FRANCIS TURBINE TEST RIG

FRANCIS TURBINE TEST RIG:

OBJECTlVE: A1M:

To study the operation of a Francis Turbine. To determine the output power of Francis Turbine. To determine the efficiency of the Francis Turbine.

INTRODUCTION: Francis Turbine, named after James Bichens Fransis, is a reaction type of turbine for medium high to medium low heads and medium small to medium large quantities of water. The reaction turbine operates with its wheel submerged in water. The water before entering the turbine has pressure as well as kinetic energy. The moment on the wheel is produced by both kinetic and pressure energies. The water leaving the turbine has still some of the pressure as well as kinetic energy. THEORY: riginally the Francis turbine was designed as a purely radial flow type reaction turbine but modern Francis turbine is a mi!ed flow type in which water enters the runner radially inwards towards the center and discharges out a!ially. "t operates under medium heads and requires medium quantity of water. DESCRIPTION: The Francis Turbine consists of spiral casing, an outer bearing pedestal and rotor assembly with runner shaft and brake drum, all mounted on a suitable sturdy cast iron base plate. # straight conical draft tube is provided for the purpose of regaining the kinetic energy from the e!it water and also facilitating easy accessibility of the Turbine due to it locating at higher level than the tailrace. # transparent hollow $erspe! cylinder is provided in between the draught bend and the casing for the purpose of observation of flow at e!it of runner. # rope brake arrangement is provided to load the Turbine. The output of the turbine can be controlled by ad%usting the guide vanes for which a hand wheel and a suitable link mechanism are provided. The net supply head on the turbine is measured by a pressure and vacuum gauge. UTILITIES REQUIRED: &. 'ater supply ()** ltrs+ ,. - phase supply, ))* volt #. -. /rain ). 0pace required: ,.,m ! & m EXPERIMENT AL PROCEDURE: 0tarting $rocedure: &. .lean the apparatus and make Tank free from /ust. ,. .lose the drain valve provided. -. Fill 0ump tank -1) with .lean 'ater and ensure that no foreign particles are there. ). Fill manometer fluid i.e. 2g. in manometer. 3. 4ow switch on the 5ain $ower 0upply ())* 6 #., 3* 27+. 8. 0witch on the $ump with the help of 0tarter. 9. pen the #ir release 6alve provided on the 5anometer, slowly to release the air from 5anometer. :. 'hen there is no air in the manometer, close the #ir release valves. ;. 4ow regulate the <uide 6anes position with the help of a 2and 'heel provided for

this purpose. &*. 4ow turbine is in operation. &&. =egulate the discharge by regulating the <uide 6anes position. &,. >oad the turbine with the help of hand wheel attached to the 0pring Balance. &-. 4ote the 5onometer =eading. &). 4ote $ressure gauge reading. &3. 4ote 6acuum gauge =eading. &8. 4ote the =$5 of the Turbine. &9. 4ote the Fi!ed and #d%ustable Balance =eadings. &:. =epeat the same e!periment for different load and different discharge. .losing $rocedure: &. 'hen the e!periment is over, first remove load on dynamometer. ,. .lose the ball valves provided on manometer. -. 0witch FF $ump with the help of starter. ). 0witch FF main power supply. SPECIFICATION: $ump $ump 0pring Balance =unner diameter 4os. of <uide 6anes FORMULAE: Total 2ead /ischarge 'here 2 ? &* A $ m of water B ? # A 6 (m-1sec+ 6 ? .d C D,gh E(m 1 w+F&GH (m1sec+ ? ? ? ? ? .entrifugal type #... &3 2$ 1 &-.93@', - $hase, ))* 6olts. &*kg &8, mm &* nos

Turbine "nput ? w B 2 1 93 watt Turbine output ? D(w& I w- F w,+ =e ,4H 1 )3** efficiency J ? (output 1 input+ &** =e ? (/ I ,d+ 1 , ? *.&83 m 2$

OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

DATA: Flow measurement # ? .rossFsection area of pipe g ? #cceleration due to gravity m ? /ensity of water w ? /ensity of 5anometer fluid i.e. 2g / ? /iameter of Brake /rum .pitot ? .oFefficient of pitot tube d ? /iameter of rope =e ? Kffective radius '- ? 'eight of hanger OBSERVATION TABLE: 0. 4. =$5 (4+ & , ) 3 CALCULATION TABLE: 0.4. Total 2 2ead 6elocity v

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

$itot tube in &*: mm diameter pipe *.**;&8 m, ;.:& m1s, &*** kg.m&-33* kg1m*.- m *.;: &3 mm *.&83 m &.* kg

$r. <auge reading /ifferential $r. /ead weight 0pring balance $ (kg1cm,+ 2 (m+ w& (kg+ w, (kg+

/ischarge B

utput

"nput

Turbine Kfficiency J

& , ) 3 NOMENCLATURE: # ? .rossFsectional area of pipe $ ? $ressure gauge reading, kg.cm, 6 ? 6acuum gauge reading m ? /ensity of water w ? /ensity of 5anometer fluid i.e. 2g