing handover performance of a
cell
l Efficiency of the outgoing handover execution from cell S to cell Tx
HOOXSUR = C721(S,Tx) / C720(S,Tx)
l Rate of outgoing ho execution failures due to radio problems from S to Tx
with drop
HOOXCDRR = C723(S,Tx) / C720(S,Tx)
l Rate of outgoing ho execution failures due to radio problems from S to Tx
with Reversion Old Channel
HOOXOCR = C722(S,Tx) / C720(S,Tx)
l Rate of outgoing ho execution failures due to BSS problems from S to Tx
HOOXCDBR = [C720(S,Tx)-C721(S,Tx)-C722(S,Tx)-C723(S,Tx)] / C720(S,Tx)
these type 26 counters are available for several cells at once (40 cells)
B8
Modified in B8
100
1.199
counters for each (Serving,Target x)
adjacency:
C730(Sx,T): Incoming handovers
attempted to cell T from cell Sx
C731(Sx,T): Incoming handovers
successfully performed to cell T from
cell Sx
C733(S,Tx): Incoming handovers failed
due to MS radio access problems to
cell T from cell Sx
4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
Type 27 counters
t Some handover indicators are available per couple of (serving,
target) cells:
l on demand for all incoming adjacencies of a target cell
through PM type 27
Serving a
Se
Target
Sc
Sb
Sf
C73i(Se,T)
C73i(Sc,T)
1.200
4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
Type 27 indicators
The following indicators can be computed from PM Type 27
counters in order to
t Ease the diagnosis of the bad incoming handover performance
of a cell
l Efficiency of the incoming handover execution to cell T from cell Sx
HOIXSUR = C731(Sx,T) / C730(Sx,T)
l Rate of incoming ho execution failures due to MS radio access problems
to cell T from cell Sx
HOIXCDRR = C733(Sx,T) / C730(Sx,T)
l Rate of incoming ho execution failures due to BSS problems to cell T
from cell Sx
HOIXCDBR= [C730(Sx,T)-C731(Sx,T)-C733(Sx,T)] / C730(Sx,T)
101
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1.201
5 DIRECTED RETRY INDICATORS
1.202
5 Directed retry indicators
Session presentation
t Objective: to be able to describe the counters and indicators
used for monitoring the efficiency of the directed retry feature
t Program:
5.1 Directed Retry definition
102
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1.203
5 DIRECTED RETRY INDICATORS
5.1 Directed Retry definition
1.204
5.1 Directed Retry definition
Queuing is mandatory
When there is no TCH available in a cell for TCH normal
assignment:
t Queuing: TCH request is put in a queue, waiting for a TCH to
be released in this cell
t With default BSS tuning: the call establishment fails if no TCH
has been freed after T11 seconds
but an optional mechanism can be activated
103
1.205
5.1 Directed Retry definition
Normal and Forced Directed Retry
t Directed Retry (DR): When a TCH request is in queue, the BSC
tries to establish the TCH connection on a neighboring cell if:
l the normal handover condition is met (Normal DR)
l specific directed retry conditions are met (Forced DR):
the MS receives a sufficient signal level from a neighboring cell
the number of free TCHs in this neighboring cell is sufficient
1.206
5.1 Directed Retry definition
Directed Retry types
DR FAIL. CASES > DR Reminder
DR as an SDCCH to TCH handover can be
t Internal
l between two cells of the same BSC
l also called intra BSC
t External
l between two cells of different BSCs
l also called inter BSC
t Incoming
l as considering the target cell
t Outgoing
l as considering the serving cell
t Synchronous
l between 2 cells
l sharing the same clocks
l collocated
l usually 2 sectors of the same
BTS
tunable at OMC-R level
t Asynchronous
l not synchronous for any
reason
l no dedicated monitoring for
synchronous/asynchronous
HO
104
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1.207
6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS
INDICATORS
1.208
6 Radio Measurement Statistics indicators
Session presentation
t Objective: to be able to describe the RMS indicators used for
radio quality assessment of a TRX or cell and to use them in the
detection of some typical radio problems
t Program:
6.1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives
6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS
6.3 RMS data
6.4 Call quality statistics per TRX
6.5 Radio quality statistics per TRX
6.6 C/I statistics
6.7 RMS indicators usage
6.8 Additional information
105
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6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS
INDICATORS
6.1 Radio Measurement Statistics
objectives
1.210
6.1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives
RMS objectives
RMS objectives
t Assess the quality of cell coverage
t Assess the radio link quality of a TRX / a cell
t Assess Carrier/Interference ratio of a TRX / a cell
t Estimate of the voice quality of a TRX / a cell
In order to:
Optimize the neighborhood & frequency planning
Improve the network coverage
Detect faulty hardware components responsible for bad
QoS
Help logical parameters fine tuning
106
1.211
6.1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives
RMS objectives
RMS objectives
t Provide Radio Measurement Statistics
l On all the network elements (all TRXs/cells)
l Permanently (RMS results available every day)
In order to
Reduce the cost of Radio Network Optimization
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1424 VT ZZA Ed.03
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6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS
INDICATORS
6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS
107
1.213
6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS
RMS management
t RMS results are reported permanently (once a day) by the BSS
as new PM counters to the OMC-R
t The RMS job is defined and activated on a per BSS basis
t RMS job parameters are managed through RMS templates
t RMS templates provide means to tune RMS parameters
according to Cell Planning (cell profile, cell class)
1.214
6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS
RMS configuration in the OMC-R
PM
RMS in binary files
Templates
Templates
RMS with OMC-R only
t Templates are defined on the OMC-R
t RMS results are retrieved once a day
from the BSC
t Binary files can be exported for post-
processing
108
1.215
6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS
RMS configuration in RNO
RMS with OMC-R, NPA & RNO
t Templates are defined on RNO
t RMS results are retrieved once a day
from the BSC
t Binary files are transferred to NPA
t RMS warnings on NPA
t RMS QoS reports on RNO
t RMS reports used in RNO
l Check
l QoS follow-up
l Diagnosis
l Tuning
t The Experience matrix can be
generated for network planning
t Excel export is adapted to RMS
Benefit to whole RNO
Templates
PM Compute
experience
matrix
1.216
6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS
RMS data flow
RNO defines and sends
RMS templates to the OMC-R
The OMC-R activates an RMS campaign
in the BSS
RMS counters are transferred to
the OMC
RMS counters are
stored in NPA
RMS indicators
requested by RNO
RMS QOS report
displayed
RNO calculates and exports the
Experience matrix to RNP
1
2
3
4
5
A9156 RNO
NPA
RNP
OMC-R
BSS
Template
1
Experience matrix
7
PM
4
7
2
PM
3
6
5
QOS
6
QOS
109
1.217
t In all this chapter
l System parameters (user tunable or not) will always be
written in BLUE BOLD FONT
l Indicators and counters will be typed
in ITALIC and SHADOW EFFECT FONT ITALIC and SHADOW EFFECT FONT
t The light blue font highlights important points
6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS
RMS data presentation
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1424 VT ZZA Ed.03
1.218
6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS
INDICATORS
6.3 RMS data
110
1.219
t 3 main RMS statistics types
l Call quality statistics which qualify calls according to
coverage/interference criteria
based on samples corresponding to measurement
results averaged over a number of SACCH multi-frames
l Radio statistics:
UL/DL level, UL/DL qual,
CFE
l C/I statistics on neighboring freq/MAFA freq
last 2 statistics types based on samples corresponding
to measurement results
6.3 RMS data
RMS data presentation
Annex 1
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1424 VT ZZA Ed.03
1.220
6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS
INDICATORS
6.4 Call quality statistics per TRX
111
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1.221
6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS
INDICATORS
6.4 Call quality statistics per TRX
6.4.1 Generalities
1.222
6.4.1 Generalities
Voice Quality problem
Suspecting a Voice Quality problem
t Percentage of Noisy calls
112
1.223
6.4.1 Generalities
Call Quality measurements
VQ_AVERAGE = 4 SACCH
AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ= (RxlevUL1+RxlevUL2+RxlevUL3+RxlevUL4) / 4
AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ= (RxlevDL1+RxlevDL2+RxlevDL3+RxlevDL4) / 4
AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ= (RxqualUL1+RxqualUL2+RxqualUL3+RxqualUL4) / 4
AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ= (RxqualDL1+RxqualDL2+RxqualDL3+RxqualDL4) / 4
AV_RXFER_UL_VQ = (Nb of speech frames wrongly decoded (BFI=1)
/ Total nb of speech frames of the CQS)
Average level, quality and FER of a Call Quality Sample
SACCH meas.
begin end
CALL
480ms
CQS
1
CQS
2
CQS
3
CQS
4
CQS
5
CQS
6
CQS
7
CQS
8 CQS
9
CQS
10
CQS
11
CQS
12 CQS
13
CQS
14
CQS
15
CQS
16
CQS
375
1 measurement report
1 SACCH mfr
1.224
6.4.1 Generalities
Classification of a CQS and Noisy Call identification
quality
Level (dBm)
7
0
-110 -47 VQ_RXLEV
bad quality + good level
interfered CQS
bad quality & level
!
! 0
145
1.289
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Erlang B formulae
t There are two different ways to use this law
l Using Abacus
l Using SW (here Excel)
Pblock = f (T, Nc)
Offered = f (Nc, Pblock)
Channels = f (T, Pblock)
1.290
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Erlang B abacus
146
1.291
t Example: 1 cell with 8 TRXs, with 60 TCH channels
l Maximum blocking rate: 2 %
Erlang law: 50 Offered Erlang
83 % of TCH resources used to reach 2% of blocking
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Erlang B example
1.292
t But be careful, the Erlang B law is not linear:
l In B4, we use for example a combined BCCH with a micro
BTS.
4 SDCCHs, Pblock = 2% => T = 1.1 E
25% resources used to reach 2% blocking
l In B5, if we decide to provide SMSCB (Cell Broadcast
information), 1 SDCCH stolen for CBCH
3 SDCCH, Pblock = 2% => T = 0.6 E
25 % resources less => 50 % Traffic less!!
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Non linearity of Erlang B
147
1.293
t Given an Offered traffic, compute the number of TRXs (and
SDCCH) needed to carry it => What is the accepted blocking
rate?
t default blocking rate
l RTCH: 2 %
l SDCCH: 0.5 %
l (for BSC TTCH: 0.1%)
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Cell dimensioning
1.294
t Cell dimensioning from call mix (bid, architecture)
l to handle an offered traffic of 12 Erlangs (RTCH), compute
the number of channels, then the number of TRXs
Channels (12;2%) = 19
l example: 3 TRXs, 21 TCHs, 1 BCCH, 2 SDCCHs/8
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Dimensioning "a priori"
148
1.295
t Cell dimensioning from measurement (re-planning)
l one is measuring a traffic of 15 Erlangs, with a blocking rate
of 10 %
l how to dimension the cell?
Offered traffic = 15 / (1-10%) = 16.7 Erlangs!!!!
Channels (16.7;2%) -> 25 TCHs -> 4 TRXs needed
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Dimensioning "a posteriori"
1.296
t Forecast traffic
l traffic forecasting must be computed according to the
offered traffic
M not directly on the measured traffic
l In order to plan the necessary actions soon enough, one
must compute regularly the date when the traffic of a cell will
become critical
t Critical traffic
l critical traffic: when the offered traffic will induce 2% of
blocking
l traffic capacity of a cell = critical traffic of this cell
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Forecast / Critical traffic
149
1.297
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
Exercise
t Training exercise: complete the form to get less than 2% of
blocking
cell call mix info Erlang TCH
Offered traffic
traffic forecast proposed config
12, 743 450 call/ hour
mean TCH call duration : 80
sec
blocking rate TCH : 0.8%
10, 08 Erlang TCH 30 % offered traffic
increase
13,1 Erlang TCH - > 20 TCH
3 TRX
12, 675 330 call/ hour
mean TCH call duration 129
sec
blocking rate 4%
30 % offered traffic
increase
12, 865 600 call/ hour
mean TCH call duration 96
sec
blocking rate 8 %
30 % offered traffic
increase
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1424 VT ZZA Ed.03
1.298
7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS
7.3 TCH resource allocation indicators
B8
150
1.299
7.3 TCH resource allocation indicators
Radio Allocation and Management
t Radio resource allocation and management (RAM) aims at:
l Managing pools of TCH radio resources by:
defining TCH radio timeslots as a function of the cell
radio configuration from the operator
sorting these TCH TS according to their radio
capabilities (FR or DR, frequency band (G1 or
GSM/DCS))
l Allocating dedicated TCH radio resources by:
selecting the TCH pool in which the TCH should be
chosen according to:
the requested channel rate (FR or HR)
the radio capability of the mobile
the TRE DR capability and the TRE band
selecting the best TCH resource among the available
TCH channels of this pool according to several criteria
B8
1.300
7.3 TCH resource allocation indicators
MS access
t MS access types distribution (NA only)
B8: Accessibility in type 110
l TCH requests from FR only MS
TCNARQMN= MC701A
l TCH requests from DR MS
TCNARQBN= MC701B
l TCH requests from DR+EFR MS
TCNARQTN= MC701C
l TCH requests from AMR MS
TCNA3RQTN= MC701D
l TCH requests from Data calls
TCNARQDN= MC701E
B8
Modified in B8
151
1.301
7.3 TCH resource allocation indicators
Speech coding version
t Speech coding Version capabilities distribution (NA only)
B8: Accessibility in type 110
l TCH allocations with FR SV1
TCNACAFN= MC702A
l TCH allocations with HR SV1
TCNACAHN= MC702B
l TCH allocations with FR SV2 (EFR)
TCNACAEN= MC702C
l TCH allocations with FR SV3 (AMR FR)
TCNA3CAFN= MC704A
l TCH allocations with HR SV3 (AMR HR)
TCNA3CAHN= MC704B
l TCH allocations for data call
TCNACADN= MC705
B8
Modified in B8
These 2 counters are
new in B8.
In B7, only one
without details: MC704
1.302
7.3 TCH resource allocation indicators
Distributions
t FR/HR calls distribution (NA+HO)
l FR TCH allocation ratio
TCAHCAFO = MC370A / (MC370A+MC370B)
l HR TCH allocation ratio
TCAHCAHO = MC370B / (MC370A+MC370B)
t NA/HO distribution
l Normal Assignment TCH allocation ratio
TCNACAO = MC703 / (MC703 + [MC15A+MC15B])
l Handover TCH allocation ratio
TCHOCAO = [MC15A+MC15B] / (MC703 + [MC15A+MC15B])
t TCH allocation distribution per TRX
l Number of TCH allocations for Normal Assignment
TCNACAN = MC703
B8
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1.303
7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS
7.4 Resource occupancy indicators
1.304
7.4 Resource occupancy indicators
TCH resource
t TCH resource occupancy
l TCH traffic in Erlang
TCTRE= (MC380A+MC380B) / 3600
l TCH mean holding time (TCH average duration)
TCTRMHT= (MC380A+MC380B) / (MC370A+MC370B)
l FR TCH traffic in Erlang
TCTRE= MC380A / 3600
l FR TCH mean holding time
TCTRFMHT= MC380A/ MC370A
l HR TCH traffic in Erlang
TCTRE= MC380B / 3600
l HR TCH mean holding time
TCTRHMHT= MC380B/ MC370B
B8 (See comments)
New B8
A split of the counters 380a and b
provides information about multiband
153
1.305
7.4 Resource occupancy indicators
SDCCH / ACH resource
t SDCCH resource occupancy
l SDCCH traffic in Erlang
SDTRE= MC400 / 3600
l SDCCH mean holding time (SDCCH average duration)
SDTRMHT= MC400 / MC390
t ACH resource occupancy
l ACH traffic in Erlang
C750 / 3600
l ACH mean holding time (ACH average duration)
QSTRN =C750 / C751
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1424 VT ZZA Ed.03
1.306
7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS
7.5 Traffic model indicators
154
1.307
7.5 Traffic model indicators
SDCCH establishment
t SDCCH establishment cause distribution
l Ratio of MT calls
TMMTO= MC01 / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
l Ratio of MO normal and emergency calls
TMMTO= MC02H / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
l Ratio of LU normal (resp. follow-on)
TMMOLUR = MC02A (resp. MC02D) / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
l Ratio of IMSI detach
TMMOLUDR= MC02G / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
l Ratio of Short Message Service
TMMOSMSR= MC02B / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
l Ratio of Supplementary Service
TMMOSSR= MC02C / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
l Ratio of Call re-establishment
TMMOCRR= MC02E / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
1.308
7.5 Traffic model indicators
Mobiles penetration
t E-GSM mobiles penetration
l Ratio of E-GSM MS access over all MS accesses (except LU)
TMMSEGR = MC706 / ([MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G])
t Multiband mobiles penetration
l Ratio of Multiband MS access over all MS accesses (except LU)
TMMSMBR = MC850 / ([MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G])
t AMR mobiles penetration
l Ratio of TCH allocation for AMR MS over all TCH allocations
TCTR3CATTO = MC704A+ MC704B / MC703
t TFO calls ratio
l Ratio of successful TFO establishment over all TCH allocations
QSTRCCTR = MC170 / MC703
t Handover per Call
l Number of Handovers (intra cell,internal,external) per Normal Assignment
TMHOCO = (MC717A+MC717B) / MC718
B8
New B8
(See comments)
155
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7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS
7.6 Preemption indicators
1.310
7.6 Preemption indicators
Preemption principle
t Preemption attributes (in Assignment or HO Request):
l pci : preemption capability indication
indicates if the call can preempt another call (pci=1) or not
l pvi : preemption vulnerability indication
indicates if the call is preemptable (pvi=1) or not
l priority level: 1=highest priority / 14=lowest priority
t Preemption rules:
l A TCH request with pci=1 and priority level=p1 will preempt an on-going
call with pvi=1 and priority level=p2, p2 lower than p1 (whatever pci
value)
l the on-going call with the lowest priority level value shall be elected first
and if several calls have the same lowest p2 value, one of them with pci
bit set to 0 is preferred
156
1.311
7.6 Preemption indicators
Preemption counters
t MC921A = Number of TCH Requests with the capability to
preempt another call with lower priority (pci=1)
t MC921B = Number of preemption capable TCH Requests
(pci=1) served with TCH resource (with or without using the
preemption feature).
t MC921C = Number of preempted calls
t MC921D = Number of preemption capable TCH Request (pci=1)
successfully served in a neighboring cell with the help of the
directed retry procedure
t MC921E = Number of preemptable calls successfully
established (pvi=1)
1.312
7.6 Preemption indicators
t Preemption capable TCH Request rejection rate
l TCPPFLCR = (MC921A-MC921B-MC921D) / MC921A
t Ratio of preemption capable TCH Request which led to a
successful Directed Retry
l TCPPDSUCR = MC921D / MC921A
t Ratio of preemptable calls established over all calls
l TCPPSUVO = MC921E / (MC718+MC717A+MC717B)
157
1.313
Thank you for answering
the self-assessment
of the objectives sheet
Introduction to QoS and Traffic Load monitoring / B8
Evaluation
t Objective: to be able to interpret:
Global indicators, in order to assess the general quality
of the network
Detailed indicators, in order to detect / identify / locate
the main malfunctions
Handover indicators, in order to quantify the efficiency
and the reason for HO
Directed retry indicators, in order to quantify the
efficiency of a directed retry
Indicators provided by the new RMS feature to ease
radio optimization and fault detection
Traffic indicators, in order to detect/predict overload and
compute adequate cell dimensioning as well as to
understand how RTCH resources are used in the
network
1.314
Radio Measurement Reporting
ANNEX 1
Radio Measurement Reporting
158
1.315
t Radio measurement mechanisms
l MS connected (TCH or SDCCH)
l The serving cell gives to the MS the list of the neighboring
cells to listen
l Every SACCH, the MS reports to the serving cell:
measurement report message
Received level of 6 best cells (which can change)
DL level and quality of serving cell
Radio Measurement Reporting
M eas
t
R eport
1.316
t Radio measurement mechanisms
l For each MS connected to the BTS (TCH or SDCCH)
Radio Measurement Reporting
BSC
DL measurements UL+DL measurements
The UL received level and quality are measured every SACCH
The Timing advance (TA) is computed
The UL information is gathered into a measurement report
this is the message result sent by the BTS to the BSC
M eas
t
R eport
M eas
t
R esult
159
1.317
t Measurement Result message
Radio Measurement Reporting
L1 Info
L3 Info
Measurement
Report
From the MS
Back
1.318
Extended Measurement Reporting
ANNEX 2
Extended Measurement Reporting
(MAFA)
160
1.319
Extended Measurement Reporting
t The Extended Measurement Reporting is a feature allowing the
BSS to request an MS to measure and report up to 21
frequencies of the band that are not included in its BA list
t Such phase 2+ mobiles must support the optional MAFA feature
(Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation)
1.320
MS BTS BSC MSC
TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC)
< -----------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
< --------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST
-------------------------------------------------------- >
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM
< --------------------------------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH)
(EMO included)
-------------------------------------------------------- >
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE
.
.
TCH establishment.
--------TCH---------> .
ASSIGNT COMPLETE ------------------------------------------------------- >
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE ----------------------------------- >
<------SACCH-------- ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
--------SACCH------>
<------SACCH--------
--------SACCH------>
<-------SACCH--------
EMO
(MAFA freq. List)
--------SACCH------>
EMR
(MAFA freq. RxLev)
<------SACCH--------
--------SACCH------>
t Extended Measurement Reporting mechanisms
Extended Measurement Reporting
l The Extended
Measurement Order
includes the MAFA
frequencies the MS is
asked to measure
l EMO sent once to the MS
on SACCH after TCH
seizure
l Extended Measurement
Results include the average
signal level measured on
each MAFA frequency over
one SACCH mf duration
l EMR received once per call
on SACCH
Back
161
1.321
ANNEX 3
Directed Retry Indicators
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
1.322
DR FAIL. CASES > internal DR > success case
Internal directed retry indicators
Internal DR - success
The same internal DR procedure
leads to an incrementation of two
sets of counters:
incoming DR counters for the
target cell: MC153, MC151, etc.
outgoing DR counters for the
serving cell: MC144E, MC142E,
etc.
MCx counters belong to Standard
Type 110 reported permanently
Cx counters belong to Detailed
Type 29 reported on demand in
B7.
Becomes a Standard type in B8.
MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC
TCHASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC)
< -----------------------
ASSIGNMENT
REQUEST
No free TCH
TCH request queued
Queuing allowed
Start T11 ----------------------- >
QUEUING_INDIC.
MC13A
IDR condition met MC153, MC144e,
CHANNEL ACTIV. (TCH)
<---------------------------------- MC15A
CHAN ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
HO CMD HANDOVERCOMMAND
<----------------------
(SDCCH)
<------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
C154, MC607
start T3124 C145A+C145C
HANDOVER ACCESS
------------------------(TCH)---------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HODETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
stop T3124
start T200
------------------------ SABM --------------------------> stop T3105
<-------------------------- UA ----------------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION
stop T200 ---------------------------------->
HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP stop T3103
-------------------------------------------------------------> ----------------------------------> ASSIGNMENT
COMPLETE
------------------------>
Release of old SDCCH MC151,MC717A,
MC142e
B8
(see comments)
Modified inB8
162
1.323
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR failures:
Directed Retry procedure from the target cell point of view
DR Preparation:
l congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell
O does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view)
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
DR Execution:
l radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel
O the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
Internal directed retry indicators
Incoming internal DR - failures
1.324
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR fail: congestion
MC555=C155
Internal directed retry indicators
Incoming internal DR - congestion
MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC
TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC)
< ----------------------------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
No free TCH
In serving cell
Queuing allowed
Start T11 --------------------------------------------------- >
QUEUING_INDIC.
MC13A
IDR condition met MC153, MC144e,MC607
No free TCH
In target cell
MC555
B8
(see comments)
type 29 becomes
a standard type:
Available in PMC
163
1.325
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR fail: MS access
problem
Internal directed retry indicators
Incoming internal DR - radio failure
MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC
MEAS REP
-----------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
------------------------------------------------------------------------>
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
<----------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
C154
SABM
-----------x T3103 expiry
C152
MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
HANDOVER ACCESS C154
------------------------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
SABM
-------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105
HANDOVER COMPLETE
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X
SABM
-----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<-----------------------
HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE
-----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> C152
Release of new channel
B8
(see comments)
Modified inB8 Becomes a standard type
1.326
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR counters
Internal directed retry indicators
Incoming internal DR - counters
Request MC153, C153
Congestion MC555, C155
BSS Pb C153-C154-C155
Attempt C154
Radio (MS access problem) C152
BSS Pb C154-C151-C152
Success MC151, C151
Execution
Preparation
INCOMING INTERNAL Directed Retry
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
MS ACCESS PB
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
B8
(see comments)
Modified inB8
Type 29 counters becomes a standard (PMC)
164
1.327
Internal directed retry indicators
Incoming internal DR - indicators
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR indicators
t see comments
B8
(see comments)
1.328
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR failures
Directed Retry procedure from the serving cell point of view
DR Preparation:
l congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
DR Execution:
l radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel
l radio problem: the MS drops
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
Internal directed retry indicators
Outgoing internal DR - failures
165
1.329
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR fail: reversion
old channel
C144A, C143A:
Forced DR
C144C,C143E:
Normal DR
Internal directed retry indicators
Outgoing internal DR - radio failure ROC
MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<-------SDCCH----- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
HANDOVER ACCESS MC144E
----------------------TCH--------------------------------> C144A or C144C
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
SABM
-------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105
HANDOVER COMPLETE
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X
SABM
-----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<-----------------------
HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE
-----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> C143A or C143E
Release of new channel
B8
(see comments)
1.330
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR fail: drop
MS serving cell t arget cell BSC MSC
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
MC144E
SABM C144A or C144C
----------x
T3103 expiry
C143B or C143F
------------------------>
ASSI GNMENT
FAI LURE
Radio interface
message f ailure
Rel eas e of S DCCH and TCH
Internal directed retry indicators
Outgoing internal DR - radio failure drop
C144A,C143B:
Forced DR
C144C,C143F:
Normal DR
(See comments)
B8
166
1.331
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR counters
Internal directed retry indicators
Outgoing internal DR - counters
Preparation Request MC144E, C144A+C144C
Any preparation failure (C144A+C144C) - (C145A+C145C)
Attempt C145A+C145C
Reversion old channel C143A+C143E
Drop radio C143B+C143F
BSS Pb (C145A+C145C) - (C143A+C143E+C143B+C143F)
Success MC142E, C142A+C142C
Execution
OUTGOING INTERNAL Directed Retry
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
REVERSION OLD CHANNEL
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
(See comments)
B8
Modified in B8
Detailed Pb available in standard type
1.332
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR indicators
t see comments
Internal directed retry indicators
Outgoing internal DR - indicators
B8
(see comments)
167
1.333
External directed retry indicators
External DR - success
DR FAIL. CASES > External DR > successful case
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
TCH request queued < ------ASSIGNTREQUEST-------
EDR condition met ------ HO_REQUIRED ---------->
MC144F ----------CR(HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820
< --------- CC ------------------------ ---- CHANNEL_ACTIVATION ------>
< - CHANNEL_ACT_ACK-------------
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK-------- Start T9113
(HO_COMMAND) MC821
< ------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------------ < ---- HO_ACCESS-----
C145B+ C145D Start T8 < ---- HO_ACCESS-----
< ------ HO_DETECTION--------------
< -- HO_DETECTION -------------- --- PHYSICAL_INFO -->
< --- SABM---------------
< ----- ESTABLISH_INDICATION ---- ----- UA -------------->
< ----------- HO_COMPLETE----------------------------------------
< --- HO_COMPLETE--------------- Stop T9113
< ---- CLEAR_COMMAND ------ MC642
MC142F Cause : HO_SUCCESSFUL
Release of SDCCH Stop T8
The same external DR procedure leads to an incrementation of two sets of counters:
incoming external HO counters for the target cell: MC820, MC821, etc.
outgoing external DR counters for the serving cell: MC144F, MC142F, etc.
B8
(see comments)
1.334
External directed retry indicators
Outgoing external DR - failures
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR failures
Directed Retry procedure from the serving cell point of view
DR Preparation:
l congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
DR Execution:
l radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel
l radio problem: the MS drops
l BSS problem (no specific counter)
168
1.335
External directed retry indicators
Outgoing external DR - radio failure ROC
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR fail: reversion
old channel
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
ASSIGNT REQUEST
---------------------> TCH request queued
EDR condition met ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
MC144F ----------CR(HO_REQUEST) ------------------->
< -------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT---------->
< --- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------- Start T9113
(HO-COMMAND) included
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
Start T8 X--- HO_ACCESS-----
C145B+ C145D X---- HO_ACCESS-----
----- SABM -------->
< --- UA ------------- -- ESTABLISH_INDICATION->
----- HO_FAILURE(reversion to old channel) ------------------------------------------>
C143C+ C143G ----- CLEAR_COMMAND ---------------------->
Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel
Release of connection
C145B,C143C: Forced DR
C145D,C143G: Normal DR
1.336
External directed retry indicators
Outgoing external DR - radio failure drop
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR fail: drop
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
ASSIGNT REQUEST
---------------------> TCH request queued
EDR condition met ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
MC144F ----------CR(HO_REQUEST) ------------------->
< -------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT---------->
< --- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------- Start T9113
(HO-COMMAND) included
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
Start T8 X--- HO_ACCESS-----
C145B+ C145D X---- HO_ACCESS-----
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
T8 expiry ----- CLEAR_REQUEST->
C143D+ C143H Radio interface message fail
Release of connection
C145B,C143D: Forced DR
C145D,C143H: Normal DR
169
1.337
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR counters
External directed retry indicators
Outgoing external DR - counters
Preparation Request MC144F, C144B+C144D
Any preparation failure (C144B+C144D) - (C145B+C145D)
Attempt C145B+C145D
Reversion old channel C143C+C143G
Drop radio C143D+C143H
BSS Pb (C145+C145D) - (C143C+C143G+C143D+C143H)
Success MC142F, C142B+C142D
Execution
OUTGOING EXTERNAL Directed Retry
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
REVERSION OLD CHANNEL
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
1.338
External directed retry indicators
Outgoing external DR - indicators
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR indicators
t See comments
170
1.339
ANNEX 4
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
1.340
t Signaling Links
A-Interface MT-Link signaling #7 System with SCCP
MSC BSC
BSC
BTS
Abis Interface RSL with LAPD Protocol
BTS
MS
Air-Interface (CCCH/SACCH/FACCH) with LAPDm Protocol
BSC OMC-R
OML Link with X25 connection LAPB Protocol
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
171
1.341
The reference Model
7 Application
6 Presentation
4 Transport
5 Session
2 Data Link
3 Network
1 Physical
User of Transport Service
Transport Service Network
Service
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
1.342
t Layer 1
l Physical; Responsible for the transparent transmission of
information across the physical medium (HDB3, PCM, AMI)
t Layer 2
l Data Link; Responsible for providing a reliable transfer
between the terminal and the network (#7, LAPD,etc.)
t Layer 3
l Network; responsible for setting up and maintaining the
connection across a network (CM, MM, RR, Message
routing, etc.)
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
172
1.343
t Layer 4
l Transport; responsible for the control of quality of service
(Layer of information)
t Layer 5
l Session; Handles the coordination between the user
processes (Set up transfer of information)
t Layer 6
l Presentation; responsible for ensuring that the information
is presented to the eventual user in a meaningful way
(Type format. Ex. ASCII)
t Layer 7
l Application; provides user interface to lower levels
(Operating System)
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
1.344
BTS
PSTN
ISDN
Air Intfc Abis Intfc A Intfc B .. F Intfc
MS
BSC MSC
CM
MM
RR
LAPDm
digit
radio
RR BSSAP
LAPDm LAPD
digit
radio
64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s
LAPD
RR
BTSM
BSSAP
CM
MM
BSSAP
SCCP
MTP
SCCP
MTP
LAYER 2
LAYER 1
LAYER 3
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
t BSS protocol stacks
173
1.345
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
SSCS
SSTM 3
SSTM 2
SSCS
SSTM 3
SSTM 2
SSGT
MAP
SSGT
MAP
SSCS
SSTM 3
SSTM 2
PCM TS
DTAP
SSCS
SSTM 3
SSTM 2
PCM TS
DTAP
LAPD LAPDm LAPD
SS (SMS) SS (SMS)
BSS
MAP
MM
CC
BSS
MAP
RR
RR
RR' BTSM BTSM
LAPDm
(SMS)
SS
CC
MM
(Relay)
MS BTS BSC MSC / VLR
NSS
(ex. : HLR)
Um A bis A (D)
1
2
3
(Relay
64 kbit/s
or PCM TS
64 kbit/s
or PCM TS
PCM TS PCM TS
Phycal
Layer
t BSS protocol stacks (detailed)
Phycal
Layer
1.346
t Signaling on the A Interface
l Uses #7 with Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
with a new Application Base Station Application Part
(BSSAP). BSSAP is divided into Direct Transfer Application
Part (DTAP) and Base Station Subsystem Management
Application Part (BSSMAP)
DTAP
BSSMAP
SCCP
MTP 1-3
User Data
Layer 1-3
BSSAP
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
174
1.347
t BSSMAP
l Contains the messages, which are exchanged between the BSC and the
MSC and which are evaluated from the BSC.
l In fact all the messages, which are exchanged as RR (Radio Resource
Management Services between the MSC, BSC and MS). Also control
Information concerning the MSC and BSC.
l Example: Paging, HND_CMD, Reset
t DTAP
l Messages which are exchanged between an NSS and an MS
transparent. In this case, the BSC transfers the messages without
evaluation transparent. Mainly Messages from Mobility Management
(MM) and Call control (CC)
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
1.348
t Relationship between DTAP, CC, MM, BSSMAP, RR
MS
BSS
MSC
Call Control (CC) DTAP
Radio Resource (RR)
BSSMAP
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
Back
175
1.349
ANNEX 5
B8 Improvements summary
B8 Improvements summary B8
1.350
t Location Services (LCS)
t SDDCH Dynamic allocation
t Counters Improvement
l Inter PLMN HO
l 3G to 2G HO (and 2G to 2G only)
l Dual band HO (New type: 32)
l LapD congestion counter
l QOS Followup
TCH assignment failure BSS PB now detailed
HO Attempts for Fast Traffic added in type 110
AMR counters added in type 110
MS penetration (per speech version and channel type) was type 1 counters
now available in type 110
HO Causes: type 26 extended from 1 to 40 cells
Directed retry: type 29 becomes a standard (for PMC)
B8 Improvements summary B8