CK College of Engineering & Technology

(A unit of CavinKare Academy)

(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to Anna University)

Jayaram Nagar, Chellangkuppam, Cuddalore

Department of Mechanical Engineering

QUESTION BANK SUBJECT CODE & NAME : ME 2204 / FMM UNIT- I -INTRODUCTION PART-A (2 Marks) 1. Define fluids and classify the different fluids. 2. What are the properties of ideal fluid and real fluid? 3. Define density and specific weight. 4. Define Specific volume and Specific Gravity. 5. Define Surface tension and Capillarity. 6. Define relative Viscosity or specific viscosity. 7. Define kinematic viscosity and give its dimension 8. Define Relative or Specific viscosity. 9. What is the effect of temperature on viscosity of water and that of air? 10. Define Compressibility of a fluid. 11. Define Newton law of Viscosity. 12. Write continuity equation. 13. Define Pascal law. 14. Define absolute, Gauge, Vacuum pressure. 15. Distinguish between manometer and mechanical Gauges 16. What are the different types of Mechanical pressure Gauges? 17. What is meant by impulse momentum equation? 18. Differentiate between Newtonian and Non Newtonian fluid. 19. Define Mass density and weight density of a fluid. 20. Calculate the height of a capillary rise for water in a glass tube of diameter 1 mm. YEAR/SEM : II/III

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PART - B 1. a) What are the different types fluids? Explain each type. (8) b) Discuss the properties of fluids (8) 2. a) One litre of crude oil weighs 9.6 N. Calculate its Specific weight, density and specific weight. (8) b) The Velocity Distribution for flow over a flat plate is given by u= (2/3) y-y2, Where u is the point velocity in meters per second at a distance y metre above the plate. Determine the shear stress at y=0 and y=15 cm. Assume dynamic viscosity as 8.63 poises (8) 3. a) A plate, 0.025 mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 50 cm/s and requires a force of 1.471 N/ m2 to maintain this speed. Determine the fluid viscosity between plates in the poise. (8) Dec 2010 b) Determine the intensity of shear of an oil having viscosity =1.2 poise and is used for lubrication in the clearance between a 10 cm diameter shaft and its journal bearing. The clearance is 1.0 mm and Shaft rotates at 200 r.p.m (8) 4. a) Two plates are placed at a distance of 0.15mm apart. The lower plate is fixed while the upper plate having surface area 1.0 m2 is pulled at 0.3 Nm/s. Find the force and power required to maintain this speed, if the fluid separating them is having viscosity 1.5 poise. (8) b) An oil film of thickness 1.5 mm is used for lubrication between a square plate of size 0.9m x 0.9m and an inclined plane having an angle of inclination 200. The weight of square plate is 392.4 N and its slides down the plane with a uniform velocity of 0.2 m/s. find the dynamic viscosity of the oil. (8) 5. a) Assuming the bulk modulus of elasticity of water is 2.07 x10 6 kN/m2 at standard atmospheric condition determine the increase of pressure necessary to produce one percent reduction in volume at the same temperature. (8) b) A capillary glass tube of 3mm diameter when immersed in liquid. The temperature of which is 200c. Find the capillary rise in the tube if (i) the liquid is water with surface tension of water in contact with air at 200c is 0.075 g/cm and take specific weight of water at 200c as 0.998 gm/cm3 (ii) the liquid is mercury with surface tension in contact with air at 200c is 0.52 gm/cm and =1300 (8) DEC 2011 6. a) Derive an expression for pressure difference across a spherical droplet using the result, find the surface tension in a soap bubble of 50mm diameter when the inside pressure is 1.96 N/m2 above atmosphere.(8) DEC 2011 b) Derive an Energy equation for compressible fluid. What important relations are obtained by applying energy equation to the isothermal and adiabatic equation? (8) DEC 2011 7. a) A U-tube differential manometer is connected two pressure pipes A and B. Pipe A contains Carbon tetrachloride having a specific gravity 1.594 under a pressure of 11.772 N/ Cm2 . The pipe A lies 2.5 m above pipe B. Find the difference of pressure measured by mercury as a fluid filling U-tube (8)

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(b) Define Momentum equation A 450 reduced bend is connected in a pipeline. The diameter at the inlet and outlet of the bend being 600 mm and 300 mm respectively. Find the force exerted by the water on the bend, if the intensity of the pressure at the inlet to the bend is 8.829N/cm2 and a rate of flow of water is 600 lit/sec. DEC 2010 8. The space between two square parallel plates is filled with oil. Each side of the plate is 600 mm. The thickness of the oil film is 12.5 mm. The upper plate which moves at 2.5 m/sec requires a force of 98.1 N to maintain speed determine, (i) the dynamic viscosity of oil in poise, (2)the kinematic viscosity of the oil in strokes, if the specific gravity of oil is 0.95. DEC 2012 9. Derive the Eulers equations of motion and deduce the expressions to Bernoullis equation. DEC 2012 10. (a) A liquid is compressed in a cylinder having a volume off 0.12m3 at a pressure of 690 N/cm2. What should be the new pressure in order to make its volume 0.0119 m3. Assume bulk modulus of the elasticity (k) for the liquid = 6.9 x 104 N/cm2 (b) A 15 cm diameter vertical cylinder rotates concentrically inside another cylinder of diameter 15.10 cm. Both cylinders are 25 cm high the space between the cylinders is filled with a liquid whose viscosity is unknown. If a torque of 12 Nm is required to rotate the inner cylinder at 100 rpm. Determine the viscosity of the fluid. JUNE 2013

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UNIT II FLOW THROUGH CIRCULAR CONDUITS PART-A (2 Marks) 1. What is kinematics and dynamics of fluid flow? 2. What are the types of fluid flow? 3. Differentiate between steady flow and uniform flow. 4. Define stream line, streak line, path line flow. 5. What are the minor losses? Under what circumstances will they be negligible? 6. Define Rate of flow Or Discharge. 7. Name different forces present in fluid flow. 8. For the Euler equation of motion, which forces are taken into consideration? 9. Write the Hagen poiseullie equation. 10. Write the Bernoullis Equation 11. What is Venturimeter? Write its part. 12. Define Orifice meter and Pitot tube. 13. Define Dimensional Analysis 14. Define displacement thickness and Momentum thickness 15. Define dimensionally homogeneous equation. 16. What are the methods of dimensional analysis? 17. Define Hydraulic gradient line. 18. Mention the general characteristics of laminar flow. 19. What do you meant by flow through parallel pipes? 20. What is moodys diagram. PART-B (16 Marks) 1. a) The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.25m3/s. The diameter of pipe which is 20 cm is suddenly enlarged to 40 cm. The pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is 11.772 N/cm2. Determine loss of head due to sudden enlargement, pressure intensity in larger pipe, power loss due to enlargement. (9) JUNE 2009 b) A Laminar flow is taking place in a pipe of diameter 20 cm, the maximum velocity is 1.5 m/s. Find the mean velocity and radius at which this occurs, also calculate the velocities at 4 cm from the wall of the pipe. (7) JUNE 2009 2. Derive continuity equation in three dimensions (16) S VELMURUGAN, S VENUGOPAL, AP/MECH

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3. State the Bernoullis theorem for steady flow of an incompressible fluid. Derive an expression for Bernoullis equation. (16) 4. Water is flowing through a pipe having diameter 300 mm and 200 mm at the bottom end is 24.525 N/cm2 and the pressure at the upper end is 9.81 N/Cm2. Determine the difference in datum head if the rate of flow through pipe is 40 lit/s. (16) 5. A pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.87, changes in diameter from 200 mm diameter at a position A to 500 mm diameter at a position B which is 4 meters at a higher level. If the pressure at A and B which is 4 m at a higher level. If the pressures at A and B are 9.81 N/Cm 2 and 5.886 N/Cm2 respectively and the discharge is 20 litres/s. determine the loss of head and direction of flow. (16) 6. Two Reservoirs having difference of water levels as 20 m are connected by a pipe of 25 cm diameter and 2000 m long. Find the discharge through the pipe. If the last 1000 m pipe is replaced by 2 pieces of same length 1000 m and 25 cm diameter in each. Determine the percentage increases in discharge. Take f= 0.01 (16) DEC 2011 7. A liquid of specific gravity 0.85 is flowing through in an inclined venturimeter of 250mm x 115mm size. The difference of pressures between the main and throat is measured by a liquid of specific gravity 0.65 contained in an inverted U-tube which gives a reading of 275mm. If the loss of head between the main and throat is 0.3 times the Kinetic head of the pipe, determine the rate of flow of liquid. (16) 8. (a) Derive the expression for Loss of head due to friction in pipes- Darcy Equation. (8) DEC 2010 (b) Determine the wall shearing stress in a pipe of diameter 100 mm which carries water. The velocities at the pipe centre and 30 mm from the pipe centre of 2 m/s and 1.5 m/s respectively. The flow in pipe is given as turbulent. (8) DEC 2010 9. (a) The rate of flow of water pumped into a pipe ABC which is 200 long is 20lit/s. The pipe is laid on un upward slope of 1 in 40. The length of the portion AB is 100 m and its diameter 100 mm. The change of diameter at B is sudden. The flow is taking place from A to C where the pressure at A is 19.62n/cm2 and end C is connected to a tank. Find the pressure at C and draw the Hydraulic gradient and total energy line. Take f=0.008 (16) DEC 2010 (b) (i) A plate of 100mm length and 400 mm wide is immersed in a fluid of specific gravity of 0.9 and kinematic viscosity of (v) = 10-4m2/sec. The fluid is moving with the velocity of 6 m/s. Determine 1. Boundary layer thickness (ii) shear stress at the end of the plate. (iii) Drag force on one of the sides of the plates. (10) DEC 2012 (ii) Derive Chezys formula for loss of head due to friction in pipes. (6) DEC 2012 10. (a) A 150 mm diameter pipe reduces in diameter abruptly to 100 mm diameter. If the pipe carries water at 30 lit/s calculate the pressure losses across the contraction. Take coefficient of contraction as 0.6. (8) DEC 2012

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(b) A Horizontal pipe line 40 m long is connected to a water tank at one end and discharges freely into the atmosphere at the other end. For the first 25m of its length from the tank the pipe is 150 mm diameter and its diameter is suddenly enlarged to 300 mm. The height of water level in the tank is 8 m above the centre of the pipe. Considering all losses of head which occurs, determine the rate of flow, take f = 0.01 for both sections of the pipe. (8) JUN 2013

UNIT-III DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS PART-A (2 Marks) 1. What is the similarity between model and prototype. 2. Write down the Navier-stokes equation. 3. What is scale effect in physical model study? 4 Give the dimensions of the following physical quantities. Surface tension and dynamic viscosity. 5. Define Frauds model law. 6. Check the dimensional homogeneity of the equation, P = w Q H/ 75. 7. Define Euler number and Mach number. 8. State the advantages of Dimensional and model analysis. 9. Define drag and lift 10. Write the equation of loss of energy due to sudden contraction. 11. Write the equation of loss of energy due to entrance and exit of the pipe. 12. What is the physical significance of Reynolds number? 13. State Buckinghams theorem.

14. What you meant by repeating variables 15. What is dimensionless number? 16. Check the dimensional homogeneity for the equation V=u+at 17. What do you mean by kinematic similarity? 18. State the Fourier law of dimensional homogeneity. 19. Describe the selection of repeating variables in Buckinghams 20. State the limitations of dimensional analysis. PART-B (16 Marks) 1. Derive on the basis of dimensional analysis suitable parameters to present the thrust developed by a propeller. Assume that the thrust P depends on the angular velocity , speed of advance V, diameter D, dynamic viscosity mass density and elasticity of the fluid medium which can be denoted by the speed of sound in the medium C. (16) DEC 2012 theorem.

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2. State the Buckinghams

theorem, the discharge of the centrifugal pump Q, is dependent on speed of

pump N, diameter of impeller d, acceleration due to gravity g, manometric head developed by the pump H, density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid . Using the dimensional analys is and Buckinghams theorem, prove that it is given by Q = Nd3f (g H / N2d2, / Nd2) (16) JUNE 2013

3. (i) What are similarities between Model and Prototype. Mention the applications of model testing. (6) (ii) A spillway model is to be build to a geometrically similar scale of 1/50 across a flume of 600 mm width. The prototype is 15 m height and maximum head on it is expected to be 1.5m. Determine (i) what Height of Model and what head on the model should be used. (ii) if the flow over the model at a particular head is 12 lit/s, what flow per metre length of the prototype is expected, (iii) if the negative pressure is 200 mm, what is the negative pressure in the prototype is it practicable. (10) JUNE 2013 4. The frictional torque T of a disc of diameter D rotating at a speed N in a fluid viscosity and density in a turbulent flow is given by T = D5N2 [ / D2N] (16) DEC 2007 5. The drag force (F) on a partially submerged body depends on the relative velocity (v) between the body and fluid, characteristics linear dimension (l), height of surface roughness (k), fluid density () the viscosity () and acceleration due to gravity (g), obtain an expression for the drag force, using the method of dimensional analysis. (16) DEC 2010 6. Using Buckinghams v= theorem, show that the velocity through a circular orifice in a pipe is given by where v is the velocity through orifice of diameter d and H is the head causing

the flow, and are the density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid passing through the orifice and g is a acceleration due to gravity. (16) DEC 2009 7. Consider force F acting on the propeller of an aircraft which depends upon the variable U, , , D and N derive the non dimensional functional form, F / U2 D2 = f (UD / , ND / U) APRIL 2003 8. Write a detailed note on Models and Similitude. (16) DEC 2010 9. A Ship 300 m long moves in a sea water, whose density is 1030 kg/m3. A 1: 100 model of this ship is to be tested in a wind tunnel. The velocity of air in the wind tunnel around the model is 30 m/s and the resistance of the model is 60 N. Determine the velocity of ship in sea water and also the resistance of ship in sea water. The density of air given as 1.24 kg/m3.take the kinematic viscosity of sea water and air as 0.012 stokes and 0.018 stokes respectively. DEC 2010. 10. Using Buckinghams theorem, show that the drag FD of a supersonic aircraft is given by : FD = L2

V2 (Re, M) where Re = VL/ = Reynolds number, M=V/C mach number, = fluid density, v= velocity of aircraft, c = sonic velocity = , K = bulk modulus of fluid, L chord length,L2 = wing

lenth = chord x span, = a functional notation. (16) APRIL 2003

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UNIT-IV ROTO DYNAMIC MACHINES PART-A (2Marks) 1. Define hydraulic machines. 2. Give example for a low head, medium head and high head turbine. 3. Differentiate impulse turbine and reaction turbine? Give example. 4. How Hydraulic turbines are classified. 5. What precautions are to be taken while starting and closing the centrifugal pump. 6. Define priming. 7. Compare radial flow and axial flow turbo machines 8. What is the function of spear and nozzle? 9. Define gross head and net or effective head. 10. Define volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency. 11. Define Hydraulic efficiency and axial thrust of a rotodynamic hydraulic machine. 12. Define flow ratio of reaction radial flow turbine. 13. Define specific speed and unit speed of turbine. 14. What is the role of volute chamber and where it is used? 15. Give the range of specific speed values of Kaplan, Francis turbine and pelton wheels. 16. Define unit discharge and unit power. 17. What is a draft tube? In which type of turbine it is mostly used? 18. Write the function of draft tube in turbine outlet? 19. Write the different types of draft tubes. 20. What do you meant by cavitations in turbine? PART-B(16 Marks) 1. Obtain en expression for the work done per second by water on the runner of a pelton wheel. Hence derive an expression for maximum efficiency of the pelton wheel giving the relationship between the jet at 250 rpm and rate of flow of water through the turbine is 8 m/s. The width of the runner is constant at inlet and out let and is equal to 30 cm. The head on the turbine is 10 m and discharge at outlet6 is radial, determine (1) Vane angle at inlet and outlet. (2) Velocity of flow at inlet and outlet 2. a) A pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1 m and is running at 1000 rpm. The net head

on the pelton wheel is 700 m. If the side clearance angle is 15 and discharge through nozzle is 0.1 m/s, find (1) power available at nozzle and (2) hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Take Cv=1

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b) A turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m at 200 rpm. The discharge is 9 m/s. If the efficiency is 90% determine, Specific speed of the machine, Power generated and type of turbine. 3. A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10 m/s. with a jet of water flowing at the rate of 0.7 m3/s and a head of 30 m. If the buckets deflects the jet through an angle of 160 0 calculate the power given by water to the runner and hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume the coefficient of velocity 0.98. DEC 2012 4. An Outward flow reaction turbine has internal and external diameters of the runner as 0.5 m and 1.0 m respectively. The turbine is running speed and bucket speed. 5. The Nozzle of a pelton Wheel gives a jet of 9 cm diameter and velocity 75 m/s. Coefficient of velocity is 0.978. The pitch circle diameter is 1.5 m and the deflection angle of the bucket is 170. The wheel velocity is 0.46 times the jet velocity. Estimate the speed of the pelton wheel turbine in rpm, theoretical power developed and also the efficiency of the turbine. (16) 6. a) A turbine is to operate a head of a 25 m at 200 rpm; the available discharge is 9 m/s assuming an efficiency of 90%. Determine (1) Specific speed (2) Power generated (3) Performance under a head of 20 m (4) The type of turbine (8) b) A vertical reaction turbine under 6m head at 400 rpm the area and diameter of runner at inlet are 0.7 m and 1m respective the absolute and relative velocities of fluid entering are 15and 60 to the tangential direction. Calculate hydraulic efficiency. (8) 7. The following data is given for a Francis turbine, net head H = 60 m , speed N = 700 rpm, shaft power 294.3 kW, overall efficiency 84%, hydraulic efficiency 93%, flow ratio 0.2 breadth ratio n = 0.1, the outer diameter of the runner is equal to two times of the inner diameter of the runner, the thickness of the vanes occupies 5% of circumferential area of the runner, velocity of flow is constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is radial at outlet, determine (i) guide blade angle, (ii) runner vane angle at inlet and outlet, (iii) diameter of runner at inlet and outlet, (iv) width of the wheel at inlet and outlet (16) 8. A Kaplan turbine develops 20000KW at a head of 35 m and at rotational speed of 420 rpm. The outer diameter of the blades is 2.5 m and the hub diameter is 0.85m. If the overall efficiency is 85% and the hydraulic efficiency is 88%. Calculate the discharge, the inlet flow angle and the blade angle at the inlet. (16) 9. A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 20 m develops 11772 KW shaft power. The outer diameter of the runner is 3.5m and hub diameter 1.75 m the guide blade angle at the extreme edge of the runner is 350, the hydraulic and overall efficiencies of the turbines are 88% and 84% respectively. If the velocity of the Whirl is 0at outlet, determine, (i) runner vane angles at inlet and outlet at the extreme edge of the runner (ii) speed of the turbine. (16) DEC 2010 10. Draw a neat sketch of centrifugal pump and explain the working principle of the centrifugal pump, and derive the work done by the centrifugal pump on water. (16) DEC 2010 S VELMURUGAN, S VENUGOPAL, AP/MECH Page 9

UNIT-V POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES PART-A (2 Marks) 1. What is the maximum theoretical suction head possible for a centrifugal pump? 2. What is meant by Pump? And Mention main components of Centrifugal pump. 3. What are the functions of Air vessel? 4. Define Manometric head. 5. Define Manometric efficiency and overall efficiency. 6. What are the advantages of centrifugal pump over reciprocating pump? 7. When will you select reciprocating pump. 8. Give the range of specific speed for low, medium, high speed radial flow. 9. Define speed ratio, flow ratio. 10. Mention main components of Reciprocating pump. 11. Define Slip of reciprocating pump. When the negative slip does occur? 12. What is indicator diagram and state its uses? 13. What is meant by Cavitations in pumps? 14. What are rotary pumps? 15. What is the function of non-return valve in a reciprocating pump? 16. What factors governs the speed of a reciprocating pump. 17. What is meant by suction head and delivery head? 18. Write down the formula for discharge work done and power required for double acting pump? 19. What is the main difference between single acting and double acting reciprocating pump? 20. Write down the formula for work done by the pump in an indicator diagram.

PART-B (16Marks) 1. Write short notes on the following (1) Cavitations in hydraulic machines their causes, effects and remedies. (2) Type of rotary pumps. (16) 2. Derive the variation of velocity and acceleration in the suction and delivery pipes due to acceleration of the piston. (16) DEC 2010

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3. Draw a neat sketch of Reciprocating pump and explain the working principle of single acing and double acting Reciprocating pump. (16) 4. A radial flow impeller has a diameter 25 cm and width 7.5 cm at exit. It delivers 120 litters of water per second against a head of 24 m at 1440 rpm. Assuming the vanes block the flow area by 5% and hydraulic efficiency of 0.8, estimate the vane angle at exit. Also calculate the torque exerted on the driving shaft if the mechanical efficiency is 95%. (16) 5. What do you meant by indicator diagram give neat sketch and explain about it and also explain effect of acceleration in suction and delivery pipes on indicator diagram. (16) DEC 2010 6. The cylinder bore diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 150 mm and 300 mm respectively. The pump runs at 50 rpm and lifts water to a height of 25 m. The delivery pipe is 22 m long 100 mm in diameter. Find the theoretical discharge and theoretical power required to run the pump. If the actual discharge is 4.2 lit/s find the % of slip.(16) DEC 2012 7. The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 200 mm and 400 mm respectively, the pump runs at 60 rpm and lifts 12 litters of water per second through a height of 25 m. The delivery pipe is 20m long and 150mm in diameter. Find (i) Theoretical power required to run the pump. (ii) Percentage of slip. (iii) Acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke. (16) 8. The cylinder of a single acting reciprocating pump is 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in strokes. The pump is running at 30 rpm and discharge water to a height of 12 m. The diameter and length of the delivery pipe are 10 cm and 30 m respectively. If a large Air vessel is fitted in the delivery pipe at a distance of 2 m from the centre of the pump, find the pressure head in the cylinder (i) at the beginning oft the delivery stroke (ii) in the middle of the delivery stroke take f = 0.01. JUNE 2013 9. (a) Explain in detail the working principle and construction of Rotary pumps with neat sketch. (8) (b) Calculate the work saved by fitting an air vessel for a double acting single cylinder reciprocating pump. (8) JUNE 2013 10. (a) Define slip, percentage of slip and negative slip of a reciprocating pump and what is priming and why it is necessary. (10) (b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a piston area of 0.185 m2 and stroke has 0.3 m cross sectional area of the delivery pipe is 0.37 m2 and water is lifted to a height of 12 m. Find the % slip , coefficient of discharge and theoretical hp required to drive the pump if it is running at 60 rpm. And the actual discharge is 50 lit/s.

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