Reviewer in English I. Literal and Figurative expressions. II. Figures of Speech (simile, metaphor, and personification) III.

Analogy Analogy is the comparison of two pairs which have the same relationship. The key is to ascertain the relationship between the first so you can choose the correct second pair. Part to whole, opposites, results of are types of relationships you should find. Example: hot is to cold as fire is to ice OR hot:cold::fire:ice white is to good as black is to evil a. fragrance is to sweet as _________ is to papayas in bloom b. Nagrebcan is to sky sown with stars as Ermita beach is to __________ c. cars and noise are to city as clean air, free of dust and smoke is to_________ d. Maria is to __________ as Noel is to _________ e. call of Labang is to earth trembling underfoot as _________ is to a drum. IV. Noun Complementation 1. Study the sentences and find out the relationship between the bold and italicized words. a. There was a world of laughter between them and in them. b. Crickets chirped from their homes in the cracks in the banks. c. Father gave instructions to pass the Waig and into the fields instead of the camino real. d. Labangs white coat, which I had washed and brushed that morning, glistened like beaten cotton. 2. What is being modified in by the groups of words of laughter? in the cracks? to pass the Waig and into the fields? which I had washed and brushed that morning? 3. How are these modifiers or complements formed? 4. What do noun complements do in sentences? ___________ Other examples: The news that the President had fled the country was expected. The possibility that they might be beaten never crossed their minds. The function of to-infinitive complements is to point to human acts or goals, as in: attempts to trump up facts and evidence failure to warn the students in advance plans to build a new underpass PREPOSITIONAL COMPLEMENTS OF NOUNS A desire for fame Reliance on public transport A lack of knowledge V. Verb Complementation Different verbs can be followed by different kinds of word and structure. Some verbs can be followed by infinitives with or without to; some verbs can be followed by ing forms; some by past participles; and some by clauses. Many verbs can be followed by two or more of these structures. There is usually a difference of meaning. Study the following sentences

She seems to have a problem. (NOT She seems having a problem. Seem cannot be followed by a toinfinitive.) I must stop smoking. (NOT I must stop to smoke.) I got my car stolen twice last year. (NOT I got my car stealing) I suggest consulting a specialist. OR I suggest that we consult a specialist. (NOT I suggest to consult a specialist.) Many verbs can be followed by an object as well as a verb structure. We all want you to be happy. I must get the clock repaired. Verb + object + complement Some transitive verbs are followed by an object together with an expression that gives more information about the object. She makes me nervous. We thought him to be a fool. She decided to paint her house pink.