Arch. Mech., 56, 5, pp.

357376, Warszawa 2004

Maysels formula in the generalized linear micropolar
thermoviscoelasticity
AHMED S. EL-KARAMANY
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education,
Rustaq- 329, P. O. Box 272,
SULTANATE OF OMAN
e-mail: aelkaramani@yahoo.com
Generalizations of Maysels formula to generalized linear micropolar thermo-
viscoelasticity is given. Fundamental solutions in the Laplace transform domain are
obtained. The results are applicable to the following generalized thermoelasticity the-
ories: LordShulman theory with one relaxation time, GreenLindsay theory with two
relaxation times, GreenNaghdi theory of type III, and the Chandrasekharaiah and
Tzou theory with dual-phase lag, as well as to the dynamic coupled theory. The cases
of generalized linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity of the KelvinVoigt model, and
the generalized linear micropolar thermoelasticity can be obtained from the given re-
sults.
Key words: Maysels formula, generalized micropolar thermoviscoelasticity, vis-
coelasticity, generalized thermoelasticity, greens functions, fundamental solutions.
Notations
ui components of displacement vector,
ij components of force stress tensor,
mij components of couple stress tensor,
eij components of strain tensor,
ij components of micro-strain tensor,
ri components of rotation vector,
i components of micro-rotation vector,
e = e
kk
=
kk
dilatation,
Mi mass couple vector,
Fi mass force vector,
density,
J micro-inertia coecient,
ij Kronecker delta,

ijk
permutation tensor,
a coecient of linear thermal expansion,
t time,
, , k, , , elastic coecients,
= (3 + 2 +k)a,
R

(t), ( = , , k, , , ) relaxation functions,

358 Ahmed S. El-Karamany
= ii = i,i,
q phase-lag of heat ux,

phase-lag of temperature gradient,

T absolute temperature,
T0 reference temperature chosen so that
|T T0|
T0
1,
= T T0,

= +

,
K thermal conductivity,
C
E
specic heat at constant strain,
Q intensity of applied heat source per unit mass;
n

, n1, n0, t1, t2, , 0 constants,

v retardation period of the KelvinVoigt model.
1. Introduction
The general theory of linear and nonlinear micropolar continuum mechanics
was given by Eringen and Suhubi [1, 2], Eringen [3, 4]. It was extended to
include thermal eects by Nowacki [5], Eringen [6, 7], Tauchert et al. [8],
Tauchert [9] and Nowacki and Olszak [10]. One can refer to Dhaliwal
and Singh [11] for a review on the micropolar thermoelasticity and a historical
survey of the subject, as well as to the continuum physics series by Eringen
and Kafadar [12] in which the general theory of micromorphic media has been
summed up. The micropolar viscoelasticty theory was investigated by many au-
thors (e.g. Eringen [13]).
Biot [14] formulated the theory of coupled thermoelasticity to eliminate the
paradox inherent in the classical uncoupled theory that elastic changes have no
eect on the temperature. The heat equations for both theories are of parabolic
type, predicting innite speeds of propagation for heat waves contrary to physical
observations. Hetnarski and Ignaczak in their survey article [15] examined
ve generalizations to the coupled theory and obtained a number of important
analytical results. The rst generalization is due to Lord and Shulman [16]
(LS theory). The second generalization to the coupled theory is known as the
generalized theory with two relaxation times (GL theory) [17]. One can refer to
Ignaczak [18] for a review, presentation of the two theories and some important
results obtained in this eld. The third generalization to the coupled theory is
known as the thermoelasticity without energy dissipation, proposed by Green
and Naghdi [19] (GN theory of type II ). The so-called GreenNaghdi theory
of type III, can be derived from Green and Naghdi [20, 21]. The fourth Gen-
eralization is the low temperature thermoelastic model due to Hetnarski and
Ignaczak (the HI theory), which is characterized by a system of nonlinear eld
equations. The fth generalization to the coupled theory is known as the dual-
phase-lag thermoelasticity, proposed by Chandrasekharaiah and Tzou [22]
(CT theory), which can be considered as an extension of the LS theory [15].
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 359
The technique frequently used in isothermal elasticity [23], known as Bettis
method, has been extended to thermoelasticity by V.M. Maysel [24], who de-
duced on the basis of reciprocity theorem a method of integration of the bound-
ary value problems of thermoelasticity. The Maysel formula to determine the
displacements u
j
(x) in a body D, due to the action of a steady temperature
eld T, has the form u
j
(x) = a
_
D
T(y)
(j)
kk
(y, x)dV (y), where
(j)
kk
is the sum
of normal stresses, at the point y of the elastic body in the isothermal state
(T = 0), due to the action of a concentrated unit force located at the point x in
the direction of the x
j
-axis.
Maysels formula (published in Russian) became known to a wider audi-
ence through Nowackis famous monograph [25], where it was used also for the
quasi-static problems. Extensions of Maysels method to quasi-static problems
for viscoelastic bodies were given by Nowacki [26]. Nowacki generalized Maysels
formula to the dynamic coupled thermoelasticity [27], to uncoupled micropolar
thermoelasticity [28] and obtained the Green functions for the micropolar ther-
moelasticity [29]. Maysels method is used extensively in the theory of plates and
shells. One can refer to Franz Ziegler and Hans Irschik [30] for the methods of
solutions in thermoelasticity, based on Maysels formula and its implementation
in the direct boundary integral equation methods.
In the present work, the mathematical model of generalized linear micropolar
thermoviscoelasticity is given. Generalizations of Maysels formula to the given
model are established. Fundamental solutions in Laplace transform domain are
obtained.
2. Mathematical model
Assume a linear micropolar thermoviscoelastic material occupies a regular
region D with a smooth boundary surface B in the three-dimensional Euclidian
space. The material is assumed to be microisotropic and isotropic. In this paper,
a rectangular coordinate system (x
1
, x
2
, x
3
) is employed. x is the position vector
and t the time. All the functions are considered to be functions of (x, t), dened
on D(= D B) [0, ). A superposed dot denotes dierentiation with respect
to time, while a comma denotes partial dierentiation with respect to the space
variables x
i
. The summation notation is used. The system of governing equations
of a linear micropolar thermoviscoelastic solid [5, 10, 13, 31] consists of:
Equations of motion (on D (0, ))
(2.1)
ji,j
+F
i
=

2
u
i
t
2
,
ijp

jp
+m
ji,j
+M
i
= J

2

i
t
2
.
360 Ahmed S. El-Karamany
Kinematic relations (on D (0, ))
(2.2)
ij
= e
ij

ijp
(r
p

p
), e
ij
=
1
2
(u
i,j
+u
j,i
), r
i
=
1
2

ipq
u
q,p
.
Constitutive laws (on D (0, ))
(2.3)
ij
=

(e)
ij
+ (2

+k

R
k
)(e
ij
) +k

R
k
(
ijp
(r
p

p
))
(3

+ 2

+k

R
k
)(a

)
ij
,
(2.4) m
ij
=

()
ij
+

(
i,j
) +

(
j,i
),
where the operator

R

(f), ( = , , k, , , ) is dened for any function f(x, t)

of class C
1
, as
(2.5)

R

(f) =

(f(x, t)) =
t
_
0
R

(t )
f(x, t)

d
and where R

(t) are six relaxation functions.

Using the kinematic relations, Eq. (2.3) takes the form
(2.6)
ji
=

(u
p,p
)
ij
+ (

+k

R
k
)(u
i,j
) +

(u
j,i
) +k

R
k
(
ijp

p
)
(3

+ 2

+k

R
k
)(a

)
ij
.
From Eqs. (2.1)(2.4) we get
(2.7) (

)(u
j,ji
) + (

+k

R
k
)(u
i,jj
) +k

R
k
(
ijp

p,j
)
(3

+ 2

+k

R
k
)(a

,i
) = ( u
i
F
i
),
(2.8) (

)(
j,ji
)+

(
i,jj
)+k

R
k
(
ijp
u
p,j
)2k

R
k
(
i
) = (J
i
M
i
).
The heat equation (on D (0, ))
(2.9) K
_
n

+t
1

t
_

,ii
= C
E
(n
1

+
0

+t
2
2
...
)
+T
0
a(3

+ 2

+k

R
k
)(n
1
e +n
0

0
e +t
2
2
...
e ) (n
1
Q+n
0

0

Q+t
2
2

Q).
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 361
Equations (2.7)(2.9) are the eld equations (on D(0, )) of the generalized
linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity, applicable to the coupled theory in four
generalizations, and to several special cases as follows:
1. The equations of the coupled linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity, when
(2.10) n

= n
1
= 1, t
1
= t
2
=
0
= = 0, n
0

0
= 0.
2. The equations of the generalized linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity
with one relaxation time (LS theory), when
(2.11) n

= n
1
= 1, n
0
= 1, t
1
= t
2
= = 0,
0
> 0,
where
0
is relaxation time.
3. The equations of the generalized linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity
with two relaxation times (GL theory), when
(2.12) n

= n
1
= 1, n
0
= 0, t
1
= t
2
= 0,
0
> 0,
where and
0
are two relaxation times.
4. The equations of the generalized linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity
in case of the linearized GN theory of type III, when
(2.13) n

> 0, n
1
= 0, n
0
= 1, t
1
= 1, t
2
= = 0,
0
= 1.
Here n

= const has the dimension of [1/sec], and (n

K = K

) is a characteristic
constant of this theory. It is worth noting that the linearized GN theory of type
I, reduces to the parabolic heat equation, and only the theory of type II involves
no energy dissipation [19].
5. The equations of the generalized linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity
with dual phase-lag (CT theory), when
(2.14)
n

= n
1
= n
0
= 1, t
1
=

> 0,
0
=
q
> 0,
t
2
2
=
1
2

2
q
, = 0,
q
> 0,

> 0.
6. The equations of the generalized linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity
of KelvinVoigt model can be obtained from the above equations by replacing
the operator

R

(f) with
(2.15) R
(v)

(f(x, t)) =
_
1 +
v

t
_
f(x, t),
where
v
> 0 is the retardation period of the KelvinVoigt model [32].
362 Ahmed S. El-Karamany
7. The equations of the generalized linear micropolar thermoelasticity can be
obtained from the equations (2.3), (2.4), (2.6)(2.14) by replacing the operator

(f) with the function f(x, t). The heat equation (2.9) in this case takes the
form
(2.16) K
_
n

+t
1

t
_

,ii
= C
E
_
n
1

+
0

+t
2
2
...

_
+T
0

_
n
1
e +n
0

0
e +t
2
2
...
e
_

_
n
1
Q+n
0

0

Q+t
2
2

Q
_
.
For example, the heat equation of the generalized linear micropolar ther-
moelasticity without energy dissipation (the linearized GN theory of type II ),
can be obtained from Eq. (2.16) when
(2.17) n

> 0, n
1
= 0, n
0
= 1, t
1
= t
2
= = 0,
0
= 1.
8. The corresponding equations of the generalized linear thermoviscoelasticity
can be obtained from the above system by setting k = 0,
i
= 0, M
i
= 0.
9. The corresponding equations of the generalized linear thermoviscoelasticity
of the KelvinVoigt model can be obtained from Eqs. (2.3), (2.4), (2.6)(2.14)
by setting k = 0,
i
= 0, M
i
= 0 and replacing the operator (2.5) by the
operator (2.15).
10. The corresponding equations of the generalized linear thermoelasticity
can be obtained from the equations (2.3), (2.4), (2.6)(2.14) by replacing

R

(f)
by f, and setting k = 0,
i
= 0, M
i
= 0.
The system of equations (2.7)(2.9) is completed by the initial and boundary
conditions.
The Initial conditions will be assumed homogeneous
(2.18) u
i
(x, t) = 0,
i
(x, t) = 0, (x, t) = 0, x D, t 0,
(2.19)

n
u
i
(x, t)
t
n
= 0,

n

i
(x, t)
t
n
= 0,

n
(x, t)
t
n
= 0,
x D, t 0, (n 1).
The boundary conditions

ji
n
j
= f
i
(x

, t) on B

(0, );
(2.20)
u
i
= g
i
(x
Bu
, t) on B
u
(0, ),
m
ji
n
j
=
i
(x
Bm
, t) on B
m
(0, );
(2.21)

i
=
i
(x
B
, t) on B

(0, ),
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 363
(2.22) = (x
B
1
, t) on B
1
(0, );
,n
= G(x
B
2
, t) on B
2
(0, ),
where the functions f
i
, g
i
,
i
,
i
, and G are given functions, equal to zero when
t 0. (B
u
, B

), (B

, B
m
) and (B
1
, B
2
) are three partitions of the boundary
surface B such that B = B
u
B

= B

B
m
= B
1
B
2
, B
u
B

= B

B
m
=
B
1
B
2
= , and n
i
= n
i
(x
B
) are the components of the outer normal vector
to the surface at x
B
.
3. The formulation of the problem in the Laplace transform domain
Performing the Laplace transform dened as f(x, s) =

_
0
e
s t
f(x, t)dt over
Eqs. (2.1), (2.4) and (2.6) with homogeneous initial conditions and omitting the
bars, we obtain

ji,j
= (s
2
u
i
F
i
);
ijl

jl
+m
ji,j
= (Js
2

i
M
i
),

ji
=
1
u
l,l

ij
+ (
1
+k
1
)u
i,j
+
1
u
j,i
+k
1

ijl

l

1

ij
, (3.1)
m
ji
=
1

ij
+
1

j,i
+
1

i,j
. (3.2)
The eld equations (2.7)(2.9) in Laplace transform domain take the form
(
1
+
1
) u
j,ji
+ (
1
+k
1
) u
i,jj
+k
1

ijl

l,j

1

, i
= (s
2
u
i
F
i
), (3.3)
(
1
+
1
)
j,ji
+
1

i,jj
+k
1

ijl
u
l,j
2k
1

i
= (Js
2

i
M
i
), (3.4)
K
3

,ii
= C
E
s
1
+T
0
s
1
u
i,i
Q, (3.5)
where

1
= s R

(s); ( = , , k, , , );
1
= (3
1
+ 2
1
+k
1
)a; (3.6)
(3.7)
= n
1
+n
0

0
s +t
2
2
s
2
,
1
= n
1
+
0
s +t
2
2
s
2
,

2
= 1 +s,
3
= n

+t
1
s.
R

(s) is the Laplace transform of the relaxation functions R

(t). (
1
= (1+
v
s)
for the KelvinVoigt model and
1
= for the generalized linear micropolar ther-
moelasticity). The boundary conditions (2.20)(2.22) in the Laplace transform
domain are

ji
(x
B
, s)n
j
= f
i
, u
i
(x
Bu
, s) = g
i
, m
ji
(x
Bm
, s)n
j
=
i
,

i
(x
B
, s) =
i
, (x
B
1
, s) = ,
,i
(x
B
2
, s)n
i
= G.
364 Ahmed S. El-Karamany
The reciprocity relation in the Laplace transform domain for the generalized
micropolar thermoviscoelasticity theory is [31]:
(3.8) T
0
s
_
_
_
D
F
(1)
i
u
(2)
i
dV +
_
D
M
(1)
i

(2)
i
dV
_
_

2
_
D
Q
(1)

(2)
dV
+ T
0
s
_
_
_
Bu

(1)
ji
n
j
g
(2)
i
dA+
_
B
f
(1)
i
u
(2)
i
dA+
_
B
m
(1)
ji
n
j

(2)
i
dA
+
_
Bm

(1)
i

(2)
i
dA
_
_
K
3

2
_
_
_
B
1

(1)
,n

(2)
dA+
_
B
2
G
(1)

(2)
dA
_
_
= S
12
21
.
Here S
12
21
indicates the same expression as that on the left-hand side, except that
superscripts (1) and (2) are interchanged.
4. Generalizations of Maysels formula
The problem to be solved will consist in determination of u
i
(x, t),
i
(x, t) and
(x, t), x D, t > 0, i.e. the solution of the system of equations (2.7)(2.9), sub-
jected to the homogeneous initial conditions (2.18) and (2.19), and the boundary
conditions:
(4.1)
u
i
(x
B
, t) = g
i
(x
B
, t),
i
(x
B
, t) =
i
(x
B
, t),

,n
(x
B
, t) = G(x
B
, t), x
B
B
2
= B
u
= B

,
(4.2)

ij
(x
B
, t)n
j
(x
B
) = f
i
(x
B
, t), m
ij
(x
B
, t)n
j
(x
B
) =
i
(x
B
, t),
(x
B
, t) = (x
B
, t), x
B
B
1
= B

= B
m
,
where g
i
(x
B
, t),
i
(x
B
, t), (x
B
, t), f
i
(x
B
, t),
i
(x
B
, t) and G(x
B
, t) are given
functions.
Consider now the three cases:
Case 1. We assume that F
i
= 0, M
i
= 0 and that an instantaneous source
of heat located at x
i
= y
i
where y (DB), is acting upon a linear micropolar
viscoelastic body, i.e. we assume Q = Q
0
(R) (t), F
i
= 0, M
i
= 0, where Q
0
> 0
is constant, R =
_
(x
i
y
i
) (x
i
y
i
) and (...) is a Dirac delta function. Thus
in the Laplace transform domain (omitting the bars) we have
(4.3) Q = Q
0
(R), F
i
= 0, M
i
= 0.
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 365
The corresponding fundamental solutions of the system of Eqs. (3.4)(3.6) are
(4.4) u
(1)
i
,
(1)
i
,
(1)
.
Case 2. We assume now that Q = 0, M
i
= 0 and an instantaneous concen-
trated body force F
i
= F
(j)
i
= F
0
(x y) (t)
ij
is acting at the point x
i
= y
i
,
where y (DB), in the direction of x
j
-axis, where F
0
> 0 is constant. Taking
the Laplace transform of F
i
and omitting the bars, we have
(4.5) F
i
= F
(j)
i
=
ij
F
0
(R), Q = 0, M
i
= 0.
The corresponding fundamental solutions (Greens functions) are
(4.6) u
(j)
i
,
(j)
i
,
(j)
.
Case 3. We assume now that Q = 0, F
i
= 0 and an instantaneous con-
centrated body couple force M
i
= M
(q)
i
= M
0
(x y) (t)
iq
is acting at the
point x
i
= y
i
, where y (D B), in the direction of x
q
-axis, where M
0
> 0 is
constant. The Laplace transform of M
i
is
(4.7) M
(q)
i
=
iq
M
0
(R), Q = 0, F
i
= 0.
The corresponding fundamental solutions are
(4.8) u
(q)
i
,
(q)
i
,
(q)
.
Assuming the boundary conditions to be satised by the fundamental solutions
(4.4), (4.6) and (4.8) in the form:
g
(l)
i
(x
B
, s) =
(l)
i
(x
B
, s) = G
(l)
(x
B
, s) = 0, x
B
B
2
= B
u
= B

, (4.9)
f
(l)
i
(x
B
, s) =
(l)
i
(x
B
, s) =
(l)
(x
B
, s) = 0, x
B
B
1
= B

= B
m
; (4.10)
where l = 1, j, q, and substituting from Eqs. (4.1)(4.10) into the reciprocity
relation (3.8), one obtains the generalizations of Maysels formula, in the Laplace
transform domain, to the generalized micropolar thermoviscoelasticity theory in
the form:
(4.11)
2
Q
0
(x, s) =
2
_
D
Q
(1)
dV T
0
s
_
D
F
i
u
(1)
i
dV
+K
3

2
_
_
_
B
2
G
(1)
dA
_
B
1

(1)
,n
dA
_
_
+T
0
s
_
_
_
B
2
g
i

(1)
ji
n
j
dA
_
B
1
f
i
u
(1)
i
dA
_
_
,
366 Ahmed S. El-Karamany
(4.12) F
0
T
0
su
j
(x, s) =
2
_
D
Q
(j)
dV
+T
0
s
_
_
_
D
F
i
u
(j)
i
dV +
_
D
M
i

(j)
i
dV
_
_
+T
0
s
_
_
_
B
1
f
i
u
(j)
i
dA
_
B
2
g
i

(j)
ki
n
k
dA+
_
B
1

(j)
i
dA
_
B
2

i
m
(j)
ki
n
k
dA
_
_
+K
3

2
_
_
_
B
1

(j)
,n
dA
_
B
2
G
(j)
dA
_
_
,
(4.13) M
0

q
(x, s) =
_
_
_
D
F
i
u
(q)
i
dV +
_
D
M
i

(q)
i
dV
_
_
+
_
B
1
f
i
u
(q)
i
dA
_
B
2
g
i

(q)
ki
n
k
dA+
_
B
1

(q)
i
dA
_
B
2

i
m
(q)
ki
n
k
dA.
For all the considered generalized theories we have in view Eqs. (2.9)(2.14),
(2.16), (2.17) and (3.7): t
1
= t
2
= n
0
t
0
= 0 and therefore
(4.14)

2
= (n
1
+
2
s +t
2
2
s
2
),
2

3
= (n

+
1
s),

1
= (n

+t
1
),
2
= (n
1
+n
0

0
).
Inverting Eqs. (4.1)(4.13) we obtain the generalizations of Maysels formula in
the form
(4.15)
L
1
((x, t)) = W
M
1
(x, t); L
2
(u
j
(x, t)) = W
M
2
(x, t),

q
(x, t) = W
M
3
(x, t); x D
where W
M
1
(x, t), W
M
2
(x, t), and W
M
3
(x, t) are listed in the Appendix.
L
1
(f(x, t)) =
_
n
1
+
2

t
+t
2
2

2
t
2
_
f (x, t) ,
L
2
(f(x, t) =
_
n
1
+n
0

t
+t
2
2

2
t
2
_
f(x, t).
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 367
From Eqs. (4.15) we obtain the following generalizations of Maysels formula:
(i) For the dynamic coupled theory:
(x, t) = W
MC
1
(x, t),
u
j
(x, t) = W
MC
2
(x, t),
q
(x, t) = W
MC
3
(x, t).
(ii) For the LS theory:
(x, t) =
1

0
e
t/
0
t
_
0
e
/
0
W
MLS
1
(x, )d,
u
j
(x, t) =
1

0
e
t/
0
t
_
0
e
/
0
W
MLS
2
(x, )d,

q
(x, t) = W
MLS
3
(x, t).
(iii) For the GL theory:
(x, t) =
1

e
t/
t
_
0
e
/
W
MGL
1
(x, )d,
u
j
(x, t) = W
MGL
2
(x, t),
q
(x, t) = W
MGL
3
(x, t).
(iv) For the GN theory of Type III:
(x, t) =
t
_
0
W
MGN
3
1
(x, )d,
u
j
(x, t) =
t
_
0
W
MGN
3
2
(x, )d,
q
(x, t) = W
MGN
3
3
(x, t).
(v) For the CT theory:
(x, t) =
2

q
e
t/q
_

1
sin(t/
q
)
2
cos(t/
q
)
_
,
u
j
(x, t) =
2

q
e
t/q
_
u
1
sin(t/
q
) u
2
cos(t/
q
)
_
,

q
(x, t) = W
MCT
3
(x, t).
368 Ahmed S. El-Karamany
Here

1
=
t
_
0
e
/q
cos(/
q
) W
MCT
1
(x, )d,

2
=
t
_
0
e
/q
sin(/
q
)W
MCT
1
(x, ) d,
u
1
=
t
_
0
e
/q
cos(/
q
)W
MCT
2
(x, ) d,
u
2
=
t
_
0
e
/q
sin(/
q
)W
MCT
2
(x, ) d.
(vi) For the GN theory of Type II (for the micropolar thermoelasticity theory):
(x, t) =
t
_
0
W
MGN
2
1
(x, )d,
u
j
(x, t) =
t
_
0
W
MGN
2
2
(x, )d,
q
(x, t) = W
MGN
2
3
(x, t).
5. The fundamental solutions
According to the Helmholtz theorem [25], the displacement and the body
forces can be expressed in the form:
(5.1) u
i
=
,i
+
ijk

k,j
,
i, i
= 0; F
i
= X
,i
+
ijk
Y
k,j
, Y
i, i
= 0,
(5.2)
i
=
,i
+
i
,
i,i
= 0; M
i
= J(Z
, i
+N
i
), N
i, i
= 0,
where , X, , Z are the scalar potentials and
k
, Y
k
,
k
, N
k
are the vector
potentials of the vector elds u
i
, F
i
,
i
and M
i
respectively. Equations (5.1) and
(5.2) with Eqs. (3.3)(3.5) lead to
(5.3)
(
2
P
2
1
) b
1
=
X
C
2
1
; (
2
P
2
2
)
i
+b
2

i
=
Y
i
C
2
2
;
(
2
a
2
3
) =
Z
C
2
3
, (
2
a
2
4
)
i
b
4

i
=
N
i
C
2
4
;
(
2
P
2
) b
2
= b
0
Q,
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 369
where, taking into consideration Eqs. (3.6) and (3.7), a
2
3
= P
2
3
+b
3
, a
2
4
= P
2
4
+2b
4
and
C
2
1
=
(
1
+ 2
1
+k
1
)

, C
2
2
=

1
+k
1

,
C
2
3
=

1
+
1
+
1
J
, C
2
4
=

1
J
,
P
n
=
s
C
n
, (n = 1, 2, 3, 4);
P
2
=
C
E
s
1
K
3
, b
0
=

K
3
,
b =

1
T
0
s
K
3
, b
1
=

1

2
C
2
1
,
b
2
=
k
1

1
+k
1
, b
3
=
2k
1

1
+
1
+
1
, b
4
=
k
1

1
.
To obtain u
(1)
i
,
(1)
i
,
(1)
in the Laplace transform domain, we substitute the re-
lation (4.3) into the system of the governing equations (5.3), using the Helmholtz
equation [33]
(5.4)
1

2
m
2
n
[(R)] =
1
4R
e
mnR
and introducing the notations
E
n
= (1)
n1
e
mnR
,
n
= (1)
n1
_
1
R
+m
n
_
e
mnR
,
V
n
= 3
n
+m
2
n
RE
n
, A
1
=
Q
0
b
0
b
1
4(m
2
1
m
2
2
)
we obtain for an innite region, with the homogeneous initial conditions [27]
the result:

(1)
= 0,
(1)
i
= 0,
(1)
i
= 0,
(1)
i
= 0, r
(1)
i
= 0, m
ij
= m
ji
= 0

(1)
=
A
1
R
2

1
E
n
, u
(1)
i
=
A
1
R
, i
R
2

n
,
(1)
=
A
1
b
1
R
2

1
(m
2
n
P
2
1
)E
n
,
where m
2
1
, m
2
2
are the roots of the characteristic equation:
m
4
(P
2
1
+b
1
b +P
2
)m
2
+P
2
1
P
2
= 0.
The fundamental solutions u
(j)
i
,
(j)
i
,
(j)
are obtained by substituting from
Eqs. (4.5) into Eqs. (5.3). Taking into consideration that
ilk
Y
(j)
k,li
= 0 and
370 Ahmed S. El-Karamany

iqp
X
(j)
,iq
= 0, using Eq. (5.4) with m
n
= 0 and Eq. (5.1)
2
with Eqs. (4.5),
we obtain X
(j)
=
F
0
4
_

ij
R
_
,i
and Y
(j)
k
=
F
0
4

iqk
_

qj
R
_
,i
. The governing
Eqs. (5.3) now lead to:

(j)
=
B
0

ij
R
,i
R
2
+

ij
R
,i
R
2

n
,
(j)
=
B
1

ij
R
,i
R
2

n
,
where

n
=
(m
2
n
P
2
)F
0
4C
2
1
m
2
n
(m
2
2
m
2
1
)
and B
0
=
F
0
4s
2
, B
1
=
bF
0
4C
2
1
(m
2
1
m
2
2
)
,

(j)
i
=
jik
_
A
2
b
4
R
,k
R
4

n
_
,
(j)
i
=
ijk
_
R
,k
R
_
_
B
0
R

4

n
_
,
u
(j)
i
(x, y, s) =
U
1

ij
R
2

U
2
R
,i
R
,j
R
2
,

(j)
i
=
(j)
i
=
jil
_
A
2
b
4
R
,l
R
4

n
_
,
(j)
i, i
= 0,
where m
2
3
and m
2
4
are the roots of the following second characteristic equation:
m
4

_
P
2
2
+a
2
4
b
2
b
4
_
m
2
+a
2
4
P
2
2
= 0,
A
2
=
F
0
4C
2
2
(m
2
3
m
2
4
)
,

n
=
A
2
_
m
2
n
a
2
4
_
m
2
n
,
U
1
=
2

n
+
4

n
(
n
+Rm
2
n
E
n
), U
2
=
2

n
V
n
+
4

n
V
n
.
To determine the Green functions u
(q)
i
,
(q)
i
,
(q)
we substitute from Eqs. (4.7)
into the governing equations (5.3), and we obtain, for an innite region, taking
into consideration the homogeneous initial conditions
(q)
= 0, e
(q)
= 0 and

(q)
= 0.
From Eqs. (4.7) and (5.2) we get
Z
(q)
=
M
0

iq
R
,i
4JR
2
, N
(q)
i
=
M
0
J
_

iq
(R) +
1
4
_
1
R
_
,iq
_
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 371
from which and Eq. (5.3)
3
we obtain
(q)
=
A
3
R
,i

iq
R
2
_
1 (1 +a
3
R)e
a
3
R

,
therefore

(q)
,i
=
A
3
(3R
,i
R
,q

iq
)
R
3
_
1 (1 +a
3
R)e
a
3
R

+
A
3
a
2
3
R
,i
R
,q
e
a
3
R
R
,

(q)
i
=
U
3
(3R
,i
R
,q

iq
)
R
3

2A
4

iq
3R
4

3
E
n
,

(q)
i
=
U
4
(3R
,i
R
,q

iq
)
b
2
R
3
+
2
iq
A
4
3b
2
R
4

3
_
m
2
n
P
2
2
_
E
n
,
u
(q)
i
=
ilq
_
A
4
R
,l
R
4

n
_
,
(q)
i
=
(q)
,i
+
(q)
i
.
Here
U
3
= B
3
+
A
4
R
3
4

3
V
n
m
2
n
, U
4
= P
2
2
B
3
+
A
4
R
3
4

3
_
m
2
n
P
2
2
m
2
n
_
V
n
,
A
3
=
M
0
4JC
2
3
a
2
3
, A
4
=
M
0
b
2
4JC
2
4
(m
2
3
m
2
4
)
,
and
B
3
=
M
0
b
2
4JC
2
4
m
2
3
m
2
4
.
6. Conclusions
1. For the linear micropolar thermoviscoelasticity and the generalizations of
Maysels formula to the dynamic coupled theory, four generalized theories are
obtained. The corresponding generalizations to the linear micropolar thermovis-
coelasticity of KelvinVoigt model and to the linear micropolar thermoelasticity
can be obtained from the given results as special cases.
2. The Green functions for an innite region are obtained in Laplace trans-
form domain. Appropriate numerical methods for evaluating the corresponding
expressions should be applied for the implementations of the generalizations of
Maysels formula.
372 Ahmed S. El-Karamany
Appendix
W
M
1
(x, t) =
1
Q
0
t
_
0
_
D
Q(y, t )L
1
(
(1)
(y, x, )) dV (y) d

T
0

Q
0
t
_
0
_
D
F
i
(y, t )
L
2
(u
(1)
i
(y, x, ))

dV (y) d
+
T
0
Q
0
_
_
t
_
0
_
B
2
g
i
(y, t )
L
2
(
(1)
ji
(y, x, )n
j
)

dA(y) d

t
_
0
_
B
1
f
i
(y, t )
L
2
(u
(1)
i
(y, x, ))

dA(y) d
_
_
+
K
Q
0
_
_
t
_
0
_
B
2
G(y, t ) L
3
(
(1)
(y, x, )) dA(y) d

t
_
0
_
B
1
(y, t ) L
3
(
(1)
,n
(y, x, )) dA(y) d
_
_
;
W
M
2
(x, t) =
1
F
0
t
_
0
_
D
F
i
(y, t ) L
2
(u
(j)
i
(y, x, )) dV (y)d
+
1
F
0
t
_
0
_
D
M
i
(y, t ) L
2
(
(j)
i
(y, x, )) dV (y)d

1
F
0
T
0

t
_
0
_
D
Q(y, t ) L

1
(
(j)
(y, x, )) dV (y) d
+
K
F
0
T
0

_
_
t
_
0
_
B
1
(y, t ) L

3
(
(j)
,n
(y, x, )) dA(y) d

t
_
0
_
B
2
G(y, t ) L

3
(
(j)
(y, x, )) dA(y) d
_
_
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 373
[cont.] +
1
F
0

_
_
t
_
0
_
B
1
f
i
(y, t ) L
2
(u
(j)
i
(y, x, ))dA(y) d

t
_
0
_
B
2
g
i
(y, t )L
2
(
(j)
ki
(y, x, )n
k
) dA(y) d
_
_
+
1
F
0

_
_
t
_
0
_
B
1

i
(y, t ) L
2
(
(j)
i
(y, x, )) dA(y) d

t
_
0
_
B
2

i
(y, t )L
2
(m
(j)
ki
(y, x, )n
k
) dA(y) d
_
_
;
W
M
3
(x, t) =
1
M
0
_
_
t
_
0
_
D
F
i
(y, t ) u
(q)
i
(y, x, ) dV (y)d
+
t
_
0
_
D
M
i
(y, t )
(q)
i
(y, x, )dV (y)d
_
_
+
1
M
0

_
_
t
_
0
_
B
1
f
i
(y, t )u
(q)
i
(y, x, )dA(y) d

t
_
0
_
B
2
g (y, t )
(q)
ji
(y, x, )n
j
dA(y) d
_
_
+
1
M
0

_
_
t
_
0
_
B
1

i
(y, t )
(q)
i
(y, x, )dA(y) d

t
_
0
_
B
2

i
(y, t )m
(q)
ji
(y, x, )n
j
dA(y) d
_
_
,
where
L
3
(f(x, t)) =
_
n

+
1

t
_
f(x, t),
374 Ahmed S. El-Karamany
L

1
(f) =

_
0
L
1
(f(y, x, ))d,
L

3
(f) =

_
0
L
3
(f(y, x, ))d,
L
1
(f) = L
2
(f) = L
3
(f) = f (for the DCT),
L
1
(f) = L
2
(f) =
_
1 +
0

t
_
f, L
3
(f) = f (for LS theory),
L
1
(f) = L
3
(f) =
_
1 +

t
_
f, L
2
(f) = f (for GL theory),
L
1
(f) = L
2
(f) =
f
t
,
L
3
(f) =
_
n

+

t
_
f
(for GN theory of Type III)
L
1
(f) = L
2
(f) =
_
1 +
q

t
+

2
q
2

2
t
2
_
f,
(for CT theory), and
L
3
(f) =
_
1 +

t
_
f,
L
1
(f) = L
2
(f) =
f
t
, L
3
(f) = n

f (for GN theory of Type II).

References
1. A.C. Eringen and E.S. Suhubi, Nonlinear theory of simple microelastic solids, Part I,
Int. J. Engng. Sci., 2, 189203, 1964.
2. A.C. Eringen and E.S. Suhubi, Nonlinear theory of simple microelastic solids, Part II,
Int. J. Engng. Sci., 2, 389404, 1964.
3. A.C. Eringen, Linear theory of micropolar elasticity, ONR Tech. Rep. No. 29 (School
of Aeronautics, Aeronautics and Engineering Science, Purdue Univ., 1965).
4. A.C. Eringen, Linear theory of micropolar elasticity, J. Math. Mech., 15, 909923, 1966.
5. W. Nowacki Couple stresses in the theory of thermoelasticity I, Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci.,
Ser. Sci. Tech., 14, 2, 129138, 1966, W. Nowacki, Couple stresses in the theory of ther-
moelasticity II, Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. Sci. Tech., 14, 3, 263272, 1966; W. Nowacki
Couple stresses in the theory of thermoelasticity III, Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. Sci. Tech.,
14, 8, 801809, 1966.
6. A.C. Eringen A unied theory of thermomechanical materials, Int. J. Engng. Sci., 4,
179202, 1966.
Maysels formula in the generalized linear ... 375
7. A.C. Eringen, Foundation of micropolar thermoelasticity, Courses and Lectures No. 23,
CISM, Udine (SpringerVerlag, Vienna and New York, 1970).
8. T.R. Tauchert, W.D. Claus Jr., and T. Ariman, The linear theory of micropolar
thermoelasticity, Int. J. Engng. Sci., 6, 3647, 1968.
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Received April 10, 2003; revised version May 14, 2004.